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13

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15

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Production, City Mart&

Ocean Supermarkets,
Orange Supermarket
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Kyeemyinding,
N/
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Mann Thiri, Nobody
(Dagon, Yankin, Junction
Maw Tin, Junction
Square, Taw Win Centre,
Hledan), Fashion Star
(Taw Win Centre, Shwe
Bon Thar), RUN YGN,

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YOH

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16

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23

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24

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Ykd nf ,Ofaus;rIt& jrifrh m;NyD; vlrsdK;pkEikd if aH wmfrsm;udk
xlaxmif EdkifcJhonf/
Ak'b
mom,Ofaus;rIukd vufcNH yD; vdu
k ef musifo
h ;kH Muonf/ tiftm;
BuD;olu tiftm;enf;oludk 0g;rsdKwwfonfrSm avmuobm0jzpfyg
onf/ &Srf;[kqdk&m jrefrmEkdifiHajrmufydkif; rdk;nif;? rdk;aumif;? aomif
oGwf? qifuvdefcED;wdkYudk arm&Srf;[k owfrSwfNyD; ,cktcgwGif &Srf;eD[k
ac: Muonf/ ta&SUbuf&rS ;f udk uarmZ&Sr;f [kac:onf/ ajrmufbuf&rS ;f
rSm jrefrmbk&ifrsm;ESifh qufqHrIrsm; ta&SUbuf&Srf;rSm enf;yg;cJhonf/
&Srf;apmfbGm;rsm;\ tcsKyftjcmtmPmudk vHk;0 rxdyg;yJ MoZmcH ]]
yPmquf }} (Vassal State) EdkifiHrsdK;tjzpfom qufqHcJh\/ jrefrm
bk&ifrsm;ESifh &Srf;apmfbGm;wdkY\ qufqHyHkrSm ]] aexGufbk&if }} ESifh ]]
ae0ifbk&if }} oabmrsdK;omjzpf vufatmufcHoabmxuf wpfqifh
edrfh rsdK;EG,fwlrsm;tjzpf qufqHcJhMuonf/ jrefrmbk&ifrsm;onf &Srf;jynf
e,f\jynfwGif;a&;wGif 0ifa&mufpGufzufjcif;r&Sdacs/
1885-ck? t*Fvdyf udkvdkeDjzpfNyD;aemuf &Srf;jynfe,fawmifwef;
a'orsm;rSm ya'o&mZf &Srf;e,f[kac:wGifNyD; Oya'jyKvTwfawmf\
Oya'jyKe,fy,fjyifywGif xm;&SdcJhonf/ &Srf;jynfe,f a'ot&yf&yfpDrH
tkyfcsKyfrIvG,fulap&ef &Srf;apmfbGm;ydkife,faygif; (32)e,fyg0ifonfh
&Srf;jynfe,f a'oudk ya'o&mZf&Srf;jynfe,f[k ac:wGifapvsuf jrefrm
bk&ifcH\ wdkufdkuftkyfcsKyfrIatmufwGif xm;&Sdum(aumfr&Sifemrif;BuD;)
[kac:aom wdkif;rif;BuD;wpfOD;u pDrHtkyfcsKyfcJhavonf/
1945-ck 'kwd,urmppftNyD; AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;wdkY vGwfvyfa&;
twGuf NAdwo
d Qtpd;k &ESihf aqG;aEG;pOf &Sr;f apmfbmG ;rsm;u Adv
k cf sKyfwo
Ykd nf
&Srf;jynfe,f\udk,fpm;vS,fr[kwfaMumif; vef'efodkY vSrf; uefYuGuf
onf/ jrefrmjynfrESifhtquftoG,fjzwfcHxm;&onfh &Srf;jynfvlxkrSm
EdkifiHa&; Edk;Mum;rItm;enf;cJhonf/ OD;wif{acgif;aqmifaom &Srf;vli,f
(10)a,muf &efukefNrdKU tv,fyp,H tpnf;ta0;odkYwufa&mufNyD;
AdkvfcsKyfwdkYESifh awGYqHkcJhonf/ wdk;wufaomtjrif&Sdonfh &Srf;vli,f
acgif;aqmifrsm;u &Srf;jynfe,fvGwfvyfa&;tzGJUcsKyf(&yv) zGJYpnf;wnf
axmifNyD; jynfrESifhtwl vGwfvyfa&;,l&ef vIyf&Sm;Muonf/
zqyvrS OD;Ek? OD;azcifESifh &Srf;jynfe,frS (&yv) acgif;aqmif
rsm;jzpfaom OD;wif{? OD;xGef;jrifh? OD;cGefxD;wdkYaqG;aEG;MuNyD; Armjynfr
ESifhtwl &Srf;jynfe,fvGwfvyfa&;,l&ef &Srf;jynfvlxk qHk;jzwfaMumif;
vef'efESifh &efukefzqyvXmecsKyfodkY aMu;eef;rsm; ay;ydkYcJhonf/
1947-ck? azazmf0g&Dv? (12)&ufaeYwGif yifvHkpmcsKyfudk csKyfqdk
EdkifcJhonf/ 1948-ck? Zefe0g&Dv? (4)&ufaeYwGif tcsKyftjcmtmPmydkif
vGwfvyfaomEdkifiHtjzpf a&muf&SdcJhonf/
1947-ck zGUJ pnf;tkycf sKyfyt
kH ajccHOya'\ tyd'k (f 160)wGif ]] 0efBuD;
csKyfonf &Sr;f jynfe,f aumifpED iS hf nEd iId ;f wdik yf if&ef ygvDref\&Sr;f jynfe,f
qd k i f & m ud k , f p m;vS , f t rwf r sm;teuf trwf w pf O D ; OD ; \trnf u d k
wifoGif;aomtcg xdktrnfwifoGif;jcif;cH&aomtrwfudk EdkifiHawmf

orwonf atmufwGif ]] &Srf;jynfe,f0efBuD; }}[k ac:wGif&rnf

jzpfaom jynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJU0if 0efBuD;tjzpfjzifh cefYxm;&rnf/
xdkodkYcefYxm;jcif;cH&aom0efBuD;onf tajccHOya'\udprsm;twGuf
&Srf;jynfe,fOu|vnf;jzpf&rnf/
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHvGwfvyfa&;&NyD;rMumrDwGif tdEd,jynfwGif
NrdKUaygif;rsm;pGmyg0ifonfh e,fBuD;rsm;udk pdk;rdk;ydkifoonfh r[m&mZm
apmfbGm;BuD;rsm;udk,fwdkif rdrdwdkY\ydkifeufrsm;udk pGefYvTwfum jynfol
vlxkodkY tyfESif;aom tcrf;tem;rsm;udk qif,ifusif;ycJhMuonf/
jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if t
H wGi;f &Sd &Sr;f jynfe,fa'orS apmfbmG ;BuD;rsm;
uvnf; wdk;wufvsuf&Sdaom acwfudkvdkufavsmum tdEd,jynfrS
r[m&mZmapmfbGm;BuD;rsm;enf;wl rdrdwdkY\tkyfcsKyfa&; tmPmrsm;udk
jynfov
l x
l v
k ufoYkd jyefvnftyfEiS ;f vdak omqErsm; ay:aygufvmcJo
h nfh
twdkif; tkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmrsm;udk jyefvnftyfESif;&ef qHk;jzwfcJhonfh
twdkif; 1952-ckESpf? atmufwdkbmv? (25)&ufaeYwGif usif;yonfh
owif;pmq&mrsm;tpnf;ta0;wGif &Srf;jynfe,fapmfbGmrsm;tpnf;
tHk;Ou|(&Srf;jynfe,f0efBuD;)p0fcGefcsdKu rdrdwdkY&Srf;jynfe,fapmfbGm;
rsmonf rdrw
d v
Ykd uf0,f&dS &Sr;f jynfe,f\tkycf sKyfa&;tmPmudk pGev
Yf w
T &f ef
qHk;jzwfvdkufNyDjzpfaMumif; xkwfazmfaMunmvdkufonf/ xdkaMunmcsuf
wGif &Sr;f jynfe,fapmfbmG ;rsm;rSm rdrw
d \
Ykd &Sr;f jynfe,fo^l om;trsm; wdt
Yk m;
acwftavsmuf wdk;wufvsuf&Sdonfh 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm;udk
usyfjynfhwif;jynfhay;&ef umv&SnfMumpGmuyif qE&SdaecJhMuaMumif;?
xdkqEt& rdrdwdkY\vkyfief;udk vufawGYtaumif txnfazmfjyaom
tm;jzifh &Srf;jynfe,fapmfbGm;tm;vHk;onf rdrdwdkYvuf0,f&Sd tkyfcsKyfa&;
tmPm[lorQudk pGefYvTwf&ef qHk;jzwfNyD;jzpfaMumif; azmfjyyg&Sdonf/
Edik if aH wmftpd;k &u wHjYk yefonft
h aejzifh apmfbmG ;BuD;rsm;tm;]]wpfv;kH
wpfcJwnf;yifpifvpm}} ay;&ef oabmwlnDcJhonf/ oabmwlnDNyD;
aemuf &Srf;jynfe,fjynfolYtkyfcsKyfa&;yEufcsvufrSwf a&;xdk;yGJBuD;udk
1959-ck? {NyDv? (24)&ufaeYwGif usif;ycJhonf/
tcrf;tem;udk {NyDv? (27)&ufaeYu &Srf;jynfe,faumifpDrS
qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;csrSwfNyD;aemuf {NyDv? (29)&ufaeYwGif &Srf;jynfe,f
jynfolYtkyfcsKyfa&; yEufcsr*Fvmtcrf;tem;BuD;udk awmifBuD;NrdKU
NcdrfhNcdrfhoJoJqif,ifusif;y&m tqdkygtcrf;tem;odkY EdkifiHawmforwBuD;
OD;0if;armif? tdrfapmifhtpdk;& EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf owdk;oD&d ok"r
AdkvfcsKyfBuD; OD;ae0if;ESifhwuG jynfe,ftoD;oD;ESifh jynfyrS {nfhonf
awmfBuD;rsm; wufa&mufMuonf/
xdkaeYu aSmifwcifusef;rma&; csdKUwJhrIaMumifhvnf;aumif;?
c&D;vrf;yef;a0;vnf;aumif;? rvma&mufEdkifaom apmfbGm;BuD; (4)OD;
rSty tcrf;tem;odw
Yk ufa&muf vufrw
S x
f ;kd Muaom apmfbmG ;BuD;rsm;
\pm&if;rSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfygonf/
(1) ajrmufodEDp0fzvHk owdk;r[moa&pnfol p0f[Hkz
(2) usdKif;wHke,f p0fzvHk p0fpdkif;vHk

(3) rdk;rdwfe,f p0fzvHk p0fcGefcsdK

(4) rdk;eJe,f p0fzvHk oa&pnfolp0fjynfh
(5) awmifydkife,f p0fzvHk r[moa&pnfol p0fcGefyef;pdef
(6) rdkif;udkife,f p0fzvHk p0fMunf
(7) awmifodEde,f p0fzvHk p0fqdk[Hkz
(8) vJcsm;e,f p0fzvHk oa&pnfol p0fEGH
(9) &yfapmufe,f p0fzvHk p0fcGefqm
(10) pum;e,f p0fzvHk r[moa&pnfol p0fcGefMunf
(11) rdkif;yefe,f p0fzvHk oD&dysHcsD p0fa&TMunf
(12) rdkif;yGefe,f p0fzvHk p0faq[kef? bDat (*kPfxl;)
(13) omrdkif;crf;e,f p0fzvHk r[moa&pnfol p0fxGef;at;
(14) aus;oD;refpHe,f p0fzvHk oa&pnfol p0fa&TrIH
(15) vG,fvHk (yifavmif;)e,f p0fzvHk oD&dysHcsD p0frdk;ausmf
(16) abmfe,f p0fzvHk oD&dysHcsD p0fcGefatmif
(17) rdkif;I;e,f p0fzvHk 0Pausmfxif p0frefz
(18) rdkif;aemife,f p0fzvHk p0ftHk;armif
(19) puG,fe,f p0fzvHk p0fcGefGefY
(20) bef;,Ofe,f p0fzvHk p0fpdefGefY
(21) usHK;e,f p0fzvHk p0fcGefaqmif;
(22) &GmiHe,f p0fzvHk p0fcGef&D
(23) yif;w,e,f p0fzvHk p0f0if;Munf
(24) ayG;vSe,f p0fzvHk p0fxGef;pdef
(25) yifrSDe,fusrdkif; p0fcGefOD;
(26) eef;ckwfaemifrGefe,f usrdkif;udk,fpm; p0fvGef;tHk
(27) oxHke,f p0fzvHk p0fatmifjrifh udk,fpm; a':at;oefY
(28) armufr,fe,fusrdkif; p0fxGef;z udk,fpm; p0fAdkvfcrf;
(29) [dkyHk;e,f usrdkif;cGeftdkY udk,fpm; eef;a&TO wdkYjzpfMuonf/
tcrf;tem;BuD;onfum; Srf;jynfe,f\&mZ0ifwGif armfuGef;
wif&rnfhtcrf;tem;BuD;wpf&yftjzpf wnfSdaernfjzpfayownf;/
OD;pdk;GefY (awmf0ifESif;qD)
&nfTef; 1/ ausmfouf? a'gufwm/ jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdkifiHordkif;/
2/ b&S i f ? Ad k v f r S L ;/ jynf a xmif p k w d k i f ; &if ; om;rsm;
(vufESdyfpufpmrl)/
3/ &Srf;jynfe,fjynfolYtkyfcsKyfa&;yEufcsyGJ (29-4-1959)/
4/ a&Ttkef;? OD;(anmifa&T)? rNydKuGJEdkifaom jynfaxmifpkMuD;/
5/ Conway, Susan. '' The Shan Culture, Art and Crafts ''
6/ Hopper, W. W. '' Burmah, A Series of One Hundred
Photographs "
7/ Collis, Maurice, " Lords of the Sunset "

25

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atmif wwfrS twef;wufcJh&wmrdkYvm;/ 'gayr,fh vkyfief;cGifawGxJ
a&mufvmMuwJhtcg tajctaetaMumif;trsKd;rsKd;aMumifh tajzrSefudk
odygvQufeJY tajzrSefrxGufbJ vdkcsifwJhtajz csa&;ay;cJhMu&wm awGU
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jyifcJhwJhtusKd;qufudk udk,fawGUBuHKwmav;awGeJY wifjyMunfhcsifwmyg/
pmzwfolawGxJrSmvnf; uREfkyfvdkyJ jyifcJhMu&if tm;vHk; tm;vHk; vl
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awG&rvJ? &cJhNyDvJvdkY tajzxkwfMunfhcsifwmyg/
tawG U tBuH K (1)
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yg&ygw,f/ qefwpfjynfaps;EIef;? qDwpfydmaps;EIef;? "mwfqDwpf
*gvHaps;EIef;? a&Twpfusyfom;aps;EIef; pojzifhaygh/ 'Dawmh qufwif
&r,fh AdkvfcsKyfBuD;u txuftBuD;tuJtaeeJY 'Dpm&if;awGzwfNyD;
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vm;vdkY jyefpdppfwmjzpfygw,f/ NyD;awmh qHk;jzwfcsufcsNyD; ukefaps;EIef;
tm;vHk;&JU pm&if;udk oifhawmfovdk MunfhaysmfIaysmfjzpfatmif avQmhcs
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awGUae&wJh tjzpfrSefudk wdkif;jynfacgif;aqmifwpfOD;taeeJY rodEkdif
awmhbJ tawmfom,m0ajymaeaywmyJ? tqifajyaeMuwmyJvdkY
wGufqrdaeovdk Mumawmhvnf; pnfyif0ajymom,maeaMumif;ygz&mh
qdkwmyJ Mum;csifvmawmhrSmyJav/
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wpfOD;)&JU tjzpftysufyg/ ajymjyolu olY&JU udk,fa&;t&m&Sdjzpfygw,f/
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yGifhvmwmeJY wynfhawG pDpOfay;wJh Bedtea vdkYac:wJh Ekd;Ekd;csif; tdyf&m
ay:rSmpm;wJh MuufO? aumfzD? oabFmoD;pdwfpm;? wynfhnpfxJhay;wJh
oGm;wdkufaq;eJY oGm;wdkuf? udk,fvufoefY&Sif;? bk&m;&Sdcdk;? reuf ckepf
em&DcGJ &Spfem&DavmufrSmawmh eHeufapmpmudk xrif;aMumf? rkefY[if;cg;?
aygifrkefYMuufO wpfckckpm; pojzifh 'Dt&m&SdBuD; rsufpdESpfvHk;ydwftdyf
wJhtxd pm;aomufrI[m aps;r0,f&? aps;EIef;rodb0yg/ jzpfvdk&mudk
wynfhawGu pDpOfay;Muwmudk/ 'DvdkeJYwpfaeYrSm t&m&SdBuD;om;u
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awmh wpfyGJ 50 r[kwfbl;vm;/ ravmufbl;vm;qdkNyD; ar;&Smygw,f/
tJ'Dacwfu acgufqGJwpfyGJ 200 ausmfjzpfaewJhtcsdefumvyg/ ukefaps;
EIef;tjzpfrSefrodEkdifol[m tajzrSefudk b,fvdkrSwGufxkwfEkdifp&m
r&Syd gcifAsm;/ 'Dvykd J vlBuD;um;q&mwpfa,muf aiGpm&if;&Si;f wrf;a&;ae
wmawGUvdkY oGm;pyfpkMunfhrdvdkufawmh vufzuf&nfwpfcGuf 50 wJh
tJ'geJY uREfkyfu raeEkdifbJ udk,fwdkYcsKdifhqGJ0,faomufwm 200 yg
bmjzpfvYkd 50 & wmvJqNkd yD;awmh um;q&mu bmjyefajymovJqakd wmh

q&mu 200 ajym&if nmw,fqdkNyD; jyem&SmvGef;vdkY q&mhZeD;rru

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rsufpdydwf em;ydwf [ifhtif;vkyfaeawmh tqifajyatmif atmufu
ckq,f&m *Pef; av;awGudk jyifay;vdkuf&wJh tjzpfyg/

tawG U tBuH K (3)

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vkyfwJhXmeawGr[kwfygbl;/ pyg;udk pdkufysKd;a&;
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ar;jref;pHkprf;? tJ'D uRrf;usifolawG ajymwJhtwdkif; ajrjyifqif;?
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(10)
jrefrmEdkifiHrSm EdkifiHawmfpDrHudef;awG trsm;BuD;&SdcJhw,f/ project
BuD;rsm;aygh/ tJ'D project BuD;awG vkyk u
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qufvufazmfjyygrnf

29

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pnf;urf;eJYtnD aqmif&GufMuzdkYrSmMum;aMumif;? ausmif;&Sd oHCmawmf

30

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Sebastian Reimann - Viollin (Germany)
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Naco Hay Tar Nay - Violion (AOC Orachestra)
Naw Anstasia Min - Violion (AOC Orachestra)
Saw Johm Hla Shwe - Violion (AOC Orachestra)
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EXHIBITON

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