The Research of Modeling and Simulation for Phase-shifted Full-bridge ZVS

DC / DC Converter


Hu Xuezhi Nan Guangqun
Huangshi Institute of Technology, 435003,P.R China
E-mail: tlmj6688@163.com


Abstract

On the basis of the analysis of phase-shifted full-
bridge ZVS PWM converter, Corresponding small-
signal model is build using of state-space averaging
method and the traditional Buck circuit model,
Thereof, control block diagram of the system and
transfer function are derived, Voltage single-loop
control system is designed on the basis of small-signal
model of phase-shifted full-bridge ZVS converter,
Thus, the system is analyzed and PI compensation
network is correctly designed. Finally, it is simulated
using of matlab and simulation map is given, The
results shows that the mathematical model is rational
and design scheme is feasible.

1. Introduction

Phase-shifted full-bridge DC / DC converter has
been widely applied in the middle and high-power
converterSoft-switching technology is introduced in
the application in order to reduce the wear and tear,
Which phase-shifted full-bridge zero-voltage switching
converter has been widely used with its simple
topology and small voltage and current stress of
switching device, etc. The modeling analysis of DC /
DC switching converter is basis of studying converter,
it has great significance to DC / DC converter analysis
and design. After the main circuit determined, the good
controller is designed to DC / DC converter to
compose of closed-loop control system in order to
improve the output accuracy and dynamic
characteristics. On the basis of phase-shifted full-
bridge ZVS PWM converter proposed in this paper, all
aspects of Control system is designed while the
realization method of Voltage single-loop control and
the simulation analysis of Current-mode dual-loop
control are given.

2. The establishment and analysis of small-
signal model of Phase-shifted full-bridge
ZVS converter

Figure 1 is structure chart of the full-bridge DC /
DC converter, On the assumption that power tube
VT1-VT4 and rectifier diode DR1-DR2 are the ideal
device, Switching frequency is much larger than the
corner frequency of output filter disturbing signal
arising from the dynamic process, Disturbing signal is
much smaller than the steady-state volume, that is
small-signal disturbance. An equivalent system has
three independent input variables which are
respectively control input d, voltage input ug and load
current io. Output voltage u
0
can be expressed as a
linear combination of the above of variables (1), Its
equivalent model shows in figure 2.










Fig. 1 The main circuit of full-bridge DC / DC
converter

^
0 0
^ ^ ^
0
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( s i s Z s u s G s d s G s u
g ug ud
+ =
1
In while
^
0
^
0 ) (
0 ) (
^
^
0
) (
) (
) (
=
=
=
s i
s u
ud
g
s d
s u
s G
,
^
0
^
0 ) (
0 ) (
^
^
0
) (
) (
) (
=
=
=
s i
s d
g
ug
s u
s u
s G
,
^
^
0 ) (
0 ) (
^
0
^
0
0
) (
) (
) (
=
=
=
s u
s d
g
s i
s u
s Z

Ug

2
D
4
D
2
C
4
C
1
D
3
D
1
C
3
C
f
L
f C
L
R
DR1
DR2
TR
r
L
4 VT
1 VT
3
VT
2
VT
A B
Uo
ip
*
*
*
2009 Third International Symposium on Intelligent Information Technology Application
978-0-7695-3859-4/09 $26.00 2009 IEEE
DOI 10.1109/IITA.2009.185
550
2009 Third International Symposium on Intelligent Information Technology Application
978-0-7695-3859-4/09 $26.00 2009 IEEE
DOI 10.1109/IITA.2009.185
549
So Phase-shifted full-bridge converter can be
changed from Buck Converter, the average equation of
state of phase-shifted full-bridge ZVS DC / DC
converter is established in accordance with the
principles of converter and using of state-space
averaging method.






Fig. 2 The converter of equivalent model

2.1.The average equation of state of DC / DC
converter

Figure 3 shows the equivalent circuit of the full-
bridge DC / DC converter in a switching cycle, It can
be divided into two sub-circuits of the state in
accordance with the switch tube of the switch state: 0
t dTsdTs t TsThey are respectively shown as
in Figure 3 (a), (b), The inductor current i
L
and the
capacitor voltage uc are selected to the state variables,
the output voltage uo is output variables. linear
equation can be listed as follows according to Figure 3.

(a) (b)

Fig. 3 The equivalent circuit

In 0 t dTs period, VT1, VT4 or VT2, VT3 are
conducted, Figure 3 (a) show s the equivalent circuit,
its equation is as follows:

=
=
R
u
i
dt
du
C
u
n
u
dt
di
L
c
L
c
c
g
L
2
In dTs t T period, VT1, VT4 or VT2, VT3 are
turned-off, Figure 3 (a) show s the equivalent circuit,
its equation is as follows:

=
=
R
u
i
dt
du
C
u
dt
di
L
c
L
C
c
L
3
Then, formula (2) and (3) are deal with an average
Value: (2) d + (3) (1-d),in which d is the duty
cycle, under formula is drawn:

+ =

+ =
) ( 2 ) ( 2
2 ) ( 2
R
u
i d
R
u
i d
dt
du
C
T
u
d u
n
u
d
dt
di
L
c
L
c
L
c
s
c
c
g
L
(4)
In whileu
0
=u
c
.

2.2.The small-signal model of Phase-shifted
full-bridge ZVS converter

The loss of duty cycle is an obvious and important
phenomenon in Phase-shifted full-bridge ZVS
converter,Converter achieves ZVS load range related
the size of original leakage inductance of
transformer,While the size of original-side current
change rate is decided, Then the effective duty cycle
size of transformer Vice-side and the system dynamic
characteristics has been affected.
The effective duty cycle Deff of transformer Vice-
side can be expressed as follows in Phase-shifted full-
bridge ZVS converter:
D D D
eff
=
5
In formula (5),D is the size of duty cycle on the
grounds of decision of control signal, D is the loss
of duty cycle. the loss of duty cycle can be expressed
as follows :
)
2
) 1 ( 2 (
2
0 s
L
s g
r
T
D
L
U
I
T U
nL
D =
6
In formula (6), n is a turns ratio of the both sides of
the original-side and Vice-side oftransformer , Ug and
U0 are respectively the input voltage and output
voltage, Ts is the switching cycle, L is the inductor
valueof output filter, Lr is the leakage inductance of
the transformer, IL is current value the output filter
inductor . So the effective duty cycle is as follows :
)
2
) 1 ( 2 (
2
s
g
L
s g
r
eff
T
D
L
U
I
T U
nL
D D D D

= =
7
Formula (7) can be seen that D, U a and IL
disturbance will produce Corresponding disturbance
^
u
d Deff,So formula (8) is as follows:

+ + =
u i eff
d d d d 8
Formula (8) can be seen that
^
d
^
i
d and
^
u
d are the
disturbance of effective duty cycle Deff caused by the
disturbance of DI
L
and U
g
. So formula (9) is as
follows:

^ ^
L
g
d
i
i
nU
R
d =

^
2
^
g
g
L d
u
u
nU
I R
d

=

^
2
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
4 4
g
g
L s r
L
g
s r
u i eff
u
U
I f nL
i
U
f nL
d d d d d + = + + =
9
^
0
) (s u ^
) (s d
^
) (s u
g

^
0
) (s i
Gud(s)
Gug(s)
Z0(s)
551 550
In formula (9):
2
4
d r s
R n L f =
1/
s s
f T =
.
The disturbance is added to formula (4), And
Dynamic and steady-state volume are separated , duty
cycle is lost, second order interchange minterm is
omitted, and they are substrated the static state
equation,Then we can get that small-signal model are
shown as figure 4.
^
g
u n
^
g
i
^
0
i
^ ^
d u n
g
) (
^ ^ ^
u i g
d d u n +
^
d
R
nUg

) (
^ ^
u i
g
d d
R
nU
+
^
L i
+
+
C
R
L
* *
+
1:
eff
D


Fig. 4 The small-signal model of phase-shifted
ZVS full-bridge converter

3. The system dynamics block diagram and
transfer function

It is shown to analyses small-signal model that
transfer function
) (s G
ud
for duty cycle d and output
voltage
0
u is as follows:
1 / ) / (
) (
2
+ + + +
=
R R s C R R L LC s
nU
s G
d d
g
ud
10

Transfer function
) (s G
us
for input voltage ug and
output voltage
0
u is as follows:
)
) (
) (
1 (
1 ) / (
1
) (
2
R Z R
R Z R
nD
s R L LCs
s G
ei
ei d
eff us
+

+
+ +
=
11

Transfer function ( )
id
G s for duty cycle d and
output current
o
i is as follows:
1 / ) / (
/ ) 1 (
) (
2
+ + + +
+
=
R R s C R R L LC s
R sRC nU
s G
d d
in
id
12

In formula (12):

2
1
// ( 1)
1
ei
R L
Z sL R s LC s
sC sRC R
= + = + +
+


4. The design and correction of System
control program

A major role of control circuit of Phase-shifted full-
bridge ZVS converter controls the output voltage value
according to controlling the phase-shifting angle
between ahead bridge-leg and lagging bridge-leg. The
voltage control scheme of system is closed-loop
control mode in which the sampling output voltage is
taken as feedback value to control, that is also single-
loop control mode; Dynamic structure diagram of the
system is shown in figure 5, in figure 5: feedback
joint-like factor, K
md
proportional component of
Duty cycle output, G
u
(s) Compensation network
transfer function of Compensation network; The output
of Closed-loop system is as follows known from
Figure 5.
0
0
^
^
0 0
0
^ ^
0
1
) (
1
) (
1
1
) ( ) (
G
Z
s i
G
G
s u
G
G
s u s u
o
ug
g ref
+

+
+
+
=

13
In formula (13):
md ud u
K s G s G G ) ( ) (
0
= is Open-
loop transfer function. It is known from formula (13)
that all kinds of disturbance of the system reduces the
) ( 1 /( 1
0
s G +
times;
0
G
is Large and result is good in
ensuring stability of the system.
2 . 1 01 . 0 10 2 . 1
0 . 2
) (
2 5 0
+ +
=

s s
s G
(14)






Fig. 5 Thedynamic structure diagram of
system

4.1.The system analysis when not adding
corrected link

The actual parameters of converter are input voltage
Ug=640V n=1/1.3 L=1.8mH C=6580F
Uo=220VLr=38Hfs=20kHZR=2202/5500=8.8
8 . 1 4
2
= =
s r d
f L n R =0.014.Formula (14) is
given when these parameters are taken into the open-
loop transfer function.
Figure 6 is Bode plots When not adding corrected
link Simulated in using Matlab software,It is known
from figure 6 that System frequency is 140 rad/s
Phase margin is 116
o.
.Although phase margin is a
large, open-loop system is stable, gain is very small,
open-loop system bandwidth is quite narrow, dynamic
is worse in low-band system.



Fig. 6 The Bode plots When not adding
corrected link
Gu(s) Kmd Gud(s)

Gug(s)
Z0(s)
^
) (s u
f -
^
u
^
) (s d
^
) (s u
^
0
) (s i
^
0
) (s u
-
552 551
4.2.The system analysis when adding PI
controller

The system gain is improved in Series revising by PI
controller, the system bandwidth is increased to
improve system performance, the PI controller added is
kp=1 ,ki=306.2, Formula (14) is given when these
parameters are taken into the open-loop transfer
function.
2 . 1 01 . 0 10 2 . 1
) / 2 . 306 1 ( 0 . 2
) (
2 5 0
+ +
+
=

s s
s
s G
15
Figure 7 is Bode plots after adding corrected link,
The across frequency of gain function of system
original circuit is250rad/s, Phase margin is 48.3
o

Amplitude margin is greater than 90dB, the low-band

gain is Significantly increased, System bandwidth is
slightly increased, dynamic performance is better.

Fig. 7 The bode plots adding corrected link

4.3.Experimental waveforms

The main parameters of the experimental circuit is
DC input voltage: U
in
360V~640V DC output
voltage: U0=220V Output power: 5.5kW the
original side winding turns of transformer:N1=22
turns, the vice side winding turns of
transformer:N2=17 turnsParallel capacitance: C1
C34.4nFC2C48nFResonant inductor: Lr
=28uHOutput filter inductor:Lf=1.8mHOutput
filter capacitor: Cf 6580uFSwitching frequency:
fs=20kHz; TMS320F2812 chip is used of Control chip,
System uses a control of single-loop voltage. Figure
8shows the waveform of system output voltage
(channel 1) and output current (channel 2) in that input
voltage is 400V, output current is 10A. Figure 9 shows
the drive waveform of switch VT1, VT3, It can be seen
from the chart switch driver two-leg is complementary
relationship, The dead zone between the two drivers is
1.2us To ensure safe work of switch tube.

(Vertical axis:90V/div, Horizontal axis:10us)
Fig. 8 The waveforms of Output voltage and
current


(Vertical axis:10V/div, Horizontal axis:10us)
Fig. 9 VT1, VT3 driving waveform

5. Conclusion

Small signal model of phase-shifted full-bridge ZVS
converter is established using state-space averaging
method, the transfer function is derived from small-
signal model, Voltage single-loop control system is
designed on the basis of small-signal model of phase-
shifted full-bridge ZVS converter, Thus, the system is
analyzed and PI compensation network is correctly
designed. Finally, it is simulated and experimented,
The results demonstrates that the model is correct.

6.Acknowledgment
Sponsored by Hubei Provincial Department of
Education (B20083001).
The authors would like to acknowledge support for
the project from Hubei Provincial Key Discipline on
Machine Electron.

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