The siphon hole, as it is termed, should be turned in the direction opposite the eccentric

hole, which is for the hot-waterexit, so that the stream of cold water which issues there
when water is coming into thereservoirwill not cut across and interfere with the hot
service which is always leaving thereservoirat the same time. If the delivery were placed
nearest the side hole, hot water from the stove would have to pass around it in order to
reach the exit. Delivering the cold through a pipe passing down through the volume of
hot water is no material retardation of the heating process. The heat thus absorbed by
the cold delivery is simply that much aid tothe ultimatepurpose. This cannot be said of
the siphon-hole jet when directed across the hot exit or in its direction.
The object in putting the siphon-hole near the upper head is to avoid siphoning more
water than necessary, as the waste tubes of stop and waste cocks are generally left
open - not connected to drains, and often not even discharging where the waste can be
left to take care of itself. oreover, it is a waste of the stored hot water to siphon out
severalinchesfrom the hottest point.
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#are should be taken not to have the hot connection extend into the upper head below
the innersurface, as this would form an airspace which could not be filled with water,
and thus annoying noise and the formation of steam would be favored, if no other
conse$uence presented itself.
It is essential to keep the water-back or coil filled. %ometimes the supply may be off for
a day or so. &o water can then be drawn at the regular faucets' and extreme care
should be taken not to draw too much from the sediment faucet, as this is the time when
temptation to use it is hard to overcome. Thereservoirfull will keep the level above the
side hole for weeks, if none is deliberately drawn out. Theheightof the water can be told
by tapping on the shell, and in no case should it be allowed to fall below the side
opening' neither will it do to empty thereservoirand use the fire with the back empty.
(ither keep water in thereservoirin cases of emergency, or remove thewater
heateraltogether and substitute a tile back until regular water supply can be had.
)reservoircan be replenished with a pail and funnel, by hand, by loosening one of the
top connections.
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*ig. +,. -ori.ontal -ot /ater %torage!eservoirwith %team #oil of 0rass 1ipe for
-eating 2sed /here %team 1ressure is #onstantly aintained..
In apartmentor other houses where steam pressure is constantly maintained, the
wholeplumbingsystem is usually supplied with hot water through the medium of
areservoirprovided with steam coil of iron, brass, or copper pipe, as shown in *igs. +,
and +3. The trombone coil, illustrated in *ig. +,, can be used only on hori.ontal tanks' it
would not drain in any other position. The condensed steam is wasted into the sewer,
delivered to a hot well, or returned by steamtrap.
The efficiency of a steam coil when surrounded by water is much greater than when
placed in the air. )n iron pipe will give off about ,44 thermal units per s$uare foot of
surface per hour for each degree difference in temperature between the steam and the
surrounding water. This is assuming that the water is circulating throughthe heaterso
that it moves over the coil at a moderate velocity. The condensing power of galvani.ed
pipe is very nearly the same as that of plain iron, its coating being an alloy and not pure
.inc as is generally supposed. The ratio of absorption decreases as the temperature of
the water approaches that of the steam surface. In assuming the temperature of the
water, take the average between that at the inlet and that at the outlet.
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