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PID Controllers
PID Controllers with DC Gearmotors
A graph showing the overshoot and correction for positioning applications
As a designer, you always have a challenge to ensure that your chosen DC gearmotor delivers optimum performance according to
its technical specifications. For a DC geared motor, the deviation from its optimum performance can happen for many reasons, such
is backlash. A PID (proportional integral derivative) controller, when working in conjunction with a DC gear motor, implements a
closed loop system and due to its ability to increase accuracy it has found wide acceptance in industrial, positioning and consumer
applications.
Using a PID controller to improve the positioning performance of a DC gearmotor is a smart designer choice. A PID controller
provides a feedback mechanism for gear motors parameter, for example: the positioning accuracy. A designer, working on a
geared motor application, finds lack of positioning accuracy due to backlash. Without any control system, the application gets
reduced stability or becomes sluggish.
How does a PID controller provide positioning accuracy?
A PID controller implements a closed-loop control system. Output measurement is calibrated in order to control the input. In a
closed-loop control system, the following is defined:
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For your design requirements:
Use the PID controller to regulate the gain
Consider other factors in feedback to adjust the PID algorithms
The PID controller opens up the possibility for changing the dynamics with a larger number of options. This helps the designer in
practical applications. PID controllers are viewed as three terms: a proportional term, and integral term and a derivative term. These
are added together. As a designer, use a PID controller that has well-tuned parameters for your application.
Note: High acceleration or shock on the output gear shreds gear teeth. To prevent this, the designer can also use pre-gearhead
(rear shaft) encoding feedback to improve positioning control. This control can be about 1 (one) revolution on the rear shift per
degree of gearhead output. This ensures slow start and slow stop, avoiding high stress on one of the teeth.
PID controllers improve positioning accuracy
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