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1

Identify this caterpillar:


1

Hag moth caterpillar
2

Puss caterpillar
3

Greenback caterpillar
4

Saddleback caterpillar
5

Io caterpillar
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Identify this caterpillar:
4

Saddleback caterpillar
This is the saddleback caterpillar, as it appears that the caterpillar is wearing a saddle.
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Capsaicin causes which of the following?
1

Decreased firing of nerve fibers transmitting pain
2

Increased substance P release
3

Decreased substance P release
4

Blocking the influx of sodium ions into the cell
5

Creating a barrier between nerves and their stimuli
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Capsaicin causes which of the following?
2

Increased substance P release
Repeated substance P release leads to eventual depletion of this agent which causes pain transmission.
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This organism is:
1

Pediculus humanus
2

Pulex irritans
3

Chigoe flea
2

4

Pediculus capitis
5

Pthirus pubis
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This organism is:
5

Pthirus pubis
This is a crab louse. It is shorter and wider than the head and body louse. Note the crab-like claws.
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This snake, the coral snake, is a member of what family?
1

Crotalidae
2

Lepidoptera
3

Elapidae
4

Theraphosidae
5

Apiaceae
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This snake, the coral snake, is a member of what family?
3

Elapidae
The Crotalidae family includes rattlesnakes and copperheads. Lepidoptera are caterpillars. Theraphosidae
is the scientific name for tarantulas. Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) is a plant family which includes parsley,
celery and fennel. Elapidae is the correct family of snakes, including coral snakes.
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A chef presents with bilateral hand cellulitis after several days working with a new raw fish dish.
Cultures grow Streptococcus iniae. What type of fish was he likely working with?
1

Cod
2

Mackerel
3

3

Tilapia
4

Freshwater salmon
5

Farm salmon
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A chef presents with bilateral hand cellulitis after several days working with a new raw fish dish.
Cultures grow Streptococcus iniae. What type of fish was he likely working with?
3

Tilapia
Streptococcus iniae is an important cause of cellulitis, endocarditis, mengingoencephalitis, and
septicemia in fish handlers and cooks. It is found in tilapia, red drum, hybrid striped bass, and rainbow
trout.
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Which of the following infections is caused by a gram-negative rod?
1

Malta fever
2

Farcy
3

Bacillary angiomatosis
4

All of these answers are correct
5

None of these answers are correct
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Which of the following infections is caused by a gram-negative rod?
4

All of these answers are correct
Malta fever is another name for Brucellosis, an infection caused by Brucellae (gram-negative rod). Farcy
is another name for Glanders, an infection with the gram-negative rod Pseudomonas mallei. Bacillary
angiomatosis is caused by infection with Bartonella henselae, a gram-negative rod.
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The majority of phytophotodermatitis is caused by plants from which family?
1

None of these answers are correct
2

Apiaceae
3

Liliaceae
4

Alliaceae
5

Compositae
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The majority of phytophotodermatitis is caused by plants from which family?
2

Apiaceae
The Apiaceae family (formerly Umbelliferae) includes parsley, celery, parsnip, hogweed, and fennel, and
causes the majority of phytophotodermatitis.
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4


The majority of naturally-occurring cases of anthrax:
1

Are extra-cutaneous
2

Are acquired through ingestion of spores
3

Are oropharyngeal
4

Are pulmonary
5

Are cutaneous
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The majority of naturally-occurring cases of anthrax:
5

Are cutaneous
The majority (95%) of naturally-occurring cases of anthrax are of the cutaneous form, acquired from
direct contact with the carcasses of dead sheep, cows, goats, and horses. Naturally-occurring pulmonary,
gastrointestinal (acquired by ingestion of spores) and oropharyngeal infection with anthrax is less
common.
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Which of the following statements regarding Theraphosidae is correct?
1

Bites do not generally produce any systemic toxicity
2

These creatures possess urticating hairs that are of dermatologic significance
3

These creatures can cause visual loss by causing a chronic granulomatous reaction (ophthalmia
nodosa)
4

All of these statements are correct
5

None of these statements are correct
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Which of the following statements regarding Theraphosidae is correct?
4

All of these statements are correct
Theraphosidae (tarantulas) are large, brown to black, hairy spiders frequently found in the southwest.
They are of dermatologic importance due to urticating hairs. Tarantula bites generally do not produce any
systemic toxicity. The spider releases hairs in the direction of the perceived attacker; hairs can penetrate
the skin as deeply as the reticular dermis. If they injure the cornea, they can cause a chronic
granulomatous reaction (ophthalmia nodosa) and loss of vision.
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Which of the following is the most common cause of dermatitis in florists?
1

Calcium oxalate
2

Mechanical dermatitis
3

Tuliposide A
4

Primin
5

Sesquiterpene lactones
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Which of the following is the most common cause of dermatitis in florists?
1

Calcium oxalate
Calcium oxalate is present in the bulbs and stems of Narcissus (daffodil).
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5


On slide preparation, many organisms were noted on this patient, as well as occasional blue macules on
the buttocks. He most likely has:
1

Sarcoptes scabiei infestation
2

Pediculus humanus infestation
3

Chigoe fleas
4

Pediculus capitis infestation
5

Pthirus pubis infestation
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On slide preparation, many organisms were noted on this patient, as well as occasional blue macules on
the buttocks. He most likely has:
5

Pthirus pubis infestation
It is often very easy to find crab lice on physical exam in contrast with scabies. Head lice infestations are
usually limited to the scalp. Body lice are not often found on the patient, more commonly in clothing
seams. Maculae caerulea can be seen in widespread involvement as in this case.
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This tick transmits:
1

Lyme
2

Relapsing fever
3

Rocky mountain spotted fever
4

Erlichiosis
5

Babesiosis
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6


This tick transmits:
3

Rocky mountain spotted fever
This is Dermacentor variabilis which transmits Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever as well as Tularemia.
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Which one of the following diseases is not transmitted by the Ixodes tick?
1

Babesiosis
2

Ehrilichiosis
3

Lyme
4

Tick paralysis
5

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
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Which one of the following diseases is not transmitted by the Ixodes tick?
5

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Babesiosis, ehrlichiosis, Lyme disease, and tick paralysis can all be transmitted by the Ixodes tick. This
tick has three main types: I. pacificus in California, I. ricinus in Europe, and I. scapularis in the eastern
US. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is typically transmitted by Amblyoma americanum or Dermacentor
ticks.
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When doing patch testing for compositae sensitivity, which of the following substances is used?
1

Colophony
2

Pentadecacatechols
3

Rhus
4

Sesquiterpene lactone mix
5

Tuliposide A
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When doing patch testing for compositae sensitivity, which of the following substances is used?
4

Sesquiterpene lactone mix
Colophony cross reacts with turpentine resin, hairpiece adhesive, mascara, dental cement and others.
Pentadecacatechols are in the rhus family and are found in poision ivy, oak and sumac in addition to
cross reacting with mango and cashew. Tuliposide A is found in Peruvian lily (alstomeria), and tulip.
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Which of the following plants are members of the family Rutaceae?
1

Burning bush
2

Bergamot orange
7

3

Rue
4

All of these answers are correct
5

None of these answers are correct
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Which of the following plants are members of the family Rutaceae?
4

All of these answers are correct
The family Rutaceae includes lime, rue, burning bush, bergamot orange, and Hawaiian lei flowers. Plants
from this family commonly cause phytophotodermatitis.
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Match the photo to the plant identified:
1

Poison ivy
2

Gingko
3

Poison oak
4

Mango leaves
5

Poison sumac
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Match the photo to the plant identified:
3

Poison oak
Poison oak is identified by leaf shape - irregular lobing and varied leaf size.
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Strimmer dermatitis is caused by which of the following?
1

M. marinum
2

Pseudomonas
3

Cryptococcus
4

Chervil
5

Lime
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8

Strimmer dermatitis is caused by which of the following?
4

Chervil
Strimmer dermatitis is a phytophotodermatitis caused by spray of plant matter when using a weed-
whacker or similar trimming tool.
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Furocoumarins, such as 5-methoxypsoralen or 8-methoxypsoralen:
1

Cause a photoallergic reaction after contact with the skin, followed by exposure to ultraviolet light
in the 320-400nm range
2

Cause a type IV delayed hypersensitivity reaction after exposure to all wavelengths of UV light
3

Cause a phototoxic reaction after contact with the skin, followed by exposure to ultraviolet light in
the 280-320nm range
4

Cause a phototoxic reaction after contact with the skin, followed by exposure to ultraviolet light in
the 320-400nm range
5

Cause a photoallergic reaction after contact with the skin, followed by exposure to ultraviolet light
in the 280-320nm range
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Furocoumarins, such as 5-methoxypsoralen or 8-methoxypsoralen:
4

Cause a phototoxic reaction after contact with the skin, followed by exposure to ultraviolet light
in the 320-400nm range
Unlike photoallergic reactions, which involve the immune system (type IV or delayed hypersensitivity),
phytophotodermatitis is non-immunologic. Photoallergic reactions are more frequently caused by other,
non-plant sources. Furocoumarins, such as 5-methoxypsoralen or 8-methoxypsoralen, cause a phototoxic
reaction after contact with the skin, followed by exposure to ultraviolet light in the UVA range (320 to
400nm).
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A 22 year-old man presents with an irregular laceration on the dorsal metacarpals following a fist fight in
which he struck someone in the mouth. The tissue surrounding the wound is erythematous, edematous,
indurated, warm, and tender. There is some purulence of the wound. You consider infection with:
1

Pasteurella multocida
2

Eikenella corrodens
3

Capnocytophaga
4

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
5

Pasteurella canis
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A 22 year-old man presents with an irregular laceration on the dorsal metacarpals following a fist fight in
which he struck someone in the mouth. The tissue surrounding the wound is erythematous, edematous,
indurated, warm, and tender. There is some purulence of the wound. You consider infection with:
2

Eikenella corrodens
Human bites may result in infection with Eikenella corrodens, a gram-negative bacillus that is part of the
normal flora of the human mouth. This infection can follow fist fights with blows to the mouth.
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9

This creature can do the following EXCEPT:
1

Be used as a natural control for the tick population
2

Cause anaphylaxis
3

Transmit Yersinia pestis
4

Cause a painful sting
5

Build large characteristic mounds
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This creature can do the following EXCEPT:
3

Transmit Yersinia pestis
This is a fire ant. In some parts of the world, they are used as a natural tick control as they are scavengers
and consumers of tick eggs. They can cause anaphylaxis in an allergic person. They do not transmit
disease. The mounds are characteristic in appearance.
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Name this creature:
1

Demodex folliculorum
2

Ornithonyssus sylviarum
3

Pthirus pubis
4

Pediculus capitis
5

Pediculus humans corporis
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10

Name this creature:
5

Pediculus humans corporis
This is the body louse, or Pediculus humanus var. corporis. The pubic louse (pthirus pubis) is shorter, and
squatter. The head louse (pediculus capitis) has a narrow body.
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This is a:
1

Moth caterpillar
2

Puss caterpillar
3

Woolybear caterpillar
4

Brownbear caterpillar
5

Furrybear caterpillar
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This is a:
3

Woolybear caterpillar
This is a woolybear caterpillar.
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Onions and chives:
1

Contain diallyl disulfide
2

Are members of the family Anacardiacea
3

Contain pentadecylcatechol
4

Are members of the same family as Gingko
5

Cross-react with artichoke in sensitized patients
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Onions and chives:
1

Contain diallyl disulfide
Onions, garlic, and chive are members of the family Alliaceae and contain diallyl disulfide (also
allylpropyl disulfide, allicin).
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11


Which of the following is not a hallmark of allergic contact dermatitis?
1

Eosinophils
2

CD4+ Lymphocytes
3

Langerhans cells
4

Neutrophils
5

Vesicles
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Which of the following is not a hallmark of allergic contact dermatitis?
4

Neutrophils
Langerhans cells present the antigens to CD4+ lymphocytes in the dermis and after traveling through
lymphatics to regional lymph nodes. Eosinophils may also be present. Neutrophils are not characteristic
of this reaction.
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A patient works selling gourmet cheeses and complains of an urticarial and vesicopapular eruption.
Which of the following organisms is most implicated in his condition?
1

Acarus
2

Glyciphagus
3

Pyemotes
4

Dermanyssus
5

Ornithonyssus
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A patient works selling gourmet cheeses and complains of an urticarial and vesicopapular eruption.
Which of the following organisms is most implicated in his condition?
2

Glyciphagus
Food and grain mites can cause papular urticaria or vesicopapular eruptions. Glyciphagus, Acarus, and
Pyemotes are the cheese, grain, and straw itch mites respectively. Dermanyssus and Ornithonyssus are
fowl mites which most often affect office workers, homemakers, and bird fanciers.
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Match the photo to the plant identified:
1

Alliaceae
2

Primulaceae
3

Anacardiacea
4

Compositae
5

Alstromeria
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12


Match the photo to the plant identified:
5

Alstromeria
Alstromeria is pictured.
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A patient develops a chronic granulomatous reaction of the eye after a spider bite near the cornea. The
patient was most likely bitten by which spider?
1

Theraphosidae
2

Lactrodectus mactans
3

Loxosceles reclusa
4

Tegenaria agrestis
5

Lycosidae
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A patient develops a chronic granulomatous reaction of the eye after a spider bite near the cornea. The
patient was most likely bitten by which spider?
1

Theraphosidae
Theaphosidae, or the tarantulas, is a hairy spider that has urticating hairs and can cause ophthalmia
nodosa and blindness if it injures the cornea. Lactrodectus mactans, or the black widow spider, possesses
alpha lactrotoxin that leads to symptoms of systemic toxicity, abdominal pain, paralysis, vomiting, etc.
Loxosceles reclusa, also known as the brown recluse spider, contains sphingomelinase which leads to
extensive gangrene and necrosis. Tegenaria agrestis is the hobo spider which is the leading cause of
necrotic arachnidism in the Pacific Northwest. The Lycosidea spiders, or wolf spiders, cause painful bites
that may lead to lymphangitis or an eschar.
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Lipase is a notable active component of the venom of which of the following spiders?
1

Lycosidae
2

Lactrodectus
3

Hidippus
4

Chiracanthium
5

Loxosceles
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13


Lipase is a notable active component of the venom of which of the following spiders?
4

Chiracanthium
The venom of Chiracanthium (sac spiders) contains lipase. The venom of Lycosidae (wolf spiders) is
notable for histamine; Lactrodectus (black widow spiders) for alpha lactrotoxin; Hidippus (jumping
spiders) for hyaluronidase; and Loxosceles (brown recluse spiders) for sphingomyelinase-D.
Q/Q(M)-478049 Report a Problem
Which of the following mites is also known as the chigger and often causes intense pruritus on the
ankles, legs, or belt line?
1

Ornithonyssus
2

Glyciphagus
3

Demodex
4

Allodermanyssus sanguineus
5

Trombicula alfreddugesi
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Which of the following mites is also known as the chigger and often causes intense pruritus on the
ankles, legs, or belt line?
5

Trombicula alfreddugesi
Trombicula alfreddugesi (chigger mite, harvest mites) frequently causes intense pruritus on the ankles,
legs, or belt line. Contact occurs during summer and fall. In sensitized individuals, papular urticaria,
vesiculation, or a granulomatous reaction with fever and lymphadenopathy may occur. Allodermanyssus
sanguineus (house mouse mite) is the vector of rickettsial pox. Demodex folliculorum is a mite that can
live within the sebaceous glands of hair follicles and may be important in some subsets of patients with
acne rosacea, as well as patients with HIV infection and folliculitis. Glyciphagus (cheese mite) is the
cause of grocer's itch. Ornithonyssus (fowl mite) can carry Western equine encephalitis.
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Ehrlichiosis is classified in two primary forms. These are:
1

Monocytic and granulocytic
2

Endemic and epidemic
3

Intracellular and extracellular
4

Primary and secondary
5

None of these answers are correct
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Ehrlichiosis is classified in two primary forms. These are:
1

Monocytic and granulocytic
Ehrlichiosis comes in two forms: monocytic, which invades mononuclear WBCs, and granulocytic, in
which peripheral PMNs show intracytoplasmic inclusions. Patients present with fever, chills, headache,
and myalgias, along with leukopenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia.
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14

A patient who experiences an allergic contact dermatitis in reaction to an extract from the Pinus palustris
tree may also be sensitized to:
1

Rosin
2

None of these answers are correct
3

Varnish
4

Mascara
5

All of these answers are correct
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A patient who experiences an allergic contact dermatitis in reaction to an extract from the Pinus palustris
tree may also be sensitized to:
5

All of these answers are correct
Colophony, derived from the Pinus palustris tree, may cross react with rosin, medications, mascara,
adhesives, bandages, varnish, wax, paper products, and dental cement.
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Babesia microti:
1

Is pathogenic in an infection that is endemic on Martha's Vineyard
2

Is an intracellular parasite
3

Is transmitted by Ixodes dammini
4

All of these answers are correct
5

None of these answers are correct
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Babesia microti:
4

All of these answers are correct
Babesiosis is caused by an intracellular RBC parasite, Babesia microti. It is transmitted by the larvae of
Ixodes dammini. This disease is endemic in eastern Long Island, Martha's Vineyard, and Nantucket, and
carries an increased risk in those with T-cell depression or after splenectomy. The condition is associated
with fever, drenching sweats, myalgias, and hemolytic anemia.
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Cantharadin is derived from:
1

Ranunculaceae
2

Pentadecacatechol
3

Solanaceae
4

Compositae
5

Lytta vesicatoria
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Cantharadin is derived from:
5

Lytta vesicatoria
Ranunculaceae (buttercup) causes irritant dermatitis. Pentadecacatechol is the rhus antigen found in
15

poison ivy, oak and sumac. Solanaceae (chili pepper) contains capsaicin. Pyrethrin is derived from
compositae (chrysanthemum flower). Lytta vesicatoria (spanish fly) is a blister beetle from which
cantharadin is made.
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Which of the following infections is commonly known to occur from contact with infected sheep?
1

Infectious pustular dermatitis
2

Cutaneous anthrax
3

Oculoglandular syndrome of Parinaud
4

Erysipeloid
5

Infectious pustular dermatitis and cutaneous anthrax
Q/Q(M)-478031 Report a Problem



Which of the following infections is commonly known to occur from contact with infected sheep?
5

Infectious pustular dermatitis and cutaneous anthrax
Infectious pustular dermatitis is another name for orf, or ecthyma contagiosum. It is transmitted to
humans by a parapoxvirus in sheep, goats, and reindeer. Cutaneous anthrax is also called "woolsorter's
disease" and is caused by Bacillus anthracis, a gram-positive rod transmitted from contact with carcasses
of infected sheep, cows, goats, and horses. The oculoglandular syndrome of Parinaud is the combination
of granulomatous conjunctivitis and preauricular lymphadenopathy seen in cat-scratch disease.
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A goat farmer presents with fever and flu-like symptoms, as well as violaceous papulonodules on the
trunk and lower extremities. You consider Malta fever in your differential diagnosis. Which of the
following statements regarding this diagnosis is correct?
1

Treatment is with doxycycline
2

Treatment is with rifampin
3

Skin lesions are infrequently seen
4

All of these answers are correct
5

None of these answers are correct
Q/Q(M)-478029 Report a Problem

A goat farmer presents with fever and flu-like symptoms, as well as violaceous papulonodules on the
trunk and lower extremities. You consider Malta fever in your differential diagnosis. Which of the
following statements regarding this diagnosis is correct?
4

All of these answers are correct
Malta fever is another name for Brucellosis. This infection is caused by ingesting raw goat milk and
unpasteurized goat cheese infected with Brucellae (gram-negative rods). It is infrequent in the US,
occurring mainly in veterinarians and farmers. Acute brucellosis has very non-specific features and
presents as a flu-like illness. Skin lesions are infrequent (20% of cases) but are usually violaceous
papulonodules on the trunk and lower extremities. Treatment is with doxycycline or rifampin.
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16

Phytophotodermatitis is caused by which of the following wavelengths of light?
1

100-200 nm
2

200-290 nm
3

290-320 nm
4

311 nm
5

320-400 nm
Q/Q(M)-474703 Report a Problem

Phytophotodermatitis is caused by which of the following wavelengths of light?
5

320-400 nm
UVA rays are responsible for the phototoxic reaction which occurs with phytophotodermatitis.
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Which of the following contains significant levels of naturally occurring psoralens?
1

Potatos
2

Parsnips
3

Carrots
4

Tomatoes
5

Peas
Q/Q(M)-478613 Report a Problem

Which of the following contains significant levels of naturally occurring psoralens?
2

Parsnips
Significant quantities of psoralens are present in fruits and vegetables such as limes, lemons, figs, and
parsnips. Other furocoumarine(psoralen)-containing plants that can produce phytophotodermatitis are
celery, dill, lime bergamot,parsley, meadow grass, mokihana (Pelea anisata) berries, mustard, and St.
John's wort
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Which snake is part of the Crotalidae family?
1

Rattlesnake
2

Garden snake
3

Water snake
4

Coral snake
5

Cobra
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Which snake is part of the Crotalidae family?
1

Rattlesnake
The Crotalidae family includes rattlesnakes and copperheads. The coral snake is part of the elapidae
family.
17

Q/Q(M)-473939 Report a Problem

Which of the following infections is caused by a gram-positive rod?
1

Erysipeloid of Rosenbach
2

Brucellosis
3

Cat-scratch disease
4

Glanders
5

Milker's nodule
Q/Q(M)-478027 Report a Problem

Which of the following infections is caused by a gram-positive rod?
1

Erysipeloid of Rosenbach
Erysipeloid of Rosenbach is an infection with Erysipelothrix insidiosa or Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae,
gram-positive rods. Brucellosis is caused by infection with Brucellae (gram-negative rod). Cat-scratch
disease is caused by infection with Bartonella henselae, a gram-negative rod. Glanders is caused by
infection with Pseudomonas mallei, a gram-negative rod. Milker's nodule is caused by the paravaccinia
viurs, a parapoxvirus related to the orf virus.
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Ananas comosus causes an irritant dermatitis attributed to which irritant?
1

Phorbol esters
2

Capsaicin
3

Thiocyanates
4

Bromelin
5

Ranunculin
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Ananas comosus causes an irritant dermatitis attributed to which irritant?
4

Bromelin
Ananas comosus is the pineapple. Pineapples contain the irritants bromelin (a proteolytic enzyme) and
calcium oxalate (which causes fissures that grant bromelin access to dermal vessels). Capsaicin is found
in chili peppers. Phorbol esters are found in spurges, crotons, poinsettas, and machineel trees.
Thiocyanates are found in garlic, mustard, and radishes. Ranunculin is found in buttercups.
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When bitten with the spider in the photograph, the active agent in the venom is:
1

Alpha lactrotoxin
2

Histamine
3

Hyaluronidase
4

Lipase
5

Sphingomyelinase-D
Q/Q(M)-474965 Report a Problem
18




When bitten with the spider in the photograph, the active agent in the venom is:
1

Alpha lactrotoxin
This is a black widow spider which can be identifiec by its shiny black body with characteristic white
hourglass marking on the abdomen.
Q/Q(M)-474965 Report a Problem
Mechanical irritant dermatitis can be caused by:
1

Glochids
2

Stinging nettles
3

Bromelin
4

Capsacin
5

All of these answers are correct
Q/Q(M)-477931 Report a Problem

Mechanical irritant dermatitis can be caused by:
1

Glochids
Mechanical irritant dermatitis can be caused by the direct effects of thorns and barbs. Small glochids
(barbed hairs or brisles) or large thorns (on cacti for example) can become imbedded into the skin
causing injury and resultant dermatitis. Secondary infection can be caused by microorganism inoculation.
Q/Q(M)-477931 Report a Problem

Which of the following plants are members of the Solanaceae family?
1

Prickly pear
2

Chili pepper
3

Garlic
4

Radish
5

Crotons
Q/Q(M)-477934 Report a Problem


Which of the following plants are members of the Solanaceae family?
2

Chili pepper
Chili peppers belong to the Solanaceae family. Prickly pears (Opuntia vulgaris), crotons (Euphorbiaceae
family), garlic (Alliaceae family), and radishes (Brassicaceae family) are not members of this family.
Q/Q(M)-477934 Report a Problem
19

This patient complains of intense itching at this site. KOH examination is negative. She denies any recent
travel, however does take her 2 year old to the local playground where there is a sandbox. Which of the
following is appropriate?
1

Obviously this is dermatophyte despite a negative KOH. Treat with topical antifungals
2

Inform the patient she is contagious and should isolate herself from her children
3

Slowly extract the organism
4

Give her clobetasol ointment
5

Treat with po ivermectin
Q/Q(M)-474964 Report a Problem


This patient complains of intense itching at this site. KOH examination is negative. She denies any recent
travel, however does take her 2 year old to the local playground where there is a sandbox. Which of the
following is appropriate?
5

Treat with po ivermectin
This is hookworm, or cutaneous larva migrans; systemic ivermectin or topical thiobendazole would be
appropriate treatments. The causative organism is the larvae of Ancylostoma braziliensis or A. canium.
Q/Q(M)-474964 Report a Problem

Which of these mites is the most likely cause of a pruritic papulovesicular eruption in a baker?
1

Dermatophagoides
2

Dermanyssus
3

Acarus
4

Cheyletiella
5

none of the above
Q/Q(M)-477826 Report a Problem

Which of these mites is the most likely cause of a pruritic papulovesicular eruption in a baker?
3

Acarus
Acarus (grain mite) causes so-called "baker's itch." Dermatophagoides (dust mite) causes allergic
reactions, Dermanyssus (fowl mite) causes equine encephalitis, and Cheyletiella causes walking dandruff
in dogs and cats.
Q/Q(M)-477826 Report a Problem

The reaction caused by this plant is mediated by:
1

Langerhans cells
20

2

Eosinophils
3

IgE
4

Mast cells
5

Histamine
Q/Q(M)-474411 Report a Problem


The reaction caused by this plant is mediated by:
1

Langerhans cells
This is ragweed, which causes allergic contact dermatitis. Mast cells, IgE and histamine are characteristic
of contact urticaria. Allergic contact dermatitis is caused by langerhans cells presenting antigen to CD4+
lymphocytes leading to a cell-mediated delayed hypersentitivity reaction.
Q/Q(M)-474411 Report a Problem

Patients with an allergy to the compositae family may have an allergic reaction to which of the following
drugs?
1

Pyruvic acid
2

Pyrethrins
3

Psoralens
4

Propylene glycol
5

Pseudoephedrine
Q/Q(M)-474712 Report a Problem
Patients with an allergy to the compositae family may have an allergic reaction to which of the following
drugs?
2

Pyrethrins
Pyrethrins are derived from chrysanthemum flowers. Patients with allergy to these flowers or ragweed
may experience allergic symptoms after using pyrethrins.
Q/Q(M)-474712 Report a Problem
Which of the following statements regarding Megalopyge opercularis is correct?
1

Are also called "bed bugs" by lay people
2

Contact with this creature often causes immediate pain, urticaria, and erythematous papules or
purpura in a tram-track pattern
3

Bites are usually asymptomatic, initially, but then form linear purpuric macules
4

These creatures can be vectors of many diseases from typhus to plague
21

5

These creatures, found in Hawaii, are nocturnal carnivores that produce painful wounds by
discharging venom
Q/Q(M)-478056 Report a Problem

Which of the following statements regarding Megalopyge opercularis is correct?
2

Contact with this creature often causes immediate pain, urticaria, and erythematous papules or
purpura in a tram-track pattern
Megalopyge opercularis (puss caterpillar) is one of the most widespread causes of caterpillar dermatitis.
Contact with this creature often causes immediate pain, urticaria, and erythematous papules or purpura in
a tram-track pattern. Bites of Cimicidae (bedbugs) are usually asymptomatic, initially, but then form
linear purpuric macules. Fleas can be vectors of many diseases from typhus to plague. Chilopoda
(centipedes) are nocturnal carnivores that produce painful wounds by discharging venom. Scolopendra is
a species of centipede found in Hawaii.
Q/Q(M)-478056 Report a Problem
A butcher presents with numerous verrucous papules of the hands and fingers. Based on her occupation,
you consider a diagnosis of infection with which HPV types?
1

HPV 16 and 18
2

HPV 1 and 2
3

HPV 2 and 7
4

HPV 6 and 8
5

HPV is not associated with this condition
Q/Q(M)-478030 Report a Problem

A butcher presents with numerous verrucous papules of the hands and fingers. Based on her occupation,
you consider a diagnosis of infection with which HPV types?
3

HPV 2 and 7
Meat, fish, and poultry handlers often suffer from hand and finger verrucae, usually caused by human
papilloma virus types 2 and 7.
Q/Q(M)-478030 Report a Problem

A 52 year-old gardener presents with innumerable linear hyperpigmented streaks across the chest and
arms. He states that several weeks previously he had a painful, erythematous, blistering eruption at the
same site. The most likely botanical cause for this eruption is:
1

Hogweed
2

Peruvian lily
3

Plants of the Alliaceae family
4

Ragweed
5

Lime
Q/Q(M)-477970 Report a Problem

A 52 year-old gardener presents with innumerable linear hyperpigmented streaks across the chest and
arms. He states that several weeks previously he had a painful, erythematous, blistering eruption at the
same site. The most likely botanical cause for this eruption is:
22

1

Hogweed
The gardener has so-called "strimmer dermatitis." The use of a weed-whacker may result in a spray of
weeds (such as cow parsley, wild chervil, and hogweed) leading to this phytophotodermatitis on exposed
areas such as the chest and arms.
Q/Q(M)-477970 Report a Problem

Leishmania donovani is transmitted by:
1

Callitroga americana
2

Phlebotomus
3

Glossina
4

Attagenus megatoma
5

Anopheles
Q/Q(M)-478057 Report a Problem

Leishmania donovani is transmitted by:
2

Phlebotomus
Leishmania donovani is transmitted by Phlebotomid sandflies. Callitroga americana is the most important
cause of cutaneous myiasis in the United States. Glossina, the tsetse fly, transmits sleeping sickness.
Attagenus megatoma is a carpet beetle, the larvae of which can cause an allergic contact dermatitis.
Anopheles mosquitoes transmit malaria.
Q/Q(M)-478057 Report a Problem

A previously healthy 25-year-old man presents to the ER 8 hours after experiencing an extremely painful
spider bite. The bite site is erythematous and indurated, without necrosis or eschar. The patient is
vomitting and experiencing chills, violent cramps, and abdominal pain and rigidity. The surgical
consultant suspects an acute abdomen. You correctly propose that:
1

The patient needs anti-venom after a likely Lactrodectus bite
2

The patient has likely experienced a hobo spider bite
3

The patient needs anti-venom after a likely Phidippus formosus bite
4

The patient has a likely Lycosidae bite and needs supportive care
5

The patient has a likely Loxosceles bite and should go to the OR for excision and debridement
Q/Q(M)-478050 Report a Problem

A previously healthy 25-year-old man presents to the ER 8 hours after experiencing an extremely painful
spider bite. The bite site is erythematous and indurated, without necrosis or eschar. The patient is
vomitting and experiencing chills, violent cramps, and abdominal pain and rigidity. The surgical
consultant suspects an acute abdomen. You correctly propose that:
1

The patient needs anti-venom after a likely Lactrodectus bite
The patient has signs and symptoms a black widow spider bite, caused by Lactrodectus. Anti-venom may
be helpful up to 90 hours after the bite.
Q/Q(M)-478050 Report a Problem
Insects from the species pictured:
1

Transmit malaria
23

2

Trasmit yellow fever
3

Transmit dengue fever
4

Transmit malaria and yellow fever
5

Trasmit yellow fever and dengue fever
Q/Q(M)-477870 Report a Problem



Insects from the species pictured:
5

Trasmit yellow fever and dengue fever
The insect pictured is an Aedes mosquito. Aedes transmits yellow fever and dengue fever. Anopheles
mosquitoes transmit malaria.
Q/Q(M)-477870 Report a Problem


Solenopsin D is a:
1

Hemolytic factor
2

Phospholipase
3

Piperdine derivative
4

Histamine-releaser
5

Hemolytic factor, piperdine derivative, histamine-releaser
Q/Q(M)-474406 Report a Problem


Solenopsin D is a:
5

Hemolytic factor, piperdine derivative, histamine-releaser
Solenopsin D is a venom which is a hemolytic factor, a piperidine derative and leads to histamine release.
The venom from honeybeeds contains phospholipase A .
24

Q/Q(M)-474406 Report a Problem

A butchers nodule is caused by which of the following?
1

HPV 24
2

HPV 16, 18
3

HPV 1
4

HPV 2, 7
5

HPV 13, 32
Q/Q(M)-474706 Report a Problem

A butchers nodule is caused by which of the following?
4

HPV 2, 7
HPV 24 causes common warts. HPV 16 and 18 are found in genital warts; 1 is for plantar warts and types
13 and 32 are seen in Hecks Disease (focal epithelial hyperplasia).
Q/Q(M)-474706 Report a Problem

A 45-year old man had exposure to an exotic pet and afterwards develops fevers and a rash. He is
diagnosed with epidemic typhus. Which of the following animals did he most likely come in contact
with?
1

Hedgehog
2

Iguana
3

Chinchilla
4

Cockatoo
5

Flying squirrel
Q/Q(M)-482233 Report a Problem

A 45-year old man had exposure to an exotic pet and afterwards develops fevers and a rash. He is
diagnosed with epidemic typhus. Which of the following animals did he most likely come in contact
with?
5

Flying squirrel
Flying squirrels can be carriers of many infections including Toxoplasma gondii, Staphylococcus, and
Rickettsia prowazekki, the latter of which causes epidemic typhys. African and European hedgehogs
have been known to transmit salmonella and Mycobacterium marinum, respectively. Iguanas have been
demonstrated to be carriers of Serratia marcescens, a herpes-type virus, and salmonella. Chinchillas are
frequently colonized with Trichophyton mentagrophytes and gram-negative bacteria like Klebsiella
pneumoniae which can be dangerous especially in immunocompromised patients. Cockatoos and pigeons
can transmit Cryptococcus neoformans.
Q/Q(M)-482233 Report a Problem



Sharp hairs on plants of the Urticaceae family contain which of the following toxins that are released into
the skin causing rapid edema, pruritus, and burning?
1

Histamine
2

Serotonin
25

3

Acetylcholine
4

All of these answers are correct
5

Histamine and acetylcholine
Q/Q(M)-477930 Report a Problem

Sharp hairs on plants of the Urticaceae family contain which of the following toxins that are released into
the skin causing rapid edema, pruritus, and burning?
4

All of these answers are correct
Sharp hairs on plants such as stinging nettles (Urticaceae family) contain toxins (histamine, serotonin,
and acetylcholine) which are released into the skin causing rapid edema, pruritus, and burning.
Q/Q(M)-477930 Report a Problem

The vector for Babesia microti is also a vector for:
1

None of these answers are correct
2

All of these answers are correct
3

Francisella tularensis
4

Rickettsia rickettsii
5

Borrelia burgdorferi
Q/Q(M)-477865 Report a Problem

The vector for Babesia microti is also a vector for:
5

Borrelia burgdorferi
The vector for Babesia microti, the pathogenic organism of babesiosis, is Ixodes dammini, which is also a
vector for Borrelia burgdorferi, the pathogenic organism of Lyme borreliosis. Francisella tularensis (the
pathogenic organism of tularemia) is transmitted by Dermacentor andersoni and Dermacentor variabilis.
Rickettsia rickettsii (the pathogenic organism of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever) is transmitted by
Dermacentor andersoni, Dermacentor variabilis, and Amblyomma americanum.
Q/Q(M)-477865 Report a Problem
The necrosis and hemolysis that can result from a brown recluse spider bite may be attributed to which of
the following toxins?
1

Alpha lactrotoxin
2

Sphingomyelinase-D
3

Histamine
4

Hyaluronidase
5

Lipase
Q/Q(M)-478048 Report a Problem

The necrosis and hemolysis that can result from a brown recluse spider bite may be attributed to which of
the following toxins?
2

Sphingomyelinase-D
The brown recluse spider (Loxosceles reclusa) is a tan spider with a violin-shaped marking on the
26

abdomen. Its bite may be painless, however the patient may develop erythema, a vesicle, and eventual
necrosis. This may result in the "red, white, and blue sign." Systemic reactions (viscerocutaneous
loxoscelism) may occur. The venom contains several toxins, however sphingomyelinase D seems to be
causative of the necrosis and hemolysis.
Q/Q(M)-478048 Report a Problem

Ticks of the species shown:
1

Can transmit Lyme borreliosis and tularemia
2

Can transmit Lyme borreliosis but not Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever or tularemia
3

Can transmit Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and Lyme borreliosis
4

Can transmit Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and tularemia
5

Can transit tularemia but not Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Q/Q(M)-477869 Report a Problem

Ticks of the species shown:
4

Can transmit Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and tularemia
The tick pictured is a male Dermacentor variabilis tick. Dermacentor variabilis can transmit Rocky
Mountain Spotted Fever and tularemia. Lyme borreliosis is transmitted by Ixodes dammini, Ixodes
pacificus, and Amblyomma americanum.
Q/Q(M)-477869 Report a Problem

Which of the following plants contains thiocyanates that can cause an irritant dermatitis?
1

Garlic
2

Mustard
3

Radish
4

Plants of the Brassicaceae family
5

All of these answers are correct
Q/Q(M)-477936 Report a Problem

Which of the following plants contains thiocyanates that can cause an irritant dermatitis?
5

All of these answers are correct
27

Thiocyanates are found in garlic (Alliaceae family), mustard, and radish (Brassicaceae family).
Q/Q(M)-477936 Report a Problem

All of the following plants commonly cause a phytophotodermatitis except:
1

Hawaiian lei flowers
2

Ficus carica
3

Celery
4

Myroxylon balsamum
5

All of these plants commonly cause a phytophotodermatitis
Q/Q(M)-477971 Report a Problem
All of the following plants commonly cause a phytophotodermatitis except:
4

Myroxylon balsamum
Myroxylon balsamum is the source of Balsam of Peru, a common sensitizer of allergic contact dermatitis.
Hawaiian lei flowers, Ficus carica (fig tree), and celery all are known to commonly cause
phytophotodermatitis.
Q/Q(M)-477971 Report a Problem

If suspicious for scabies infestation, which of the following areas is least likely to be involved?
1

Fingerwebs
2

Nipples
3

External genitalia
4

Occipital scalp
5

Umbilicus
Q/Q(M)-474415 Report a Problem

If suspicious for scabies infestation, which of the following areas is least likely to be involved?
4

Occipital scalp
Erythematous papules and burrows are commonly seen in webspaces, nipples, external genitalia,
umbilicus and axilla in sarcoptes scabiei infestation.
Q/Q(M)-474415 Report a Problem

Ophthalmia nodosa may result following injury by which of the following creatures?
1

Theraphosidae
2

Chironex
3

Lactrodectus
4

Cheyletiella
5

Loxosceles
Q/Q(M)-482841 Report a Problem

Ophthalmia nodosa may result following injury by which of the following creatures?
28

1

Theraphosidae
Tarantulas are relatively large, hair spiders belonging to the Theraphosidae family. Many are kept as
household pets given their longevity (they may live to 20 years or more) and slow-moving, relatively
sedentary lifestyle. However, when agitated, tarantulas may engage in rubbing their hind legs against
their abdomen, resulting in release of numerous urticating, barbed hairs. These projectile hairs may then
lodge in the conjunctiva, cornea, iris, or even retina, resulting in multifocal and chronic granulomatous
inflammation known as ophthalmia nodosa. Similar reactions may be seen secondary to ocular
penetration of the sensory setae of caterpillars.
Q/Q(M)-482841 Report a Problem

Flying squirrels can carry many infections, including which of the following?
1

Epidemic typhus
2

Staphlyococcus sp
3

Toxoplasma gondii
4

none of these infections are correct
5

all of these infections are correct
Q/Q(M)-477796 Report a Problem
Flying squirrels can carry many infections, including which of the following?
5

all of these infections are correct
Flying squirrels can carry many infections, including Toxoplasma gondii, Staphylococcus sp., and
Rickettsia prowazekii (via the body lous, causing epidemic typhus).
Q/Q(M)-477796 Report a Problem

A 54 year-old man with psoriatic arthritis on methotrexate and infliximab calls you after he is bitten
deeply on the ankle by his daughter's 2 year-old Chihuahua. He is concerned that his
immunocompromised status puts him at risk for infection and potential complications from this bite. You
correctly tell him:
1

As long as the dog has been vaccinated, he need not worry about serious infections
2

Capnocytophaga from dog bites can cause sepsis in immunocompromised victims
3

Eikenella corrodens is the most common cause of infection following dog bites
4

Pasteurella multocida infection is frequent after dog bites but not cat bites
5

Rickettsial pox can be seen after dog bites
Q/Q(M)-478036 Report a Problem

A 54 year-old man with psoriatic arthritis on methotrexate and infliximab calls you after he is bitten
deeply on the ankle by his daughter's 2 year-old Chihuahua. He is concerned that his
immunocompromised status puts him at risk for infection and potential complications from this bite. You
correctly tell him:
2

Capnocytophaga from dog bites can cause sepsis in immunocompromised victims
Local infection and cellulitis is a concern following domesticated animal bites; vaccination may prevent
against rabies, but not other infections. Cat bites most frequently result in Pasteurella multocida
infections, while dog bites result in Pasteurella canis. However, most bites are polymicrobial with mixed
29

aerobes and anaerobes. Infrequently systemic infections may result in brain or lung abscess, endocarditis,
or sepsis. Sepsis is more frequent in immunocompromised victims and may be due to Capnocytophaga or
Pasteurella.
Q/Q(M)-478036 Report a Problem

All of the following are food mites except:
1

Acarus
2

Tyrophagus
3

Glyciphagus
4

Dermatophagoides
5

All of the listed answers are food mites
Q/Q(M)-477830 Report a Problem

All of the following are food mites except:
4

Dermatophagoides
Acarus (grain mite), Tyrophagus (grocery mite), and Glyciphagus (cheese mite) are all food mites that
ingest foodstuffs. They can produce papular urticaria or vesicopapular eruptions. Dermatophagoides is
the dust mite, and causes environmental allergic reactions.
Q/Q(M)-477830 Report a Problem

Which of the following contains active furocoumarins?
1

Lichens
2

Chrysanthemum
3

Fig
4

Mango
5

Primrose
Q/Q(M)-474708 Report a Problem

Which of the following contains active furocoumarins?
3

Fig
The fig tree may cause a phytophotodermatitis.
Q/Q(M)-474708 Report a Problem

Which creature is a human flea that can also be seen on dogs?
1

Pulex irritans
2

Ctenocephalides canis
3

Lytta vesicatoria
4

Liponyssoides sanuineus
5

Pediculus humanus
Q/Q(M)-478053 Report a Problem

30

Which creature is a human flea that can also be seen on dogs?
1

Pulex irritans
Pulex irritans is the human flea; it can also be seen on dogs. More frequent infestations on domestic
animals are by Ctenocephalides felis and canis (on cats and dogs respectively). Lytta vesicatoria is a
blister beetle from which cantharadin is derived. Pediculus humanus var. corporis is the human body
louse.
Q/Q(M)-478053 Report a Problem

Which family of plants is most commonly implicated in phytophotodermatitis caused by furocoumarins?
1

Apiaceae
2

Rutaceae
3

Moraceae
4

Papilonaceae
5

Compositae
Q/Q(M)-476783 Report a Problem
Which family of plants is most commonly implicated in phytophotodermatitis caused by furocoumarins?
1

Apiaceae
The Apiaceae (formerly umbelliferae) family is the most common cause of phytophotodermatitis. The
members of this family include cow parsley, celery, wild parsnip, false bishop's weed, giant hogweed,
angelica, meadow grass, fennel, wild carrot, caraway, and coriander.
Q/Q(M)-476783 Report a Problem

The insect pictured is:
1

A vector of relapsing fever
2

A vector of Lyme borreliosis
3

A vector of babesiosis
4

The cause of maculae cerulea
5

Ornithonyssus
Q/Q(M)-477867 Report a Problem


31

The insect pictured is:
2

A vector of Lyme borreliosis
The insect pictured is a female Amblyomma americanum tick. This tick can serve as a vector for Lyme
borreliosis and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. Relapsing fever is transmitted by Ornithodoros moubata.
Babesiosis is trasnmitted by Ixodes dammini. Maculae cerulea are seen in severe cases of crab lice.
Ornithonyssus is the fowl mite.
Q/Q(M)-477867 Report a Problem

Which of the following mites is a cause of "walking dandruff" in dogs and cats?
1

All of these answers are correct
2

None of these answers are correct
3

Cheyletiella
4

Acarus
5

Allodermanyssus sanguineus
Q/Q(M)-477858 Report a Problem

Which of the following mites is a cause of "walking dandruff" in dogs and cats?
3

Cheyletiella
Cheyletiella mites are harbored by dogs and cats and cause walking dandruff. The pet is asymptomatic,
but people handling the pet may experience pruritus when mites feed on skin. Diagnosis is by
microscopic examination of cellophane tape applied to the pet's skin. Acarus is the grain mite, and causes
baker's itch. Allodermanyssus sanguineus is the house mouse mite, and the vector of rickettsial pox.
Q/Q(M)-477858 Report a Problem

Which of these spiders is bright green with red spots, with black spines on its legs?
1

Phidippus formosus
2

Loxosceles reclusa
3

Latrodectus mactans
4

Peucetia viridans
5

Centruroides sculpturatus
Q/Q(M)-478047 Report a Problem

Which of these spiders is bright green with red spots, with black spines on its legs?
4

Peucetia viridans
Peucetia viridans (green lynx spider) is common in the southern United States. It is bright green with red
spots; the legs have black spines. The bite is painful, with tenderness and pruritus. Phidippus formosus
(jumping spider) is an aggressive spider with dark body hairs and various white patterns. They are the
most common biting spiders in the United States. Loxosceles reclusa (brown recluse) is a tan spider with
a violin-shaped marking on the abdomen. The bite may be painless, however the patient may develop
erythema, a vesicle, and eventual necrosis. Latrodectus mactans (black widow) is a large, black, shiny
spider with an hourglass shaped white or red marking on the abdomen. Bites are acutely painful, and may
swell but do not cause necrosis; the venom contains neurotoxins. Centruroides sculpturatus is a primary
scorpion species in the U.S.
Q/Q(M)-478047 Report a Problem
32

Poison sumac is:
1

A member of the Toxicodendron genus
2

A source of tuliposide A
3

The common name for Myroxylon balsamum
4

The common name for Pinus palustris
5

A source of colophony
Q/Q(M)-477940 Report a Problem

Poison sumac is:
1

A member of the Toxicodendron genus
Poison ivy, oak, and sumac are members of the Anacardiacea family, Toxicodendron genus. Alstromeria
(Peruvian lily) is the source of tuliposide A. Myroxylon balsamum is the source of Balsam of Peru. The
Pinus palustris tree is the source of colophony.
Q/Q(M)-477940 Report a Problem

Identify this insect:
1

Tabanid fly
2

Water flea
3

Tsetse fly
4

Reduviid bug
5

Black fly
Q/Q(M)-476859 Report a Problem


Identify this insect:
1

Tabanid fly
The insect indentified is a fly of the Tabanid family, which encompasses horseflies and deerflies. The
genus Chrysops of this family is the vector for loiasis. Clinical manifestations of this infection include
painful, localized subcutaneous nonpitting edema, calabar swellings and eosinophila. Conjunctival
migrations are common.
Q/Q(M)-476859 Report a Problem

Which of the following plant families commonly causes phytophotodermatitis?
1

Rubiaceae
33

2

Compositae
3

Urticaceae
4

Ranunculaceae
5

Apiaceae
Q/Q(M)-474711 Report a Problem
Which of the following plant families commonly causes phytophotodermatitis?
5

Apiaceae
The Apiaceae family (formerly Umbelliferae) includes parsley, celery, parsnip, hogweed, and fennel, all
potential causes of phytophotodermatitis.
Q/Q(M)-474711 Report a Problem

A veterinarian presents with an edematous pustule on the right arm, with nodules along the lymphatic
drainage route. You consider a diagnosis of glanders. What treatment do you recommend?
1

Reassurance. No treatment is necessary, as infection is self-limited and should resolve within 6
weeks
2

Antibiotic treatment with streptomycin combined with tetracycline
3

Surgical excision
4

Surgical excision followed by antibiotic treatment with streptomycin combined with tetracycline
5

Surgical excision followed by antibiotic treatment with rifampin and ethambutol
Q/Q(M)-478034 Report a Problem
A veterinarian presents with an edematous pustule on the right arm, with nodules along the lymphatic
drainage route. You consider a diagnosis of glanders. What treatment do you recommend?
4

Surgical excision followed by antibiotic treatment with streptomycin combined with
tetracycline
Farcy, or glanders, is caused by infection with the gram-negative rod Burkholderia mallei. It most
frequently infects horses, donkeys, and mules; humans can occasionally also be infected. An edematous
nodule, pustule, or vesicle develops at the inoculation site. Nodules are often present along the lymphatic
drainage route and are called "farcy buds." Importantly, nasal ulceration and septum perforation can be
caused by glanders. A chronic form leads to deep, painful abscesses. Treatment is with surgical excision
of the lesion followed by streptomycin combined with tetracycline.
Q/Q(M)-478034 Report a Problem
Identify this tick:
1

Ixodes dammini
2

Dermacentor andersoni
3

Dermacentor variabilis
4

Amblyomma americanum
5

Rhipicephalus sanguineus
Q/Q(M)-474410 Report a Problem
34


Identify this tick:
4

Amblyomma americanum
This is Amblyomma americanum which transmits Lyme as well as RMSF.
Q/Q(M)-474410 Report a Problem

This patient acquired an infection with a microorganism that may have been inoculated into the skin from
contact with:
1

All of these answers are correct
2

None of these answers are correct
3

Grasses
4

Sphagnum moss
5

Rose thorns
Q/Q(M)-477933 Report a Problem


This patient acquired an infection with a microorganism that may have been inoculated into the skin from
contact with:
1

All of these answers are correct
This patient has sporotrichosis, which is caused by Sporothrix schenckii. Sporothrix schenckii can be
inoculated into the skin by grasses, sphagnum moss, and rose thorns.
Q/Q(M)-477933 Report a Problem



35


Identify this plant:
1

Alstromeria
2

Toxicodentron
3

Myroxylon balsamum
4

Ragweed
5

Primrose
Q/Q(M)-474404 Report a Problem


Identify this plant:
5

Primrose
This is primrose (primulaceae) a cause of allergic contact dermatitis.
Q/Q(M)-474404 Report a Problem

A patient comes to you with complaints of numerous erythematous pruritic papules under her bathing suit
after swimming in the ocean. What is the most likely diagnosis?
1

Swimmers itch
2

Hot tub folliculitis
3

Seabathers eruption
4

Hydrozoa contact
5

Nematocyst stings
Q/Q(M)-474713 Report a Problem

A patient comes to you with complaints of numerous erythematous pruritic papules under her bathing suit
after swimming in the ocean. What is the most likely diagnosis?
3

Seabathers eruption
Sea bathers eruption is seen after ocean exposure and can be intensely pruritic. It is due to jellyfish
larvae (Linuche unguiculata) and can be prevented by rinsing off soon after coming out of the water.
Swimmers itch is a cercarial dermatitis caused by avian schistosomes which occurs after freshwater
exposure. It is usually seen on exposed areas. Portuguese man of war (hydrozoa) stings can lead to
hemorrhagic lesions with vesiculations.
Q/Q(M)-474713 Report a Problem

Which organism causes peliosis?
36

1

Brucellae
2

Pseudomonas mallei
3

Bartonella hensalae
4

Burkholderia pseudomallei
5

Bacillus anthracis
Q/Q(M)-482236 Report a Problem

Which organism causes peliosis?
3

Bartonella hensalae
Peliosis hepatitis are seen in bacillary angiomatosis caused by Bartonella henselae which usually occurs
in patients with AIDS. Brucelliosis is also known as Malta fever and is caused by ingesting raw goat mil
and unpasteurized goat cheese; skin lesions occur in 20% of patients as violaceous papulonodules on the
trunk and legs. Burkholderia pseudomallei causes Whitmore disease or meliodosis characterized by
pulmonary disease and septicemia. Anthrax is caused by Bacillus anthracis, a gram-positive rod, and can
cause pulmonary, gastrointestinal, or cutaneous disease.
Q/Q(M)-482236 Report a Problem

Which of the following statements regarding orf is correct?
1

The papillomatous stage of lesion progression preceeds the regenerative stage
2

Lesions last indefinitely without treatment
3

The papular stage of lesion progression follows the target stage
4

Orf is also known as "pseudocowpox."
5

The virus is very sturdy and survives many months in cold weather
Q/Q(M)-478033 Report a Problem
Which of the following statements regarding orf is correct?
5

The virus is very sturdy and survives many months in cold weather
Orf, also known as ecthyma contagiosum or infectious pustular dermatitis, is transmitted to humans by a
parapoxvirus in sheep, goats, and reindeer. This is a self-limited condition with an excellent prognosis
lasting approximately 6 weeks. Lesion morphology changes through a series of stages: papular (red,
elevated) -> target (nodule with red center, white middle ring, red periphery) --> acute (red, weeping) -->
regenerative (thin, dry crust overlying lesion) --> papillomatous --> regressive. The virus is very sturdy
and survives many months in cold weather. Milker's nodule, caused by the paravaccinia virus (a
parapoxvirus, related to the orf virus), infects cows and can be transmitted to dairy workers, and is also
known as pseudocowpox.
Q/Q(M)-478033 Report a Problem

Immunologic contact urticaria is frequently caused by:
1

Hevea brasiliensis
2

Plants of the Urticaceae family
3

Plants of the Euphorbiacea family
4

All of these answers are correct
5

None of these answers are correct
37

Q/Q(M)-477928 Report a Problem

Immunologic contact urticaria is frequently caused by:
1

Hevea brasiliensis
Contact urticaria occurs after direct contact, and can be immunologic (IgE) or non-immunologic (toxin-
mediated). Type I hypersensitivity, or IgE mediated reactions, require previous sensitization. Frequent
causes of immunologic eruptions include latex proteins (Hevea brasiliensis). Plants such as stinging
nettles (Urticaceae family) and spurge nettle (Euphorbiaceas) cause nonimmunologic urticaria, which
occurs without previous sensitization in any host.
Q/Q(M)-477928 Report a Problem

Match the photo to the plant identified:
1

Poison ivy
2

Gingko
3

Poison oak
4

Mango leaves
5

Poison sumac
Q/Q(M)-474968 Report a Problem



Match the photo to the plant identified:
5

Poison sumac
Poison sumac leaves grow in groupings of 7-13 with a single leaf at the tip.
Q/Q(M)-474968 Report a Problem

The venom from which of the following creatures contains phospholipase A?
1

Theraphosidae
2

Honeybee
3

Cimicidae
4

Ctenocephalides canis
5

Solenopsis invicta
Q/Q(M)-478052 Report a Problem

The venom from which of the following creatures contains phospholipase A?
2

Honeybee
38

Honeybees (Hymenoptera) leave a barbed ovipositor and paired venom sacs impaled into their victim.
The honeybee dies after stinging, but other hymenoptera do not. The venom from the honeybee contains
phospholipase A. Theraphosidae (tarantulas) are of dermatologic importance due to the presence of
urticating hairs. Cimicidae (bedbugs) cause initially asymptomatic bites that then form linear, purpuric,
pruritic macules and erythematous papules. Ctenocephalides canis is a flea that causes frequent
infestations on dogs. Solenopsis invicta is the imported fire ant, and attacks in groups. Solenopsis inject a
venom that contains a hemolytic factor, solenopsin D.
Q/Q(M)-478052 Report a Problem

Unilateral swelling of the eyelid at the site of the bite of the assassin bug is called what?
1

Unilateral Chagas' disease
2

Romana's sign
3

Rothschild's sign
4

Russell's sign
5

Raynaud's sign
Q/Q(M)-473940 Report a Problem

Unilateral swelling of the eyelid at the site of the bite of the assassin bug is called what?
2

Romana's sign
Rothschild's sign is alopecia of the lateral 1/3 of the eyebrows secondary to hypothyroidism. Russell's
sign is the development of callouses on the dorsal dominant hand. Raynaud's sign is the development of
acrocyanosis.
Q/Q(M)-473940 Report a Problem
A 47 year old park ranger developed a diffuse, erythematous, eczematous eruption after fighting a forest
fire. What is the most likely allergen causing this airborn contact dermatitis?
1

Diallyl disulfide
2

Pyrethrins
3

Alphamethylene
4

Psoralen
5

D-usnic acid
Q/Q(M)-476782 Report a Problem

A 47 year old park ranger developed a diffuse, erythematous, eczematous eruption after fighting a forest
fire. What is the most likely allergen causing this airborn contact dermatitis?
5

D-usnic acid
Lichen causes airborne allergic contact dermatitis in lumberjacks, forest workers, and people exposed to
firewood, funeral wreaths, and masculine fragrances. The primary allergen is d-usnic acid.
Q/Q(M)-476782 Report a Problem

Cantharidin creates a vesicle by which of the following mechanisms?
1

Disruption of keratinocyte-keratinocyte adhesion
2

Instability of the hemidesmosome
39

3

Subcorneal layer separation
4

Antibodies to desmosomal proteins
5

Local recruitment of neutrophils
Q/Q(M)-474705 Report a Problem

Cantharidin creates a vesicle by which of the following mechanisms?
1

Disruption of keratinocyte-keratinocyte adhesion
Desmosomal adhesions are interrupted by proteases with eventual tonofilament detachment.
Q/Q(M)-474705 Report a Problem

Which species is a human flea that can also be seen on dogs?
1

Pulex irritans
2

Pediculus humanus
3

Liponyssoides sanuineus
4

Lytta vesicatoria
5

Ctenocephalides canis
Q/Q(M)-482147 Report a Problem

Which species is a human flea that can also be seen on dogs?
1

Pulex irritans
Pulex irritans is the human flea; it can also be seen on dogs. More frequent infestations on domestic
animals are by Ctenocephalides felis and canis (on cats and dogs respectively). Lytta vesicatoria is a
blister beetle from which cantharadin is derived. Pediculus humanus var. corporis is the human body
louse.
Q/Q(M)-482147 Report a Problem
Which of the following may NOT occur after contact with the organism in the photo?
1

Purpura in a tram-track pattern
2

Urticaria
3

Tram-track calcification on skull x-ray
4

Loss of vision
5

Pruritus
Q/Q(M)-474962 Report a Problem



Which of the following may NOT occur after contact with the organism in the photo?
40

3

Tram-track calcification on skull x-ray
The most common response is erythema, pruritus and urticaria. Purpura and hemorrhage in a tram-track
or ladder pattern may be seen as well. Ophthalmia nodosa may occur if hairs injure the cornea. Tram-
track calcification on skull films is seen in Sturge-Weber syndrome.
Q/Q(M)-474962 Report a Problem

Phytophotodermatitis caused by skin exposure to limes is caused by:
1

Ascorbic acid
2

Tuliposide A
3

Furocoumarin
4

D-limonene
5

Sesquiterpene lactone
Q/Q(M)-477352 Report a Problem

Phytophotodermatitis caused by skin exposure to limes is caused by:
3

Furocoumarin
Phytophotodermatatitis (phototoxic eruptions from plants) are relatively commonly seen in florists,
nursery personnel, gardeners, and farm workers. Plants that cause this eruption may produce photoxins
such as furocoumarins Fig, fennel, lime, lemon, parsley, celery, dill, and hogweed are all causes of
phytophotodermatitis.
Q/Q(M)-477352 Report a Problem

Which of the following is false regarding this image?
1

This is the tsetse fly
2

This is a glossina fly
3

A large abscess may occur following a bite
4

This transmits sleeping sickness
5

This transmits trypanosomes
Q/Q(M)-474412 Report a Problem


Which of the following is false regarding this image?
3

A large abscess may occur following a bite
Cutaneous reactions tend to be minimal from the bite of the tsetse, or glossina, fly which transmits
trypanosomes and sleeping sickness.
Q/Q(M)-474412 Report a Problem

41


Thorns and barbs on blackberry bushes have been known to cause secondary infection through
inoculation of:
1

Mycobacterium kansaii
2

Sporothrix schenckii
3

Mycobacterium ulcerans
4

All of these answers are correct
5

None of these answers are correct
Q/Q(M)-477932 Report a Problem

Thorns and barbs on blackberry bushes have been known to cause secondary infection through
inoculation of:
1

Mycobacterium kansaii
Thorns and barbs on blackberry bushes have been known to cause secondary infection through
inoculation of Mycobacterium kansaii. Sporothrix schenckii can be innoculated by grasses, sphagnum
moss, and rose thorns. Mycobacterium ulcerans has been innoculated by spiky tropical vegetation.
Q/Q(M)-477932 Report a Problem

Identify this insect:
1

Phlebotomous sandfly
2

Tsetse fly
3

Reduviid bug
4

Water flea
5

Mango fly
Q/Q(M)-476856 Report a Problem


Identify this insect:
3

Reduviid bug
This a picture of the reduviid bug, also called the kissing bug or assassin bug. It is the vector for
American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease), which is caused by Trypanosoma cruzii. The reduviid bug
prefers to bite at mucocutaneous junctions.
Q/Q(M)-476856 Report a Problem

Which of the following is a common cause of seabather's eruption?
1

Edwardsiella lineate
42

2

Linuche unguiculata
3

Thimble jelly fish
4

Sea anemone
5

All of these answers are correct
Q/Q(M)-477823 Report a Problem

Which of the following is a common cause of seabather's eruption?
5

All of these answers are correct
Seabather's eruption (or sea lice) can be sporadic or part of an outbreak. Clinically, it appears as
dermatitis beneath areas covered by swim suits. The geographic distribution is most frequent from the
Caribbean to Bermuda, however there have been three outbreaks at Long Island, NY beaches. A variety
of cnidarian larvae can cause this eruption, including thimble jelly fish (Linuche unguiculata) and sea
anemone (Edwardsiella lineate). Quick removal of bathing suits and rinsing can help with prevention.
Symptom relief is the mainstay of therapy.
Q/Q(M)-477823 Report a Problem

Which of the statements regarding Tegenaria agrestis is correct?
1

Stings from this scorpion can produce cardiovascular complications
2

Contact with this creature results in erythematous papules, hemorrhage, or purpura in a classic
"tram-track" pattern
3

This creature is the leading cause of necrotic arachnidism in several states of the Pacific Northwest
4

This ant injects a venom that contains a hemolytic factor, solenopsin D
5

None of these answers are correct
Q/Q(M)-477750 Report a Problem

Which of the statements regarding Tegenaria agrestis is correct?
3

This creature is the leading cause of necrotic arachnidism in several states of the Pacific
Northwest
Tegenaria agrestis (the Hobo spider) is the leading cause of necrotic arachnidism in several states of the
Pacific Northwest. These spiders are large, with a herringbone-striped pattern on the abdomen. Contact
with caterpillars (Lepidoptera) may produce lesions in a classic "tram-track" pattern. Solenopsis (fire
ants) ants inject a venom that contains a hemolytic factor, solenopsin D, that causes a release of histamine
and other vasoactive amines from mast cells.
Q/Q(M)-477750 Report a Problem

Sesquiterpene lactones are found in which of the following plants?
1

Alstromeria
2

Pinus palustris
3

Artichoke
4

Chive
5

Gingko
Q/Q(M)-477939 Report a Problem
43



Sesquiterpene lactones are found in which of the following plants?
3

Artichoke
Sesquiterpene lactones are sensitizers found in plants of the Asteraceae (Compositae) family. Members
include ragweed, pyrethrum, chrysanthemum, weeds, feverfew, and artichoke. The sensitzer found in
alstromeria (Peruvian lily) is tuliposide A (a glycoside). The Pinus palustris tree is the source of
colophony. Chives contain diallyl disulfide. Gingko fruit pulp is a sensitizer.
Q/Q(M)-477939 Report a Problem

Which disease is transmitted by this insect?
1

Visceral leishmaniasis
2

African sleeping sickness
3

Chagas disease
4

Dracunculiasis
5

Onchocerciasis
Q/Q(M)-476858 Report a Problem


Which disease is transmitted by this insect?
5

Onchocerciasis
The insect depicted is the black fly, Simulium species. The black fly is the vector for onchocerciasis,
which is caused by onchocerca volvulus. Clinical manifestation of this disease include atrophy,
depigmentation and thickening of the skin. In addition, the infection may cause "river blindess" and
onchocercomas, which are nodules containing microfilariae.
Q/Q(M)-476858 Report a Problem

The female Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis mite can lay up to 100 eggs. It has an ovoid, flat body and how
many short legs?
1

None of these answers are correct
2

12
3

6
4

8
5

10
Q/Q(M)-477859 Report a Problem

44

The female Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis mite can lay up to 100 eggs. It has an ovoid, flat body and how
many short legs?
4

8
The female Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis mite has an ovoid, flat body and 8 short legs.
Q/Q(M)-477859 Report a Problem

Which chemical is present in large quantities of this insect's venom?
1

Sphingomyelinase D
2

Alpha lactrotoxin
3

Histamine
4

Hyaluronidase
5

Lipase
Q/Q(M)-476860 Report a Problem


Which chemical is present in large quantities of this insect's venom?
3

Histamine
The spider shown is the Wolf spider (Lycosidae). This Australian spider's bites contains large amounts of
histamine. Bites are painful with edema, erythema and subsequent lymphangitis.
Q/Q(M)-476860 Report a Problem

Contact urticaria is a:
1

Type I hypersensitivity
2

Type II hypersensitivity
3

Type III hypersensitivity
4

Type IV hypersensitivity
5

Undetermined hypersensitivity
Q/Q(M)-474700 Report a Problem

Contact urticaria is a:
1

Type I hypersensitivity
Contact urticaria is an example of a type I hypersensitivity reaction. The classic example is a latex
induced contact urticaria. Type I reactions (immediate hypersensitivity reactions) involve
immunoglobulin E (IgE)mediated release of histamine and other mediators from mast cells and
45

basophils.
Q/Q(M)-474700 Report a Problem

What is the initial treatment of choice for this dermatitis?
1

Observation
2

5% acetic acid
3

Topical steroid
4

Topical antibiotics
5

Warm compresses
Q/Q(M)-476861 Report a Problem


What is the initial treatment of choice for this dermatitis?
2

5% acetic acid
The linear appearance of the dermatitis is typical of jellyfish stings. To prevent further nematocyte
activation, 5% acetic acids should be applied for 15-30 minutes. Papain found in meat tenderizers or 70%
isopropyl alcohol may also be applied. Warm compresses are contraindicated as they may increase
systemic absorption of the venom.
Q/Q(M)-476861 Report a Problem

Match the photo to the plant identified:
1

Alliaceae
2

Primulaceae
3

Toxicodendron
4

Compositae
5

Alstromeria
Q/Q(M)-474970 Report a Problem
46



Match the photo to the plant identified:
4

Compositae
This is ragweed, a member of the compositae (or asteraceae) family.
Q/Q(M)-474970 Report a Problem

Snake bite antivenin is derived from:
1

Human antibody
2

Mouse antibody
3

Antigen extracted directly from the attacking snake
4

Horse antibody
5

Pooled IVIg
Q/Q(M)-473938 Report a Problem

Snake bite antivenin is derived from:
4

Horse antibody
Following envenomation, antivenins are derived from horses.
Q/Q(M)-473938 Report a Problem
Pineapples contain which of the following proteolytic enzymes?
1

None of these answers are correct
2

All of these answers are correct
3

Bromelin
4

Phorbol esters
5

Ranunculin
Q/Q(M)-477929 Report a Problem

Pineapples contain which of the following proteolytic enzymes?
3

Bromelin
Bromelin is a proteolytic enzyme found in pineapples. It is granted access to dermal vessels by calcium
oxalate-induced fissures. Phorbol esters are found in plants of the Euphorbiaceae family. Ranunculin is
an irritant found in buttercups (Ranunculaceae family).
Q/Q(M)-477929 Report a Problem

Necrosis may be seen in which of the following:
47

1

Allergic contact dermatitis
2

Contact urticaria
3

Dermatographism
4

Irritant contact dermatitis
5

Acute urticaria
Q/Q(M)-474702 Report a Problem

Necrosis may be seen in which of the following:
4

Irritant contact dermatitis
Necrosis may be seen in severe irritant reactions. The other reactions do not involve necrosis.
Q/Q(M)-474702 Report a Problem

Allergic contact dermatitis is a:
1

Type I hypersensitivity
2

Type II hypersensitivity
3

Type III hypersensitivity
4

Type IV hypersensitivity
5

Undetermined hypersensitivity
Q/Q(M)-474699 Report a Problem

Allergic contact dermatitis is a:
4

Type IV hypersensitivity
Allergic contact dermatitis is an example of a Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction (delayed type
hypersensitivity reaction). Type 4 reactions are mediated by T-cells. Other types of hypersensitivity
reactions are described below. Type I reactions (immediate hypersensitivity reactions) involve
IgEmediated release of histamine and other mediators from mast cells and basophils. Type II reactions
(cytotoxic hypersensitivity reactions) involve immunoglobulin G or immunoglobulin M antibodies bound
to cell surface antigens, with subsequent complement fixation. Type III reactions (immune-complex
reactions) involve circulating antigen-antibody immune complexes that deposit in postcapillary venules,
with subsequent complement fixation.
Q/Q(M)-474699 Report a Problem

Plants from the family Moraceae include which of the following?
1

Ficus carica
2

Fennel
3

Burning bush
4

All of these answers are correct
5

None of these answers are correct
Q/Q(M)-477973 Report a Problem



48

Plants from the family Moraceae include which of the following?
1

Ficus carica
Ficus carica (fig tree) is a member of the family Moraceae and a cause of phytophotodermatitis. Burning
bush is a member of the family Rutaceae. Fennel is a member of the family Apiaceae.
Q/Q(M)-477973 Report a Problem

Which of the following vectors transmits Borrelia duttonii?
1

Ixodes pacificus
2

Rhipicephalus sanguineus
3

Ornithodoros moubata
4

Amblyomma americanum
5

none of the above
Q/Q(M)-477860 Report a Problem

Which of the following vectors transmits Borrelia duttonii?
3

Ornithodoros moubata
Borrelia duttonii is a pathogenic organism of relapsing fever. It is transmitted by Ornithodoros moubata.
Ixodes pacificus is one of the vectors of Lyme Borreliosis. Rhipicephalus sanguineus is a vector of
Ehrlichiosis. Amblyomma americanum is a vector of Lyme Borreliosis and Rocky Mountain Spotted
Fever.
Q/Q(M)-477860 Report a Problem

The skin lesions with cutaneous larva migrans are typically seen on which body location?
1

Face
2

Scalp
3

Distal lower extremity
4

Perianal area
5

Trunk
Q/Q(M)-482277 Report a Problem

The skin lesions with cutaneous larva migrans are typically seen on which body location?
3

Distal lower extremity
Cutaneous larva migrans is usually acquired on sandy beaches. The hookworm can penetrate the human
skin, usually through the foot. A serpiginous inflammatory reaction can be seen highlighting the burrow
of the larvae in the skin. This is a self-limited reaction, however pruritus can be significant, therefore oral
treatment with thiabendazole or ivermectin is often given. Topical 10% thiabendazole also is effective.
Q/Q(M)-482277 Report a Problem

Which disease is transmitted by this insect?
1

African sleeping sickness
2

Chagas disease
49

3

Dracunculiasis
4

Visceral leishmaniasis
5

Onchocerciasis
Q/Q(M)-476857 Report a Problem


Which disease is transmitted by this insect?
2

Chagas disease
This a picture of the reduviid bug, also called the kissing bug or assassin bug. It is the vector for
American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease), which is caused by Trypanosoma cruzii. The reduviid bug
prefers to bite at mucocutaneous junctions.
Q/Q(M)-476857 Report a Problem

The toxin holothurin, released by which of the following marine creatures, can cause conjunctivitis in
exposed swimmers?
1

None of these answers are correct
2

Sea cucumber
3

Linuche unguiculata
4

Edwardsiella lineate
5

Chironex fleckeri
Q/Q(M)-477857 Report a Problem

The toxin holothurin, released by which of the following marine creatures, can cause conjunctivitis in
exposed swimmers?
2

Sea cucumber
Sea cucumbers are cucumber-shaped bottom-dwellers that can cause conjunctivitis due to release of a
toxin called holothurin to which nearby swimmers can be exposed. The larva of Linuche unguiculata
(thimble jelly fish) and Edwardsiella lineate (sea anemone) are causes of seabather's eruption (or sea
lice). Chironex fleckeri is the box jellyfish; its stings are extremely toxic and may lead to shock and
death, especially in small adults and children.
Q/Q(M)-477857 Report a Problem
What is cutaneous larva migrans caused by?
1

Ancylostoma caninum and A. Brazilense
2

Toxoplasma gondii
3

Onchocerca volvulus
4

Shistosoma hematobium, S. japonicum & S. mansoni
50

5

Strongyloides stercoralis
Q/Q(M)-482276 Report a Problem

What is cutaneous larva migrans caused by?
1

Ancylostoma caninum and A. Brazilense
Cutaneous larva migrans is caused by the hookworms, Ancylostoma caninum and A. Brazilense.
Toxoplasma gondii causes toxoplasmosis, which is usually minor and self-limiting but can have serious
or even fatal effects on a fetus whose mother first contracts the disease during pregnancy or on an
immunocompromised human or cat. Onchocerca volvulus is a nematode which is spread to humans by
the bite of the blackfly (genus: Simulium). This causes onchocerciasis, also known as reiver blindness,
which is the world s second leading cause of blindness. Shistosoma hematobium, S. japonicum & S.
mansoni are flatworms that causes schistosomiasis, which is acquired by swimming or playing in infected
water. Strongyloides stercoralis is a nematode which causes strongyloidiasis, which mainly affects the GI
tract as well as red hive-like areas near the anus
Q/Q(M)-482276 Report a Problem

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