ACUTE RENAL FAILURE

Inability of kidneys to function

adequately due to ischemia. Nephrons
decrease in functioning. Impaired
glomerular filtration. Decreased urine
output initially. Waste accumulation due
to the inability of the kidney to filter
waste products from the blood.
Risk Factors:
Advanced age
Autoimmune disorders
Liver disease
lockages in the blood vessels in your
arms or legs !peripheral artery disease"
Diabetes
#igh blood pressure
#eart failure
$idney diseases
CAUSES:
Prerenal Conditions:
Low blood pressure%volume !hemorrhaging& sepsis& dehydration& shock and
traumatic in'ury"
#eart dysfunction !myocardial infarction and heart failure"
Intrarenal conditions :
(educed blood supply to kidneys !atherosclerosis"
#emolytic uremic syndrome !associated with ). coli where bacteria damage
small blood vessels * is the leading cause in children"
(enal inflammation !glomerulonephritis and acute interstitial nephritis *
typically caused by an allergic reaction to certain meds"
+o,ic in'ury !caused by alcohol& cocaine& heavy metals& chemotherapy drugs&
etc."
Postrenal conditions:
-reter obstruction !urolithiasis and tumors"
ladder obstruction and dysfunction !.#& tumors and nerve innervation
disruption"
Laboratory/Diagnostic Tests:
#istory and physical e,amination
lood chemistry
!A/" arterial blood gases
!-A" urinalysis
!00" complete blood count
(enal ultrasound
iopsy
Signs/Sy!tos:
"lig#ric !$ase:
decreased urine output
electrolyte disturbances
a1otemia !build up of waste products"
hypertension
Di#retic !$ase:
increased urine output
electrolyte disturbances
dehydration
hypotension
"t$er signs and sy!tos:
2atigue
lack of concentration
poor appetite
trouble sleeping
-rine that is foamy& bloody& or coffee3colored
increased -N levels
%edical Treatents:
4ary depending on phase
+emporary dialysis
Diet high in calories and restricted in protein& sodium&
potassium& and phosphates.
#+N management
Anemia treatment with synthetic erythropoietin
Infection prevention strategies
N#rsing Inter&entions:
.atho of disease
Diet
2luid restrictions
5edication administration
Daily weight check
),ercise
Infection signs and symptoms
lood pressure regulation
)ducation on possibility of temporary dialysis
C"%PLICATI"NS:
2luid buildup !can lead to shortness of breath&
pulmonary edema& heart failure& altered
mental status& metabolic acidosis& electrolyte
imbalances& uremia& altered mental status&
etc."
5uscle weakness caused by hyperkalemia
.ermanent kidney damage !loss of kidney
function"
Death
Key: Highlights indicate client
symptoms, etc.
(Story, 2012), (Mayo Clinic,