Submitted by: Geneva N. Apolinar Submitted to: Mr.

Junmar Yakit
How people solve quadratic equations during the ancient time The earliest methods for
solving quadratic equations were geometric. Babylonian cuneiform tablets contain
problems reducible to solving quadratic equations. The Egyptian Berlin Papyrus, dating
back to the Middle Kingdom (2050 BC to 1650 BC), contains the solution to a two-term
quadratic equation. The Greek mathematician Euclid (circa 300 BC) used geometric
methods to solve quadratic equations in Book 2 of his Elements, an influential
mathematical treatise. Rules for quadratic equations appear in the Chinese The Nine
Chapters on the Mathematical Art circa 200 BC. In his work Arithmetica, the Greek
mathematician Diophantus solved quadratic equations with a method more recognizably
algebraic than the geometric algebra of Euclid. However, his solution gave only one root,
even when both roots were positive. The Indian mathematician Brahmagupta (597668
AD) explicitly described the quadratic formula in his treatise Brhmasphuasiddhnta
published in 628 AD, but written in words instead of symbols. His solution of the quadratic
equation was as follows: "To the absolute number multiplied by four times the [coefficient
of the] square, add the square of the [coefficient of the] middle term; the square root of the
same, less the [coefficient of the] middle term, being divided by twice the [coefficient of the]
square is the value."This is equivalent to: The 9th century Persian mathematician al-
Khwrizm, influenced by earlier Greek and Indian mathematicians, solved quadratic
equations algebraically.[17] Mathematician Elizabeth Stapel has explained that the need
for convenience motivated the discovery of the formula. The quadratic formula covering all
cases was first obtained by Simon Stevin in 1594. In 1637 Ren Descartes published La
Gomtrie containing the quadratic formula in the form we know today. The first
appearance of the general solution in the modern mathematical literature appeared in an
1896 paper by Henry Heaton. Earliest Methods used to solve Quadratic Equations
Methods used by the Babylonians Babylonian mathematics (also known as Assyro-
Babylonian mathematics[1][2][3][4][5][6] ) was any mathematics developed or practiced by
the people of Mesopotamia, from the days of the early Sumerians to the fall of Babylon in
539 BC. Babylonian mathematical texts are plentiful and well edited.[7] In respect of time
they fall in two distinct groups: one from the Old Babylonian period (1830-1531 BC), the
other mainly Seleucid from the last three or four centuries BC. In respect of content there
is scarcely any difference between the two groups of texts. Thus Babylonian mathematics
remained constant, in character and content, for nearly two millennia.[7]

Thomas Carlyles Geometric Solution In mathematics, a Carlyle circle is a certain circle in a
coordinate plane associated with a quadratic equation. The circle has the property that the
solutions of the quadratic equation are the horizontal coordinates of the intersections of the circle
with the horizontal axis.[1] The idea of using such a circle to solve a quadratic equation is
attributed to Thomas Carlyle (1795 1881).[2] Carlyle circles have been used to develop ruler-
and-compass constructions of regular polygons. Carlyle circle of the quadratic equation x2 sx
+ p = 0. Given the quadratic equation x2 sx + p = 0 the circle in the coordinate plane having
the line segment joining the points A(0, 1) and B(s, p) as a diameter is called the Carlyle circle of
the quadratic equation. Pythagorean Geometric Solution In mathematics, the Pythagorean
theoremor Pythagoras's theoremis a relation in Euclidean geometry among the three sides of
a right triangle. It states that the square of the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle) is
equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides. Thetheorem can be written as an equation
relating the lengths of the sides a, b and c, often called the Pythagorean equation: where c
represents the length of the hypotenuse, and a and b represent the lengths of the other two sides.