ANALYSIS: Pope Francis turns up the heat on church's future behind closed doors

Select group meeting in 'extraordinary synod' at Vatican to discuss flashpoints like marriage, divorce
By David Perlich, CBC News Posted: Oct 08, 2014 11:03 AM ET

A polite throwdown is underway in Vatican City.
A highly select group of around 200 men and a few women are meeting to discuss flashpoints:
marriage, contraception, homosexuality and divorce. In the church, its called an "extraordinary synod." And it
is ... extraordinary.
Pope Francis has insisted on an open debate. He went a step further, and welcomed people to challenge
him. A cardinal wrote to me saying that it was a pity that some cardinals did not have the courage to say
certain things out of respect for the Pope, thinking perhaps the Pope thought different. This is not good.
There's something you don't hear every day.
Ironically, the synod, which is composed mainly of bishops from around the world, is taking place behind
closed doors. But debate is everywhere in cafs and newspapers, on TV, in blogs, on Twitter and Facebook.
From open letters between opposing cardinals to front-page articles suggesting Pope Francis is pulling the
rug out from under the legacy of Benedict XVI, members of the church are publicly trading the theological
equivalent of slaps upside the head.
Factions are forming papal favourite German Cardinal Kasper taking one stance on divorce, and
cardinals like the American Burke, the Italian Scola and Quebec's Ouellet diverging.
But whats most important about the current debate in Rome is that we're actually hearing about debate in
Rome. Public discord on fundamental issues is not only being allowed, but encouraged.
This may be the latest tactic a politically savvy Pope Francis is using to kickstart the churchs engagement
with the modern world.
OUT OF TOUCH? During the conclave after Benedict XVIs resignation, the crowded restaurants, cafes and
private parties around Rome seethed with debate over the future of the church.
Relevance was a hot topic: fear the churchs teachings were falling on deaf ears, that Catholicisms
2,000-year history of moral influence (socially, politically, individually) was fast diminishing.

For a Catholic Church trying to function in modern global society, the evolution of "the family" and issues
of sexual morality have created what critics inside and outside the church consider a serious disconnect.
Words like "intransigence" and "out of touch" get thrown around. And its no secret millions of believing
Catholics ignore even reject "church teaching" when it comes to many issues.
Enter Pope Francis.
The Argentine pontiff has brought together some of the brightest theologians and members of the churchs
hierarchy from around the world to hash it all out. Significantly, hes brought together people that he knows
will disagree.
Now, anyone hoping for immediate change to the churchs stance on sexual issues had better cool their
jets. The institution moves slowly. This synod will be followed by another, larger one next year. Its all a
process.
Still, whatever the outcome of this current discussion, it is sure to ignite further fierce debate. A lot of
people are going to be hot under the roman collar.
This may be part of Franciss political philosophy. A risky gamble aimed at making his church more
relevant.
NEED FOR CHANGE. In our liberal democratic tradition, the era of declaring universal moral authority is long
over because the Pope says so is unlikely to fly.
Its not so much that contemporary society is destined to be ever more secular. Religions exist and will
continue to do so. Like it or not, in our ever more interconnected world, the vast majority of humanity will
continue to look to at Judaism, Islam, Christianity, Hinduism and other creeds for answers.
But these creeds must contend with each other, and find their own space.
That said, we live in a world where people trying to figure out right and wrong, or how to be a good
person, are as likely to choose Oprah, (Deepak) Chopra or an Ayn Rand novel as they are to talk to a religious
leader. Catholicism, and indeed all religions and dogmas, face stiff competition in the marketplace of ideas.
Of course, religions, governments, even clubs like the Scouts, are based on dogmatic belief. And there is
always some kind of authority that defines orthodoxy.
But ideas about right and wrong gain public strength when they're challenged. And more importantly,
when it appears reasoned debate can change a particular stance.
Theres always been debate within the Catholic Church. Over the millenniums, fights on the finer points of
truth have led to everything from polite insults to the Reformation to war.
But under the papacies of John Paul II and Benedict XVI, many inside and outside the church felt there was
little room for the public airing of internal debate. That acrimony was seen as weakness, and thus threatening
to the institution.
Among some clergy and ordinary Catholics, resentments built as authority was used to squash divergent
opinions. Some scholars were silenced. A united front was put forward on issues of dogma and "church
teaching."
There was of course dissent, but it was often just whispered in the corridors, or into the ear of some
compliant journalist in need of a story.
It was the media that helped exacerbate the Catholic Churchs problems with public legitimacy. In the era
of the internet, contrary opinions among ordinary Catholics could be shared globally. Communities of dissent
formed and challenged traditional authority.
But publicly, for many theologians, scholars and members of the hierarchy, keeping your job meant
keeping silent.
It was not always so.
THE LONG GAME. The Second Vatican Council (1962-65) was an internal debate involving thousands of
participants, one that substantively changed the functioning of the Catholic Church. Some of it was televised.
Much of it was reported in newspapers and written about in books. Bishops took stands. There was open
conflict. Ideas were debated often angrily, if politely.
When Francis first appeared on the balcony of St. Peters there was already chatter about a "Third Vatican
Council."
That has not happened. But something is happening.
Certainly this Pope has put a kinder, gentler face on the church of late. He takes selfies with students in St.
Peters Square. He kisses babies and says inclusive things about gays. Its hardly the stuff of revolution.
Still, behind the scenes, Francis has been cleaning house in the Vaticans curial government. There are a lot
of cardinals who have had their red hats handed to them as they were shown the door. Some of these changes
havent gone down well. And there is, quietly, some anti-Francis talk being heard around Rome.
The Pope has the power to send out a kill order on dissent. He could order his clergy, from Cardinals on
down to parish priests, to toe the line. Under church law, this synod is unnecessary. Francis could just rule by
fiat.
But he hasnt.
Francis has himself kindled this very public debate. And its unfathomable this Jesuit Pope was unaware of
what he was doing.
The synod may help launch the Catholic Church into a new engagement with modern society. It may herald
change to the function of the church in substantial philosophical ways that could make it far more relevant for
the faithful and possibly even secular society. If this happens, Francis will have put a profound mark on
Catholicism.
Still, revolutions are risky. Once the doors to discord are opened, they are notoriously hard to shut.
Its a lesson Mikhail Gorbachev learned as glasnost (transparency) and perestroika (restructuring)
were turned against him, and he was threatened, discredited and later turfed by his own Soviet hierarchy.
Having invited dissent, Francis risks having it turned on himself: his actions, his decisions, his leadership.
But if he shuts down the debate, he risks losing his own public legitimacy.