QUESTION 1: TRIAL SELANGOR 2009

2(a) alpha 1
(b) Background emission // alpha has a short range in air 1
(c) 1. Correct axis
2. Correct curve
1
1
(d) Any value from 20-40 minutes // shown on graph 1

QUESTION 2: TRIAL KEDAH 2009

6(a) State the meaning correctly
- Time for the activity of the radioactive substance to become half of the original
activity // Time taken for half of the mass of radioactive substance to decay

1
(b) (i) State the half life correctly
- X : 10 minutes
- Y : 5 minutes

1
1
(b) (ii) State the answer correctly
- X : 50 %
- Y : 25 %

1
1
(c) State the comparison correctly
- The decay rates for substance X is slower//vice versa
State the relationship correctly
- The shorter the half life, the higher the decay rate

1

1
(d) Give the reason correctly
Background radiation

1


QUESTION 3: TRIAL PAHANG 2009

(a) Unstable isotope 1
(b)) D : Reading of rate meter increase 2
(c)(i) 226 Ra 222Rn = 4He
88 86 2
2
(c)(ii)

Sodium: 45/3=15 hrs
Cobalt 60: 15.9/3 = 5.3 yrs
Radium : 4860/3 = 1620 yrs
4
(d) Sodium 24 :
short half life
Emit beta, can penetrate soil
3

QUESTION 4: TRIAL PERAK 2009

8 (a) i


8 (a) ii


8 (a) iii


8 (b) i





8 hours
Shorter time taken

Strong
Gamma ray

Liquid
Easier to dissolved



8 (b) ii






8 (c) i


8 (c) ii


Geiger Muller Tube/ Spark counter/ Diffusion cloud Chamber/ Gold leaf
electroscope/ Photographic detector

To detect leakage in underground pipe/ Thickness control in paper and metal
sheet production/ Examine contamination in canned food/ In medical
treatment/ In archaeology/ In agriculture

QUESTION 5: TRIAL SBP 2008

2. (a)

(b)
(c) (i)
(ii)

(d)
Fast moving electron

GM tube
Decrease//low
The beta particle is block by the juice

Low penetrating power

1

1
1
1

1

QUESTION 6: TRIAL SBP 2009

12 (a) Radioisotopes are isotopes which have unstable nuclei. 1
(b)

Characteristics Explanation
Has a long half-
life
Can be used for a long time hence save cost
Emits beta Can penetrate box and liquid and is less
dangerous than gamma
Solid form Easy to handle and contain.
Low ionising
power
Does not change the state and taste of juice.
Radioisotope T It has long half life, emits beta, in solid form and
has low ionising power.



2

2

2
2

2


(c) (i) Geiger Muller Tube 1
(ii) 1. Bottle E
2. Rate meter reading is the highest
3. Most radiation can reach the detector without being block by
juice
1
1

1
(d)
1. Correctly stated that as He
4
2


2. Correctly stated that as e
0
1


3. Working is shown
4. X = 3
5. Y = 2

1

1


1
1
1
Total 20

QUESTION 7: TRIAL TERENGGANU 2008

Section Marks Answer Note
(a) 1 Unstable nucleus
(b)(i) 1

1
Exponential graph
The time taken for the activity to become half of its
initial value is constant


(ii) 1


1
The time taken for the activity of P to be half its initial
value is constant //5 hrs

The time taken for the activity of Q to be half its
initial value is constant //100 s

(iii) 1 Half-life
(c) 1

1

1

1

1
Put the radioactive source opposite the detector

Detector is connected to the thickness indicator

Detector detect the reading of the changes in counts

Thickness is measured with the thickness indicator

If the reading of the detector is less than the specified
value, the thickness of the paper is too tick/ vice versa

Max 4


(d) 1,2


3,4



5,6


7,8


9,10
Uses thick lead box
Radioactive rays cannot pass through

Packed into concrete drum and buried underground
Prevent the radioactive waste discharged to the
environment

Use forceps/ robotic hand
Avoid direct touching

Use siren
Faster warning when leakage

Wearing photographic films
Detect the exposure radiations
Accept other ways and
reasons
Total 20


QUESTION 8: TRIAL KELANTAN 2008
12(a) (i) The time taken for half of nucleus radioactive material to decay. 1
12(a) (ii) Fast moving electron / electron 1
12(a) (iii) Geiger-Muller tube 1
12 (b) 800 ---------> 400 ---------> 200 ----------> 100----------> 50 // 1
14 days 14 days 14 days 14 days

No. of T 1/2 = 4

4 x 14 days // 64 days 1
12 (c) - The state of matter of radioisotope is solid.
- Easier to handled.

- Emits gamma-ray.
- Penetrating power is high.

- Long half-life.
- Last longer.

- The most suitable radioisotope is Cobalt-60.
- Because the state of matter is solid, emits gamma-ray and long half-life

12(d)(i) The process of breaking up of on heavy nucleus into lighter nucleus.
12(d)(ii) - Neutron bombarded a uranium nucleus //Diagram
- Three neutrons produced // Diagram
- The new neutron bombarded a new uranium nucleus // Diagram
- For every reaction, the neutrons produced will

12(d)(iii)


QUESTION 9: TRIAL SBP 2013

12 (a) Cosmic ray// radiation from surrounding //radioactive materials from earth//
leakage of radioactive from nuclear power plant
(b)(i) Alpha
(b)(ii) 1. The ray ionises the air molecule
2. Negative ions attracted to the plate
3. Neutralised the electroscope
(c) Characteristics Reasoning
Liquid Easy to flow with blood
Short half life Not long in the body // less harmful
Gamma Ray Cannot ionised the living cell // high penetrating power
GM tube detector Can detect ray effectively// portable
K is chosen Because it is in liquid state , has short half life, emits gamma ray and
can be detected easily detected by GM tube detector.



(d) (i) m = [235.04392 + 1.00867] [140.91963 + 92.92157 + 2(1.00867)]
= [236.05259] [ 235.85854]
= 0.19405u
m = 0.19405 x 1.66 x 10
-27

= 0.0322 x 10
-27

= 3.22123 x 10
-28
kg

(ii) E = mc
2

= (3.22123 x 10
-29
) (3.0 x 10
8
)
2

= 28.99x10
7
x 10
-12

= 2.899x10
7
x 10
-11
J




QUESTION 10: TRIAL SBP 2012

12 (a) (i)
State the meaning of radioisotope
Unstable isotope

(ii)
State the explanation
1. Beta particles penetrates through the paper and
2. detected by the detector
3.If the detector detect lower reading the paper is too thick // If the detector detect higher reading
the paper is thin
4. The roller has to compress harder if the paper is thick // Vice versa

(b)(i)
Aspects Reasoning
Graphite to slow down the fast neutrons produced by the fission.
Boron / Cadmium to absorb some of the neutrons // reduce the rate of the fission
reaction.

Heavy water To absorb heat from the nuclear reaction.
// have high specific heat capacity

Thick To prevent leakage of radiation from the reactor core
R is chosen Graphite,Boron, heavy water and thick wall

(b)(ii)