Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport PDF

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Ronald Reagan
Washington National Airport
IATA: DCA ICAO: KDCA FAA LID: DCA
Summary
Airport type Public
Owner Metropolitan Washington Airports
Authority
Operator Metropolitan Washington Airports
Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport (IATA:
DCA, ICAO: KDCA, FAA LID: DCA) is a public airport 3
miles (4.8 km) south of downtown Washington, D.C., in
Arlington County, Virginia.
[2]
It is the commercial airport
nearest to Washington, D.C. For decades it was called
Washington National Airport; it was renamed in 1998 to
honor former U.S. President Ronald Reagan. The
Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority (MWAA)
operates the airport with close oversight by the federal
government due to its proximity to the national capital.
Reagan National is a hub for US Airways, Reagan National's
largest carrier. US Airways Shuttle has near-hourly air
shuttle flights to New York LaGuardia Airport and Logan
International Airport in Boston, and Delta Air Lines' Delta
Shuttle has near-hourly air shuttle flights to LaGuardia.
Other than 40 slot exemptions, flights into and out of DCA
are not allowed to exceed 1,250 statute miles in any direction
nonstop, in an effort to send air traffic to the larger but more
distant Washington Dulles International Airport. In 2010 the
airport served about 18.1 million passengers.
[5]
Coordinates: 385108N 0770216W
Authority
Serves Washington Metropolitan Area
Location Arlington County, Virginia
Hub for
US Airways
[1]
Elevation AMSL 15 ft / 5 m
Coordinates 385108N 0770216W
Website http://mwaa.com/reagan/reagan.htm
Maps
FAA airport diagram
Reagan National only has United States immigration and
customs facilities for corporate jet traffic; the only
international flights allowed to land at DCA are those from
airports with U.S. Customs and Border Protection
preclearance facilities. Other international passenger flights
must use Dulles or Baltimore/Washington International
Airport.
Contents
1 History
1.1 Expansion
1.2 Transfer of control and renaming
1.3 Construction of current terminal buildings
2 Operations
2.1 Tightened security and safety concerns
2.2 The "River Visual" approach
2.3 Perimeter restrictions
3 Terminals
3.1 Terminal A
3.2 Terminals B and C
4 Airlines and destinations
Location within Virginia
Runways
Direction Length Surface
ft m
1/19 7,169 2,094 Asphalt
4/22 4,911 1,497 Asphalt
15/33 5,204 1,586 Asphalt
Source:
Federal Aviation Administration
[2]
Washington National Airport
Terminal and South Hangar
Line
U.S. National Register of
Historic Places
Virginia Landmarks Register
Location Thomas
4.1 Passenger service
5 Traffic and statistics
6 Ground transportation
6.1 Rail
6.2 Bus
6.3 Taxi
6.4 Airport Shuttle
6.5 Roads
6.6 Bicycle
7 Abingdon Plantation Historical Site
8 Incidents and accidents
8.1 Eastern Air Lines Flight 537
8.2 Air Florida Flight 90
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
History
DCA
Ave.,
Arlington,
Virginia
Area 18.1 acres
(7.3 ha)
Built 1941
Architectural style Moderne
Governing body Federal
NRHP Reference # 97001111
[3]
VLR # 000-0045
Significant dates
Added to NRHP September
12, 1997
Designated VLR June 27,
1995
[4]
Terminal building in July
1941, shortly after it opened.
Photograph by Jack Delano.
Terminal building from the
tarmac in July, 1941.
Hoover Field, near the present site of the Pentagon, was the first major terminal to
be developed in the Capital area, opening its doors in 1926. The facility's single
runway was crossed by a street; guards had to
stop automobile traffic during takeoffs and
landings. The following year Washington
Airport, another privately operated field, began
service next door.
[6]
In 1930 the Depression
caused the two terminals to merge to form
WashingtonHoover Airport. Bordered on the
east by U.S. Route 1, with its accompanying high-
tension electrical wires, and obstructed by a high
smokestack on one approach and a dump nearby,
the field was inadequate.
Although the need for a better airport was
acknowledged in 37 studies conducted between
1926 and 1938,
[6]
there was a statutory
prohibition against federal development of
airports. When Congress lifted the prohibition in
1938, President Franklin D. Roosevelt made a recess appropriation of $15 million
to build National Airport by reallocating funds from other purposes. Construction
of Washington National Airport began in 194041 by a company led by John
McShain. Congress challenged the legality of FDR's recess appropriation, but
construction of the new airport continued.
[7]
The airport is southwest of Washington, D.C. The western part of the airport was once within a large Virginia
plantation, a remnant of which is now inside a historic site located near the airport's Metrorail station (see
Abingdon (plantation) for history). The eastern part of the airport was constructed in the District of Columbia on and
Reagan Washington sign
near mudflats that were within the tidal Potomac River near Gravelly Point, about 4 statute miles (6.4 km) from the
United States Capitol, using landfill dredged from the Potomac.
The airport opened June 16, 1941.
[6]
In 1945 Congress passed a law that established the airport was legally within
Virginia but under the jurisdiction of the federal government;
[6]
on July 1 of that year, the airport's weather station
became the official point for Washington, D.C.'s weather observations and records by the National Weather
Service.
[8]
The April 1957 Official Airline Guide shows 316 weekday departures: 95 Eastern (plus six a week to/from South
America), 77 American, 61 Capital, 23 National, 17 TWA, 10 United, 10 Delta, 6 Allegheny, 6 Braniff, 5 Piedmont,
3 Northeast and 3 Northwest. Jet flights began in April 1966 (727-200s were not allowed until 1970).
[9]
Service to the airport's Metro station began in 1977.
[10]
The Washington National Airport Terminal and South Hangar Line were listed on the National Register of Historic
Places in 1997.
[3][11]
Expansion
The runway layout has changed little, except for the 1956 closure of a fourth,
eastwest runway now used for taxiing and aircraft parking. The terminal
building was supplemented by the North Terminal in 1958; the two were
connected in 1961. A United Airlines holdroom complex was built in 1965, and
a facility for American Airlines was completed in 1968. A commuter terminal
was constructed in 1970.
[6]
In March 2012 the main 1/19 runway was
lengthened 300 ft to add FAA compliant runway safety areas.
[12]
Despite the expansions, efforts have been made to restrict the growth of the airport. The advent of jet aircraft as
well as traffic growth led Congress to pass the Washington Airport Act of 1950, which resulted in the opening of
Dulles Airport in 1962. Concerns about aviation noise led to noise restrictions even before jet service began in
1966. To reduce congestion and drive traffic to alternative airports, the FAA imposed landing slot and perimeter
restrictions on National and four other high-density airports in 1969.
Transfer of control and renaming
In 1984 Secretary of Transportation Elizabeth Dole appointed a commission to study transferring National and
Dulles Airports from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to a local entity, which could use airport revenues
to finance improvements.
[7]
The commission recommended that one multi-state agency administer both Dulles and
National, over the alternative of having Virginia control Dulles and the District of Columbia control National.
[7]
In
1987 Congress, through legislation,
[13]
transferred control of the airport from the FAA to the new Metropolitan
Washington Airports Authority with the Authority's decisions being subject to a Congressional review panel. The
constitutionality of the review panel was later challenged in the Supreme Court and the Court has twice declared the
oversight panel unconstitutional.
[14]
Even after this decision, however, Congress has continued to intervene in the
management of the airports.
[15]
On February 6, 1998 President Bill Clinton signed legislation
[16]
changing the airport's name from Washington
National Airport to Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, to honor the former president on his 87th
birthday.
[17]
The legislation, passed by Congress in 1998, was drafted against the wishes of MWAA officials and
political leaders in Northern Virginia and Washington, D.C.
[18][19]
Opponents of the renaming argued that a large
federal office building had already been named for Reagan (the Ronald Reagan Building and International Trade
Center) and that the airport was already named for a United States President (George Washington).
[19]
The bill
expressly stated that it did not require the expenditure of any funds to accomplish the name change; however,
DCA control tower
and new terminal C
regional, state and federal authorities were later required to change highway and transit signs at their own additional
expense as new signs were made.
[20][21]
To this day air traffic controlers in the airport's tower use the call sign
"Washington Tower" or less frequently "National Tower". Pilots who call "Reagan Tower" are quickly corrected.
Construction of current terminal buildings
With the addition of more flights and limited space in the aging main terminal, the airport
began an extensive renovation and expansion in the 1990s. Hangar 11 on the northern end
of the airport was converted into The USAir Interim Terminal, designed by Joseph C.
Giuliani, FAIA. Soon after an addition for Delta Air Lines was added in 1989 and was
later converted to Authority offices. These projects allowed for the relocation of several
gates in the main terminal until the new $450 million terminal complex became
operational. On July 27, 1997, the new terminal complex, consisting of terminals B and C
and two parking garages, opened. Argentine architect Csar Pelli designed the new
terminals of the airport. The USAir Interim Terminal closed immediately after the opening
and was converted back into a hangar. One pier of the main terminal (now Terminal A),
which mainly housed American Airlines and Pan Am, was demolished; the other pier, originally designed for
Northwest/TWA remains operational today as gates 19.
Until 1999, Runways 1/19 and 4/22 were designated 18/36 and 3/21.
Operations
Tightened security and safety concerns
A Boeing 757-223 operated
by American Airlines on one
of the runways in March
1995; it was used on the
flight that crashed into the
Pentagon on September 11,
2001
Given Reagan National Airport's proximity to the city and high-security facilities,
Reagan National has extra security precautions required by the Washington Air
Defense Identification Zone that have been in place since the airport began
operations.
[23]
Prior to the September 11 attacks in 2001, the notable security measure was the
southbound approach into the airport. Most of central Washington D.C. is
prohibited airspace up to 18,000 feet (5,500 m). Due to this restriction, pilots
approaching from the north follow the path of the Potomac River and turn just
before landing. This approach is known as the River Visual. Similarly, flights
taking off to the north are required to climb quickly and turn left to avoid the
Washington Monument or flight over the White House.
[23][24]
After the attacks, the airport was closed for several weeks, and security was
tightened when it reopened. Increased security measures included:
A ban on aircraft with more than 156 seats (lifted in April 2002)
[25]
A ban on the "River Visual" approach (lifted in April 2002)
[25]
A requirement that, 30 minutes prior to landing or following takeoff, passengers were required to remain
seated; if anyone stood up, the aircraft was to be diverted to Washington Dulles International Airport under
military escort and the person standing would be detained and questioned by federal law enforcement officials
(lifted in July 2005)
[26]
A ban on general aviation (lifted in October 2005, subject to the restrictions below)
[27]
Many pilots
[22]
regard the
"River Visual" approach as
one of the more interesting in
the United States.
A U.S. Airways A319 on
final approach for National as
seen from the Arlington
Memorial Bridge.
On October 18, 2005, Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport was reopened
to general aviation on a limited basis (48 operations per day) and under
restrictions: passenger and crew manifests must be submitted to the Transportation
Security Administration 24 hours in advance, and all planes must pass through one
of 27 "gateway airports" where re-inspections of aircraft, passengers, and baggage
take place. An armed security officer must be on board before departing a gateway
airport.
[28]
On March 23, 2011, the air traffic control supervisor on duty reportedly fell asleep
during the night shift. Two aircraft on approach to the airport were unable to
contact anyone in the control tower and landed unassisted.
[29]
The "River Visual" approach
Reagan National Airport has noise restrictions that are some of the most restrictive
in the country.
[30]
Pilots are required to use the "River Visual" approach (used for
runway 19), which follows the Potomac River, and is only possible with a ceiling
of at least 3,500 feet (1,100 m) and visibility of 3 statute miles (4.8 km) or
more.
[31]
There are lights on the Key Bridge, Theodore Roosevelt Bridge,
Arlington Memorial Bridge, and the George Mason Memorial Bridge to aid pilots
following the river. Aircraft using the approach can be observed from various
parks on the river's west bank. Passengers on the left side of an airplane can see the
Capitol, the Washington Monument, the Jefferson Memorial, the World War II
Memorial, Georgetown University, the National Mall, and the White House.
Passengers on the right side can see CIA headquarters, Arlington National
Cemetery, the Pentagon, and the United States Air Force Memorial.
An American Airlines MD-80 flying the
River Visual approach by the Lincoln
Memorial.
When visibility and ceiling are below minimums for the River Visual and southerly winds restrict northbound
runway operations, aircraft fly an offset localizer or GPS approach to Runway 19, again involving a final turn
moments before touchdown, or they fly a VOR or GPS approach to either of the shorter Runways 15 and 22, which
are marginally long enough for airline jets.
Perimeter restrictions
Reagan National Airport is subject to a federally mandated perimeter
limitation and may not accommodate nonstop flights to or from cities
beyond 1,250-statute-mile (2,010 km), with limited exceptions. The U.S.
Department of Transportation has issued "beyond-perimeter slot
exemptions" which allow specified carriers to operate 20 daily round-
trip flights to cities outside the perimeter. The current exemptions are:
Airlines Destinations
Alaska Airlines
8 slots operating as 2x Seattle, 1x Los Angeles, 1x
Portland, OR
American
Airlines
4 slots operating as 2x Los Angeles
Delta Air Lines 4 slots operating as 2x Salt Lake City
Frontier Airlines 6 slots operating as 3x Denver
JetBlue Airways 2 slots operating as 1x San Juan
Southwest
Airlines
2 slots operating as 1x Austin
United Airlines 4 slots operating as 1x Denver, 1x San Francisco
US Airways 8 slots operating as 3x Phoenix, 1x Las Vegas
Virgin America 2 slots operating as 1x San Francisco
In 1999, Senator John McCain of Arizona introduced legislation to remove the 1,250-statute-mile (2,010 km)
restriction,
[32]
infuriating some local residents concerned about noise and traffic from increased service by larger,
long-haul aircraft. McCain argued that the move would improve competition, while some congressional staffers
thought he was supporting the interests of Phoenix, Arizona-based America West Airlines (AWA).
[33]
In the end the
restriction was not lifted, but the FAA was permitted to add additional exemptions, which went not to AWA but to
competitor Alaska Airlines. America West (now US Airways, which is itself now a part of American Airlines
Group) later gained additional exemptions for non-stop flights to Phoenix in 2004.
Originally the airport had no perimeter rule; from 1954 to 1960, airlines scheduled nonstop flights to California on
piston-engine airliners.
[34][35]
Scheduled jet airliners were not allowed at all until April 1966; the perimeter rule
arrived with them, and apparently applied only to them. The initial perimeter was 650 statute miles (1,050 km),
except that airports under 1,000 statute miles (1,600 km) that had scheduled nonstops in 1965 were allowed to
retain them. This meant MinneapolisSaint Paul was allowed nonstop jet flights but Kansas City, New Orleans, and
Fort Lauderdale were not. In 1981 the perimeter became a flat 1,000 statute miles (1,600 km); it expanded to 1,250
statute miles (2,010 km), enough to encompass Houston, in 198687.
In May 2012, the U.S. Department of Transportation granted new perimeter exemptions for: Alaska Airlines for
service to Portland, Ore.; JetBlue Airways for San Juan, Puerto Rico; Southwest Airlines for Austin, Texas; and
Virgin America for San Francisco. Additionally, "the new law also allowed four large carriers already serving
Reagan National to exchange a total of eight slots for flights within the perimeter for an equal number of slot
exemptions to permit nonstop flights beyond the perimeter. As a result, American Airlines traded one round-trip
flight to DallasFort Worth for a flight to Los Angeles, Delta Air Lines traded one round-trip flight to New York
LaGuardia Airport for a flight to Salt Lake City, United Airlines traded one round-trip flight to ChicagoO'Hare for
a flight to San Francisco, and US Airways traded one round-trip flight to DallasFort Worth for a flight to San
Diego."
[36]
Terminals
The main hall connecting
Terminals B and C.
Terminal A
Terminal A opened in 1941 and was expanded in 1955 to accommodate more
passengers and airlines. The exterior of this terminal has been restored its original
architecture, with the airside facade restored in 2004 and the landside facade
restored in 2008.
[37]
The terminal is currently undergoing a $37 million renovation
that will modernize the airports look by bringing in brighter lighting, more
windows and new flooring. The project is expected to be completed by the end of
2013.
[38]
Terminals B and C
Terminals B and C opened in 1997, replacing a collection of airline-specific terminals built during the 1960s. The
new terminals were designed by architect Cesar Pelli and house 35 gates.
Airlines and destinations
Passenger service
Destination map
Airlines Destinations Terminal
Air Canada
Express
MontralTrudeau, Ottawa, TorontoPearson A
AirTran Airways
operated by
Southwest Airlines
Atlanta (ends November 1, 2014), Fort Myers (ends August 9, 2014), Milwaukee (ends
November 1, 2014)
A
Alaska Airlines Los Angeles, Portland (OR), Seattle/Tacoma B (Pier 1)
American Airlines ChicagoO'Hare, Dallas/Fort Worth, Los Angeles, Miami, New York-JFK B (Pier 2)
American Eagle ChicagoO'Hare, Nashville, New YorkJFK, St. Louis B (Pier 2)
Delta Air Lines Atlanta, Detroit, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Salt Lake City B (Pier 1)
Delta Connection
Cincinnati, Detroit, Lexington, Madison, Memphis, Minneapolis/St. Paul, New York
JFK, Omaha
B (Pier 1)
Delta Shuttle New YorkLaGuardia B (Pier 1)
Frontier Airlines Denver A
JetBlue Airways
Boston, Charleston (SC), Fort Lauderdale, Hartford, Nassau, Orlando, San Juan, Tampa
Seasonal: Fort Myers (begins December 18, 2014),
[39]
West Palm Beach (begins
December 18, 2014)
[40]
A
1
Akron/Canton (begins November 2, 2014), Atlanta, Austin, Chicago-Midway (begins
Southwest Airlines
Akron/Canton (begins November 2, 2014), Atlanta, Austin, Chicago-Midway (begins
August 10, 2014), DallasLove (begins October 13, 2014), Fort Myers (begins August
10, 2014), HoustonHobby, Indianapolis (begins November 2, 2014), Kansas City,
Milwaukee, Nashville (begins August 10, 2014), New Orleans (begins August 10, 2014),
St. Louis, Tampa (begins September 30, 2014)
A
Sun Country
Airlines
Lansing, Minneapolis/St. Paul A
United Airlines ChicagoO'Hare, Denver, HoustonIntercontinental, San Francisco B (Pier 1)
United Express ChicagoO'Hare, Cleveland, Newark B (Pier 1)
US Airways
Charlotte, Fort Lauderdale, Las Vegas, Orlando, Philadelphia, Phoenix, Tampa
Seasonal: Bermuda, Fort Myers, West Palm Beach
B (Pier 2), C
US Airways
Express
Akron/Canton, Albany (NY), Bangor, Birmingham (AL), Buffalo, Burlington (VT),
Charleston (SC), Charleston (WV), Charlotte, Chattanooga, Cincinnati, Columbia (SC),
Columbus (OH), Dayton, Detroit (ends August 18, 2014), Des Moines, Fort Myers,
Greensboro, Greenville/Spartanburg, Hartford, Huntsville, Indianapolis, Jackson (MS),
Jacksonville (FL), Kansas City, Knoxville, Long Island/Islip (ends July 1, 2014),
Louisville, Manchester (NH), Memphis, Minneapolis/St. Paul (ends July 1, 2014), Myrtle
Beach (ends June 29, 2014), Nashville, New Orleans, Norfolk, Orlando, Pensacola (ends
July 1, 2014), Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Portland (ME), Providence, Raleigh/Durham,
Rochester (NY), Sarasota, Savannah (ends July 1, 2014), Syracuse, Tallahassee (ends
June 18, 2014), TorontoPearson, West Palm Beach, White Plains
Seasonal: Asheville, Fort Lauderdale, Halifax, Key West, Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket,
Tampa, Wilmington (ends June 29, 2014)
B (Pier 2), C
US Airways
Shuttle
Boston, New YorkLaGuardia C
Virgin America DallasLove (begins October 13, 2014), San Francisco B (Pier 2)
Notes
This is a view of the airport from the
north, showing terminals B and C. It was
taken from Gravelly Point, a popular
park where people can watch planes take
off or land.
^1 Moving to Terminal B in Summer 2014
[41]
Traffic and statistics
In 2013, Reagan National Airport handled 20,415,085 passengers, which
was a new record.
[42]
US Airways has the largest share of traffic at the
airport, accounting for 19.97% as of June 2012. Delta Air Lines, the
second largest, accounts for 13.00% of traffic, with American Airlines in
third at 12.71%.
[43]
Busiest Domestic Routes from DCA (April 2013 March 2014)
[43]
Rank Airport Passengers Carriers
1 Atlanta, Georgia 788,000 AirTran, Delta
2 Chicago (O'Hare), Illinois 702,000 American, United
3 Boston, Massachusetts 677,000 JetBlue, US Airways
4
New York (LaGuardia), New
York
427,000 Delta, US Airways
5 Orlando, Florida 411,000
AirTran, JetBlue, US
Airways
6 Miami, Florida 398,000 American
7 Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas 388,000 American
8 Charlotte, North Carolina 297,000 US Airways
9
Minneapolis/St. Paul,
Minnesota
280,000
Delta, Sun Country, US
Airways
10 Detroit, Michigan 274,000 Delta, US Airways
Largest Airlines at DCA (December
2013)
[44]
Rank Airline Passengers
1 US Airways 712,164
2 American Airlines 230,887
3 Delta Air Lines 225,056
4 United Airlines 144,240
5 JetBlue 112,555
6
Southwest Airlines
1
92,683
7 Frontier Airlines 38,559
8 Alaska Airlines 35,548
9 Air Canada 19,202
10 Sun Country Airlines 9,290
Notes
^1 Includes AirTran Airways
Traffic by calendar year
[5]
Passengers
Change
from
previous
year
Aircraft
operations
Cargo
(pounds)
[45]
2002 12,881,601 2.89% 215,691 12,925,992
2003 14,223,123 10.41% 250,802 12,732,373
2004 15,944,542 12.10% 268,576 11,182,022
2005 17,847,884 11.94% 276,056 8,751,702
2006 18,550,785 3.94% 276,419 7,963,107
2007 18,679,343 0.69% 275,433 5,544,936
2008 18,028,287 3.49% 277,298 7,321,546
2009 17,577,359 2.50% 272,146 12,811,229
2010 18,118,713 3.08% 271,097 14,506,056
2011 18,823,094 3.89% 281,770 13,802,787
2012 19,655,440 4.42% 288,176 13,138,554
2013
[42]
20,415,085 3.90% 292,648 4,193,190
Ground transportation
Rail
The airport is served by a
Metro stop, and has shuttle
buses connecting to Terminal
A.
A view of one of the terminals of the airport from the Metro
The Ronand Reagan Washington National Airport station on the Washington Metro, serving the Yellow and Blue
lines, is located on an elevated outdoor platform station adjacent to Terminals B and C. An elevated pedestrian
walkway connects the station directly to the concourse levels of Terminals B and C. An underground pedestrian
walkway and shuttle services provide access to Terminal A.
Bus
Metrobus provides service on weekend mornings before the Metro station opens or
during any disruptions to regular Metro service.
Taxi
Taxicab services are available at the Ground Transportation area of all terminal
buildings. Taxicabs that serve the airport are required to be licensed and are
regulated by either Washington, D.C. or Virginia local governments.
Airport Shuttle
Shared-ride shuttle services are available from
several providers including SuperShuttle and Supreme
Shuttle.
Roads
Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport is
located on the George Washington Memorial Parkway, and connected to U.S. Route 1 by the Airport Viaduct (State
Route 233). Interstate 395 is just north of DCA, and is accessible by the G.W. Parkway and U.S. Route 1.
[46]
Airport-operated parking garage facilities as well as economy lots are available adjacent to or near the various
airport terminals.
Bicycle
The airport is accessible by bicycle (and foot) from the Mt. Vernon Trail as well as the sidewalk along the airport
access road leading from [Jefferson Davis Highway]. A total of 48 bike parking spots are available across six
separate bike racks.
[47]
Abingdon Plantation Historical Site
A part of the airport is located on the former site of the 18th and 19th century Abingdon plantation, which was
associated with the prominent Alexander, Custis, Stuart, and Hunter families.
[48]
In 1998, MWAA opened a
historical display around the restored remnants of two Abingdon buildings and placed artifacts collected from the
site in an exhibit hall in Terminal A.
[49][50]
The Abingdon site is located on a knoll between parking Garage A and
Garage B/C, near the south end of the Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport Metrorail station.
[49][51][52][53]
Incidents and accidents
Eastern Air Lines Flight 537
On November 1, 1949, a mid-air collision between an Eastern Air Lines passenger aircraft and a P-38 Lightning
military plane took the lives of 55 passengers. The sole survivor was the Bolivian ace pilot of the fighter plane,
Erick Rios Bridoux.
[54]
Air Florida Flight 90
wreckage being
removed from the
Potomac River
(January 19, 1982)
Bridoux's plane had taken off from National just 10 minutes earlier and was in contact with the tower during a brief
test flight. The Eastern Air Lines DC-4 was on approach from the south when the nimble and much faster P-38
banked and plunged right into the passenger plane. Both aircraft dropped into the Potomac River.
Air Florida Flight 90
On the afternoon of January 13, 1982,
[55]
following a period of exceptionally cold weather and a morning of
blizzard conditions, Air Florida Flight 90 crashed after waiting forty-nine minutes on a
taxiway and taking off with ice and snow on the wings. The Boeing 737 aircraft failed to
gain altitude. Less than 1 statute mile (1.6 km) from the end of the runway, the airplane
struck the 14th Street Bridge complex, shearing the tops off vehicles stuck in traffic before
plunging through the 1-inch-thick (25 mm) ice covering the Potomac River. Rescue
responses were greatly hampered by the weather and traffic. Due to heroic action on the
part of motorists, a United States Park Service police helicopter crew, and one of the
plane's passengers who later perished, five occupants of the downed plane survived. The
other 74 people who had been aboard died, as well as four occupants of vehicles on the
bridge. President Reagan cited motorist Lenny Skutnik in his State of the Union Address a
few weeks later.
See also
References
1. ^ US Airways Declares National Airport a Hub at Senate Hearing (http://www.thestreet.com/story/11874226/1/us-
airways-declares-national-airport-a-hub-at-senate-hearing.html?cm_ven=RSSFeed). TheStreet (2013-03-20). Retrieved on
2013-08-16.
2. ^
a

b
FAA Airport Master Record for DCA (http://www.gcr1.com/5010web/airport.cfm?Site=DCA) (Form 5010
2. ^
a

b
FAA Airport Master Record for DCA (http://www.gcr1.com/5010web/airport.cfm?Site=DCA) (Form 5010
(http://www.gcr1.com/5010web/Rpt_5010.asp?au=PU&o=PU&faasite=03001.*A&fn=DCA) PDF)
3. ^
a

b
"National Register Information System" (http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/natreg/docs/All_Data.html). National Register of
Historic Places. National Park Service. 2010-07-09.
4. ^ "Virginia Landmarks Register" (http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/register_counties_cities.htm). Virginia Department
of Historic Resources. Retrieved 05-12-2013.
5. ^
a

b
"Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport (DCA) Air Traffic Statistics"
(http://www.mwaa.com/reagan/1279.htm). Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority. 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
6. ^
a

b

c

d

e
"History" (http://www.mwaa.com/reagan/1277.htm). Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority. 2011.
Retrieved 2011-03-24.
7. ^
a

b

c
Feaver, Douglas B. (July 16, 1997). "Years of Deal-Making Enabled Change From 'Disgrace' to Showplace"
(http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/local/longterm/library/airport/history.htm). Washington Post. Retrieved 2009-
12-20.
8. ^ http://threadex.rcc-acis.org
9. ^ Aviation Daily 26 Feb 1971 p314
10. ^ "History of Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport" (http://www.metwashairports.com/2455.htm). Metropolitan
Washington Airports Authority. 2011. Retrieved 2011-03-24.
11. ^ Carol Hooper, Elizabeth Lampl, and Judith Robinson (April 1994). "National Register of Historic Places
Inventory/Nomination: Washington National Airport Terminal and South Hangar Line"
(http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Counties/Arlington/000-
0045_W.National_Airport_Terminal_1997_Final_Nomination.pdf). and Accompanying photo
(http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Counties/Arlington/Washington_Reagan_Airport.htm)
12. ^ Runway Projects (http://www.metwashairports.com/reagan/3925.htm). Metwashairports.com. Retrieved on 2013-08-
16.
13. ^ "Metropolitan Washington Airports Act of 1986", Public Law No. 99-500, Section 6001
14. ^ METROPOLITAN WASHINGTON AIRPORTS AUTHORITY v. CITIZENS FOR THE ABATEMENT OF
AIRCRAFT NOISE, INC., 501 U.S. 252 (1991).
15. ^ This can be seen by Congress's continued use of legislation to limit the number of flights at National Airport, as well as
expanding the perimeter and number of exemptions for flights outside that limit.
16. ^ "Public Law No. 105-154, "To rename the Washington National Airport located in the District of Columbia and Virginia
as the `Ronald Reagan National Airport'"" (http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d105:s.01575:). January 27, 1998.
17. ^ "It's Reagan Airport now" (http://news.google.com/newspapers?
id=K6cgAAAAIBAJ&sjid=6WgFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4387,3903666&dq=ronald+reagan+washington+national+airport+clinto
n&hl=en). McCook Daily Gazette (Archived by Google News Archive). Associated Press. February 7, 1998.
18. ^ Alvarez, Lizette (February 4, 1998). "G.O.P. Tries to Wrap Up an Airport for Reagan"
(http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?
res=9905E5DA163DF937A35751C0A96E958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=2). The New York Times.
19. ^
a

b
"Congress Votes for Reagan Airport" (http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-
srv/local/longterm/library/airport/overview5.htm). Washington Post. February 5, 1998. p. A01. Retrieved 2009-12-20.
20. ^ "Hansen in road sign rage over lack of Reagan airport markers" (http://www.deseretnews.com/article/634405/Hansen-
in-road-sign-rage-over-lack-of-Reagan-airport-markers.html). Deseret News. June 7, 1998.
21. ^ Zachary M. Shrag (2006). The Great Society Subway: A History of the Washington Metro
(http://books.google.com/books?id=vDQI-
02wki0C&pg=PA258&lpg=PA258&dq=wmata+required+reagan+name+change+signs&source=bl&ots=JBhYPYZWh1&
sig=3pkNlp0X3y6WJ5AoJ77RNhQ2mbc&hl=en&sa=X&ei=xeCcT8eRO-
esiQLzrsBf&ved=0CCsQ6AEwATgK#v=onepage&q=wmata%20required%20reagan%20name%20change%20signs&f=f
alse). JHU Press. p. 258.
22. ^ "Why you should NEVER fly into Washington National Airport" (http://jethead.wordpress.com/2011/12/24/why-you-
should-never-fly-into-washington-national-airport/). JetHead's Blog. 2011-12-24. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
23. ^
a

b
"Security-Restricted Airspace" (http://www.faa.gov/news/fact_sheets/news_story.cfm?newsId=6297). Federal
23. ^
a

b
"Security-Restricted Airspace" (http://www.faa.gov/news/fact_sheets/news_story.cfm?newsId=6297). Federal
Aviation Administration. December 13, 2005. Retrieved July 15, 2009.
24. ^ "eCFR-Code of Federal Regulations" (http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/retrieveECFR?
gp=&SID=a34480103c9ffb0f2f987b4e9dbe8e10&n=14y2.0.1.3.11&r=PART&ty=HTML#14:2.0.1.3.11.19). U.S.
Government Printing Office. Retrieved 2014-05-05.
25. ^
a

b
"Secretary Mineta Announces Beginning of Security Screening Program; BWI First to Deploy Federal Screening
Personnel" (http://www.tsa.gov/press/releases/2002/press_release_0051.shtm). Transportation Security Administration.
2002-04-24. Retrieved 2007-03-26.
26. ^ "TSA Suspends 30-Minute Rule for Reagan National Airport"
(http://www.tsa.gov/press/releases/2005/press_release_0607.shtm). Transportation Security Administration. 2005-07-14.
27. ^ "TSA Opens Ronald Reagan Washington Airport to General Aviation Operations"
(http://www.tsa.gov/press/releases/2005/press_release_0627.shtm). Transportation Security Administration. 2005-10-18.
28. ^ "Restoration of General Aviation at Washington Reagan National Airport" (http://archive.today/yBvx). Transportation
Security Administration. Retrieved 2011-03-24.
29. ^ " "Uncontrolled airport" situation at Washington National" (http://www.eturbonews.com/21941/air-traffic-controller-
sleeping-planes-land-without-help). eTurboNews. Retrieved 25 March 2011.
30. ^ "Aircraft Noise Procedures and Guidelines at Reagan National Airport" (http://www.mwaa.com/reagan/2544.htm).
Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority. Retrieved February 21, 2010.
31. ^ Garrison, Kevin (1993). Congested Airspace: A Pilot's Guide (Command Decisions Ser.)
(http://books.google.com/books?
id=1wHJd7_3wqEC&q=%22River+Visual+approach%22&dq=%22River+Visual+approach%22). Riverside, Conn:
Belvoir Publications. p. 157. ISBN 1-879620-13-8.
32. ^ Sipress, Alan (November 11, 1999). "More Flights Unlikely Now At National"
(http://search.proquest.com/docview/408563593/13BE2100B116D9C419D/11?accountid=46320). The Washington Post.
p. B1.
33. ^ Sipress, Alan (March 5, 1999). "3 Senators Gain From Airport Bill" (http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1999-03-
05/news/9903040602_1_national-airlines-reagan-national-airport-nonstop-flights). The Washington Post
(SunSentinel.com).
34. ^ http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/complete/aa58/aa58-03.jpg
35. ^ http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/complete/tw59/tw59-04.jpg
36. ^ DOT Selects Four Cities to Receive New Nonstop Service to Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport | Department
of Transportation (http://www.dot.gov/briefing-room/dot-selects-four-cities-receive-new-nonstop-service-ronald-reagan-
washington-national). Dot.gov (2012-05-14). Retrieved on 2013-08-16.
37. ^ "History of Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport" (http://www.mwaa.com/reagan/1277.htm). Metropolitan
Washington Airports Authority. Retrieved August 29, 2013.
38. ^ Aratani, Lori (August 27, 2013). "Reagan Nationals Terminal A is Getting $37M Facelift"
(http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/trafficandcommuting/reagan-national-terminal-a-gets-37m-
facelift/2013/08/27/5ff44076-f3e5-11e2-9434-60440856fadf_story.html). The Washington Post. Retrieved August 29,
2013.
39. ^ http://finance.yahoo.com/news/jetblue-continues-expand-ronald-reagan-140000846.html
40. ^ http://finance.yahoo.com/news/jetblue-continues-expand-ronald-reagan-140000846.html
41. ^ New Airline Locations Announced for Reagan National (http://www.mwaa.com/6902.htm). Mwaa.com (2014-03-19).
Retrieved on 2014-04-28.
42. ^
a

b
"Air Traffic Statistics: December 2013" (http://www.metwashairports.com/file/Tab_5.2-140219.pdf). Metropolitan
Washington Airports Authority. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
43. ^
a

b
"Washington, DC: Ronald Reagan Washington National (DCA)" (http://www.transtats.bts.gov/airports.asp?
pn=1&Airport=DCA). Bureau of Transportation Statistics. Retrieved November 2013.
44. ^ http://www.metwashairports.com/file/Dec_13_ATS.PDF
44. ^ http://www.metwashairports.com/file/Dec_13_ATS.PDF
45. ^ Total cargo (Freight, Express, & Mail).
46. ^ Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority (2011). "Directions to Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport
(DCA)" (http://mwaa.com/reagan/1281.htm). Reagan National Airport (http://mwaa.com/reagan/reagan.htm). Retrieved
2011-10-21.
47. ^ "Washington National Airport Pedestrian/Bike Access" (http://www.crystalcity.org/_files/docs/dcabikemap.pdf). Crystal
City Business Improvement District. Retrieved 4 June 2014.
48. ^ Templeman, Eleanor Lee (1959). Arlington Heritage: Vignettes of a Virginia County (http://books.google.com/books?
id=FBQ8AAAAMAAJ). New York: Avenel Books, a division of Crown Publishers, Inc. pp. 1213.
49. ^
a

b
Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority (November 12, 1998). "Historic Site At Airport Open to Travelers And
Public"
(http://replay.waybackmachine.org/20081120051853/http://www.metwashairports.com/news_publications/newsroom/pres
s_releases/1998/historic_site_at_airport). Archived from the original
(http://www.metwashairports.com/news_publications/newsroom/press_releases/1998/historic_site_at_airport) on 2008-11-
20. Retrieved 2008-03-04.
50. ^ Sipress, Alan (1998-11-11). "At National Airport, A Historic Destination"
(http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/35869785.html?
FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Nov+11%2C+1998&author=Alan+Sipress&desc=At+National+Airport%2C+A+Hist
oric+Destination%3B+On+Acre+Nestled+Between+Parking+Garages+Are+Restored+Ruins+of+Colonial+Plantation).
The Washington Post (Washington, D.C.: The Washington Post Company). pp. B1, B7.
51. ^ "Parking Map" (http://www.metwashairports.com/image/dca_parking_map.jpg). DCA Terminal Map
(http://www.metwashairports.com/reagan/DCA_Terminal_Map.htm). Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority
(http://www.metwashairports.com/). June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-16.
52. ^ Cressey, Pamela J. (2002). Walk and Bike the Alexandria Heritage Trail: A Guide to Exploring a Virginia Town's
Hidden Past (http://books.google.com/books?id=E--KzyINwCMC). Capital Books. pp. 1617. ISBN 1-892123-89-4.
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Air Force Historical
Research Agency.
External links
Official website (http://www.mwaa.com/reagan/reagan.htm)
Airport Map (http://www.metwashairports.com/image/dca_parking_map.jpg) Metropolitan Washington
Airports Authority. June 2011
FAA Airport Diagram (http://aeronav.faa.gov/d-tpp/1406/00443AD.PDF) (PDF), effective May 29, 2014
FAA Terminal Procedures for DCA (http://aeronav.faa.gov/digital_tpp_search.asp?
fldIdent=DCA&fld_ident_type=FAA&ver=1406&eff=05-29-2014&end=06-26-2014&submit1=Search),
effective May 29, 2014
Resources for this airport:
AirNav airport information for KDCA (http://www.airnav.com/airport/KDCA)
53. ^ Coordinates of Abingdon Plantation historical site: 38514.8N 77240.2W
54. ^ "Planes Collide Near National Airport Killing 55; D.C. Loses Home Rule Advocate"
(http://ghostsofdc.org/2012/02/27/planes-collide-near-national-airport-killing-55-d-c-loses-home-rule-advocate/). Retrieved
2012-06-02.
55. ^ "We're Going Down, Larry" (http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,925270,00.html). Time 119 (007): 21.
February 15, 1982. Retrieved 2011-03-24.
ASN accident history for DCA (http://aviation-safety.net/database/airport/airport.php?id=DCA)
FlightAware airport information (http://flightaware.com/resources/airport/KDCA) and live flight tracker
(http://flightaware.com/live/airport/KDCA)
GlobalAir airport information for DCA (http://www.globalair.com/airport/apt.airport.aspx?
aptcode=DCA)
NOAA/NWS latest weather observations (http://www.crh.noaa.gov/data/obhistory/KDCA.html)
SkyVector aeronautical chart for KDCA (http://skyvector.com/perl/code?id=KDCA&scale=2)
FAA current DCA delay information (http://www.fly.faa.gov/flyfaa/flyfaaindex.jsp?ARPT=DCA&p=0)
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=Ronald_Reagan_Washington_National_Airport&oldid=613573830"
Categories: Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces Air Transport Command in North America
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