-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 5 -°∂œ-v•-´-J 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

Chethan: As I was on my way home, I ran into Chethan: Go when you like. I've done my job -
your uncle. telling you of it.
(؈’ ÉçöÀÈé-∞Ïx-ü∆-J™ O’ Åçèπ◊™¸†’ éπ©-´- (F É≠ædç ´*a-†-°æ¤púø’ ¢Á∞¡Ÿx. Ø√ °æE– Fèπ◊
úøç ïJ-TçC. îÁ°æpúøç– Øˆ’ î˨»†’.)
run into = ņ’-éÓ-èπ◊çú≈ á´JØÁjØ√ éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´úøç/ Chandan: By the way, did you talk to Ganesh
á´-J-ÈéjØ√ áü¿’-®Ω’-°æ-úøôç about our programme next week.
Chandan: Who? (ÅC ÆæÍ®-é¬F, ´îËa-¢√®Ωç ´’† v§Úví¬¢˛’
(á´-JF) í∫’Jç* í∫ù‰≠ˇûÓ ´÷ö«x-ú≈¢√?)
Chethan: Your uncle. Chethan: Sorry, I haven't been able to get at
(O’ Åçèπ◊™¸†’.) him. Though I tried his number three
Chandan: (It) Can't be. Unless he cancelled his to four times yesterday he was out of
b) I can't do it unless the boss gives me permis-
trip to Nellore. reach. Unless we go home to him we Spoken English active voice
™ pas-™ØÁjØ√ sion = boss
can't get him. sive voice direct and indirect speech
™ØÁjØ√, ™ ´÷ ņ’-´’-AÊÆh ûª°æp/ ņ’-´’-AÊÆh é¬F
(ÅÆæç-¶µº´ç. Çߪ’† ØÁ©÷x®Ω’ v°æߪ÷-ù«Eo boss
connectives- phrases, claus-
(Åûª-úÕE ؈’ °æô’d-éÓ-™‰-èπ◊çú≈ ÖØ√o. E†o ØÁjØ√, È®çúø’ ´‚úø’ ؈C îËߪ’-™‰†’.(´÷ ņ’-´’-AÊÆhØË ØˆC îËߪ’-
®Ωü¿’lîËÆæ’èπ◊çõ‰ ûª°æp.) es and parts of sentences
†’ éπLÊ° ´÷ô-©†’ í∫-©†’.)
Chethan: Yea. That's what he told me indeed. í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ: unless à °æJ-Æœn-ûª’™x äéπ °æE ï®Ω-í∫-í∫-©ü¿’
´‚úø’ Ø√©’í∫’ ≤ƒ®Ω’x ÅûªúÕ †ç•-®˝èπ◊ §∂ÚØ˛
îËÆ œØ√, ÅûªúÕE îË®Ω’-éÓ-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷†’. í∫’Jç* ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´-úøç î√™« Å´-Ææ®Ωç. English
™
He was supposed to have left for (present ™ í¬F, future ™ í¬E) ÅØËC ûÁL-ߪ’-°æ-®Ω’-
word order
î√™« ´·êuç 鬕öÀd, à ´÷ô áéπ\úø
Nellore yesterday morning, but some-
ÅûªúÕçöÀéÀ ¢Á∞Ïh ûª°æp Åûªúø’ ´’†èπ◊ üÌJ-Íéô’d Ææ’hçC. Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ ï®Ω-í∫E N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo, Eïç-é¬E ü∆Eo
®√¢√™ ᙫ ¢√ú≈™ -ûÁ-©’Ææ’éÓ-¢√-L. äé𠧃®∏Ω-èπ◊úÕ éÓJéπ
thing came in the way and he had to
™‰úø’.) îÁÊ°pç-ü¿’-èπ◊ -É-C ¢√úøç.
Chandan: He is usually at home in the morn-
¢Ë’®Ωèπ◊ ¢√öÀE í∫’Jç* î√™« N´-®Ωçí¬ Ééπ\úø ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-
stay back. Ææ’hØ√oç. Practise îËߪ’çúÕ. c) Unless you study well, you can't pass- †’´¤y
ings. That's the best time to see him.
(Å´¤†’. Çߪ’† Ø√èπ◊ îÁ°œpçD ÅüË. E†o Therefore Look at the following sentences form the ¶«í¬ îªC-N-ûËØË ûª°æp †’´¤y §ƒÆˇ Å´-™‰´¤. (îªC-N-ûËØË
§Òü¿’l† ØÁ©÷x-®Ω’èπ◊ •ßª’-©’-üË-®√-©E ņ’-éÓ- conversation above: pass Å´-í∫-©´¤ –present/ future).
you go to
´úøç ïJ-Tç-ü¿F, Å®·ûË àüÓ ÅúÌf*a ÇT-§Ú- 1) Can't be unless he d) Unless he knows you are here, he will not
him tomor-
¢√Lq ´*aç-ü¿E ÅØ√oúø’.) cancelled his trip to come = †’Nyéπ\úø’Ø√o-´E ûÁLÊÆh ûª°æp ÅûªúÕéπ\úø-éÀ-
row morning.
Chandan: Oh. Hence my not getting the call
from him from Nellore.
(Åûªúø’ §Òü¿’l-†- -Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 417 Nellore- unless ®√úø’/ ûÁL-ÊÆhØË ´≤ƒhúø’.
unless = Å®·ûË ûª°æp. if= Å®·-ûËØË.
(ÅD. Åçü¿’-´™‰x ØÁ©÷x®Ω’ unless = if not; if = unless not -ÉC Å®Ωnç
îËÆæ’èπ◊çü∆ç unless = Å®·ûË ûª°æp/ Å®·ûË

U nless he cancelled his trip

†’ç* Ø√é¬-ߪ’† §∂ÚØ˛
®√™‰ü¿’.) é¬E if = Å®·-ûËØË
Chethan: He wants to see you this a) Unless you pay you can't get the
evening. He said he certificate =
úø•’s éπúÕ-ûËØË éπúÕûË é¬F
would call you in the certificate
®√ü¿’ = if you pay you
mean time. 2) Unless we go to him in the morn- can get the certificate =
úø•’s éπúÕûË
°æ‹ô ÉçöxØË Öçö«úø’. ing, we can't get him. Fèπ◊ certificate
´Ææ’hçC.
(E-†’o -Ñ ≤ƒßª’çvûªç éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-©-†’-èπ◊ç-
ô’Ø√oú≈ߪ’†. ü∆E ´·çü¿’ Fèπ◊ §∂ÚØ˛
-Å-ûªúÕE éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ÅC 3) That's what he told me indeed îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆? unless Ö†o sentence ™ not ´ÊÆh,
´’ç* Æ洒ߪ’ç. 鬕öÀd †’´¤y
4) Hence my not getting the call from if Ö†o sentence ™ not Öçúøü¿’.
îË≤ƒh-†E îÁ§ƒpúø’.)
b) Unless I know what exactly has happened, I
-Å-ûª-úÕ ü¿í∫_-®Ωèπ◊ Í®§Òp-ü¿’l† ¢Á∞¡Ÿx.) Nellore.
Chandan: Because of some work at home I Chethan: We can decide the pro-
5) He will see you meanwhile. can't comment =
couldn't go to his place. If I had gone gramme ourselves. All that
6) Because of some work at home I (only)
I would have known about it. M.SURESAN
ÅÆ晉ç ïJ-TçüÓ ûÁL-ߪ’çüË, ØËØËç îË°æp-™‰†’ =
we need to tell him about is if I know what has happened, I can comment
couldn't go to his place.
(Éçöx àüÓ °æE ´©x ¢√Rxç-öÀéÀ ¢Á∞¡x-™‰-éπ-§Ú- how many of his men we =
ߪ÷†’. ¢Á∞¡Ÿxçõ‰ Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-Ææ’ç-úËC.) require and when we need them. As 7) By the way did you talk to Ganesh about our ïJ-Tç-üË-N’ö ûÁLÊÆh ؈´’Ø√o îÁ°æp-í∫-©†’.
programme next week. c) Unless he has the money, he can't buy a car
Chethan: He asked me to tell you to see him such there is no need to meet him
8) Though I tried his number I found him out of = if he has the money he can buy a car.
today. now.
reach. d) Unless she takes the medicines, she can't
recover =
(ûª†E É¢√y∞¡ ≤ƒßª’çvûªç éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ--´’-E (´’†¢Ë’ v§Úví¬¢˛’ E®Ωg-®·ç-îª-´îª’a. -Å-ûª-úÕéÀ
9) As such there is no need to meet him. ´’çü¿’©’ BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-õ‰ØË ûª°æp/ BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-õ‰ØË
FûÓ îÁ°æp-´’-Ø√oúø’.) ´’†ç îÁ§ƒp-Lqç-ü¿™«x -Å-ûª-úÕ ´’†’-≠æfl©’ ´’†- If she takes the med-
1) unless: Å®·ûË ûª°æp/ Å®·-ûË-é¬E
é¬F, Ç¢Á ’ éÓ©’ éÓ™‰ü¿’ =
Chandan: I will, ofcourse provided I can get my Èéç-ûª-´’çC á°æ¤púø’ 鬢√L, ÅE. v°æÆæ’h-û√-EéÀ icines she can recover = ´’çü¿’©’ BÆæ’-èπ◊çõ‰
bike back in the evening. I've given it Ñ °æJ-Æœn-ûª’™x ´’†ç Åûª-úÕE éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-†-´- a) Unless you start now you cannot see him =
Ç¢Á ’ éÓ©’- è π◊ç-ô ’çC.
for servicing. Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’.) †’Ny-°æ¤púø’ •ßª’-©’-üË-JûË ûª°æp †’´¤y -Å-ûª-úÕ-E éπ©’-Ææ’- Ñ È®çúø’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥-™x†÷, Ç¢Á’ ´’çü¿’©’ Éçûª
Chandan: Ok. As you please.
(ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈, Ø√ ¶„jé˙ ≤ƒßª’çvûªç ´ÊÆh. ؈’ éÓ-™‰´¤. (É°æ¤púø’ •ßª’-©’-üË-J-ûËØË †’-´y-ûª-úÕE éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ- ´®Ωèπ◊ BÆæ ’-éÓ-™‰ü¿’. BÆæ’-éÓ-´îª’a/ BÆæ’-éÓ-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a. N’í∫û√
ü∆Eo ÆæKy-Æœç-í˚éÀ É*a ÖØ√o.) (F É≠ædç.) í∫-©´¤.) ¢√öÀE í∫’Jç* ´îËa-≤ƒJ.
Exercise: Match the words under A with
their meanings under B.
CØÓ-ûªq´ç ´’†ç džç-C≤ƒhç. Rejoicing àüÁjØ√ ¢Ëúø’- It is a thief infested area = Ç v°æü˨¡ç üÌçí∫-©- v°æ¨¡o:
éπí¬/ °æç-úø’í∫í¬ í∫úø’-°æ¤-éÓ-´úøç ´’ߪ’ç. 1. Paper ÅØË ü∆EéÀ plural
A B
Rejoice X Mourn (N©-°œç-îªúøç/ ü¿’”"ç-îªúøç) We Swarm = Ñí∫-©’, üÓ´’--©’ ™«çöÀ éÃô-鬩 í∫’ç°æ¤. ™‰ü¿’éπü∆? ´’J news papers
1. Rejoice A. Swarm about mourn the death of Gandhi on every Jan 30 = A swarm of files/ mosquitoes = Ñí∫-©’/ üÓ´’© Åçö«-È®ç-ü¿’èπ◊?
2. Cobbler B. Physical v°æA ï†-´J 30-†, ´’†ç í¬çDµE ûª©--èπ◊E í∫’ç°æ¤ (´·êuçí¬ ¢√öÀ´©x ¶„úøü¿.) 2. Nobody go(es) there àC
3. Infest C. Experience N©-°œ≤ƒhç. 4-B. Manual = Physical = ¨»K-®Ω-éπ-¢Á’i†. manual éπÈ®é˙d?
4. Manual D. Include 2-G. Cobbler = Maker/ Repairer of footwear = labour = ¨»K-®Ωéπ/ üÁj£œ«éπ v¨¡´’. Computer ©÷, 3. Nobody has/ have a pen.
5. Undergo E. Feel happy repair
ï¢√•’:
îÁ°æ¤p©’ ûªßª÷®Ω’ îËÊÆ/ îËÊÆ-¢√∞¡Ÿx = Ωt-é¬- Nü¿’u-îªa ¥éÀh Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç ™‰èπ◊çú≈ ´’†’-≠æfl© îËûª’-©ûÓ – Ææ÷®Ω-ñ¸-¶«¶«, É©xçü¿’
F. Decrease ®Ω’©’. The cobbler wouldn't repair (mend) my ïJÍí.Manual X Automatic. Manual Åçõ‰ ´’®Ó
G. Maker/ Repairer of shoes for less than Rs. 20/- =
1. Paper plural ™‰EC, ®√ߪ’-ú≈-EéÃ, printing èπ◊
20 ®Ω÷. ©èπ◊ ûªèπ◊\- Å®Ωnç = ߪ’çvû√©’, ≤ƒüµ¿-Ø√©’ é̆o-°æ¤púø’, ÅN ᙫ èπ◊
footwear shoes repair ¢√ú≈™ ¢√öÀ ©éπ~-ù«-™‰¢Ó ûÁLÊ° *†o-°æ¤-Ææhéπç. (TV ©’, paper
´-®·ûË Ø√ îËߪ’-†-Ø√oúø’. (•ôd©’, ¢√úË ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púË.
Key repair
§ƒü¿-®Ωéπ~© ™«çöÀ-¢√-öÀE mend.
îËߪ’úøç = cell phones é̆o-°æ¤púø’ ¢√öÀûÓ ´îËa °æ¤Ææh-鬩’.)
Paper èπ◊ -Ö†o Éûª®Ω Å®√n©’ = 1) Document
your shoes need mending = shoes 5-C. Undergo = Experience = ņ’-¶µº-Nç-îªúøç/ ã
1-E. Rejoice = Feel happy = ÆæçûÓ-≠œç-îªúøç/ F èπ◊ (´·êu¢Á’i† °ævûªç) 2) Newspaper. Ñ Å®ΩnçûÓ
repairing Mend your behaviour = ņ’-¶µº´ç îªN-îª÷-úøôç. He have to undergo a lot
Parents rejoice at the success of
džç-Cç-îªúøç. Å´-Ææ®Ωç) F ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’, paper èπ◊ plural Öçô’çC.
their children =
v°æ´-®Ωh† ¢Á’®Ω’-í∫’-°æ-®Ω-éÓ.) of trouble even to get a small thing done in a
°œ©x© Nïߪ’çûÓ ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’©’ I've lost some of my papers = Ø√ °ævû√™x éÌEo
3-A. Infest = Swarm about = á©’-éπ©’, °æçC-éÌ- govt office = v°æ¶µº’ûªy 鬮√u-©-ߪ÷™x *†o-°æE îË®·ç-
džçC≤ƒh®Ω’. §ÚíÌ-ô’d-èπ◊-Ø√o†’. (Certificates, ÇÆœhéÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*†
When she got a good rank in Eamcet her par-
èπ◊\©’, Ñí∫©’ ™«çöÀ É•sç-C-éπ®Ω ïçûª’-´¤©’, üÌçí∫©’ -éÓ-¢√-©Ø√o î√™« ¶«üµ¿-°æ-ú≈Lq (ņ’-¶µº-Nç-î√Lq) °ævû√© ™«çöÀN)
ents rejoiced = Eamcet rank
üÓ°œ-úŒ-í¬∞¡Ÿx áèπ◊\-´í¬ Öçúøôç. ¢√∞¡x ¶„úøü¿. a) The ´Ææ’hçC. b) parents undergo a lot of agony
Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ™ ´’ç* His photo appeared in the papers
place is infested with rats = Ç îÓôçû√ á©’-éπ© when their children are ill = °œ©x©’ ï•’s-°æ-úÕûË ûªLx-
®√´úøç Ç¢Á’ ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’-©èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ≠æç éπL-Tç-*çC. (Newspapers) today =
Kaikayi had cause to rejoice when Rama
´‚éπ™‰. The tables in the eatery are infested ü¿ç-vúø’©’ î√™« é~Ó¶µº†’ ņ’¶µºN-≤ƒh®Ω’. Åûª-úÕ -§∂Ò-ö Ñ ®ÓV
with flies = Ç öÀ°∂œØ˛ ÂÆçô-®˝-™ E õ‰•’™¸q Åçû√ Agony = é~Ó¶µº.Undergo X Avoid/ escape.
°ævA-éπ™x °æúÕçC.
walked to the forest = ®√´·úø’ Åúø-´¤-©èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡xôç 2. Nobody- singular, Åçõ‰ he/ she 鬕öÀd, verb,
Ñí∫™‰. D. Include = îË®Ωaúøç. He is included in the
ÈéjÍé®·éÀ džçü¿ç éπL-Tç-*çC./ ÈéjÍé®· džç-ü∆-EéÀ goes correct.
The area is infested with pick pockets and team = Åûª-úÕE team ™ îË®Ω’a-èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’/ Åûªúø’
3. has correct.
鬮Ωùç Å®·uçC.
cheats = team ™ ÖØ√oúø’.
°j 鬮Ω-ùç-´™‰x,
We rejoice on the Independence = ≤ƒyûªçvûªu
Ç v°æü˨¡ç ¢Á·ûªhç ñ‰•’-üÌç-í∫©÷, ¢Á÷Ææ-í¬∞Ïx.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm