Science & Mathematics > Engineering Next

Why does the conservation of

momentum equation for fluid
mechanics use gauge instead of
absolute pressure?
I'm taking a fluid mechanics class and I'm confused about the use of
gauge pressure when finding pressure forces used in the
conservation of momentum equation: I know that ...show more
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? answered 4 years ago
Using gage pressure accounts for the fact that the components are on
each, surrounded on all sides by atmospheric pressure such that it
cancels out
If P1 and P2 are gage pressures, then the absolute pressures (Pa1 and
Pa2) are P1+ P_atm and P2+P_atm where P_atm is atmospheric
pressure
When considering the sum of forces you consider the difference of the
products of pressure and area
If A1 and A2 are the same, then F1 = A1*(P1 + P_atm) and F2 = A2*(P2
+ P_atm) = A1*(P2 + P_atm), so F1 - F2 = A1*(P1-P2)
This should be fairly obvious
In the case where we consider systems where the inlet and outlet area
are not the same (A1 not equal to A2), we still use gage pressure:
Imagine a trapezoid with the short side A1 and the long side A2:
atmospheric pressure still acts on the angled legs such that atmospheric
pressure alone does not apply an unbalanced force.
In short, you are considering only the net pressure forces - atmospheric
pressure cancels out all around
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