Table of Content

Abstract....1
Chapter 1 Introduction.2
1.1 Digital Image.2
1.2 Compression..5
1.3 Image Compression...5
1.4 Type of Image Compression..6
1.4.1 Lossless Compression.............6
1.4.2 Lossy Compression.8
1.5 Image File Format....11
1.5.1 JPEG/JFIF.11
1.5.2 JPEG 2000................................................................................................................12
1.5.3 Exif............................................................................................................................12
1.5.4 TIFF..........................................................................................................................12
1.5.5 RAW.........................................................................................................................13
1.5.6 GIF............................................................................................................................14
1.5.7 BMP..........................................................................................................................14
1.5.8 PNG..........................................................................................................................14
1.5.9 PPM, PGM, PBM, PNM and PFM...........................................................................15
1.5.10 PAM........................................................................................................................15
1.5.11 WEBP.....................................................................................................................15

1.5.12 HDR Raster Formats...............................................................................................15

1.5.12 Vector Formats........................................................................................................16
1.5.13 Stereo Format..........................................................................................................18
1.6 Image Sampling.......................................................................................................................19
1.7 Image Quantisation..................................................................................................................19
1.8 Transformations...20
1.8.1 DCT (Discrete Cosine Transformation)....20
1.8.2 Wavelet Transformation...21
1.8.3 2D Wavelet Transformation.21
1.9 Application of Image Compression.....22
1.10 Thesis Overview....24
CHAPTER 2 LITRATURE Survey...25
CHAPTER 3 MATLAB AND ITS FUNCTION..34
3.1 Introduction of MATLAB....34
3.2 Evolution of MATLAB....36
3.2.1. Features....36
3.2.2. Weakness:37
3.2.3. File Extensions In MATLAB...37
3.3 Function...37
Chapter 4 Problem Statement and Motivation...44
Chapter 5 Implementation..45

5.1. Implementation and Algorithms.....45

5.2. Transformation Based Compression.......45
5.3 Discrete Wavelet Transform....47
5.4 Inverse discrete wavelets transform.....50
5.5. Algorithm:...52
5.5.1. Compressed Algorithms...52
5.5.2. Decompressed Algorithms...52
5.6. Compression with db6..53
5.6.1. Compression ratio with db6..53
5.6.2. Decompression with wavelets db6....55
5.7. Compression with db7..56
5.7.1 Compression ratio with db7...56
5.7.2. Decompression with db7...57
5.8. Compression with db8..58
5.8.1. Compression ratio with db8..59
5.8.2. Decompression with db8...61
5.9 Comparison between wavelets and compression ratio....61
5.10 Functional Parameters62
5.10.1 Structural Content (SC)...62
5.10.2 Mean Square Error (MSE).....62
5.10.3.Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR in dB)..62
5.10.4. Normalized Cross-Correlation (NCC)...63
5.10.5 Average Difference (AD)...63
5.10.6 Maximum Difference (MD)....64

5.10.7 Normalized Absolute Error (NAE).64

5.11. Compare Quality parameter for different three wavelets.64
5.11.1 Using Wavelets db6.64
5.11.2 Using Wavelets db7.....65
5.11.3 Using Wavelets db8.66
Chapter 6 Conclusion & Future Scope..69
References..70
List of Publication..73
Appendix-A....74
Source Code...................................................................................................................................74

List of Figure
Figure 1.1 : RGB Image..................................................................................................................3
Figure 1.2: Gray Image...3
Figure 1.3: Binary Image4
Figure 1.4: (a) .bmp (1.31 MB)..10
Figure 1.4: (b) .jpg (165 KB)...10
Figure 1.5: Transform Based Compression (a) Compression Process (b) Decompression
Process...20
Figure. 1.6: The Lena image: (a) Original 128 * 128 image. (b ) 16 * 16 sub-sampled image,
Search reference of image..22
Figure 3.1 Evolution of MATLAB....36
Figure 5.1: JPEG transformation compression starts by breaking into 8x8 groups each contain
64 pixels. .......46
Figure 5.2: Second Level Decomposition.....48
Figure 5.3: Two Dimensional DWT....49
Figure 5.4: Two Dimensional IDWT...50
Figure 5.5: DCT of input image 5.bmp...51
Figure 5.6: Second level wavelets decomposition of input image 5.bmp...51
Figure 5.7: Compression Tool..52
Figure 5.8: Input Image53
Figure 5.9: Decompression Image....55
Figure 5.10: Decompression Image..58
Figure 5.11: Decompressed Image with Wavelets db8..61

Figure 5.12: Image For Calculation For Quality Parramter of db6.64

Figure 5.13: Snap shot For Quality Parramter of db6...65
Figure 5.14: Image For Calculation For Quality Parramter of db7..65
Figure 5.15: Snap shot For Quality Paramter of db7....66
Figure 5.16: Image For Calculation For Quality Parramter of db8..66
Figure 5.17: Snap shot For Quality Paramter of db8....67

List of Table
Table 5.1: compression details with db6.....53
Table 5.2: Result of compression ratio with db6....55
Table 5.3: Decompression details with db6....55
Table 5.4: Compression Details with db7..56
Table 5.5: Result of compression ratio with db7.......57
Table 5.6: decompression details with db7.58
Table 5.7: Compression details with db8....59
Table5.8: Result of compression ratio with db8.....60
Table 5.9: Decompression details with db8....61
Table 5.10: Comparison with different wavelets...61
Table 5.11: Quality Parameter Study.....67

List of Abbreviations
AD
AI
ASCII
BMP
BWT
CGM
CWT
DCT
DFT
DNG
DWT
ECW
EXIF
FITS
GEM
GIF
HDR
IDWT
JIFF
JPEG
JPS
MD
MFOCPN
MPO
MSE
NAE
NCC
PAM
PBM
PCX
PGF
PGM
PNG
PNM
PPI
PPM
PSD
PSNR
RLE

Average Difference
Adobe Illustrator
American Standard Code For Information Interchange
Bitmap Picture
Burrows-Wheeler Transform
Computer Graphics Metafile
Continuous Wavelet Transforms
Discrete Cosine Transform
Discrete Fourier Transform
Digital Negative
Discrete Wavelet Transform
Enhanced Compression Wavelet
Exchangeable Image File Format
Flexible Image Transport System
Graphical Environment Manager
Graphics Interchange Format
High-Dynamic-Range
Inverse Discrete Wavelet Transform
Jpeg File Interchange Format
Joint Photographic Experts Group
Jpeg Stereo
Maximum Difference
Modified Forward Only Counter Propagation Neural Network
Multi Picture Object
Mean Square Error
Normalized Absolute Error
Normalized Cross-Correlation
Portable Arbitrary Map
Portable Bitmap
Personal Computer Exchange
Progressive Graphics File
Portable Graymap
Portable Network Graphics
Portable Any Map
Pixels-Per-Inch
Portable Pixmap
Photoshop Document
Peak Signal To Noise Ratio
Run Length Encoding

SC
SID
SVG
TARGA
TIFF
XCF

Structural Content
Multiresolution Seamless Image Database
Scalable Vector Graphics
Truevision Advanced Raster Graphics Adapter
Tagged Image File Format
Experimental Computing Facility

ABSTRACT
Image Processing is a technique to enhance raw images received from cameras/sensors placed on
satellites, space probes and aircrafts or pictures taken in normal day-to-day life for various
applications. Digital imaging is the art of making digital images- photographs, printed texts, or
artwork - through the use of a digital camera or picture machine, or by scanning them as a
document. In image processing, an important part is the compression. This means the reducing
the dimensions of the images, to a level that can be easily used or processed. Image compression
using transform coding yields extremely good compression, with controllable degradation of
image quality. Our own experiences of using images for compression for course-work has led us
to think about many questions as to why there are so many algorithms and methods for storing
and transferring images in a compressed form
Compression technique is very critical problem now a day lot of technique are proposing with
different method or tool, here compression technique are proposing with the help of cosine
transformation and wavelets transformations with db6, db7 and db8. And calculate the
compression ratio using crossbreed architecture and wavelets db6, db7 and db8 and in the
last try to find out which transformation combination is best with respect to compression ratio.
Proposed algorithm has been successfully programmed using MATLAB and tested. We were
able to successfully implement the transformation. Experimental results show good compression
ratio for the image is obtained hence we conclude that hybrid algorithm is efficient technique for
image compression and decompression to some extent. Proposed algorithm is implemented in
MATLAB 2010.