According to Shingly, the design process is an iterative procedure involving the following six phases: 1. Recognition of need 2. Definition of problem 3. Synthesis 4. Analysis and optimization 5. Evaluation 6. Presentation Phase 3 (synthesis) includes defining the design problem, design conceptualization, searching for design information, modeling and simulation. Phase 4 (analysis and optimization) may include parameter study, finite element analysis, etc. Although computers are being utilized more and more in the design process, their use is still limited to the last four steps in the design and they are mainly used as a tool that helps the designer, rather than as a replacement for the designer.
Benefits of Using CAD: (1) Increasing productivity (2) Improving quality of design (3) Improving communications (4) Creating data-base for manufacturing
Geometric Modeling The term geometric modeling (or representation) means a method of describing commonly used curves and surfaces in terms of values of a few parameters.
Three types of Geometric Models Wireframe Model : connect 3D vertex points, sometimes ambiguous. Surface Model : define surface to form an object. Solid Model : various representation schemes are used to describe a solid object
2. Solid Modeling A solid modeling system is usually an interactive computer graphics system that is intended to create true three-dimensional components and assemblies. Recent advances in CAD software, computers, and graphical displays have made it possible to use solid representations of components being considered in the design process. These solid models can be employed innumerous ways.
Advantages of Solid Modeling A realistic visual display: By producing a shaded visible surface image of the solid, solid modeling allows a designer to see exactly what has been created. Easy to deal with different views: Once a part has been created, we have the ability to rotate, shade, section, or produce almost any view required by a designer. Single associated model database: The solid modeler provides the only database suitable for all CAD operations. Almost all information needed for part generation is contained in the solid model.
The algorithm should be able to ensure that it represents physically possible shape that is complete and unambiguous Applications. e.g., automatic generation of a mesh for a finite element analysis.
2. Requirements For Modeling Assembling
I. Part modeling and analysis The part analysis includes the material type, mass and inertial properties, functional properties of the faces, etc. II. Hierarchical relationships An assemble tree and assemble sequence must be given. III. Mating conditions There are two methods for specifying mating conditions: Specify the location and orientation of each part in the assembly, together with the representation of the part itself, by providing a 4 x 4 homogeneous transformation matrix. (i.e., transformation from MCS to WCS)Specify the spatial relationships between its individual parts as mating conditions. For example, a mating condition can consist of planar faces butting up against one another or requiring centerlines of individual parts to be collinear (fits condition).
3. CAD/CAE/CAM Data Exchange Computer databases are now replacing paper blueprints in defining product geometry and non-geometry for all phases of product design, analysis, and manufacturing. It becomes increasingly important to find effective procedures for transferring data among CAD/CAE/CAM systems.
The need to exchange modeling data is directly motivated by the need to integrate and automate the design and manufacturing process to obtain the maximum benefits from CAD/CAE/CAM systems.
Four Types of Modeling Data to be transferred: (1) Shape (2) Non shape (3) Design (4) Manufacturing
(1) Shape data consists of both geometrical and topological information as well as part features. Entity attributes such as font, color, and layer as well as annotation are considered part of the entity geometrical information. Topological information applies only to products described via solid modeling. Features allow high-level concept communication about parts. Examples are hole, flange, web, pocket, chamfer, etc. (2) Non shape data includes graphics data such as shaded images, and model global data as measuring units of the database and the resolution of storing the database numerical values. (3) Design data has to do with the information that designers generate from geometric models for analysis purposes. e.g., mass property and finite element mesh data. (4) Manufacturing data consists of information such as tooling, NC tool paths, tolerance, process planning, tool design, and bill of materials.
Commonly Used CAD Data Exchange Format IGES (Initial Graphics Exchange Specification)PDES (Product Data Exchange Using STEP)IGES is focused on CAD-to- CAD exchange where primarily shape and non-shape data were to be transferred from one system to another. PDES is previous called Product Data Exchange Standard. It is for the exchange of complete product descriptions which covers the four types of modeling data (i.e., shape, non-shape, design and manufacturing).Other data exchange interfaces include: STL, Neutral, SET, ECAD, VDA, STEP, PDGS,CATIA, Render, CGM, VRML, PATRAN, TIFF, etc.
4. Details about Fundamentals of Engineering Drawing Theory of Projection: Geometric figures are in two dimensions, hence they may be drawn to their sizes and shapes on a sheet of paper as it is also in two dimensions. A solid is a three dimensional objects, hence will not be possible to illustrate a solid in its three dimensional true form on a paper. However, solids may be depicted on a paper pictorially in its three dimensional form, but of course not in its true shape and sizes. Since pictorial drawings do not show the true shape of the solid, while reading a pictorial drawing it will be difficult to understand the shape of the interior and exterior of the solid. Hence they cannot be used more effectively in engineering practice for construction work. The drawings of objects for using in engineering practice have to be in their true shapes and sizes. This has been made possible by principle of projection. The word projection, is of Latin origin, meaning to throw forward.
In the projection method, all the faces of solid, both visible and invisible, are shown forward to a plane which is held normal to the direction of sight of the observer who is viewing the object the manner exactly similar to that of a motion picture projection, where a image of a film is projected on a screen. Orthographic Projection: If the projectors are perpendicular to the plane, then the projections is called orthographic or orthogonal. The word orthographic means to write or to draw at right angles. Orthographic projection is the method of representing the exact shape of an object in two or more views on planes generally at right angles to each other by extending perpendiculars from the object to the planes. Ti is universally used in Machine Drawing. Principle Planes: Horizontal planes Vertical planes Profile plane: The Plane which is all Perpendicular to both HP and VP is known as the profile plane. Intersection of the Principle planes results in four Quadrants. Depending upon object placed in First, Second, Third, and Fourth Quadrant we Get the projections are, First Angle projection Second angle projection Third angle projection Fourth angle projection
For all angle of projection after getting the views we have to rotate the Horizontal Plane to 90 Degree. Hence in Second and Fourth Angle the Views will coincide each other, so that these Projection types are not used.
Conversion of Pictorial Views into Orthographic Views: Having understood the principles of orthographic projection, we can proceed to deal with the application of the same to conversion of pictorial views into the orthographic views. Orthographic views can be drawn by two methods. 1. First Angle Projection method 2. Third angle projection method
1.First Angle Projection:
In the first angle system of projection the object is assumed to be placed in the first quadrant (i.e. in front of V.P and above H.P) and the observer looks from outside. In other words, the object is between the observer and the plane of projection. The projections are made as follows: Elevation of Front view Projected on V.P. Plan or Top View Projected on H.P End View or Side View- Projected on Auxiliary plan (right or left) Having drawn the three views, we have to rotate the H.P and V.P. so that they come in the plane of V.P. Now, all the three views are in one plane and can be drawn on the drawing sheet.
2.Third Angle Projection: In the third-angle projection system the object is assumed to be situated in the third quadrant i.e. behind V.P and below the H.P. the planes of projection are assumed to be transparent. They lie between the object and the observer. When the observer views the object from the front the rays of sight intersect the V.P.
Auxiliary projection: Auxiliary projection is obtained by projecting object on an Auxiliary Plane. There are two types of Auxiliary Planes AVP [Auxiliary Vertical Plane] plane parallel to HP and inclined to VP AHP [Auxiliary Horizontal Plane] plane parallel to VP and inclined to HP Isometric projection: 3D Representation on a 2D plane and three equally inclined axes with included angle of 120 degrees. To imagine object from 2D orthographic views to 3D object is difficult. To overcome this we use isometric which workers can easily visualize ISO equal Perspective projection: Normal human eyes view Photographic views: For more introductions refer machine drawing and machine design to Update/refresh before getting into the software. Classification of software: a. System software b. Application software a)System software: It is the operating system of the computer. Systems software act as a link between application software and Hardware resource. b)Application software: It is the software developed for specific application. Application software for CAD/CAM/CAE
Lower end Auto CAD Micro station Middle end Mechanical desktop Inventor High end CAD Pro/Engineer, CATIA, solid works IDEAS, Unigraphics CAM Solid CAM, CAPS turn, CAPS mill CAE Ansys, MSC-Nastran, Cosmos,LS-Dyna Nisha, Adams
6. Introduction to Pro/ENGINEER
Pro/ENGINEER is one of the most widely used CAD/CAM software program in Todays world. Pro/e is a product of PTC (Parametric Technology Corporation) www.ptc.com. Pro/e is used in automobile industry, aeronautics, ship building, tool design etc. Pro/E 2001 is software for flexible engineering solutions which span the product development enterprise process, including conceptual design, styling, design and engineering, simulation, planning, manufacturing, and in-service support.
Capabilities & Benefits: Complete 3D modeling capabilities enable you to exceed your product quality and time-to-market goals Maximum production efficiency through automated generation of associative tooling design, assembly instructions, and machine code Ability to simulate and analyze virtual prototypes to improve product performance and optimize product design Ability to share digital product data seamlessly among all appropriate team members Compatibility with myriad CAD tools including associative data exchange and industry standard data formats To start Pro/E 2001 selects the icon to get into Pro/E. when Pro/E is
About to start we will get the screen specified below before the main screen of Pro/E.
Gateway to Pro/ENGINEER screen layout
Main window
Pro/ENGINEER icons definition
A) Title bar: Specifies the name of the current and the name of the software being used. B) Pull down menu: Menu bar is part of the main window and this contains menus to control the screen, control viewing of entities, control the displays of datum features create, save files. C) Toolbar: Toolbars are an easy and fast way of accessing the necessary commands are macros. D) Tool Tip: A tip is available for every button existing in the toolbar when we place the mouse on the button.
E) Message Area: Message related to the task being performed is displayed in the message area. Message area is also provided with a scroll bar to visualize the previous messages. F) Status Bar: It provides as a guide to the pull down items, toolbars, and menu bar items when the mouse is moved on these items. G) Graphical Area: This is the area where the objects will be created.
File Management
New File Creation: Menu: File>New> Toolbar: Keyboard: Ctrl+N
To create a model in Pro/E firstly you have to create a new part. A part is build from a list of features. Features in turn are created out of sketch and assembly is created out of a list of parts.
Opening Files: Menu: File>open Toolbar: Keyboard: Ctrl+O Open all Pro/Engineer files specified by the name or by selecting from the dialog. A) Open: opens the selected Pro/E file from the list in Pro/E.
B) Open Rep: Opens the selected Pro/E file in a type of representation. Representation will be discussed in later sessions. C) Cancel: Cancel the open command. D) Preview: Displays the preview of the object in the selected file Pro/E file. This is helpful to know what is to be opened before opening in Pro/E. E) Up One Level: Useful to go back the previous Folder /Directory. H) Working Directory: Displays the Pro/E files in the working directory.
Save: Menu: File>Save Tool bar: Keyboard: Ctrl+S You can store file by specified name in the working directory by using save. Each time you save a new version is created in the working directory.
CREATION OF BASIC SOLID FEATURES
EXTRUDE:
Insert (from menu bar) > Select Extrude > Click Sketcher icon (from dash board) > Select alpine (from main window) > Click Sketch (from section dialogue box) > Select References(check reference status fully placed) > Close (reference dialogue box) > Sketch a figure (edit dimensions if required) > Click (blue color to continue) > Enter depth value
(at prompt in dash board) > click preview (at dash board) > click (green color on dash board) > file > save >click (green color) Insert (from menu bar) > Select Extrude > Click Sketcher icon (from dash board) > Select alpine (from main window) > Click Sketch (from section dialogue box) > Select References(check reference status fully placed) > Close (reference dialogue box) > Sketch a figure (edit dimensions if required) > Click (blue color to continue) > Enter depth value (at prompt in dash board) > click preview (at dash board) > click (green color on dash board) > file > save >click (green color)
REVOLVE:
Insert > Revolve > Select Sketcher (icon from dash board) > Select plane for sketching >Click sketch > Select References > Close reference > Draw figure > Draw Centre line as axis(along which it should revolve) > Click (blue color) > Specify angle (in dash board up to which it should rotate) > preview > click (green color)
SWEEP :
Insert > Sweep > Protrusion > Click Sketch Trajectory (from sweep trajectory menu manager) > Select a Plane > Okay (for direction) > Default (sketch view) > Select References >Close (reference dialogue box) > Draw Trajectory > Click (blue color) > Sketch Cross section(at the intersection of two yellow color axes) > Click (blue color) > Preview > OK (to accept)
ASSEMBLY CONSTRAINTS:
Mate Mate constraint two surfaces touch one another, coincident and facing each other. Mate Offset Mate offset constraint makes two planar surfaces parallel and facing each other. The offset value determines the distance between two surfaces. Align Align constraint makes two planes coplanar, coincident and facing in the same direction. It also aligns revolved surfaces or axes to make them coaxial. Align Offset This constraint aligns two planar surfaces at an offset, parallel and facing in the same direction. Insert Insert constraint inserts a male revolved surface into a female revolved surface, align axes. Orient The orient constraint orients two planar surfaces so that they are parallel and facing in the same direction, offset is not specified.
EXERCISES IN 3D PART MODELING
AIM: To model the 3D part modeling as per the dimensions given and also convert the 3D model into different views with Bill of materials. PROCEDURE: 1. Model different parts of a flange coupling using Extrude, Revolve etc., features. 2. Select the assembly in solid works main menu. 3. Using Insert component icon of property manager, insert base component & next components to be assemble. 4. Assemble using MATE Feature. 5. Continue the inserting the component & mating until the entire component are assembled. 6. Save the assembly. 7. From the main menu of solid works select the drawing option. 8. Select the drawing sheet format size as A4 Landscape. 9. Using the model view manager browse the document to be open. 10. Click the view orientation from the model view manager & place the drawing view in the proper place in the sheet as shown above. 11. Using the placed view as parent view project the other or needed views 12. Move cursor to any one view and right click the mouse button. 13. Select the Table BOM. 14. Place the BOM in the proper place in the drawing sheet. 15. Save the drawing sheet.
Fig. 1 Fig. 2
Fig. 3 Fig.4
Fig. 5 Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Result: Thus the 3D part modeling is modeled & different views are taken.
EXERCISES ON ASSEMBLY OF FLANGE COUPLING
AIM: To model and assemble the flange coupling as per the dimensions given and also convert the 3D model into different views with Bill of materials. PROCEDURE: 1. Model different parts of a flange coupling using Extrude, Revolve etc., features. 2. Select the assembly in solid works main menu. 3. Using Insert component icon of property manager, insert base component & next components to be assemble. 4. Assemble using MATE Feature. 5. Continue the inserting the component & mating until the entire component are assembled. 6. Save the assembly. 7. From the main menu of solid works select the drawing option. 8. Select the drawing sheet format size as A4 Landscape. 9. Using the model view manager browse the document to be open. 10. Click the view orientation from the model view manager & place the drawing view in the proper place in the sheet as shown above. 11. Using the placed view as parent view project the other or needed views 12. Move cursor to any one view and right click the mouse button. 13. Select the Table BOM. 14. Place the BOM in the proper place in the drawing sheet. 15. Save the drawing sheet
FLANGE COUPLING ASSEMBLY VIEW
Result: Thus the given flange coupling is modeled, assembled & different views are taken.
EXERCISES ON ASSEMBLY OF PLUMMER BLOCK
AIM: To model and assemble the Plummer block as per the dimensions given and also convert the 3D model into different views with Bill of materials. PROCEDURE: 1. Model different parts of a flange coupling using Extrude, Revolve etc., features. 2. Select the assembly in solid works main menu. 3. Using Insert component icon of property manager, insert base component & next components to be assemble. 4. Assemble using MATE Feature. 5. Continue the inserting the component & mating until the entire component are assembled. 6. Save the assembly. 7. From the main menu of solid works select the drawing option. 8. Select the drawing sheet format size as A4 Landscape. 9. Using the model view manager browse the document to be open. 10. Click the view orientation from the model view manager & place the drawing view in the proper place in the sheet as shown above. 11. Using the placed view as parent view project the other or needed views 12. Move cursor to any one view and right click the mouse button. 13. Select the Table BOM. 14. Place the BOM in the proper place in the drawing sheet. 15. Save the drawing sheet
PLUMBER BLOCK ASSEMBLY VIEW
Result: Thus the given Plummer block is modeled, assembled & different views are taken.
EXERCISES ON ASSEMBLY OF SCREW JACK
AIM: To model and assemble the Screw Jack as per the dimensions given and also convert the 3D model into different views with Bill of materials. PROCEDURE: 1. Model different parts of a flange coupling using Extrude, Revolve etc., features. 2. Select the assembly in solid works main menu. 3. Using Insert component icon of property manager, insert base component & next components to be assemble. 4. Assemble using MATE Feature. 5. Continue the inserting the component & mating until the entire component are assembled. 6. Save the assembly. 7. From the main menu of solid works select the drawing option. 8. Select the drawing sheet format size as A4 Landscape. 9. Using the model view manager browse the document to be open. 10. Click the view orientation from the model view manager & place the drawing view in the proper place in the sheet as shown above. 11. Using the placed view as parent view project the other or needed views 12. Move cursor to any one view and right click the mouse button. 13. Select the Table BOM. 14. Place the BOM in the proper place in the drawing sheet. 15. Save the drawing sheet
SCREW JACK ASSEMBLY VIEW
Result: Thus the given Screw Jack is modeled, assembled & different views are taken.
EXERCISES ON ASSEMBLY OF UNIVERSAL COUPLING
AIM: To model and assemble the Universal Coupling as per the dimensions given and also convert the 3D model into different views with Bill of materials. Procedure: 1. Model different parts of a flange coupling using Extrude, Revolve etc., features. 2. Select the assembly in solid works main menu. 3. Using Insert component icon of property manager, insert base component & next components to be assemble. 4. Assemble using MATE Feature. 5. Continue the inserting the component & mating until the entire component are assembled. 6. Save the assembly. 7. From the main menu of solid works select the drawing option. 8. Select the drawing sheet format size as A4 Landscape. 9. Using the model view manager browse the document to be open. 10. Click the view orientation from the model view manager & place the drawing view in the proper place in the sheet as shown above. 11. Using the placed view as parent view project the other or needed views 12. Move cursor to any one view and right click the mouse button. 13. Select the Table BOM. 14. Place the BOM in the proper place in the drawing sheet. 15. Save the drawing sheet
UNIVERSAL COUPLING ASSEMBLY VIEW
Result: Thus the given Universal Coupling is modeled, assembled & different views are taken.
EXERCISES ON ASSEMBLY OF MACHINE VICE
AIM: To model and assemble the Machine Vice as per the dimensions given and also convert the 3D model into different views with Bill of materials. PROCEDURE: 1. Model different parts of a flange coupling using Extrude, Revolve etc., features. 2. Select the assembly in solid works main menu. 3. Using Insert component icon of property manager, insert base component & next components to be assemble. 4. Assemble using MATE Feature. 5. Continue the inserting the component & mating until the entire component are assembled. 6. Save the assembly. 7. From the main menu of solid works select the drawing option. 8. Select the drawing sheet format size as A4 Landscape. 9. Using the model view manager browse the document to be open. 10. Click the view orientation from the model view manager & place the drawing view in the proper place in the sheet as shown above. 11. Using the placed view as parent view project the other or needed views 12. Move cursor to any one view and right click the mouse button. 13. Select the Table BOM. 14. Place the BOM in the proper place in the drawing sheet. 15. Save the drawing sheet
Result: Thus the given Machine Vice is modeled, assembled & different views are taken.
INTRODUCTION OF COMPUTER AIDED MANUFACTURING (CAM)
Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) is the use of computer-based software tools that assist engineers and machinists in manufacturing or prototyping product components. Its primary purpose is to create a faster production process and components with more precise dimensions and material consistency, which in some cases, uses only the required amount of raw material (thus minimizing waste), while simultaneously reducing energy consumption. CAM is a programming tool that makes it possible to manufacture physical models using computer-aided design (CAD) programs. CAM creates real life versions of components designed within a software package CNC Technology Numerical Control (NC) is a software-based machine tool control technique developed at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in early 1960s. It has now evolved into a mature technology known as Computer Numerical Control (CNC). Although major applications of CNC even today continue to be in machining, it finds applications in other processes such as sheet metal working, non-traditional machining and inspection. Robots and Rapid Prototyping machines are also CNC controlled. In fact, any process that can be visualized as a sequence of motions and switching functions can be controlled by CNC. CNC is the basis of flexible automation which helps industries cut down time-to-market and enables launch of even low volume products. Unlimited muscle power, unmanned operation, independent axes coordinated through software, simplified generic tooling even for the most complex jobs and accurate construction are some of the salient features of CNC.
CNC Machining Automats and Special Purpose Machines (SPMs) require special cams/ templates and clutch settings for each part. Manufacture of these cams/ templates is costly and slow. Furthermore, changing over from one part to the other on these machines also consumes considerable time. The high cost and long time of these hard automated machines to produce parts can be justified only in mass production. With the advent of fast, rigid and accurate CNC machines and sophisticated CAM packages, generation of NC programs and change over from one product to the other are easy and fast as it does not require any mechanical change. These in conjunction with advanced cutting tools have made High Speed Cutting (HSC) of hard materials a reality. Therefore, CNC machining has become a standard means to produce dies and molds; tool makers today require EDM only for producing inaccessible regions, sharp corners, tiny features and desired surface quality. Intricate aerospace parts are realized through 5 axis CNC machining. Internet technology in a global village enables designing in one place, NC programming and verification in another place and actual machining in yet another place.
Advantages of CNC
Flexibility Accuracy Speed Simplified fixturing and generic cutting tools Storage of machining skill in NC programs Less skilled operators will do
G-codes G-Code, or preparatory code or function, are functions in the Numerical control programming language. The G-codes are the codes that position the tool and do the actual work, as opposed to M-codes, that manages the machine; T for tool-related codes. S and F are tool-Speed and tool-Feed, and finally D-codes for tool compensation. The programming language of Numerical Control (NC) is sometimes informally called G- code. But in actuality, G-codes are only a part of the NC-programming language that controls NC and CNC machine tools. A basic list of `G' operation codes is given below. These direct motion of the tool.
Preparatory Functions
G00 Rapid Traverse G01 Linear Interpolation (Cutting feed) G02 Circular Interpolation (Clockwise) G03 Circular Interpolation (Counter Clockwise) G04 Dwell G28 Return to Machine reference position G40 Tool nose radius compensation cancel G41 Tool nose radius compensation left G42 Tool nose radius compensation right G50 Maximum spindle speed setting / Coordinate system setting G70 Finishing cycle G71 Turning cycle (Rough) G72 Facing cycle G73 Pattern repeating cycle G74 End face peck drilling G75 Outer diameter / Internal diameter drilling G76 Multiple thread cutting G96 Constant surface speed
G97 Constant surface speed cancel (constant rpm) G98 Feed per minute G99 Feed per revolution
Miscellaneous functions
M00 Program stop M01 Optional stop M03 Spindle clockwise M04 Spindle counter clockwise M05 Spindle halt M08 Coolant on M09 Coolant off M10 Chuck or collet close M11 Chuck or collet open M30 Program End M40 Chuck outer clamping M41 Chuck inner clamping
Aim: To write the manual part program to given dimensions and execute in CNC Lathe. Material required: Material: Aluminum Size : Diameter 25 mm Length 50 mm Program:
NOTE: G21Dimensionsareinmm G28Homeposition M03SpindleONinclockwisedirection M05 Spindle stop M06 Tool change M30Programstop G90 - Box Turning G 98 Feed in mm/min
Result: Thus the manual part program was written to the given dimensions and executed in CNC Lathe.
TAPER TURNING CYCLE
Aim: To write the manual part program to given dimensions and execute in CNC Lathe. Material required: Material: Aluminum Size : Diameter 25 mm Length 50 mm Program: [BULLET X25 Z30] G21 G98 G28 U0 W0 M06 T02 M03 S1200 G00 X25 Z2 G90 X25 Z-15 R-0.5 F60 X25 R-1 X25 R-1.5 X25 R-2 X25 R-2.5 X25 R-3 X25 R-3.5 X25 R-4 X25 R-4.5 X25 R-5 G28 U0 W0 M05 M30
NOTE: R= IntuI u-PnI u 2
R= 15-25 2
R=-5 mm
G21Dimensionsareinmm G28Homeposition M03Spindle ON in clock wise direction M05 Spindle stop M06 Tool change M30Programstop G90 - Box Turning G 98 Feed in mm/min
Result: Thus the manual part program was written to the given dimensions and executed in CNC Lathe.
TAPER WITH STEP TURNING CYCLE
Aim: To write the manual part program to given dimensions and execute in CNC Lathe. Material required: Material: Aluminum Size : Diameter 25 mm Length 50 mm Program:
R=-5 mm G21Dimensionsareinmm G28Homeposition M03Spindle ON in clockwise direction M05 Spindlestop M06 Toolchange M30Programstop G90 - Box Turning G 98 Feed in mm/min
Result: Thus the manual part program was written to the given dimensions and executed in CNC Lathe.
MILTIPLE TURNING CYCLE
Aim: To write the manual part program to given dimensions and execute in CNC Lathe. Material required: Material: Aluminum Size : Diameter 25 mm Length 50 mm Program:
R1-reliefinmm G71- Multiple turning cycle G71P10Q20U0.1W0.1F45; Where; P10starting block number Q20End block number U0.1finishing allowance in x-axis W0.1finishing allowance in z- axis G70Finishing cycle between first and last line number. Conditions: In the first line number only G01 and X codes must only be written. Z code for the first coordinate must be written in the next line. G71will not work for left downward taper. Between G71 cycle only G01,G02 and G03 must be written.
Result: Thus the manual part program was written to the given dimensions and executed in CNC Lathe.
DRILLING CYCLE
Aim: To write the manual part program to given dimensions and execute in CNC Lathe.
Material required: Material: Aluminum Size : Diameter 25 mm Length 50 mm
Result: Thus the manual part program was written to the given dimensions and executed in CNC Lathe. CNC-Milling Programme
Gcodes G00Rapid Traverse G01Linear interpolation G02Circular interpolationclockwise G03Circular interpolationcounter clockwise G21Dimensions are in mm G28Home position G40Compensation Cancel G50Spindle speed clamp G83Peck drilling cycle G90Absolute coordinate system G91Incremental coordinate system G94Feed in mm/min G170,G171Circular Pocketing G172,G173Rectangular Pocketing M-codes M03Spindle ON in clockwise direction M05 Spindle stop M06 Tool change M10 Chuck open
M11Chuck close M30Program stop M38Door open M39Door close M70Mirroring ON in X-axis M71- Mirroring ON in Y-axis M80Mirroring OFF in X-axis M81Mirroring OFF in Y-axis M98Sub program call statement M99Sub program terminate
LINEAR AND CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION
Aim: To write the manual part program to given dimensions and execute in CNC Milling. Material required: Material: Aluminum Size : Length 100mm, Width 100mm and Thickness 5mm Program:
Result: Thus the manual part program was written to the given dimensions and executed in CNC Milling.
PEAK DRILLING
Aim: To write the manual part program to given dimensions and execute in CNC Milling. Material required: Material: Aluminum Size : Length 100mm, Width 100mm and Thickness 10mm Program: