CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

STANDARD
CODE OF PRACTICE
FOR
DEMOLITION OF BUILDINGS
1
FOREWORD
This Malaysian Standard was developed by the Technical Committee for Construction Practices
under the supervision of Construction Industry Development Board, Malaysia. This Code of
Practice was drafted to provide uidance on safe and ood practices for demolition wor!s and for
compliance with the re"uirements of the relevant provisions by local authorities as well as ood
practices in demolition wor!s in Malaysia.
This Code of Practice was developed based on the Code of Practice for Demolition of Buildins
published by Buildin Departments of #on $on in year %&&'. Some amendments were made to
the code where appropriate to suit local condition.
The Code contains basic information for the practitioners and contractors on better plannin and
control when carryin out demolition wor!s. This Code supersede MS %(% Part )* )+,-, Code of
practice for buildin operations code* Part )* Demolition. .sers of the Code should e/ercise their
own professional 0udment in the application of this Code in selectin the most suitable
demolition method.
Compliance with this Malaysian Standard does not of itself confer immunity from leal obliations.
2
CONTENTS
Page
1. GENERAL 1
1.1 Scope 1
1.2 Defii!io" 2
2 PLANNING #
2.1 B$i%&ig App'ai"a% a& De(o%i!io P%a #
%.).) Buildin Survey
%.).% Structural Survey )'
%.).1 Dilapidation Survey )-
%.).' Demolition Plan and Stability 2eport includin Calculations )-
2.2 U!i%i!ie" 1)
%.%.) Termination of .tilities )&
%.%.% 3ffects of Demolition on .tilities )&
%.%.1 Common .tilities )&
%.%.' Maintenance of Certain .tilities ))
2.* +a,a'&o$" Ma!e'ia% 11
%.1.) 4sbestos Containin Material ))
%.1.% Soil Contamination Material )%
*. PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES 1*
*.1 Gee'a% 1*
*.2 +oa'&ig a& Co-e'e& Wa%./a0 1*
1.%.) 2e"uirements for #oardin, Covered 5al!way
and Catch Platform )1
1.%.% Dimensions )-
1.%.1 Desin Criteria )-
1.%.' Proper .se of Covered wal!way )(
1.%.- Construction )(
1.%.6 7ihtin )(
*.* Scaffo%&ig" a& Sc'ee Co-e'" 11
1.1.) Scaffoldins )(
1.1.% Screen Covers %&
*.# Ca!c2fa 21
3
1.'.) 2e"uirements %)
1.'.% Steel Catchfan %)
*.3 Te(po'a'0 S$ppo'!" 2#
1.-.) 8eneral %'
1.-.% Materials and Types %6
1.-.1 7oads %,
1.-.' Structural 4nalysis and Desin %(
1.-.- Temporary Proppin System %(
1.-.6 3rection and Dismantlin 1&
*.4 P'o!ec!io of P'ope'!ie" *)
1.6.) 8eneral 1&
1.6.% Party 5alls and 3/ternal 5alls 1&
1.6.1 9oundation Support 1%
*.5 P'o!ec!io of T'affic *2
1.,.) 4d0acent Traffic 1%
1.,.% Traffic Impact 4ssessment 1%
1.,.1 Site 4ccess 11
*.1 Specia% Safe!0 Co"i&e'a!io" **
1.(.) Trainin and Communication 11
1.(.% 3"uipment Maintenance 1'
1.(.1 3lectrical Safety 1'
1.(.' 9ire 1'
1.(.- :ccupational #ealth 1'
1.(.6 3merency 3/it 2e"uirements in Demolition Sites 1-
1.(., ;ibration 1-
*.6 E-i'o(e!a% P'eca$!io" *4
1.+.) 4ir Pollution 16
1.+.% <oise 16
1.+.1 5ater 16
1.+.' #a=ardous Materials 16
*.1) De7'i" a& Wa"!e +a&%ig *5
1.)&.) Chutes 1,
1.)&.% Debris 2ecyclin 1(
1.)&.1 Dust Minimi=ation 1+
1.)&.' Debris 4ccumulation 1+
1.)&.- Debris Disposal and Manaement System 1+
1.)&.6 Debris 7oadin '&
1.)&., 5aste Manaement '&
*.11 I"pec!io a& Mai!eace #1
*.12 Po"!8De(o%i!io P'eca$!io" #2
4
#. MET+ODS OF DEMOLITION
#.1 Gee'a% ##
#.2 Top Do/ 8 Ma$a% Me!2o& ##
'.%.) 8eneral ''
'.%.% Demolition Se"uence '-
'.%.1 Cantilevered Structures and Balconies '-
'.%.' 3/terior 5alls, Beams and Columns '(
'.%.- 9loor Slabs -,
'.%.6 Interior Beams 6&
'.%., Interior Columns 6&
#.* Top Do/ 9 B0 Mac2ie" 4)
'.1.) 8eneral 6&
'.1.% Demolition Se"uence 61
'.1.1 Cantilevered Canopies and Balconies 6'
'.1.' 3/terior 5alls, Beams and Columns ,&
'.1.- 9loor Slabs ,)
'.1.6 Interior Beams ,)
'.1., Interior Columns ,)
#.# Mec2aica% Me!2o& 70 +0&'a$%ic C'$"2e'" 54
/i!2 Log Boo( A'(
'.'.) 8eneral ,6
'.'.% 4pplication Criteria ,6
#.3 W'ec.ig Ba%% 51
'.-.) 8eneral ,(
'.-.% 4pplication Criteria (&
#.4 I(p%o"io 12
'.6.) Pre>blast Considerations (%
'.6.% 8eneral Concerns (%
#.5 O!2e' Me!2o&" 1#
'.,.) <on 3/plosive Demolition 4ent ('
'.,.% Saw Cuttin ('
'.,.1 Cuttin and 7iftin (-
'.,.' Mechanical Demolition (,
'.,.- Thermal 7ance +)
'.,.6 5ater ?et +%
3. SPECIAL STRUCTURES 6*
3.1 P'eca"! Coc'e!e S!'$c!$'e" 6*
-.).) 8eneral +1
5
-.).% Simple Precast Construction +1
-.).1 Continuous Precast Construction +-
3.2 P'e"!'e""e& Coc'e!e S!'$c!$'e" 63
-.%.) 8eneral +-
-.%.% Classification of Prestressed Concrete Structures +-
-.%.1 Precautionary Site Measures +6
-.%.' Demolition Procedures +,
3.* S!a!ica%%0 De!e'(ia!e S!'$c!$'e" 1)1
-.1.) 8eneral )&)
-.1.% Cantilevered Structures )&%
-.1.1 #ined or Pin>?ointed Trusses )&%
3.# Co(po"i!e S!'$c!$'e" a& S!ee% S!'$c!$'e" 1)*
-.'.) 8eneral )&1
-.'.% Demolition Method )&1
-.'.1 Shorin of Slender Member )&1
3.3 C%a&&ig Wa%%" 1)3
-.-.) Demolition Method )&-
-.-.% 8uidelines )&-
3.4 +agig S!'$c!$'e" 1)4
-.6.) 8eneral )&6
-.6.% Demolition Method )&6
-.6.1 8uidelines )&6
3.5 Oi% S!o'age Faci%i!ie" 1)4
-.,.) 8eneral )&6
-.,.% Demolition Method )&,
-.,.1 8uidelines )&,
3.1 Ma'ie S!'$c!$'e" 1)1
-.(.) 8eneral )&(
-.(.% Demolition Method )&(
-.(.1 8uidelines )&(
3.6 U&e'g'o$& S!'$c!$'e" 1)6
-.+.) 8eneral )&+
-.+.% Demolition Method )&+
-.+.1 8uidelines )&+
3.1) S!'$c!$'e" S$ppo'!ig G'o$& o' Si!!ig o S%ope" 11)
-.)&.) 8eneral ))&
-.)&.% Demolition Method )))
-.)&.1 8uidelines )))
6
4. SITE SUPER:ISION AND INSPECTION 11*
4.1 Gee'a% 11*
4.2 Re"i&e! S$pe'-i"io fo' De(o%i!io of 11*
Co(p%e; S!'$c!$'e"
7
Table of Contents
Appe&i; A DEMOLITION C+EC<LIST A1
B DEMOLITION PLAN C+EC<LIST B1
C PRESTRESSED CONCRETE AND GUIDELINES C1
FOR IDENTIFICATION
D NOTIFICATIONS AND PROCEDURES D1
E E=AMPLE OF DEMOLITION PLAN
AND STABILITY REPORT FOR E1
TOP DOWN MANUAL MET+OD
F E=AMPLE OF DEMOLITION PLAN
AND STABILITY REPORT FOR TOP DOWN MET+OD F1
BY MAC+INES
G FLOW C+ART FOR CURRENT DEMOLITION G1
PROCEDURE
8
7ist of Tables
Li"! of Ta7%e"
Page
Ta7%e *.1 Wi&!2 of Co-e'e& Wa%./a0 13
Ta7%e *.2 De"ig C'i!e'ia fo' Co-e'e& Wa%./a0 a& Ca!c2 P%a!fo'( 13
Ta7%e *.* Mii($( "pecifica!io fo' Po%0!20%ee Ne! 2)
Ta7%e *.# P'oppig Re>$i'e(e!" o !2e Ope'a!io of Mec2aica%
P%a! o S$"pe&e& F%oo' 26
Ta7%e #.1 S$((a'0 of Gee'a% C2a'ac!e'i"!ic" of De(o%i!io
Me!2o&" #48#5
Ta7%e C81 No'(a% Spa Dep!2 Ra!io of Reifo'ce& Coc'e!e
F%oo' S0"!e(? E;cee&ig /2ic2 co$%& 7e a I&ica!io
of !2e E;i"!ece of a P'ie"!e""e" S0"!e( C*
9
7ist of 9iures
Li"! of Fig$'e" Page
9iure 1.) Criteria for #oardin @ Covered 5al!way )'
9iure 1.% Typical Steel Catch Platforms and Covered 5al!ways )6>),
9iure '.) Demolition of Cantilevered 2einforced Concrete Slab
AManual MethodB '+
9iure '.% Demolition of Cantilevered 2einforced Concrete Slab
and BeamAManual MethodB -&
9iure '.1 Demolition of 3/ternal Beam AManual MethodB -%
9iure '.' Details for Securin 3/ternal Beams before Dismantlin
AManual MethodB -1
9iure '.- Pre>wea!enin and Dismantlin of Column AManual MethodB -'
9iure '.6 9ellin of 2einforced Concrete 5all AManual MethodB -6
9iure '., 9ellin of 2einforced Concrete 5all Separately from
the Cross Beam AManual MethodB -(
9iure '.( Demolition of Two 5ay Slab AManual MethodB -+
9iure '.+ Demolition of Secondary Beam AManual MethodB 6)
9iure '.)& Details for Securin Secondary Beams Before Dismantlin
AManual MethodB 6%
9iure '.)) Typical Se"uence of Top Down Method with
Mechanical 3"uipment 6->6,
9iure '.)% Demolition of Cantilevered Slab by Mobile Machine 6(>6+
9iure '.)1 Demolition of 2einforced Concrete 9rame by 3/cavator
5ith Cable ,%
9iure '.)' Demolition of 2einforced Concrete 5all by 3/cavator ,1>,-
9iure '.)- Demolition by #ydraulic Crusher with 7on 4rm Boom ,,
9iure '.)6 :peration of 5rec!in Ball ,+
9iure '.), 4pplication of 5ire Saw Techni"ues (6
9iure '.)( Mechanical Methods ((
9iure -.) 7iftin of Precast Structural 3lement +'
9iure -.% Protection for Detensionin of Prestressed Concrete Tendons +(
9iure -.1 Common Problems :ccur in Cantilevered Structures )&'
9iure 9.) Site Plan and 4d0oinin Site Conditions 91
9iure 9.% Typical 9loor Plan and 3/istin Buildin Information 9-
9iure 9.1 3levation 4 9,
9iure 9.' Demolition Procedure and Se"uence 9(
9iure 9.- Precautionary Measures 9)%
9iure 9.6 Typical Support at Cantilever 9)6
9iure 9., Typical detail for Party 5all Strenthenin 9),
9iure 8.) Site Plan and ad0oinin Site Conditions 8%
9iure 8.% Typical 9loor Plan and 3/istin Buildin Information 8'
9iure 8.1 3levation 4 86
9iure 8.' Demolition Procedure and Se"uence 8,
9iure 8.- Precautionary Measures 8)%
9iure #.) 9low Chart for Current Demolition Procedure #)
10
DEMOLITION OF BUILDINGS 9 CODE OF PRACTICE
1. GENERAL
1.1 Scope
This Code of Practice outlines ood practices for the plannin and implementation of demolition
wor!s for different types of buildins in Malaysia aimin at minimisin the ris!s of*
4B causin damae to persons and properties of the publicC
BB endanerin the health and safety of site personnelC and
CB damain the neihbourhood environment.
The Code is intended to ive uidelines for enineerin practice and safe procedures for various
demolition methods for buildins five storey and above and to provide uidance on the
compliance with re"uirements of the relevant acts and reulations. 4spects related to
environmental, occupational safety and health should be referenced to other relevant
re"uirements and reulations.
This Code sets out the uidelines for demolition of buildins and is applicable to individual
structures, partial demolition of buildins, basements, underround tan!s, and common civil
enineerin structures, e.., silos, industrial plants, piers, etc. #owever, this Code is not intended
to cover ma0or civil enineerin wor!s, such as underpinnin, e/cavation, hihway or railway
brides, dams and steel or timber structures buildins.
This Code covers methods commonly used in buildin demolition. 4ny other demolition methods
may also be used sub0ect to careful consideration and recommendations made by the 2eistered
Professional 3nineer and 2eistered Specialist Contractor in the Demolition Cateory with CIDB
Ahereinafter referred to D2eistered Specialist Contractor ADemolitionBE, or their consultants based
on well supported scientific research and enineerin assessment.
1.2 Defii!io"
9or the purpose of this Code, the followin definitions shall apply*
@B%a"!ig E;pe'!A means a person or a company who has e/perience in blastin wor!s and has
obtained permission as well as approval from Police to carry out blastin wor!s at a specific site.
@B$i%&ig +eig2!A means the vertical distance measured from the top most part of the buildin to
be demolished to the lowest round levelC
@B$i%&ig S$'-e0A means an inspection on the buildin and its surroundins aimin at spottin
any potential problems that may arise durin demolition and developin a method statement for
demolitionC
@Ca!c2 P%a!fo'(A is a temporary structure erected on top of the covered wal!way or underneath
the structures that are bein demolished includin, but not limited to, balconies and cantilevered
structures for the purpose of catchin and retainin debris and to protect the area beneath such
structures bein demolishedC
11
@Ca!c2faA is a temporary structure erected around and attached to or abuttin the e/terior wall
of the buildin bein demolished for the purpose of catchin and retainin debris that fall outside
the buildinC
@Co-e'e& Wa%./a0A means a temporary structure with protective roof erected alon the site
boundary and on or ad0acent to the e/istin footpath to protect pedestrians from the fallin debris
durin demolitionC
@De(o%i!ioA means dismantlin, ra=in, destroyin or wrec!in any buildin or structure or any
part thereof by pre>planned and controlled methodsC
@+agig S!'$c!$'eA is an unconventional structure that is supported from above by tension
members such as suspended cables, tie rods or other meansC
@+agig TieA mean the tension members providin supports to a hanin structure.
@+oa'&igA means a temporary fence enclosure erected alon the site boundary to separate the
demolition site from the ad0acent propertiesC
@I(p%o"ioA means demolition with the use of e/plosives, in which, the buildin debris falls
inwards or in a controlled mannerC
@I(p%o"io E;pe'!A means a person who has ac"uired ade"uate !nowlede and e/perience in
buildin implosion throuh trainin and practical e/perience and is competent in ta!in up the full
responsibility to desin, oranise and control buildin implosion.
@No8:e!i%a!e& Lig2! We%%A means a liht well which does not provide either natural ventilation
throuh openins at both top and bottom, or mechanical ventilation that allow circulation of airC
@Pa'!0 Wa%%A means a common wall that separates two ad0oinin buildinsC
@P$7%ic Fi%%ig A'eaA means dumpin site approved by the 8overnment for receivin suitable
construction andFor demolition waste for reclamation and land formation pro0ectsC
@Regi"!e'e& Specia%i"! Co!'ac!o' i !2e De(o%i!io Ca!ego'0A means a contractor reistered
with CIDB under the cateory of Ddemolition wor!G or such contractor as approved by CIDB
@Regi"!e'e& P'ofe""ioa% Egiee'A means a person whose name is for the time bein
reistered with Board of 3nineers Malaysia as a professional enineer under the cateory of
CI;I7 or ST2.CT.23C
@S!a&a'&" of Scaffo%&A mean vertical members of scaffoldinC
@S!a7i%i!0 Repo'! acco(pa0ig De(o%i!io P%aA is a stability report which includes stability
chec!in calculations for the buildin to be demolished, its supports, if any, the ad0oinin
properties and the loadin due to powered mechanical plants, or e"uipment.
@S!'$c!$'a% S$'-e0A means a survey on the e/istin structural element prior to demolition in
order to chec! the layout arranement of structural elements, the state of maintenance and
deterioration, and any structural implication that may affect the demolitionC
12
@T2e'(a% LaceA means an intense heat process used to cut or sever structural elements,
includin reinforced concrete elements, by means of a hih temperature torch with heat source
enerated from fusion of o/yen and metal.
2. PLANNING
2.1 B$i%&ig App'ai"a% a& De(o%i!io P%a
Prior to carryin out any buildin demolition, detailed buildin appraisal by means of surveys and
appropriate assessments shall be re"uired. In eneral, the surveys shall include a Buildin
Survey, a Structural Survey and a Dilapidation Survey with photoraphs or videos ta!en for future
reference. Based on the findins of these surveys, a demolition plan shall then be prepared and
submitted to the 7ocal 4uthorities. The demolition plan must also be accompanied by a report
toether with structural calculations assessin the stability of the buildin to be demolished and
all affected buildins, structures, streets, land and services.
2.1.1 B$i%&ig S$'-e0
4B 2ecord Drawins
Prior to the Buildin Survey, the e/istin record plan, includin layout plan showin
ad0oinin properties, pedestrian wal!way, roads and street, etc. shall be retrieved.
BB Survey Items
The Buildin Survey shall cover the followin*
)B The construction materialsC
%B The e/istin use and, if possible, the past uses of the buildin prior to demolitionC
1B The presence of wastewater, ha=ardous materials, matters arisin from to/ic
chemicals, flammable or e/plosive and radioactive materials, etc. and possible
presence of materials which can contribute to air pollution and soil contaminationC
'B Potential danerous areas, e.., abnormal layouts, presence of enclosed voids, and
non>ventilated liht wells which may trap obno/ious as at the bottomC
-B 4d0oinin properties and site conditions, such as the e/istence of slope and retainin
wall, wall supportin round, illeal structures, brides, underround railway and its
above round structures, includin entrances, vent shafts, distribution substations,
traction substations, plantrooms, overhead railway structures, surface trac! sections,
overhead cables or uy wires, and other utility service connectionsC
6B Drainae conditions and possible problems on water pollution, floodin and erosion,
especially on slopin sites and water receivin bodiesC
,B Shared facilities with ad0oinin buildin, includin common staircases, party walls,
and possible effect on it, such as self>enclosed walls to the ad0oinin buildins, durin
demolitionC
13
(B #oardin and covered wal!way re"uirementsC
+B 4d0oinin pedestrian and vehicular traffic conditionsC
)&B 4vailable headroom, clear spaces and distance of buildin from lot boundary which
may affect the loadin operation and transportation of buildin debris durin
demolitionC
))B The sensitivity of neihborhood with respect to noise, dust, vibration and traffic
impactC
)%B 4vailable site area to allow on>site sortin of buildin debrisC and
)1B Street furniture such as fire hydrant, par!in spaceFmetres, street liht, street sin
and haw!ersG stalls which could be affected by the demolition pro0ect.
CB #a=ardous Materials
)B .nless the Buildin Survey reviews that no obvious ha=ardous material is present in
the buildin, the 2eistered Specialist Contractor ADemolitionB shall cause proper
samplin and testin for the ha=ardous materialsC
%B In the case when ha=ardous materials e.., asbestos containin materials, or
petroleum, are present, they shall be removed and cleanedFdisposed of accordin to
the statutory re"uirementsC
1B In the case when the site has previously been used to store chemicals, and other
danerous oods, soil contamination assessment shall be re"uired at pre>demolition
stae andFor post>demolition staeC and
'B In the case when the site has previously been used to store e/plosives, special
procedures to ensure no e/plosives remain on site will be re"uired.
2.1.2 S!'$c!$'a% S$'-e0
4B 2ecord Drawins
Prior to the Structural Survey, the e/istin record layout, structural framin plans and
structural details shall be studied. The 2eistered Professional 3nineer shall chec! the
presence of unusual detailin that may cause abnormal structural behaviour durin
demolition, e.., upward anchor of tensile reinforcement in cantilevered structures. If
e/istin record plans are available, these plans shall be used as reference and preferably
be brouht alon with the Structural Survey.
BB Survey Items
The Structural Survey shall cover the followin*
)B The structural materials usedC
%B The oriinal structural system employed in the desinC
14
1B The method of constructionC
'B 4ny dilapidation and deree of deterioration on any structural elementsC
-B The structural conditions of ad0oinin structures and its shorin which may be
affected by the proposed demolition wor!C
6B The presence of continuous structures that may be truncated by the demolitionC
,B The structural system and structural conditions of basements, underround tan!s or
underround vaultsC
(B The presence of e/posed bracin or possible presence of covered bracinC
+B The nature of walls, whether it is bloc!wall, reinforced concrete walls, load bearin
walls or partition wallsC
)&B Cantilevered structures such as canopies, balconies, or other forms of architectural
featuresC and
))B 4ny fi/tures to the buildin such as sinboard, sun>shadin devices.
CB Special Structures
The Structural Survey shall review the followin*
)B the correctness of structural information availableC
%B the presence of any unconventional structural elements referred to in %.).1 4B 1B
which may re"uire special attention and well>defined modification proceduresC
1B the possibilities of structural modification to enable efficient demolition traffic durin
demolitionC and
'B any limitation on shorin and other temporary supports.
DB Investiation and Testin
In the case when no structural details are available, the Structural Survey shall include on
site measurement and retrieve any structural framin as much as practicable, performin
tests and e/posin some !ey structural elements to facilitate chec!in on e/istin structure.
This will allow the development of procedures that ensure the stability of the buildin at all
staes durin demolition.
2.1.* Di%api&a!io S$'-e0
aB The 2eistered Specialist Contractor ADemolitionB shall carry out dilapidation survey prior to
demolishin any structures.
bB This survey shall be carried out by ta!in photos of neihbourin structures.
15
cB In the event, any structural failure or defects to the surroundin buildin or structures the
2eistered Specialist Contractor ADemolitionB shall rectify and ma!e ood the defects at his
own e/pense as soon as possible.
2.1.# De(o%i!io P%a a& S!a7i%i!0 Repo'! ic%$&ig Ca%c$%a!io"
4B Demolition Plan
4 Demolition Plan shall include the followin*
)B 4 plan showin*
aB the location of the buildin to be demolishedC
bB a detailed toporaphy of the site and its surrounds toether with round level
contours and sections of the slopes and round supported by the buildin where
appropriateC
cB details of round removal andFor bac!fillinC and
dB the distances from the buildin to be demolished to its ad0acent buildins, streets,
structures and sinificant street furniture.
%B 4 layout plan of all floors of the buildin to be demolished, with ade"uate
sections, showin*
aB the occupancy usae of the floorsC
bB the structural support systemsC
cB principal materials of constructionC
dB the condition of the buildin e.. the deree of deteriorationC and
eB the relationship of the buildin to be demolished with neihbourin properties
affected by the demolition, which include all ad0oinin buildins and unauthori=ed
structures, shared staircases, party walls, truncatin continuous frames, slopes,
retainin wall, overhead cables, uy wires and underround utility services.
1B 4 plan showin the structural arranement and construction of all unconventional
structural elements, such as prestressed concrete structures, precast concrete
members, stressed s!in structures, steel framed structures, haners, hanin ties,
trusses or ;ierendeel irders, deep beams, lon span beams Areater than )&mB,
arches, transfer plates, transfer irders, earth retainin or basement structures,
buildins which also act as earth>retainin structures supportin ad0acent round, flat
slabs, hollow bloc! ribbed slabs and lare cantilevered structuresC
'B 4 plan showin the procedure for the demolition of the buildinC detailed se"uence of
demolishin particular structural membersC and the method of demolition to be
adopted includin the restrictions on the use of any particular type of e"uipmentC
16
-B In the case when powered mechanical plants and e"uipment are used, a plan
showin the route of movement of powered mechanical plants and e"uipment
includin the method of liftin mechanical plant, where necessary, onto the top floors
of the structureC any structural alterations re"uired to suit the demolition, e..
temporary strenthenin to suit early removal of any round floorFor coc!loft structure
to facilitate vehicular movement at round floor, or strenthenin of deteriorated !ey
structural membersC and any shorin, temporary supports andFor floor proppin
re"uiredC
6B 4 plan showin all precautionary measures for the protection of the public includin
hoardins, covered wal!ways, catch platforms, catchfans, scaffoldin, protective
screens and safety netsC
,B 4 plan showin the proposed shorin and precautionary measures for all affected
ad0acent buildins, slopes, retainin structures and services at each stae of the
demolition wor!sC
(B 4 plan showin the proposed shorin and temporary support to be provided to the
buildin to be demolishedC
+B 4 plan or descriptive notes on the proposed methods for handlin and disposal of
debris includin*
aB the permissible temporary accumulation of buildin debris at upper floors and at
round floorC
bB method of handlin demolished buildin debrisC
cB the routin and movement of debris from each floor to on rade holdin area prior to
leavin the siteC
dB means of transportation of debris off the siteC
eB time and fre"uency of debris disposal off siteC
fB record scheme on the tonnae of each truc! load, truc! licence plate, driverGs name,
trip tic!ets and location of dump siteC
B the site supervisory personnel responsible for the debris manaement systemC and
hB a temporary par!in layout for mobile machines and truc!s, if necessaryC
BB Stability 2eport includin Calculations
The Stability 2eport shall include the followin parts*
)B a report on the stability of the buildin to be demolished durin all staes of
demolitionC
17
%B in the case when powered mechanical plants or e"uipment are used, a report on the
stability of the buildin with supportin calculations to demonstrate that the use of the
plants and e"uipment will not render inade"uate the marin of safety of, or cause
damae to any buildin, structure, street, land and servicesC
1B in the case when powered mechanical plants or e"uipment are used, structural
calculations for all temporary supports and bracinsC
'B a report on the stability of neihbourin buildins, ad0oinin properties as stated in
%.).).BB -B, party walls, streets, land and services which may be affected by the
demolition wor!C
-B in the case when temporary or permanent supports are re"uired to these
neihbourin buildins, ad0oinin properties, and party walls, structural calculations
for these temporary and permanent supportsC and
6B a report with calculations demonstratin that the demolition wor! will not render
inade"uate the marin of safety of, or cause damae to any buildin, structure,
street, land and services.
4 chec!list for preparin a Demolition Plan and Stability 2eport with Calculations is
depicted in 4ppendi/ B.
2.2 U!i%i!ie"
2.2.1 Te'(ia!io of U!i%i!ie"
Prior to actual demolition, the 4uthori=ed Person shall liaise with all available utility companies so
as*
4B to !eep records of available utilities leadin into the premisesC and BB to cause all utilities to
be terminated.
2.2.2 Effec!" of De(o%i!io o U!i%i!ie"
The demolition plan shall ensure that durin the course of demolition, no e/istin utilities in the
vicinity of the demolition sites are affected by the demolition operation.
2.2.* Co((o U!i%i!ie"
The common utilities encountered in buildin demolition enerally include the followin*
4B 3lectricityC
BB 5aterC
CB 8asC
DB TelecommunicationC
3B DrainaeC
18
9B :verhead and .nderround CablesC
8B 2ailway Tunnel and its accessories, such as vent shaftsC
#B Sewae Tunnel and its accessoriesC and
IB Disused Tunnel.
4ll utility companies and relevant aencies shall be consulted prior to demolition of the structure.
2.2.# Mai!eace of Ce'!ai U!i%i!ie"
4B Durin demolition, the followin basic utilities shall be re"uired to provide a safe and
healthy wor!in environment*
)B Temporary water supply shall be re"uired to provide water sprayin durin demolition
as dust pollution abatement measuresC
%B Temporary telecommunication lin! between the demolition site and outside
oranisation shall be maintained for both security and communication reasonsC and
1B Temporary electricity supply for lihtin and other construction use.
BB In the case when temporary utilities are available, all such temporary utilities, includin
electrical fittins shall be weather>proofed.
2.* +a,a'&o$" Ma!e'ia%
If ha=ardous materials, such as asbestos containin materials, petroleum contamination and
radioactive contamination, e/ist in the buildin, further investiation and removal of such
ha=ardous material or contamination by specialist shall be referenced.
2.*.1 A"7e"!o" Co!aiig Ma!e'ia%
Samples are to be ta!en and tested for asbestos containin material. In the case when asbestos
containin material are discovered, such material must be carefully removed from the site by
licensed contractor reistered under Department of 3nvironment. The asbestos waste should be
handled, stored and disposed of as chemical waste.
2.*.2 Soi% Co!a(ia!io Ma!e'ia%
In the case when possible soil contamination material is present, specialist shall be employed to
prepare soil contamination test proposal and submit such proposal to the Department of
3nvironment AD:3B for comment. .pon areement by the D:3, and completion of the tests, a
Soil Contamination 4ssessment shall be submitted to the D:3 for acceptance. In the case when
remedial wor!s are re"uired, the remedial proposal shall be submitted to the D:3 for approval
prior to implementation of such remedial wor!s.
19
*. PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES
*.1 Gee'a%
Site safety features shall emphasise protection of the public, particularly, the pedestrian and
vehicular traffic and the ad0acent properties. Proper safety features shall be desined to ma!e
sure that the demolition can be carried out safely and the site personnel are protected. The
2eistered Specialist Contractor ADemolitionB shall carry out the demolition wor!s includin
precautionary measures in accordance with the approved plans and other related documents,
and provide continuous supervision to the wor!s.
*.2 +oa'&ig a& Co-e'e& Wa%./a0
The primary purpose of hoardin and covered wal!way is to provide protection of the public
durin the construction or demolition of buildins. 8enerally, hoardin isolates the demolition site
from the public, thus preventin unauthori=ed access and trespassin. The covered wal!way, in
con0unction with catch platform, provides additional protection to the pedestrian traffic aainst
fallin debris. The 2eistered Professional 3nineer shall desin them to suit individual site
circumstances. Suested desins for hoardin, covered wal!way and catch platform are listed in
the followin*
*.2.1 Re>$i'e(e!" fo' +oa'&ig? Co-e'e& Wa%./a0 a& Ca!c2 P%a!fo'(
The criteria for use of covered wal!way for a site depend on the heiht of the buildin bein
demolished and its pro/imity to the vehicular andFor pedestrian traffic. The re"uirements for
hoardin, covered wal!way and catch platform are described in the followin*
4B 9or buildins that have a clear space between the buildin line and the lot boundary e"ual
to or more than the buildin heiht Ahereinafter referred to as clear spaceB, only hoardin
shall be re"uiredC
BB Covered wal!way shall be provided for buildin with clear space less than the buildin
heihtC
CB Covered wal!way with catch platform shall be provided for buildins with clear space less
than half the buildin heiht. <o catch platform is re"uired for buildin less than ' m hihC
DB The hoardin andFor covered wal!way shall be provided alon the full lenth of the site
boundary ad0acent to public access.
3B The re"uirements for hoardin, covered wal!way and catch platform are illustrated in
9iure 1.).
20
21
*.2.2 Di(e"io"
4 minimum vertical clearance of %.1 m shall be provided for the covered wal!way. 4 minimum
clear width of ).) m is re"uired for hoardinFcovered wal!ways sited on a carriaeway. 4s reards
hoardinFcovered wal!ways on a footpath, the clear width should be related to the e/istin
pavement as set out in Table 1.). The re"uired clear width must not be obstructed in any manner
e.. by traffic sin, temporary supports, scaffoldins or the li!e. The width of the catch platform
shall not be less than % m when it abuts a street and may be reduced by the amount of set bac!
of the buildin. Separation distance between the wal!way cover and the catch platform shall be
individually determined accordin to the desin need, e.. maintenance. 4 minimum clearance of
-.- m shall be maintained for the catch platform within a minimum distance of -&& mm from ede
of a carriaeway unless otherwise areed by the #ihways Department. -.- m clear headroom
over antry shall be maintained as far as practicable.
Ta7%e *.1. Wi&!2 of Co-e'e& Wa%./a0
E;i"!ig Pa-e(e! Wi&!2 Mii($( C%ea' Wi&!2 i Wa%./a0
%.- m or less <ormally ).- m minimum. 3/emption may be Considered
if the pavement is of insufficient width
:ver %.- m to 1 m 5idth of the pavement minimum of &.( m sub0ect to a
ma/imum of % m
:ver 1 m % m
*.2.* De"ig C'i!e'ia
The roof of the covered wal!way shall be desined to support a uniformly distributed load of -
!Pa. The catch platform shall be desined to sustain a uniformly distributed load of - !Pa or a
point load of %& !< actin on an effective area of 1&& mm H 1&& mm, whichever shall produce the
most adverse effect. Desin criteria for covered wal!way and catch platform are summarised in
Table 1.%. The hoardin, covered wal!way and catch platform shall be desined to sustain the
wind load. The location of the proposed covered wal!way shall be compatible to the e/istin
traffic environment.
Typical details for the catch platform and covered wal!way are illustrated in 9iure 1.%.
Ta7%e *.2. De"ig C'i!e'ia fo' Co-e'e& Wa%./a0 a& Ca!c2 P%a!fo'(
Uifo'( Di"!'i7$!e& Loa& Poi! Loa&
Covered 5al!way - !Pa >
Catch Platform - !Pa %& !< actin on an effective
area of 1&& mm I 1&& mm
22
23
24
*.2.# P'ope' U"e of Co-e'e& Wa%./a0
Debris shall not be accumulated on the roof of the covered wal!way. It shall not be used for any
other purposes such as storae of buildin materials and e"uipment inside or above the covered
wal!way.
If it is intended to build a temporary contractorGs shed over the covered wal!way, it must be
structurally independent of the covered wal!way. The roof of the contractorGs shed shall sustain
the desin load criteria for the catch platform or covered wal!way whichever is applicable.
The roof of the covered wal!way shall be pitched inwards to better contain the debris and for roof
drainae. .pstand ede board of ).) m or hiher measured from the toe of roof line of the catch
platformGs outer ede shall be provided to retain the fallen debris.
*.2.3 Co"!'$c!io
4s far as practicable, the structural components of the covered wal!way and catch platform shall
be prefabricated and fastened toether on site by bolts so that they can be reused. Site weldin
shall be minimi=ed in order to reduce the erectin time and potential ha=ard to pedestrians or
vehicular traffic. Prefabricated shorin systems, lass fibre reinforced panels and other ready to
use systems shall be used for the hoardin, cover wal!way or catch platform installation as much
as possible.
*.2.4 Lig2!ig
4 system of temporary lihtin shall be provided for the covered wal!way and shall be maintained
in ood order. The averae illuminance on the floor level of the covered wal!way shall be within
the rane of 1- lu/ to -& lu/. The lihtin shall be weather>proofed. 4 recommended lihtin
layout for typical covered wal!way is the installation of luminaries complete with )( 5 or %& 5
6&& mm lon tubular florescent lamps at 1 m spacin.
*.* Scaffo%&ig" a& Sc'ee Co-e'"
*.*.1 Scaffo%&ig"
Metal scaffolds shall be used for top down demolition pro0ects. Metal scaffolds are considered
acceptable provided that they are erected by the desinated person accordin to Part / of
9actory and Machinery ABuildin :perations and 5or!s of 3nineerin ConstructionB ASafetyB
2eulation )+(6C 9actory and Machinery 4ct, 4ct )1+, )+6,.
4B Scaffoldin Construction and 5or! Platform 2e"uirements
The erection, dismantlin and safety re"uirements of the wor! platforms and scaffold shall be in
accordance with the relevant codes of practice on scaffoldin safety. The wor!s shall be carried
out by trained wor!men under the immediate supervision of a competent person.
Supports for the scaffolds should be of ade"uate strenth to hold the vertical and lateral loads
imposed on the scaffolds includin the catchfans, wor! platforms, etc. In case when elevated
supports are re"uired to receive the weihts of the scaffolds, be they the steel brac!ets and
anchors fi/ed to the e/istin buildin or other !inds of supportin system, they shall be desined
by a 2eistered Professional 3nineer. 5here wor!in platforms are re"uired to facilitate wor!in
at heiht, they shall be properly constructed and provided on the three consecutive lifts directly
25
below the floor bein demolished with toe boards provided at the outer ede. Periodic
maintenance shall be performed to remove any debris accidentally fallin out of the buildin and
accumulated on the platforms.
BB Metal Scaffold
Metal scaffold shall be able to support the live load imposed on three consecutive layers of wor!
platform plus its own weiht. 4dditional loadin conditions, if any, shall be included in determinin
the allowable heiht for the scaffoldins. Tie to e/istin structure shall be in accordance with
manufacturerGs recommendations.
CB Dismantlin
Dismantlin of the scaffolds shall coincide with the demolition proress. 5hen the wall ties are
disconnected due to the demolition of the buildin structure, the unsecured section of the
scaffolds shall be removed accordinly. The unbraced sections shall not be hiher than % m from
the nearest anchor.
*.*.2 Sc'ee Co-e'"
4B 2e"uirements
Two layers of protective screen shall be placed over the scaffolds to completely enclose the
buildin structure for retainin dust and small debris. Tarpaulin and heavy duty nets shall be used
to cover the e/terior face of the scaffold. Tarpaulin shall be placed over the net.
BB Ties
The protective screens shall be secured to the scaffoldins at not more than % m intervals at both
hori=ontal and vertical directions or the width of the net, whichever is less. The screens shall have
a minimum overlappin width of 1&& mm.
CB <ets
)B Materials and Installation
#eavy duty nets shall be relatively liht weiht and have ood retainin capability for
small debris. The material shall resist ultra>violet liht deterioration. The nets shall be
secured to the scaffold and at the catchfan so that debris can be retained and not
deflected onto the round.
The net shall meet the minimum re"uirements as listed in Table 1.1 or approved
e"uivalent.
26
Ta7%e *.* Mii($( Specifica!io fo' Po%0e!20%ee Ne!
C'i!e'ia Mii($( Re>$i'e(e!
Material polyethylene
Strin diameter ) mm
Plys )6
Mesh rid openin %&mm
5eiht )1& Fm
%
DB Tarpaulin
Tarpaulin shall be liht weiht and constructed of fire retardant materials.
The fire retardant characteristic of the tarpaulin shall meet either one of the followin
re"uirements of*
)B Class B material as specified in British Standard -(6,C or
%B 4ny e"uivalent standard criteria or testin.
*.# Ca!c2fa
*.#.1 Re>$i'e(e!"
The desin intention of the catchfans is to catch small pieces of buildin debris that passes
throuh the protective screen and net, and the catchfans are not desined to collect lare pieces
of buildin debris which should have been collected by the protective screen or net. 4 small piece
of debris could be disastrous after ainin enouh !inetic enery throuh fallin reat heihts.
Thus, a catchfan shall be installed at a vertical distance of not more than )& m below the wor!in
floor. 4 catchfan shall have a hori=ontal e/tension of ).- m from the e/terior face of the
scaffoldin. The typical anle of inclination shall be %&J to '-J from the hori=ontal plane.
Catchfans shall be used only as precautionary measures and shall not be used as temporary
support for any anticipated loads.
*.#.2 S!ee% Ca!c2fa
The steel catchfans are considered as temporary cantilevered structures with steel framin
e/tended from the buildin. The use of e/pansive anchor bolts in erectin the catchfan shall be
avoided as far as practicable since the anchor bolt may be loosened by vibration enerated
durin the demolition process. In the case when anchors are used, they shall be applied
cautiously with e/treme careC and not as a primary support. 3/treme care shall be e/ercised in
erectin and dismantlin the catchfan to avoid the structural components from accidentally fallin
off. 4ll the components of the steel catchfan shall be supported, and securely fastened to the
liftin appliances or supportin structural element until the installation is completed. Catchfan may
be constructed with components of prefabricated steelFmetal scaffold. Such use is particularly
compatible with metal scaffolds. The desin and installation of catchfan usin prefabricated metal
scaffold components shall be in accordance with the manufacturerGs recommended criteria. 4s far
27
as practicable, the components of the catchfan shall be prefabricated and fastened by bolt to
minimise weldin.
A9I8.23 1.1 > 23M:;3DB
28
*.3 Te(po'a'0 S$ppo'!"
*.3.1 Gee'a%
4B 2e"uirements
Temporary supports to the structure or the elements of the structure bein
demolished shall be provided for any or combination of the followin conditions*
)B when the whole or any part of the structure is sub0ected to e/cess loadin
derived from the demolition activities, movement of powered mechanical plants
or debris accumulationC
%B when any part of the structure or any element bein demolished is not self>
supportinC or
1B when the temporary stability of the structure or its elements could be impaired as
a result of the demolition activities. Temporary supports shall not be removed
until its supportin loads are completely removed.
:n the other hand, temporary supports shall be removed as much as possible and
practicable after demolition. In the case when temporary supports have to remain,
2eistered Professional 3nineer and 2eistered Specialist Contractor ADemolitionB
shall be responsible for routine inspection and maintenance of such temporary wor!s
until they are completely removed.
BB Cantilevered Structures
Temporary supports shall be re"uired durin the demolition of cantilevered structures.
4nchorae or holdin down load of the cantilevered structure must not be removed
prior to the demolition of the cantilever itself unless the cantilever has been
temporarily supported.
Demolition of e/ternal cantilevered structures facin public streets and which are
hiher than 'm above round and offset from the site boundary at a distance less
than one half of the heiht of the buildin to be demolished may affect the safety of
the public. In demolishin these e/ternal cantilevered structures, the areas
underneath them shall be protected by temporary platforms which are desined to
resist both the anticipated demolition loadin and construction loadin, unless the
cantilevered structures are demolished by cut and lift, or other similar techni"ues.
CB Catch Platform
Catch platform shall be provided on top of the covered wal!way in accordance with
the re"uirements and desin criteria as described in 1.%.
Catch platform shall also be provided underneath structural elements when the area
ad0acent to or directly underneath the said structural element re"uires protection from
fallin debris or other potential ha=ard caused by the demolition. These structural
elements enerally include, but are not limited to, pro0ected canopies and balconies.
29
Dependin on the demolition process, catch platforms may be re"uired underneath
special structures such as e/ternal architectural features and prestressed concrete
elements. Catch platform shall be installed prior to commencement of demolition.
Catch platform shall be desined to support the anticipated loadin condition durin
the demolition process.
DB 4d0acent Buildin
Temporary supports shall be provided to ad0acent properties includin, but not limited
to, buildins, public or private utilities, slopes, retainin walls or land when the
removal of the buildin or any part of the buildin bein demolished could affect the
stability of such properties. Common features, such as truncated continuous beams,
e/posed party walls and common staircases, shall be protected and stabilised.
Safe inress and eress for ad0oinin properties shall be maintained. 4de"uate
supports shall be provided to maintain the stability of common staircases for
maintainin continuous access for the ad0oinin properties. Demolition pro0ect, such
as the tenement house, may involve the removal of structural members that are part
of the interal structure for supportin the remainin buildin. 4ppropriate supports to
brace the structure shall be installed.
3B Incomplete Demolition Pro0ects
5hen a demolition pro0ect is shut down for a proloned period before its completion,
the remainin structure, if any, shall be stabilised by temporary support andFor
bracin systems.
*.3.2 Ma!e'ia%" a& T0pe"
4B Materials
The temporary supports used for demolition shall be built with structural steel, heavy
timber, fill emban!mentFbuttress, or other material which is considered to be appropriate for
the purpose.
BB Pre>manufactured System
Pre>manufactured components such as tubular shores, telescope steel props, framed
towers, etc., may be used as temporary supports provided their desin capacity and their
erection and maintenance re"uirements are followed in strict accordance with
manufacturerKs recommendations. 5here the desin capacity of a pre>manufactured
component cannot be established by standard structural desin and analysis, tests shall be
performed to establish the desin capacity.
CB 3/istin Structure
3/istin non>structural concrete or partition walls shall not be considered as part of the
temporary support system unless it is shown by structural analysis that they are ade"uate
for the purpose.
DB .sed Timber
30
Timber which has been damaed or has deteriorated due to repeated use, insect, decay or
chemical attac! shall not be used.
3B .sed Structural Steel
.sed structural steel shall not be employed unless pre>approved by the 2eistered
Professional 3nineer. 5here used structural steel is employed, the actual dimensions of
the steel section shall be measured and its section properties shall be calculated on the
basis of the least cross>sectional area includin appropriate allowances for any e/istin bolt
holes, etc. 5here the material sources are not !nown, material properties shall be chec!ed.
4ll used structural steel with e/cessive pre>e/istin bolt holes shall be repaired.
*.3.* Loa&"
4B 8ravity 7oads
The temporary support systems shall be desined to simultaneously withstand, all of the
followin loads*
)B construction loads such as the construction operatives, hand tools and small
e"uipmentC
%B debris accumulation and impact from fallen debrisC and
1B heavy machinery used.
Sub0ect to a detailed evaluation for special circumstances, in no case shall the construction
loads due to item A)B be assumed to be less than ).- !Pa.
7oadin due to items A%B and A1B shall be established by the actual weiht of the debris
li!ely to be accumulated and the weiht of machinery to be used. In the case where no
wor!in load is available, minimum impact factor of ).%- shall be applied to the static
weiht of the machinery for the purpose of desin for the temporary wor!s to account for
the vibration from movin e"uipment on a suspended floor.
BB 7ateral 7oads
To ensure the lateral stability of the temporary supports, they shall be desined to withstand
the reater lateral loads of either*
)B The combination of any calculated or reasonably anticipated lateral forces which shall
be applied to the temporary support due to ad0acent slopeFretainin wall or buildin,
movin machinery or impact from dumpin of demolition debris and wind forceC or
%B 4 minimum of 1L of total vertical loads at the centre of ravity of these applied loads,
or a minimum of ).- !< per metre lenth of the supported structure, whichever is
reaterC
31
CB Desin Consideration for Temporary Support
)B 4ll temporary support systems shall be supported on ade"uate foundations or floors. In
the case when the immediate floor below the floor under demolition is not ade"uate to
carry the imposed loadin from the demolition activities, shorin shall be carried down
to the lower floors until ade"uate support is achieved. 2elative stiffness of the
supportin props to the supported members shall be considered in determinin the
proportion of loadins shared by each propped floorC
%B The lower floors may be allowed to carry the balance of the e/cess loadin provided
that their support capacities are not e/ceeded. The shores on the lower floors shall be
alined in the same position on each floor to provide continuous support without
causin punchin shear or reverse bendin in the lower floorsC
1B 4ttention shall be paid to avoid placin the temporary supports on foundations which
may e/hibit intolerable differential settlementsC and
'B The load capacity of the floor slabs shall be chec!ed to ensure that they can
ade"uately resist the concentrated loads from the temporary supports. Distributin the
loads throuh the use of sleepers and base plates may increase the capacity of the
floor slab.
*.3.# S!'$c!$'a% Aa%0"i" a& De"ig
The analysis and desin of the support system and its components shall comply with well
established international codes or provisions whenever applicable.
*.3.3 Te(po'a'0 P'oppig S0"!e(
Prefabricated proppin system may be used to support the operation of the mechanical plant, or
other loadin durin the demolition process on a suspended floor. 4 uideline for proppin
re"uirements under typical loadin conditions is depicted in Table 1.'. 4lternative proppin
arranement with steel props of different bearin capacities to suit particular sites may also be
used based on enineerin approach.
The application of the proppin re"uirements in Table 1.' shall follow the limitations and desin
re"uirements as listed below*
4B The proppin re"uirements are not applicable to special structures and unconventional
layout as described in %.).1 4B 1BC
BB In eneral, debris accumulation shall not be permitted unless the debris accumulation is
0ustified by enineerin calculationC
CB The proppin desin is based on the use of structural steel access ramp. The radient of
the ramp shall not be steeper than 1&MC
DB Minimum bearin capacity for the steel prop shall not be less than %- !< for supportin the
mechanical plant and '- !< for area under the access rampC
3B The props shall be braced to provide lateral restraints in at least % directionsC
32
9B The top and bottom supports of props shall be ade"uately secured and weded tihtC and
8B 4de"uate spreader shall be provided for props bearin on round, if necessary, to avoid
undue settlement.
Ta7%e *.#. P'oppig Re>$i'e(e!" o !2e Ope'a!io of Mec2aica%
P%a! o S$"pe&e& F%oo'
Desin imposed load of floor to
be demolished
1 !Pa - !Pa ,.- !Pa )%.- !Pa
Ma/imum weiht of
mechanical plant allowed
)),6&& ! )),6&& ! )),6&& ! )),6&& !
Minimum no. of consecutive
floors re"uired to distribute
mechanical plant loadin,
throuh proppin
- 1 % %
Minimum no. of consecutive
floors re"uired to distribute
localised loadin from
temporary ramp, throuh
proppin
- ' 1 %
Ma/imum spacin of steel
props in each direction
).%m ).%m ).%m ).%m
*.3.4 E'ec!io a& Di"(a!%ig
4B 4ll temporary supports shall be erected strictly in accordance with the demolition plans
andFor in accordance with the manufacturerGs recommendations which shall comply with
international codes or provisions whenever applicable. 4ll pre>manufactured systems and
their accessories shall be e/amined for structural defects. 4ny damaed components and
their accessories shall be discardedC
BB 4ll vertical supports shall be erected and maintained plumb as much as possible. :ther
arranements may be acceptable as lon as the supportin structural members are not
stressed beyond the acceptable limitsC
CB 4ll bracin shall be installed in accordance with the approved plans and the manufacturerGs
recommendations. Its connections to the main members shall be chec!ed to ensure tiht fit
and ade"uacyC and
DB 4ll temporary supports shall not be dismantled or modified until their use is no loner
re"uired. The desin of the temporary supports shall ensure that they can be dismantled
safely without imposin daner to the wor!ers or the public.
33
*.4 P'o!ec!io of P'ope'!ie"
*.4.1 Gee'a%
Stability treatment shall be provided to protect buildin elements that may be affected by the
demolition pro0ect. The desin of the bracin system shall be based on a structural assessment
and enineerin evaluation to provide necessary and sufficient protection for the affected
properties.
*.4.2 Pa'!0 Wa%%" a& E;!e'a% Wa%%"
Party walls that separate the ad0oinin buildin and the demolition pro0ect shall remain and be
protected durin and after the demolition pro0ect. 2edundant party wall shall be removed as far as
possible. Demolition of structural elements ad0acent to the party wall or the e/ternal wall of
ad0oinin buildin Ahereinafter in section 1.6.% referred to as e/ternal wallB shall be performed by
manual method with e/treme care to prevent any damae to the party wall or the e/ternal wall.
The party wall or e/ternal wall stabilisation and treatment shall be applied on each floor
immediately after the said floor is demolished.
4B 5aterproofin
The party wall or e/ternal wall shall be protected aainst infiltration and water seepae
when it is e/posed to the weather. 2oof lines and wall 0oints are more susceptible to water
lea!ae problems and shall be chec!ed for waterproofin treatment. 4ll loose bric!s or fill
materials shall be removed. 4ll openins and voids shall be filled with concrete.
)B 5aterproofin may be achieved by cement mortar treatments. The application of the
cement>mortar finish shall follow the procedures below*
aB The surface of the party wall or e/ternal wall shall be thorouhly cleanedC
bB 4pplication of bondin aent in accordance with manufacturerGs
recommendationC
cB Cement e/terior finishin shall be applied in two coats*
iB The first coat shall have a minimum thic!ness of )& mm with a cement>lime>
sand mi/ ratio of )*%*6C
iiB The second coat shall have a minimum thic!ness of )& mm with a cement>
lime>sand mi/ ratio of )*1*6.
%B 5aterproofin paper may be used as temporary treatment to protect the party wall or
e/ternal wall. The waterproofin paper on the upper row shall always overlap the row of
paper immediately below. The waterproofin paper shall be securely fastened to the
buildin wall.
1B 5aterproofin to party wall or e/ternal wall shall be carried out as soon as practicable. In
eneral, such water proofin wor! shall be performed as buildin demolition proresses.
34
BB Structural Supports
The e/posed party walls or unprotected e/ternal wall may be temporarily supported by timber
ra!in shores or installation of stiffeners consistin of structural steel members with concrete
cover or other corrosion protective system as desined by the 2eistered Professional 3nineer.
If structural conditions allow, the stability of the party wall or the e/ternal wall may be improved by
leavin a portion of the common beams and slabs which are connected to the party wall.
The layout of the temporary supports to the party wall or the e/ternal wall shall be considered in
the new construction. Permanent support is re"uired to ensure continuity of the party wall support
and minimise any possible interference. The temporary wall treatment shall be maintained until
the application of the permanent treatment which may be incorporated in the construction of the
new buildin.
*.4.* Fo$&a!io S$ppo'!
4 thorouh evaluation shall be conducted for demolition involvin basement, below round
structures or any structure that may affect the foundation of the ad0oinin properties. 4ppropriate
shorin, underpinnin or other protective measures shall be installed if necessary. Details of the
demolition of the underround structure shall be referred to in -.+.
*.5 P'o!ec!io of T'affic
*.5.1 A&Bace! T'affic
4ny closure of roads and wal!ways may seriously impact the trafficFpedestrian circulation and
cause disruption to the public. Therefore, as far as practicable, the installation of the
precautionary measures and the demolition operation which causes any closure of traffic lanes
shall be avoided. If unavoidable, prior permissionF arranement with 2oyal Malaysian Police shall
be obtained. Temporary closure of a traffic lane may be considered for niht wor!. Temporary
closure of a traffic lane may also be considered for e/ceptional cases where there are no other
practical alternatives to safely demolish the buildin elements such as pro0ected canopies,
balconies or verandah.
*.5.2 T'affic Maage(e! P%a
If traffic closure is necessary, a proper Traffic Manaement Plan shall be submitted to the 7ocal
4uthority for their review and approval.
*.5.* Si!e Acce""
Safety measures for construction access to and from the site shall be considered in a demolition
pro0ect. Proper headroom, sihtline, sereation, loadinFunloadin location, illumination etc.
shall be provided for the protection of vehicular and pedestrian traffic from the inress and eress
of construction vehicles.
35
*.1 Specia% Safe!0 Co"i&e'a!io"
*.1.1 T'aiig a& Co(($ica!io
Demolition wor!ers, includin plant or e"uipment operators, shall o throuh proper 0ob safety
trainin and be informed of the potential ha=ards by attendin trainin sessions as well as on>the>
0ob trainin.
Site safety and pro0ect understandin shall be promoted throuh an induction meetin at the
beinnin of the pro0ect, where information related to the pro0ect such as the proposed method
and procedures, potential daner durin the operation, safety measures and pro0ect specifics can
be disseminated to all on site personnel.
The safety concept can be maintained by reular safety meetins throuhout the pro0ect period.
Site safety attitude may be cultivated by strict enforcement of the safety reulations by the site
supervisor.
4part from instillin the importance of safe attitudes to wor!ers and plant or e"uipment operators,
they shall be trained by competent instructors on the followin to observe safety precautions*
4B 5or!in at #eihtsC
BB 5or!in in Confined SpacesC
CB 5or!in with 7iftin 4ppliances and 7iftin 8earsC
DB .se of Personal Protective 3"uipmentC
3B #ot 5or!sC
9B #andlin of ChemicalsC
8B #ealth #a=ards in Demolition 5or!sC and
#B Safe plant operatin =ones and safe plant manipulation =ones.
*.1.2 E>$ip(e! Mai!eace
4ll e"uipment shall be tested and e/amined before use. They shall be properly stored and
maintained. The e"uipment shall be inspected daily and results of the inspection shall be
recorded accordinly. 4 detailed safety instruction shall be provided to cater for specific situations
of the pro0ect, if necessary.
*.1.* E%ec!'ica% Safe!0
4 properly connected power source from a local electric utility supplier or a mobile electricity
enerator shall be utili=ed in demolition sites.
36
*.1.# Fi'e
4ll flammable oods shall be removed from site unless they are necessary for the wor!s involved.
4ny remainin flammable oods shall be stored in proper storae facilities. 4ll furniture, timber,
doors, etc. shall be removed before any weldin wor! is performed. 9ire fihtin appliances shall
be provided and maintained in wor!in conditions.
*.1.3 Occ$pa!ioa% +ea%!2
The health of wor!ers on site shall be properly protected particularly on the followin areas*
4B 3/posure to DustC
BB Chemical 3/posureC
CB #eat Stress and ;entilationC
DB <oise 3/posureC
3B Medical and 9irst 4id 9acilitiesC
9B SanitationC
8B :ccupational DiseasesC and
#B Poisonin.
*.1.4 E(e'gec0 E;i! Re>$i'e(e!" i De(o%i!io Si!e"
3merency e/its shall be provided durin buildin demolition. In case of any emerency
evacuations, the emerency e/it will serve as a lifeline for transportation of in0ured wor!ers. 4
minimum of one e/it route shall be maintained and desinated as the emerency e/it at all times
durin the demolition. 4de"uate lihtin and fire e/tinuishin e"uipment shall be provided.
3merency e/it shall be properly protected, free of obstruction, and properly mar!ed with e/it
sins or other indications to clearly show the route. 4ll wor!ers shall be informed about the e/it
route.
*.1.5 :i7'a!io
Demolition wor! will cause vibration to neihbourin buildins or structures to various e/tent,
dependin on the method of demolition. The most serious vibration is caused by implosion. The
effect of vibration caused by implosion are cateorised as follows*>
). permanent round distortion produced by blast>induced as pressuresC
%. vibratory settlement of foundation materialsC
1. pro0ectile impact Ai.e. blast fly roc!BC and
'. vibratory crac!in from round vibration or air blast.
37
These effects will have to be dealt with specifically in the method statement for implosion. 9or
other mechanical demolition methods, the vibration effect is usually less than some other
construction processes, such as percussive pilin and blastin. In some cases, the traffic
vibrations caused by heavy duty tractors are more sinificant than that caused by mechanical
demolition. In order to identify the actual cause and effect of vibration, 2eistered Specialist
Contractors ADemolitionB are advised to carry out vibration monitorin durin demolition. 4s a
eneral uideline, the pea! particle velocities at any ad0oinin structure shall not e/ceed
)-mmFsec for proloned vibration caused by mechanical demolition.
*.6 E-i'o(e!a% P'eca$!io"
The eneral re"uirements to minimise environmental impacts from construction sites can also be
applied to demolition processes. The followin sections contain some of the procedures to be
adopted*
*.6.1 Ai' Po%%$!io
Concrete brea!in, handlin of debris and haulin process are main sources of dust from buildin
demolition. Dust mitiation measures shall be adopted to minimise dust emissions. Burnin of
waste shall not be allowed.
*.6.2 Noi"e
<oise pollution arisin from the demolition wor!s includin, but not limited to, the use of specified
powered mechanical e"uipment ASPM3B, powered mechanical e"uipment APM3B, such as
pneumatic brea!ers, e/cavators and enerators, etc., scaffoldin, erection of temporary wor!s,
loadin and transportation of debris, etc. affects the wor!ers, and the sensitive receivers in the
vicinity of the demolition site. Silent type PM3 shall be used to reduce noise impact as much as
practicable. Demolition activity shall not be performed within the restricted hours.
*.6.* Wa!e'
The dischare of wastewater from demolition sites re"uires an approval by D:3. 3ffluent shall be
treated to the standards as stipulated by D:3 2eulation before dischare.
4s stated in 1.)&.1, the 2eistered Specialist Contractor ADemolitionB shall maintain proper
control of temporary water supply and an effective temporary drainae system.
*.6.# +a,a'&o$" Ma!e'ia%"
Materials such as 7P8 cylinders in domestic flats, to/ic and corrosive chemicals for industrial
underta!ins, and any other ha=ardous materials have to be identified and properly handled and
removed prior to the commencement of the demolition of the buildin.
*.1) De7'i" a& Wa"!e +a&%ig
*.1).1 C2$!e"
Debris waste and other materials shall not be thrown, tipped or shot down from a heiht where
they are liable to cause in0ury to any person on or near the site.
38
3/istin lift shaft, liht well and openins on floor may be used to convey debris down the buildin
floors. 4reas ad0acent to the openins of these features used as a chute shall be barricaded when
they are not in use. 5arnin sins shall be posted to prevent wor!ers
from enterin the area. 4s an option, plastic chutes may be used inside the floor openins and lift
wells to minimi=e noise and confine the fallin debris.
AC Lif! S2af!
7ift shaft may be used to convey debris inside the buildin. The openins to the elevator shall be
ade"uately enclosed to prevent spillin out of debris.
BC Lig2! We%%
4ll the lass windows in the liht well shall be ta!en out or protected before usin the liht well for
conveyance of debris in order to minimi=e any danerous situation.
CC Opeig o F%oo'
:penins on the floor may be used to convey debris. If openins are created on the floor, the
total openins shall be less than %-L of the total areate floor area. 3ach openin shall not be
larer than +&& mm H +&& mm unless otherwise substantiated with structural 0ustifications with
reard to the safety of the remainin structure and minimi=in the possible ris!s arisin from the
impact force induced. :penins shall not cut throuh structural support elements that may affect
the stability of any structural components.
DC E;!e'io' C2$!e"
<o demolition materials shall be allowed to fall freely outside the buildin unless it is confined
within a chute. If e/terior chutes are used, ade"uate clear spaces shall be provided for their
operation. Temporary refuse chutes, assembled from old metal barrels shall not be used. The
chutes shall not cause any obstruction to the public. 4 dust barrier shall be provided if the chute
outlet is near public access. The chute shall be desined and constructed with ade"uate strenth
and support to allow safe conveyance of debris.
*.1).2 De7'i" Rec0c%ig
Better site manaement and practice would not only prevent the mi/in of the inert portion
toether with the non>inert portion of construction and demolition waste, but could also facilitate
and allow on site sortin, and separation at source of construction and demolition waste.
The method of Nselective demolitionG should be adopted as far as practicable. It involves
demolition and removal of wastes of the same cateory one at a time. The oal is to facilitate
recyclin of wastes for beneficial reuse, thus minimi=in the burden on municipal landfills and
public fillin areas. In eneral, domestic wastes such as furniture, household appliances, etc.,
metal components such as window frames, pipes, etc., timber components such as doors,
wooden floors, etc., other wastes such as tiles, asphaltic materials, ceramic products should be
removed first. Most of these materials may be recycled. The buildin demolition shall bein after
all the above non>structural materials have been stripped and removed.
The se"uence of demolition shall be planned to allow the separation and sortin of buildin
materials.
39
Concrete andFor bric! debris shall be bro!en down into smaller si=es and separated from
reinforced steel for disposal.
Concrete debris may be pulverised into areate si=e and used for road base, temporary haul
roads, fill materials or areates for concrete. :ld bric!s may be salvaed for reuse as
architectural features or other uses.
Bro!en concrete may be disposed of at construction and demolition AC@DB materials recyclin
facilities for processin into recycled products and areates for beneficial reuse. In the event
that bro!en concrete is mi/ed with some other wastes, bro!en concrete should be sorted out on
site from the mi/ture of wastes, before disposal at a C@D materials recyclin facilities.
*.1).* D$"! Mii(i,a!io
To prevent dust eneration durin the debris haulin, water sprayin shall be applied durin the
haulin process. #owever, the 2eistered Specialist Contractor ADemolitionB shall ensure proper
control of water supply and floor drainae system in order to avoid floodin which is a nuisance
and may cause overloadin of floors.
*.1).# De7'i" Acc$($%a!io
In eneral, the debris accumulation on the floors is not allowed unless the debris accumulation is
0ustified by enineerin calculations. Debris shall not accumulate aainst the hoardin or e/ternal
wall. 3/cessive accumulation of debris may cause overloadin condition and may induce lateral
loadin on the walls and shall be avoided. The proppin desin shall include the debris loadin.
*.1).3 De7'i" Di"po"a% a& Maage(e! S0"!e(
To avoid accumulation of debris and to ma!e sure that they are disposed off promptly, 2eistered
Professional 3nineer should ensure that a debris disposal and manaement system is prepared
and implemented by the 2eistered Specialist Contractor ADemolitionB.
The debris disposal and manaement system should clearly lay down the followin details*
4B method of handlin demolished buildin debrisC
BB the routin and movement of debris from each floor to on rade holdin area prior to
leavin the siteC
CB means of transportation of debris off siteC
DB time and fre"uency of debris disposal off siteC
3B record scheme on the tonnae of each truc! load, truc! license plate, driverGs name, trip
tic!ets and location of dump siteC and
9B the site supervisory personnel responsible for the debris manaement system.
*.1).4 De7'i" Loa&ig
In the case when loaders and truc!s have to wor! at round floor level, the followin conditions
shall be considered*
40
4B The route of loaders and truc!s shall be chec!ed to avoid conflict with temporary proppin
supportsC
BB The wor!in headroom at round floor shall be chec!ed, any local strenthenin to suit
removal of me==anine floor or first floor beams shall be properly desinedC and
*.1).5 Wa"!e Maage(e!
:n>site sortin of surplus construction and demolition AC@DB material is stronly recommended
so that inert material can be disposed of at public fillin areas as far as practicable, and the
remainin C@D waste disposed of at landfills. Such materials shall be free from marine mud,
household refuse, plastic, metal, industrial and chemical waste, animal and veetable matter and
other matter considered unsuitable by the 9illin Supervisor. Small "uantities of timber mi/ed with
otherwise suitable material may be permitted.
4ll construction and demolition materials arisin from or in connection with demolition wor! shall
be sorted on>site and be separated into different roups for disposal at landfills, public fillin
areas, in fillin areas provided by the 2eistered Specialist Contractor ADemolitionB, or recyclin
as appropriate. 4ll public fills to be disposed of at public fillin areas shall be sorted and bro!en
down as per directive or instruction issued by 7ocal 4uthority.
*.11 I"pec!io a& Mai!eace
AC F'e>$ec0
Site inspection shall be performed by the 2eistered Professional 3nineer or his
e/perienced and competent representative, to ensure that the temporary structures,
catchfan, catch platform and other precautionary safety measures are in ood condition.
4ny movement, damae or distortion to the temporary structures shall be identified and
repaired, if necessary.
The 2eistered Specialist Contractor ADemolitionB shall perform a daily inspection to
remove any debris accumulated on catchfans and catch platforms. The contractorGs
representative shall provide full time continuous site supervision and chec! the condition of
the demolition wor! includin the unstable andFor partially demolished structures and
ensure that they are stable and safe each day before leavin the site.
2eular inspection shall also include preventive and protective measures adopted to
protect the wor!ersG health such as dust suppression measures and personal protective
measures.
In the case when discrepancies from the Method Statement are discovered durin
inspection, the inspector shall report to his senior, if applicable, and !eep the 2eistered
Professional 3nineer informed of the discrepancies. <o further demolition shall be carried
out until rectification wor! has been completed and written instruction to commence site
wor! is issued by the 2eistered Professional 3nineer.
BC U"afe Co&i!io
If any unsafe conditions are present, all demolition activities shall be immediately halted
until the unsafe conditions are rectified. 4ll unsafe condition shall be reported to 2eistered
Professional 3nineer for further instruction.
41
CC Scaffo%&ig
Inspection and maintenance of scaffoldin shall be performed by competent person
reistered with Department of :ccupational Safety and #ealth. The scaffold shall not be
used unless*
iB It has been inspected by a competent person before bein ta!en into use for the first
timeC
iiB It has been inspected by a competent person after any substantial addition, partial
dismantlin or other alterationC
iiiB It has been inspected by a competent person after any e/posure to weather conditions
li!ely to have affected its strenth or stability or to have displaced any partC
ivB It has been inspected by a competent person at reular intervals not e/ceedin )'
days immediately precedin each use of itC and
vB 4 report has been made and sined by the person carryin out the inspection in an
approved form containin the prescribed particulars which include a statement to the
effect that the scaffold is in safe wor!in orderC
*.12 Po"!8De(o%i!io P'eca$!io"
:nce the demolition is completed, the site shall be reinstated to eliminate any potential ha=ard to
the public. The followin precautionary measures shall be considered*
4B The site shall be levelled and cleared of any debris. 4de"uate drainae shall be providedC
BB If the new development is not immediately commenced, the site shall be completely
enclosed to prevent public trespassinC
CB Supports to ad0acent buildin structures, weather>proofin and stabilisation of e/posed
party walls shall be completed. 4 final inspection by the 2eistered Professional 3nineer
on the supports of ad0acent structures shall be conducted to ensure satisfactory and safe
conditions before leavin the site. If temporary shorin remains on site, inspection and
maintenance as described in 1.)) shall be continued until the temporary shorin is removed
or replaced by permanent supportsC
DB 4ny e/cavation shall be braced and stabilisedC and
3B 9or slopin sites, andFor sites with retainin wall supportin round, the followin additional
precautionary measures shall be included*
)B The round surface shall be sealed up to prevent water infiltrationC
%B 4ny unstable structures and round shall be stabilisedC and
1B The demolition plans shall be provided to the subse"uent foundation or site formation
contractor so that any temporary support wor!s constructed durin demolition are
maintained durin the new development phase.
42
#. MET+ODS OF DEMOLITION
#.1 Gee'a%
The choice of demolition method depends on the pro0ect conditions, site constraints, sensitivity of
the neihbourhood and availability of e"uipment.
Top down methods are applicable for most sites, particularly for those situated in busy urban
areas. :ther mechanical methods applied from the outside of the buildin may be suitable for
pro0ects that have sufficient clear spaces. 9or structural pro0ections, such as balconies, canopies
and verandahs e/tendin beyond the buildin lines, demolition by hand held tools or the cut and
lift process may be a safe solution. Methods usin wrec!in ball and e/plosive should be adopted
with e/treme care when well planned ade"uate precautionary measures are provided. The
applications of demolition methods are summarised in Table '.).
The suested procedures described in this Code of Practice are recommended ood practices
for demolition of common structural elements only. 3ach site has its specific features and
conditions. The method, includin detail procedures, shall be desined to accommodate the
specific pro0ect re"uirements. In eneral, demolition should be carried out in the reverse order of
construction, as far as appropriate.
#.2 Top Do/ D Ma$a% Me!2o&
#.2.1 Gee'a%
Top down method discussed below is the method that proceeds from the roof to round in a
eneral trend, there are particular se"uences of demolition which may vary, dependin on site
conditions and structural elements to be demolished.
9or reinforced concrete buildins, 0ac! hammers are commonly used to brea! down the concrete.
:/y>acetylene torch could be used to cut the reinforcements. The structural elements shall be
bro!en down radually or by alternate methods as described in the followin sub>section. The
reinforcements shall remain until all the concrete connectin to or supported by the reinforcement
is bro!en away or when its support is no loner re"uired. Cantilevered canopies, balconies and
e/terior walls are critical elements in buildin demolition. In conested areas, these features
could critically impact on the safety of the public. Demolition of these features shall be performed
with e/treme caution. If rope or tie wires are used to pull down the structural elements, the pullin
wire must be at least ' times stroner than the anticipated pullin force. In addition, wor!ers shall
be shielded from the rope or tie wires. The rope or ties wire shall be chec!ed at least twice per
day.
#.2.2 De(o%i!io Se>$ece
Demolition se"uence shall be determined accordin to actual site conditions, restraints, the
buildin layout, the structural layout and its construction. In eneral, the followin se"uence shall
apply*
4B 4ll cantilevered structures, canopies, verandahs and features attached to the e/ternal walls
shall first be demolished prior to demolition of main buildin and its internal structures on
each floorC
43
BB 5hen demolishin the roof structure, all lift machine rooms and water tan!s at hih level
shall be demolished in Dtop downE se"uence to the main roof level. In demolishin the
e/ternal wall or parapet wall, the procedure as stated in '.%.' shall applyC
CB Demolition of the floor slabs shall bein at mid span and wor! towards the supportin
beamsC
DB 9loor beams shall be demolished in the order as follows*
)B cantilevered beamsC
%B secondary beamsC then
1B main beams.
In the case when structural stability of beams are affected, e.., due to loss of restraints,
the affected beams shall be propped prior to loss of support or restraintC
3B <on>load bearin walls shall be removed prior to demolition of load bearin wallsC
9B Columns and load bearin walls shall be demolished after removal of beams on topC and
8B If site conditions permit, the first floor slab directly above the round floor may be
demolished by machine sittin on round level and mounted with demolition accessories.
#.2.* Ca!i%e-e'e& S!'$c!$'e" a& Ba%coie"
Cantilevered structures, balconies and canopies may pro0ect out of the buildin over the
pedestrian footpath or in some cases over a portion of the traffic lane. Temporary supportin
structures catch platform andFor temporary platform shall be placed directly underneath them as
precautionary measures. Details of the criteria for temporary desin are referred to in 1.-.
Common problems related to cantilevered structures are also discussed in -.1. The eneral
se"uence of dismantlin cantilevered slabs and beams is described in the followin*
44
Ta7%e #.1 S$((a'0 of Gee'a% C2a'ac!e'i"!ic" of De(o%i!io Me!2o&" (Continued)
45
Ta7%e #.1 S$((a'0 of Gee'a% C2a'ac!e'i"!ic" of De(o%i!io Me!2o&" (Concluded)
46
4B The e/terior wall shall be demolished first, and detail is referred to in '.%.', 3/terior 5alls,
Beams and ColumnsC
BB 4ny structure or dead load supported by the cantilevered system shall be removed prior to
demolishin the cantilevered slabs and beamsC
CB The concrete shall be bro!en down radually startin from the e/terior ede of the
cantilevered floor, wor!in inwards and toward its supportin beams. 9iure '.) illustrates the
demolition of cantilevered slabC
DB The cantilevered beam shall be demolished after the demolition of the connectin floor slab.
Demolition of the cantilevered beam shall not advance further than the floor slab so that the
support for the slab is always maintained. 9iure '.% illustrates the demolition of cantilevered
beam with the slabC and
3B Saw cut and lift may be used to dismantle the cantilevered features. The slab shall be cut into
a manaeable si=e and lifted away. The cantilevered beams shall be cut and removed after
the removal of the slab load and any load supported by them. The cut and lift applications are
discussed in '.,.1.
#.2.# E;!e'io' Wa%%"? Bea(" a& Co%$("
AC B'ic. i8fi%% Wa%%
)B To avoid any potential ha=ard of bric!s fallin out of the buildin, all the bric! in>fill shall be
removed by pushin inward, before dismantlin the reinforced concrete framin. 5or!in
platforms outside the buildin shall be used for removal of the bric! in>fill walls. Bric! removal
shall bein from the top layer downwards. The wor!s shall be carried out layer by layer with
each layer not larer than 1&& mmC
%B The reinforced concrete framin can be dismantled by ta!in down the individual beams and
columns separately andFor by ta!in down the frame of a bay between two columns as
described in '.%.' BB, '.%.' CB and '.%.' DB.
47
48
49
BC E;!e'io' Bea(
The e/terior beam may be demolished by radually brea!in away the concrete or by dismantlin
the entire beam section. Demolition of the e/terior beams is illustrated in 9iure '.1 @ '.' and
described in the followin*
)B 5ire and winch or other systems shall be used to secure the cross beam to other structural
membersC
%B The concrete is first bro!en away at both ends near its column supports to e/pose the
reinforcementC
1B 2einforcement shall be cut at one end to allow the beam to partially drop. The wire shall
safely winch the beam down to the buildin floor in a controlled mannerC and
'B The dismantlin would be completed by cuttin the reinforcement at the remainin end, and
the beam will then be lowered completely in a controlled manner.
CC E;!e'io' Co%$(
3/terior column may be demolished by the followin procedures and as illustrated in 9iure '.-.
)B The top of the column shall first be secured to a structural member by wire and winchC
%B Pre>wea!enin shall be performed at the bottom of the column to reduce the pullin force and
to ensure that the brea! occurs at the desired location. The concrete cover of the
reinforcement shall first be removed. 2einforcement at the interior face shall remain.
2einforcement at the e/terior face shall be cut immediately before the pullin of the columnC
and
1B 4fter pre>wea!enin, the column shall be pulled down by the wire and winch towards the
interior in a controlled manner.
50
51
52
53
DB 3/terior 2einforced Concrete 9rame The e/terior reinforced concrete frame may be
demolished in sections. The demolition procedures are enerally described in the followin*
)B 9or manual demolition, the optimum section of the frame to be demolished shall be a bay
between the two ad0acent columns but shall not be wider than 1 mC
%B The frame section shall be secured to other structural members with wire and winch
before disconnectin the framin from the remainin structureC
1B Pre>wea!enin shall be performed at the bottom of the two columns. The pre>wea!enin
of the columns shall follow '.%.'ACBC and
'B The reinforcin bars connectin the beams shall be cut off after pre>wea!enin. The
framin shall be pulled down by e/ertin force throuh winch and pulley system.
3B 2einforced Concrete 5all
)B 7oad Bearin 5all
2einforced concrete walls may be demolished by cuttin down the wall into manaeable
sections. The width of the wall shall not be wider than % m. Demolition of the reinforced
concrete wall sections is illustrated in 9iure '.6 and described in the followin*
aB Before demolition beins, wire and winch systems shall be used to secure the wall
sectionC
bB Pre>wea!enin at the bottom of the wall shall be performed, particularly if the wall
section contains columns. The concrete alon the cut line of the interior face of the
wall section shall be bro!en away by hand held tools. Pre>wea!enin shall follow the
similar details as for columns iven in '.%.' CB. The operation must be careful to
minimise debris from fallin out from the buildinC and
cB 4fter the concrete alon the cut line is removed, the reinforcin bars alon the
vertical cut line shall be separated. 9orce shall be e/erted throuh the wire and winch
systems to pull the wall down into the buildin.
54
55
%B <on>7oad Bearin 5all
9or non>load bearin walls or walls with heavy cross beams, the dismantlin procedures are similar
to that of the load bearin wall e/cept that the cross beams are dismantled separately from the
buildin walls. 9iure '., illustrates the fellin of non>load bearin wall sections separately from the
cross beam.
#.2.3 F%oo' S%a7"
2einforced concrete floor slab shall be demolished by radually brea!in away the concrete. The
reinforcement shall remain and be cut off after the concrete is bro!en away. The se"uences for
demolition of typical floor slabs are discussed in the followin*
4B Two 5ay Slab
The two way slab is supported by beams or structural members on all four sides. Demolition
of the slab shall bein in the middle of the slab and advance towards the sides in all '
directions. 9iure '.( illustrates the demolition of two way slab.
BB :ne 5ay Slab
The brea!in of concrete shall bein at the unsupported end and proceed in strips
perpendicular to the supportin beam or structural member. The strips shall be demolished
from their centre towards the supports in both directions.
CB 9lat Slab
Demolition of flat slab shall bein at the centre of the bay between the supportin columns
and proceed outwards to the columns andFor members that provide lateral support of the
slab. Care must be e/ercised not to prematurely wea!en the shear capacity of the columns or
other supports. In eneral, when demolishin a column strip or part of it, ade"uate supports
shall be provided to the strip in advance.
56
57
58
#.2.4 I!e'io' Bea("
4B Interior beam normally supports floor slabs on both sides. The supportin beam shall not be
removed until all other dead loads imposed on the beam are removed, includin the slabs
supported by the beamC and
BB The dismantlin of interior or secondary beams is illustrated in 9iures '.+ @ '.)&.
#.2.5 I!e'io' Co%$("
Interior column may be dismantled by pre>wea!enin at their base and pullin down by wire and
winch system. The process is similar to the demolition of the e/terior column as previously
described in '.%.'ACB.
#.* Top Do/ D B0 Mac2ie"
#.*.1 Gee'a%
The se"uence of demolition by machine is typically the same as the top down manual method,
e/cept that most of the demolition is done by mechanical plant. The demolition beins with the
liftin of the mechanical plant on to the buildin top floor. 5hen rope or tie wire is used for pullin,
the wor!ers shall be protected or stay away from the area within reach of the rope or tie wire. The
wire strenth shall be at least ' times the anticipated load. The rope or tie wire shall be chec!ed at
least twice per day to ensure that they are in ood wor!in conditions.
4B Supports for Machines
The loadin to be imposed on the floors by the mechanical plant shall be chec!ed. If needed,
proppin shall be installed at floor levels below the wor!in floor to safely support the
operation of the mechanical plant. The movement of the mechanical plant shall only be within
the propped area. The movement of the mechanical plant shall be prohibited in the followin
areas*
)B within % m of the buildin edeC
%B within ) m of any floor openinsC or
1B any cantilevered structures.
Mar!ins such as ribbons, paints or other appropriate means shall be used to identify the
propped area and limits of the mechanical plant movement. The e/tent of the proppin shall
be determined based on the anticipated operation, the allowable loadin on the floor slabs
and the site conditions. Desin criteria for the proppin re"uirements are referred to in 1.-.-.
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60
61
BB 7iftin of Machinery
The mechanical plant shall be lifted onto the roof of the buildin by the use of mobile crane or other
appropriate means as approved by the 2eistered Professional 3nineer. Prior to the liftin
operation, proppin shall be installed on the floors beneath the roof in accordance with the
approved desin. The crane shall be properly tested, e/amined and operated. The operatin area
shall be bloc!ed off durin the liftin operation. 4pproval from the 2oyal Malaysian Police shall be
obtained prior to the operation if temporary road closure is re"uired.
CB Temporary 2amp Construction
The machine shall descend down to the ne/t floor by means of a ramp. The ramp may be a
temporary structure or other appropriate desin. The slope of the ramp shall be no steeper that
).,- to ) or as recommended by the machine manufacturer. Temporary structure shall be desined
and constructed in accordance with 1.-. Proppin re"uirements for the temporary access ramp are
referred to in 1.-.-.
4s an alternative, the machine may also be lowered to the ne/t floor by the use of mobile crane or
other appropriate means as proposed by the 2eistered Professional 3nineer. Similar
precautionary means and procedures shall be followed as in '.1.) BB above.
#.*.2 De(o%i!io Se>$ece
Demolition se"uence shall be determined accordin to the actual site conditions, restraints, oriinal
buildin layout and its construction. In eneral, the followin se"uence shall apply*
4B prior to demolition of internal floors, all cantilevered slabs and beams, canopies, and
verandahs shall first be demolishedC
BB the structural elements, in eneral, shall be demolished in the followin se"uence*
> slabC
> secondary beamsC then
> main beams.
CB mechanical plant shall descend from the floors with temporary access ramp, or be lowered to
the ne/t floor by liftin machinery or by other appropriate meansC
DB when a mechanical plant has 0ust descended from the floor above, the slabs and beams, in
two consecutive floors may be demolished by the mechanical plant simultaneously. The
mechanical plant may wor! on structural elements on the same floor and brea!in up the
slabs on the floor aboveC
3B the wall panel, includin beams and columns shall be demolished by radually brea!in
down the concrete or by pullin them down in a controlled mannerC 9iure '.)) illustrates the
typical se"uence of top down method with mechanical e"uipment.
62
#.*.* Ca!i%e-e'e& Caopie" a& Ba%coie"
Demolition of cantilevered canopies and balconies may critically affect public safety and must be
performed with e/treme caution. Temporary supportin structures, catch platform andFor temporary
platforms shall be placed directly underneath the cantilevered canopies or balconies. Common
problems related to cantilevered structure are discussed in -.1. The process of demolition of the
cantilevered structures is described in the followin*
4B The e/terior wall lin!in the cantilevered structure or balcony shall be removed first. This is
further discussed in '.1.'* 3/terior 5alls, Beams and ColumnsC
BB The floor slab and cantilevered beam may be demolished in sections. Demolition of
cantilevered slab is illustrated in 9iure '.)%C
CB The machine arm with wire passin throuh the slab section shall be used to stabilise the
structure while the cuttin is performedC
DB Cuttins may be performed by 0ac! hammer or pneumatic hammer for the concrete and o/y>
acetylene flame cutter for the reinforcements. The concrete shall be bro!en away first before
the cuttin of reinforcement. 4lternatively the reinforced concrete slab may be cut by saw
cuttinC and
3B The slab shall be lifted into the buildin by a derric! arm.
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64
65
66
67
#.*.# E;!e'io' Wa%%"? Bea(" a& Co%$("
Demolition of e/terior wall shall be proceeded with e/treme caution. The e/terior wall may be
demolished in sections by mechanical plant. The width of wall section shall be determined by the
2S3. The mechanical plant shall have ade"uate wor!in capacity to safely handle the weiht of the
wall sections. 4 short span of the slab, about 1&& mm, attached to the e/ternal beam at the top of
the wall, may be left in order to !eep the loadin resultant of the e/terior wall further into the
buildin.
4B Bric! in>fill wall
Demolition of the bric!>in>fill wall is enerally described in the followin*
)B The in>fill bric!s shall first be manually removed. The bric! shall be removed from the
top layer down by pushin in from outside. 5or! platforms erected outside the buildin
may be used for this operationC and
%B 4fter the in>fill bric!s are removed, the reinforced concrete frame may be demolished
by dismantlin the framin sections as described in '.1.' CB.
BB 3/terior Column
)B The e/cavator arm with wire or hydraulic crusher attachment shall be used to brace the
columnC
%B Pre>wea!enin shall be performed at the bottom of the columns, similar to the process
described in '.%.' CBC
1B 4fter pre>wea!enin, the column shall be pulled down in a controlled motion into the
buildin by the e/cavator armC then
'B Demolition inside the buildin by the e/cavator arm.
CB 3/terior 2einforced Concrete 9rame
Dismantlin of the e/terior reinforced concrete frame is illustrated in 9iure '.)1 and is
described in the followin*
)B The concrete alon the proposed cut>line shall be bro!en first. The reinforcin bars
shall be !ept to stabilise the structure. The e/cavator arm shall secure the reinforced
concrete framinC
%B Pre>wea!enin may be performed at the bottom of the columns as described in 9iure
'.-. The e/cavator arm shall continue to stabilise the frame while cuttin the reinforcin
steel at the disconnectin pointsC and
1B The e/cavator arm shall pull and uide the frame safely onto the floor.
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DB 2einforced Concrete 5all
The process of demolishin a reinforced concrete wall section is similar to that of a reinforced
concrete frame. Demolition of a reinforced concrete wall section is illustrated in 9iure '.)'
and is described in the followin*
)B The reinforced concrete wall shall be vertically separated from the remainin wall by
brea!in away the concrete. The width of the wall section shall be determined by the
2eistered Professional 3nineer. The reinforcin bars shall remain to provide support
to the wall sectionC
%B If the wall section contains columns, pre>wea!enin shall be performed at the level
where the wall is to be separated. Pre>wea!enin of column is referred to in '.%.' CBC
1B The machine arm shall be used to secure the wall section durin the cuttin of the
reinforcements alon both sides of the wall sectionC and
'B 4fter the reinforcin bars are severed, the machine arm shall steadily uide and pull
down the wall section into the buildin for further brea! down.
#.*.3 F%oo' S%a7"
9loor slabs may be dismantled by brea!in down the concrete radually with machine mounted
attachments. 2einforcin bars shall be cut afterwards. The se"uence for demolishin one way slab,
two way slab and flat slab shall be the same as described in '.%.-. The slab may be demolished by
machine with brea!er, hydraulic crusher or other appropriate attachments.
#.*.4 I!e'io' Bea("
Interior Beam may be demolished by brea!in the concrete away radually and disconnectin the
reinforcement afterwards.
#.*.5 I!e'io' Co%$("
2einforced concrete column may be demolished by usin the same procedures as described for
the e/terior column in '.1.' BB.
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70
ContractorGs P3
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72
73
#.# Mec2aica% Me!2o& 70 +0&'a$%ic C'$"2e' /i!2 Log Boo( A'(
#.#.1 Gee'a%
The crusher attachment brea!s the concrete and the reinforcement by the hydraulic thrust throuh
the lon boom arm system. The hydraulic crusher can be operated from the round outside the
buildin. This method is also suitable for danerous buildins, silos and other industrial facilities.
9iure '.)- illustrates the typical operation of hydraulic crusher with lon boom arm. 9or
environmental reason, it should be used wherever practicable because of its "uietness.
#.#.2 App%ica!io C'i!e'ia
4B The operation shall have a minimum clear space of )F% the buildin heiht as a safety =one
for the fallin debrisC
BB The e"uipment shall be inspected and maintained periodically to ma!e sure the e"uipment is
in ood and safe condition. The e/cavator shall operate on firm round that can support the
machine durin the crusher operationC
CB 3/cept for special applications, each section of the structure shall be demolished in a top
down se"uence to ensure stability of the structureC
DB Debris may be used to build up a platform for the e/cavator to e/tend the rane of reach. It is
important that the debris is densely compacted to support the operation of the e/cavator. The
platform must be flat and the slope must be stable. The heiht of the build up platform shall
be limited to 1 m. The side slope of the temporary platform shall not be steeper than )*)
Ahori=ontal to verticalB unless the condition allows a steeper slope. The slope of access ramp
for the machine shall be in accordance with the manufacturerGs recommendation. The width
in both directions of the platform shall be at least one and one>half the lenth of the machine
to allow safe manoeuvre durin the demolition operationC
3B To minimi=e the dust impact, the structure shall be pre>soa!ed with water before demolition.
5ater shall be continuously sprayed durin the crushin operationC
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75
9B Debris may fall out of the buildin durin the demolition. The site shall be completely fenced
off. There shall be %'>hour uarded security to allow only authori=ed personnel for site
access. Durin the operation of the crusher there shall be no wor!er within the machine
operatin area or inside the buildinC and
8B The crusher operator shall possess the essential s!ills and sinificant e/perience in the
crusher operation. There shall be a spot person to assist in the operation and alert the
operator of any potential problem durin the operation.

#.3 W'ec.ig Ba%%
#.3.1 Gee'a%
The wrec!in ball application consists of a crane e"uipped with a steel ball. The destruction of the
buildin is by the impact enery of the steel ball suspended from the crawler crane. The wrec!in
ball operates outside the buildin. This method is suitable for dilapidated buildins, silos and other
industrial facilities. #owever, the operation re"uires substantial clear space. The application also
demands hih level s!ill operators and well>maintained e"uipment. 9iure '.)6 illustrates the
operation of 5rec!in Ball.
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77
#.3.2 App%ica!io C'i!e'ia
The recommended criteria for the use of wrec!in ball are presented in the followin*
4B 3/cept for special application, the ballin of each section of the structure shall proceed from
top to bottom. Care shall be ta!en to maintain the stability of the structureC
BB 2ecommended techni"ues for the wrec!in ball operations include*
)B ;ertical Drop > free fallin of the wrec!in ball onto the structureC
%B Swin in line > swinin of the ball in>line with the 0ib. 4 second draline will normally
connect to the ball hori=ontally to control the ball motion. The ball shall be swun into
the buildin. The ball shall stri!e at the top of the member so as to avoid the member
from fallin outside the buildin.
Slewin the 0ib is not recommended. The motion of the ball by slewin the 0ib is difficult to
control. It demands e/pert !nowlede of the machine and structure as well as operatin s!ills
to safely perform the tas!. Slewin can potentially induce a tremendous amount of stress on
the 0ib, as suchC its use shall be avoidedC
CB The 0ib or boom shall be operated with no less than 1 m above the portion of the structure
bein demolishedC
DB Clear space for operation between the crane and the structure bein demolished shall be
-& L of the heiht of structure, the clear distance between the site boundary and the buildin
to be demolished shall not be less than -& L of the buildin heiht plus an additional 6 m for
the crane to manoeuvre, this criteria shall apply to all sides of the buildin to be demolished
by wrec!in ballC
3B The demolition ball shall be connected with swivel type anti>spin device to prevent twistin
and tanlin of the wire durin operationC
9B The wire and boom of the machine used for ballin shall have a rated capacity, at the wor!in
radius, of at least - times the weiht of the ballC
8B The strenth of the wire shall be at least twice the tensile strenth of the nominal steel
reinforcement of the floor slab and beams. The hih strenth wire allows the pullout of the
wrec!in ball from potential trapsC
#B To ensure that the crane is in ood condition, the wire connectin to the ball, the boom
components and connectin pins shall be inspected twice dailyC
IB 4 sufficient lenth of the wire shall be provided to allow the ball to drop to the lowest wor!in
level plus an addition of )& L of the wire lenth and no less than 1 drums. 9or swin in>line
method, there shall be sufficient lenth of the draline wire to allow the ball to fall in the event
that the ball is entanled with the fallin debrisC
?B The operation shall not be performed ad0acent to overhead power linesC
78
$B The site shall be entirely fenced off to forbid public access. 4 %'>hour security uard shall be
assined to the site to enforce the access restrictionC dependin on the relative location
between the fence and the buildin, and fence shall be desined to withstand accidental
impact by the wrec!in ballC
7B Durin the use of the demolition ball, e/cept for the crane operator and the spot person, all
other wor!ers shall be !ept away from the demolition ballGs wor!in radius. <o body shall stay
inside the buildinC
MB To minimise the dust impact on the surroundin area, the structure to be demolished shall be
pre>soa!ed with water before demolition. 5ater sprayin shall continue on the structure
durin demolitionC
<B Since the safety and success of the pro0ect depend hihly on the operator and site personnel,
the operator must have proven e/perience and s!ill for operatin the wrec!in ball to the
satisfaction of the approval authorityC and
:B 4 spot person shall be on site durin the operation to assist the operator and to ensure site
safety. The spot person shall have e/tensive !nowlede and e/perience in the use of
wrec!in ball. The "ualification and e/perience of the spot person shall be e"uivalent to
those of the wrec!in ball operator.
#.4 I(p%o"io
#.4.1 P'e87%a"! Co"i&e'a!io"
If it is intended to blast a buildin structure, the 2eistered Specialist Contractor ADemolitionB shall
carry out a comprehensive 2is! 4ssessment 2eport and an 3nvironmental 4ssessment 2eport on
the effect of implosion on the affected neihbourhood. 5ith positive results on both the ris!
assessment and environmental impact assessment and areed by the relevant authority, the
2eistered Specialist Contractor ADemolitionB may bein studyin the structure of the buildin and
develop a blastin desin. The desin may include pre>wea!enin of the structure, the stratey in
placement of the e/plosives and time delay so that the buildin will collapse in a safe manner. Pre>
wea!enin of the structure may include cuttin out a portion of the shear walls and other structural
elements. 4 test blast may be conducted to verify the strenth of the structural member and to fine
tune the e/plosive desin. Protection of the ad0acent properties and habitats is also an important
consideration.
#.4.2 Gee'a% Coce'"
8eneral concerns and ood practices in controlled demolition by blastin are discussed in the
followin*
4B Pre>wea!enin of the structure shall be desined to ensure the structural stability before the
implosionC
BB To minimise the dispersion of buildin debris into ad0oinin land after blastin, a trench or
bund wall shall be installed outside the buildin to contain the debris, unless a basement
e/istsC
CB 4 ood desin will cause the structure to fall towards the centre of the buildin andFor within
the protected areaC
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DB 4 ood desin will provide ade"uate and sufficient time delay to allow only one or two floors
of the buildin debris to fall on round level at a time in order to limit the manitude of the
impact on the roundC
3B The desin must also identify an e/clusion =one to evacuate all residents or inhabitants
durin the blastin. The impacts of noise and dust enerated durin the blastin shall be
considered. 2adius of the typical e/clusion =one shall not be less than %.- times the buildin
heihtC
9B If there are slopes and earth retainin walls or features, a eotechnical assessment shall be
conducted to ensure that the blastin will not affect the stability of these featuresC
8B The entire site shall be under %'>hour security from the installation of e/plosive until final
blastin. The implosion e/pert shall have proven e/perience and trac! records in desin and
supervision of blastin similar buildin structures. The blastin e/pert shall have ac"uired the
relevant trainin and practical e/perience in usin the proposed e/plosives. The blastin
e/pert shall obtain permission from the Police before carryin out blastin. 4ll personnel must
be evacuated from the site before and durin blastinC
#B The 2eistered Specialist Contractor ADemolitionB must co>ordinate with the overnment and
local community to determine the best procedures in notification, schedules for the events,
traffic routin, desin for the se"uence of events, evacuatin residents, clear out personnel
from the buildin and assinin responsibilities durin blastin. 9or the purpose of crowd
control, blastin should be carried out in the early mornin of a Sunday or public holidayC
IB 4n emerency plan shall be prepared to handle emerency situations such as premature
e/plosion, misfire or interruption due to bad weather includin thunder and lihtninC
?B 4fter the e/plosion, the blastin e/pert must chec! to ma!e sure that there is no unfired
e/plosive left on site. The entire area must remain clear and under security control until the
unfired e/plosives have been detonated or safely dealt with by the blastin e/pertC
$B 4s far as practicable, non>electrical initiation systems should be used to avoid the ris! of pre>
mature detonation by stray currents, e/ternal electro>manetic waves or radio fre"uencies.
The installation shall include a redundant system to ensure successful detonation.
<itrolycerine based e/plosives are not permitted to be used.
7B The 2eistered Specialist Contractor ADemolitionB must provide evidence of his capability to
safely perform the demolition and shall illustrate to the approvin authorities that the
procedures are safeC
MB The mode of collapse shall be demonstrated to ascertain that*
)B no part of the buildin will fall beyond the protected areaC
%B the impact of the structural collapse will not cause sinificant vibration affectin
aB any underround tunnelsC
bB any underround utilitiesC and
cB any ad0oinin properties.
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<B The structural safety of the buildin to be imploded shall be chec!ed and certified to be sound
and safe at all staes prior to implosion.
#.5 O!2e' Me!2o&"
#.5.1 No E;p%o"i-e De(o%i!io Age!
<on 3/plosive Demolition 4ent A<3D4B is a static demolition aent. 5hen the reaction ta!es place
in a confined drill hole, the <3D4 enerates an e/pansive pressure to crac! and brea! concrete
and stone.
The <3D4 is a suitable application in a restrictive environment where noise, flyin debris and
vibration are less tolerated. 4 drillin pattern shall first be desined. 9or lare pro0ects, test brea!in
shall be performed. The <3D4 shall be mi/ed with water to form slurry and immediately placed into
the pre>drilled holes. The loadin intensity and water content shall be controlled to optimise the
e/pansive pressure and prevent blow>out of the <3D4. The brea!in effect of <3D4 is relatively
small comparin to e/plosives. Secondary efforts are re"uired to further brea! down and remove
the debris by mechanical means.
<3D4 may be used on foundation wor!s, pile caps or structures that are fully supported.
5hen used in roc!, <3D4 should be contained within stron, fle/ible, impermeable bas to prevent
uncontrolled entry into roc! 0oints.
#.5.2 Sa/ C$!!ig
Saw cuttin is suitable for alteration and additional wor!s where accuracy in the cuttin is important
and the tolerance to noise and vibration is very limited. It can be used to cut concrete slabs and wall
elements into sements. 4n entire buildin may be dismantled by saw cuttin. Saw cuttin
enerally includes conventional disc saw and chain saw, diamond core stitch drillin and wire saw.
4B 5ire Saw Cuttin
5ire saw cuttin comprises a special steel wire often imprenated with diamond beads to
increase its cuttin ability. The wire saw method is a suitable application for pro0ects that
re"uire precision and total control of demolition wor!. 4 hole shall first be pre>drilled for the
passae of the diamond wire, the wire cuttin operation follows. Because of its fle/ibility, it
may be used for Dhard to reachE areas. 4 diamond wire saw may also be applied in cuttin off
pilin of marine structures and brides. Its fle/ibility and rane of application are depicted in
9iure '.),.
BB Diamond Core Stitch Drillin
Diamond core stitch drillin may be adopted to cut concrete elements by continuously corin
a set of holes to carve up the concrete structure. The thic!ness of the concrete to be cut
depends on the depth of the drillin or corin e"uipment. Diamond core stitch drillin is
particularly suitable in the removal of e/istin pile cap for construction of lare diameter bored
pile foundation.
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CB Manaement of Process 5ater
The sawin and drillin operations re"uire lare amounts of water to cool down the blade
which cuts throuh the concrete at hih speed. Provision shall be made to provide a water
source for the operation and for the disposal of the coolin water.
#.5.* C$!!ig a& Lif!ig
Cuttin and liftin involve the initial cuttin of the structure into individual pieces or sements, and
then liftin the pieces or assembly by crane onto the round for further demolition or haulin away.
Slabs can be cut into sements and then lifted off for further cuttin into smaller pieces before
disposal. Precast concrete structures can be cut into pieces and then lifted off as a reversal of the
construction se"uence when the precast elements are fabricated from pieces into an assembly of
structure. Cuttin and liftin may be applied to safely remove pro0ections such as canopies,
architectural features, balconies and bay windows. The typical procedures for cuttin and liftin are
summarised in the followin*
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83
4B Prior to cuttin, the structural stability of the remainin structure shall be chec!edC
BB The structural element to be removed shall be secured, either by temporary supports or by tie
wires connected to liftin appliances. The liftin appliances must have ade"uate capacity to
support the weiht of the structural section. The wire strenth shall not be less than ' times
the anticipated loadsC
CB The liftin appliance, cuttin by disc saw, chain saw and diamond wire saw shall comply with
the 9actories and Industrial .nderta!ins :rdinanceC and
DB 4fter cuttin, the structural element shall be lowered to the desinated area in a controlled
manner. 9ree fallin shall be avoided.
#.5.# Mec2aica% De(o%i!io
AC Gee'a%
Mechanical demolition enerally involves the use of lare machinery with attachment to
dismantle the buildin from outside. The common mechanical methods include the use of a
pusher arm, wire rope and clam shell. The operations of these applications are illustrated in
9iure '.)(. These methods shall only be applied to isolated buildins on relatively flat
round. The concerns and ood practices of the mechanical demolition enerally included
the followin*
)B The machine shall be operated on smooth and firm round. It shall also have ade"uate
counter>weiht to prevent overturnin durin the operationC
%B The e"uipment and accessories such as attachments and rope shall be inspected
fre"uently and shall be repaired or replaced whenever necessaryC
1B The impact of the collapsed structural sections on the floor or round shall be chec!ed
to prevent the potential overloadin of the suspended floor, vibration and disturbance to
ad0acent properties and damae to underround utilitiesC
'B The site shall have full time security to prevent unauthori=ed personnel enterin the
site. <o person shall stay within the wor!in area of the machine and the buildin while
the machine is operatinC
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-B Sufficient water spray or other anti>dust precautions shall be provided to minimise air
pollution by dustC
6B The cab of the machine shall be e"uipped with impact proofed lass and its
construction shall be robust enouh to protect the operator from flyin debrisC and
,B 4 spot person shall be on site full time to provide uidance and assistance to the
operator in the demolition process. In addition to the above, specific criteria for each
mechanical method are discussed in the followin sections*
BB Mechanical Method by Pusher 4rm Mechanical pusher arm involves the use of machines
e"uipped with a pusher arm attachment for applyin hori=ontal thrust to demolish the
structural element. Special conditions for pusher arm demolition are listed below*
)B The pusher arm shall be constructed of steel or e"uivalent material and shall have
ade"uate strenth to operate on the buildinC a crane boom shall not be usedC
%B Minimum safety distance of &.- times the heiht of the buildin element bein
demolished shall be maintained between the machine and the buildin for pushin into
the buildinC
1B Minimum safety distance of ).- times the heiht of the buildin element bein
demolished shall be maintained if structural elements are pullin out of the buildinC
'B The point of application of pushin shall not be less than %F1 of the heiht and not more
than 6&& mm below the top of the wallC and
-B The pusher arm method shall be limited to buildins less than )- m hih.
CB Mechanical Method by Deliberate Collapse Mechanical demolition by deliberate collapse
enerally consists of systematic removal, or wea!enin of the !ey structural elements to
induce the collapse of the structure. Special conditions for deliberate collapse are as follows*
)B Minimum safety distance of ).- times the heiht of buildin element bein demolished
shall be maintained throuhout the operationC
%B The procedures shall be carefully desined and e/ecuted in the removal of !ey
structural elements so that there will be no pre>mature collapse and the structure will
collapse onto the anticipated areaC and
1B 4pplication of the deliberate collapse method shall be limited to buildins less than
)- m hih.
DB Mechanical Method by 5ire 2ope Pullin
Mechanical demolition by wire rope pullin enerally involves the use of an earth mover
machine or mechanical winch device e"uipped with heavy steel wire for pullin down
structural members. Special conditions for wire rope pullin are listed in the followin*
)B 4 safety distance of ).- times the heiht of element to be demolished shall be
maintained between the machine and the buildin durin the pullinC
%B The machine shall always travel parallel to the line of pull durin the pullin operationC
86
1B In the case when pullin is done by a pulley, such a pulley device shall be securely
anchoredC
'B The wire rope or chain shall be composed of steel with tensile strenth not less than '
times the theoretical force re"uired to perform the pullinC
-B The wire rope used for the operation shall be inspected for wear and damae at least
twice daily and replaced as necessaryC
6B 4ny sharp ede that is to be wound by the rope shall be protected to minimise the
possibility of cuttin or wearin of the rope durin pullinC
,B The bottom of the wall may be pre>wea!ened with care and protection to ensure
controlled collapseC
(B The wire rope pullin shall be limited to buildins less than )- m hihC and
+B 4ll wor!ers shall stay away from the area within reach of the rope or wire in case it
brea!s.
3B Mechanical Method by clam shell
Demolition by clam shell typically involves the use of a crane e"uipped with a clam shell
attachment which proressively bites away the structure. Special conditions for clam shell are
listed in the followin*
)B 4 minimum safety distance of &.- times the heiht of the buildin element bein
demolished shall be maintained between the machine and the buildin durin the
operationC
%B The process of bitin off the structural elements shall bein from the top and proress
downwardsC and
1B The clam shell shall be operated not less than ) m above the structure bein
demolished.
#.5.3 T2e'(a% Lace
Cuttin of reinforced concrete by thermal lance involves very hih temperature up to %,&&&MC >
',&&&MC. The e/tremely hih heat re"uires special precautionary measures and care. The use of a
thermal lance in cuttin reinforced concrete shall not be used unless*
4B the pro0ect demonstrated that there is no other viable alternativeC
BB ade"uate protective measures are provided to isolate the operation and to prevent any
potential fire spreadin outC and
CB ade"uate protective measures are provided to prevent the in0ury of the wor!ers, and any third
party by flame and the molten concrete.
87
#.5.4 Wa!e' Ee!
5ater 0ettin involves the use of a water 0et stream pumped at hih pressure to erode the cement
matri/ and wash out the areates. 4brasive compounds may be added for cuttin reinforcin
steel. The application of the water 0ettin shall be sub0ect to the followin criteria*
4B City water supply shall be used in water 0et cuttin. Provision shall be included to dispose the
water used in the operation, and to recycle the water for continuous operation throuh local
filtration and sedimentationC
BB The area behind the structural member to be cut shall be shielded to avoid damae to
persons and properties durin the cuttinC and
CB In the case when abrasive water 0ets are used, further precautionary measures shall be
provided in accordance with manufacturer recommendations to confine the rebound of the
abrasive compounds. 4ll site personnel shall wear ade"uate safety cover and clothin.
88
3. SPECIAL STRUCTURES
3.1 P'eca"! Coc'e!e S!'$c!$'e"
3.1.1 Gee'a%
Precast concrete structures are constructed of precast concrete elements 0oined toether. The
continuity of the structure depends on the treatment of 0oints. The 0oint details shall be studied. In
case of doubt, open up inspection at critical positions may be re"uired.
3.1.2 Si(p%e P'eca"! Co"!'$c!io
The 0oints in this type of structure do not normally provide continuity. The stability of this type of
structure relies on other elements such as stairs, lift shafts, shear walls or other framed structures.
4B Dismantlin
3ach precast element shall be removed in the reverse order of construction and bro!en on
the round or an ade"uately supported floor. 3lements providin lateral stability shall not be
demolished prior to the removal of the precast elements or prior to the installation of the
temporary bracin. Temporary supports shall be ade"uately braced or tied to laterally stable
elements.
BB 3/istin 7iftin Points
The re>use of the e/istin liftin points or accessories to lift the precast elements shall not be
allowed unless the record erection plans showin the function of the e/istin liftin points are
chec!ed and verified to be ade"uate for current use.
CB 7ateral Support Durin 7iftin
Special consideration shall be iven to lon span precast elements with narrow compression
flanes durin liftin. Spreader beams shall be used to reduce the spacin of the liftin
points. The use of spreader beam is illustrated in 9iure -.).
89
90
3.1.* Co!i$o$" P'eca"! Co"!'$c!io
In this type of structure, the precast elements have continuity at their 0oints and the lateral stability is
provided by the precast elements themselves. The continuous precast elements may be in the form
of shear walls or moment resistin frames. It is possible that a combination of the simple
construction and continuous construction e/ist in a sinle structure.
4B Dismantlin
The demolition of this type of structure may be performed in a way similar to that of a cast>in>
place concrete construction provided that the continuous 0oints are cut in such a way that the
lateral stability is maintained. If the precast elements are intended to be removed in a piece
by piece manner in their reverse order of construction, the continuous 0oint shall be cut by
appropriate pre>approved method such as saw cuttin. The precast elements shall then be
lifted off their support and lowered to the round or to an ade"uately supported floor for
demolition. Temporary bracin durin liftin as described in -.).%ACB may be re"uired.
3.2 P'e"!'e""e& Coc'e!e S!'$c!$'e"
3.2.1 Gee'a%
The prestressed concrete structures are constructed of either precast or cast>in>place concrete in
which prestressin is introduced to the concrete by tensionin the steel reinforcement, or tendon, to
counteract a desired deree of stress resultin from a iven e/ternal loadin. The types of
prestressin and uidelines for identification are discussed in
4ppendi/ C.
3.2.2 C%a""ifica!io of P'e"!'e""e& Coc'e!e S!'$c!$'e"
Based on the construction techni"ue, the prestressed concrete construction can be classified into
three ma0or classes. Dependin on the method of stress transfer, i.e., pre>tensionin or post>
tensionin, and whether it is routed, each class of construction can be further subdivided into
separate cateories as follows*
4B Class I* Precast Prestressed Construction*
Cateory P) Precast pre>tensioned
Cateory P% Precast pre>tensionedFpost>tensioned
Cateory P1 Precast post>tensioned
BB Class II* Cast>in>Place Prestressed Construction
Cateory C) Post>tensioned before application of dead and live load and havin
all tendon ducts fully routed.
Cateory C% 4s Cateory C) but havin the tendon ducts unrouted.
Cateory C1 Post>tensioned is in staes as theload carried by the member is
increased in staes as the construction proress. The tendon
91
ducts are fully routed in the final condition. Transfer beam
supportin multi>level frames is an e/ample of this cateory.
Cateory C' 4s Cateory C1 but havin the tendon ducts unrouted.
CB Class III* :thers
)B Semental Post>Tensioned Construction
The semental post>tensioned structures involve the construction of the main structural
elements in sements. Their final interity is achieved throuh post>tensionin of tendons which
pass throuh and tie the sements toether.
%B Circumferential Prestressed Tan!s
The tan!s are prestressed by tendons bonded in routed ducts or by unbonded tendons.
3.2.* P'eca$!ioa'0 Si!e Mea"$'e"
4B Detensionin
Due to the hih enery stored in the prestressed members, the demolition of such members
must be proceeded within a planned se"uence and well controlled manner. Durin
detensionin of the tendons, a protective screen made of sand bas or similar material such
as a bac!ed plywood screen shall be placed at the anchor ends. The protection screen is
illustrated in 9iure -.%.
BB Shorin and Site Safety
The prestressed concrete floor system shall be properly shored prior to detensionin to
prevent the collapse of the system. The release of enery durin the demolition of
prestressed concrete could be e/tremely ha=ardous. 4ll wor!ers on site must be informed of
the presence of prestressin in the structure and the ha=ardous result on deviatin from the
prescribed procedures. 4 pre>determined safety plan shall be in place.
CB 8rout
9or a structure with bonded construction, the conditions of the rout shall be chec!ed. If the
tendons are not fully routed, additional rout shall be applied to fully fill the unrouted voids.
4fter routin, the prestressed structure may be demolished similar to that of a bonded
construction.
3.2.# De(o%i!io P'oce&$'e"
The followin procedures for each class and cateory of prestressed concrete shall only be used as
a uideline. Detailed procedures shall be independently developed for each structure by an
enineer e/perienced in prestressed construction based on the desin, layout of the tendons,
se"uence of the stressin and construction.
4B Class I* Precast Prestressed Structures
)B Cateory P)* Precast Pre>Tensioned Structures
Precast pre>tensioned structures are typically sinle span elements and must
enerally be demolished in the reverse order of construction.
92
The precast pre>tensioned elements can be lifted off and turned on their sides, after
the connections at the supports are removed. The liftin points shall be located near
the ends of the units and shall be ade"uately desined to ensure safe liftin of the
precast elements with these elements turned on to their side. The above process will
enerally fracture the structure and causin a sudden release of enery. 4fter the
enery is released, the elements can then be cut or pulverised into pieces before
they are hauled away.
If turnin the elements on their sides does not release the enery, a sand ba or other
suitable screen shall be provided around the ends. The prestressed enery can be
released by appropriate means such as the one described in -.%.'ABBA%BAcB.
93
94
%B Cateory P%* Precast Pre>TensionedFPost>Tensioned Structures
Sometimes two or more pieces of precast prestressed elements are continuously
connected toether at the supports by post>tensionin. This post>tensionin shall be
detensioned accordin to the recommendations for demolition of post>tensioned
structures in Class II construction as described in the -.%.'ABB. 4fter the post>tension
enery is released the remainin precast prestressed elements may be demolished in
accordance with the procedures for Cateory P) elements.
1B Cateory P1* Precast Post>Tensioned Structures
These precast elements shall be lifted off from their support and placed on their side if
the prestressed tendons are of routed construction. If the conduits are not fully
routed, the elements shall be placed level on the round and the post>tensionin
forces shall be released in accordance with the procedures for Cateory C% elements
as described in -.%.' BB %B.
4de"uate protection must be provided at the ends of the elements in case the tendons
shoot out at the ends. In eneral, cuttin of unbonded tendons at mid>span will dampen
the shoot off effect.
BB Class II* Cast>in>Place Prestressed Structures
)B Cateory C)* Post>Tensioned 8routed
These elements shall be demolished as precast elements. 9or a sinle span slab, the
slab may be saw cut into sements and lifted off similarly to precast elements. 9or
continuous spans, the prestress over the support shall be released prior to cuttin the
slab into sements. It must be noted that prestressin may be provided in two
directions and the detailed procedures shall ta!e this into account. 9or beam and slab,
caution shall be e/ercised to avoid upward failure of the beam when the slab is
removed. 5hen detensionin of tendons is involved, all slab and beam spans shall be
temporarily supported to prevent unintentional collapse of the structure.
%B Cateory C%* Post>Tensioned .nrouted
The demolition of these elements shall enerally proceed as follows*
aB Shore up all slab and beam spans for which detensionin of tendons is re"uiredC
bB 2emove all superimposed dead loadC
cB The prestressin forces can be released by cuttin away the concrete in front of
the anchorae until the anchorae has been loosened. 4lternatively, the forces
may be released by saw cuttin at appropriate locations alon the tendons.
Durin the detensionin, the ends of the tendons shall be protected from
shootin offC then
dB The structure can be demolished as normal reinforced concreteC
1B Cateory C1* Post>Tensioned in Staes and 9ully 8routed
95
Care shall be e/ercised to avoid premature failure of the elements when the dead load
superimposed on the elements is reduced as demolition proresses. The load which is
carried by the element must be supported by temporary structures e/tended above the
element. 4fter the temporary supports are constructed, the elements may then be demolished
by the followin steps*
aB 7ocate and mar! the centrelines of the columns supportin the memberC
bB 7ocate the profile of the tendons and mar! it on both faces of the memberC
cB 3/pose the e/terior tendons on each face of the member midway between the
centrelines of all intermediate columns supportin the memberC
dB Cut the e/posed tendons at each location startin from the centre of the member on
alternatin faces and proceed to the ends of the memberC then
eB 2epeat steps cB and dB until all the tendons have been completely severed.
Demolition usin the above procedures shall be e/ercised with caution to prevent the
tendons from pullin toether the columns at the ends of the elements due to the elastic
shortenin at the e/posed tendons.
'B Cateory C'* Post>Tensioned in Staes but .nrouted
Care shall be e/ercised to avoid premature failure of the elements when the dead load
superimposed on the elements is reduced as demolition proresses. Temporary structures
shall be provided to shore up the elements as needed. The prestressed force shall be
detensioned se"uentially in reverse order of stressin in accordance with the amount of dead
load removed. The se"uence of the detensionin shall preferably be in the reverse order of
the tensionin when the element was constructed. 5hen all supportin dead load and
tendons are removed, the element can be demolished in the same manner as for normal
reinforced concrete. 4lternatively, demolition may proceed in the same manner as for
Cateory C1.
CB Class III* :thers
)B The demolition of semental construction shall proceed in the reverse order of the
semental erection. Temporary supports shall be provided as re"uired before the post>
tensionin forces are released. 5here the semental units are pre>tensioned,
demolition shall proceed as for precast pre>tensionedFpost>tensioned construction.
5here the units are not pre>tensioned, demolition shall proceed in the same manner as
for post>tensioned constructionC
%B Durin detensionin of the prestressed cables or tendons in a circumferential
prestressed tan!, appropriate protective measures, such as ade"uately desined
protective chain nets, screens or friction bra!es shall be provided to avoid uncontrolled
unwindin of tendonsC and
1B The demolition of semental construction, or circumferential prestressed tan!s is
relatively comple/ and it must be demolished under the uidance of a professional
enineer e/perienced in this type of construction.
96
3.* S!a!ica%%0 De!e'(ia!e S!'$c!$'e"
3.*.1 Gee'a%
4B Statically determinate structures normally lac! continuity, which has the followin
characteristics*
)B 7are deflectionC and
%B #ih stress concentration at critical position.
The disadvantae is that if any part of the structural system fails, it can cause a disastrous
collapse of the structure.
BB Special attention is re"uired where dealin with demolition or partial demolition of the
followin structures*
)B statically determinate structuresC and
%B redundancy structures that may become statically determinate structures durin
demolition or after substantial alteration.
CB Common statically determinate structures include the followin*
)B cantilevered structuresC and
%B hined or pin>0ointed trusses.
3.*.2 Ca!i%e-e'e& S!'$c!$'e"
4B In eneral, cantilevered structures shall be demolished prior to the demolition of the main
structure of the buildin for each floor and before the removal of their supports, anchoraes
or holdin down loadsC
BB In the case when -.1.%A4B cannot be satisfied, cantilevered structures shall be properly
shored until they are completely demolishedC and
CB Common problems of cantilevered structures are described in 9iure -.1C
3.*.* +ige& o' Pi8Eoi!e& T'$""e"
4B .nder normal circumstances, hined or pin>0ointed structures are braced structures.
Temporary supports shall be provided if bracins are removedC
BB #ined or pin>0ointed trusses shall preferably be removed by liftin and lowerin to round
level prior to demolitionC and
CB In the case when the truss has to be dismantled on the spot, the se"uence of every partially
dismantled confiuration shall be chec!ed.
97
3.# Co(po"i!e S!'$c!$'e" a& S!ee% S!'$c!$'e"
3.#.1 Gee'a%
Steel structures and reinforced concrete composite structures are, in most cases, desined as
Dsimple desinE or Dsemi>riid desinE accordin to earlier structural steel desin codes. .nder such
desin assumptions, the detailin of the beam column 0oints is, in most cases, not riid 0oints and
the structure may become statically determinate durin demolition or substantial alteration. Details
of demolition of statically determinate structures are referred to in -.1.
3.#.2 De(o%i!io Me!2o&
Similar to conventional buildins, composite structures may be demolished by top down method,
cut and lift or other methods that are ade"uate for the site condition.
3.#.* S2o'ig of S%e&e' Me(7e'
Structural steel members in steel structures and reinforced concrete composite structures are
enerally desined as slender members sub0ect to bendin andFor compression. 3/cept for
concrete encased steel members the 2eistered Professional 3nineer shall chec! the load
resistin capacity of the slender structural members when lateral restraints are removed durin
demolition. Proper shorin shall be installed if re"uired.
98
99
3.3 C%a&&ig Wa%%"
3.3.1 De(o%i!io Me!2o&
Demolition of claddin walls shall be proceeded with e/treme caution since claddin walls are
mostly e/ternal features. 3ach claddin wall shall be demolished individually in the reverse order of
its construction. Saw cut and lift is suitable for dismantlin claddin walls.
3.3.2 G$i&e%ie"
4B Support
The claddin wall shall be fully supported before disconnection from its supportin structural
member. Crane or other liftin appliances may be used to support the total weiht of the
claddin. The liftin appliances and wire must have sufficient strenth to support the weiht of
the claddin wall.
BB Disconnectin from Buildin
The connections or 0oints to the buildin structure shall be disconnected only after the
claddin wall is fully supported.
CB #andlin
:nce the claddin wall is separated from the buildin frame, it may be lifted away and
lowered onto the round or ade"uately supported floor for further processin. Dependin on
the type of claddin, it may be reused as buildin materials or further bro!en down and
transported away as construction debris.
3.4 +agig S!'$c!$'e"
3.4.1 Gee'a%
The hanin structure is primarily composed of a structural system in which the floor loadin is
suspended by tension members hun from other elements at the upper portion of the structure.
.nli!e conventional structures, hanin structures shall be demolished from
their bottom level and proressively upward to the support.
3.4.2 De(o%i!io Me!2o&
Selection of methods shall depend on the actual site conditions and the construction materials.
Cuttin and liftin, in eneral, are suitable for dismantlin the structural components of the hanin
structure. Temporary supports may be needed to maintain the stability of the hanin structural
elements durin the demolition process.
3.4.* G$i&e%ie"
The followin items shall be considered in demolishin hanin structures*
4B The se"uence of demolition shall be planned such that the hanin loads are radually
reduced, without overstressin at any particular structural element or tiesC
100
BB #anin ties shall be destressed before cuttinC
CB Main ravity structures supportin the hanin ties and other elements that provide lateral
stability of the hanin structure shall not be demolished prior to complete release of all
hanin tiesC and
DB The main ravity structure shall be chec!ed so that it is stable at all staes of demolition,
bracin may be re"uired if deemed necessary.
3.5 Oi% S!o'age Faci%i!ie"
3.5.1 Gee'a%
:il storae facilities enerally consist of structures that contain petroleum products which may be
classified as ha=ardous materials or danerous oods. The !ey issues for demolishin the oil
storae facilities are the clean>up and disposal of the ha=ardous materials and danerous oods.
:nce the contamination assessment and initial clean>up are completed, the method of demolition
may be selected based on the structural and site conditions. 4dditional clean up may be re"uired if
the contamination has e/tended to the ad0acent area andFor the subsurface soil.
3.5.2 De(o%i!io Me!2o&
The selection of methods and actual demolition of oil storae structures shall be carried out in
accordance with the structural aspects. Storae buildins may be demolished by top down method
or other methods for buildin demolition. Circular steel tan!s may be dismantled by the use of
hydraulic shear or other appropriate methods. 2einforced concrete tan!s may be dismantled by any
method that is suitable for reinforced concrete construction. If flammable fuel is li!ely to be present,
use of flame cuttin shall be avoided. Methods of demolition are referred to in Section '.
3.5.* G$i&e%ie"
The followin items shall be considered in demolishin oil storae facilities*
4B Chemical 5aste Clean .p
Prior to demolition, all oil storae facilities shall be thorouhly cleaned. 4ny accumulated as
shall be removed.
BB Soil Contamination 4ssessment
In the case when soil contamination is discovered, the contaminated soil shall be removed in
its entirety and replaced with clean fills. The placement of the fill shall be under the
supervision of the 2eistered Professional 3nineerGs representative. The disposal of
contaminated soil shall be carried out in strict accordance with the D:3 re"uirements. In>situ
treatment of the contaminant may be applied sub0ect to the approval of the D:3.
CB #andlin of Contaminated Soil
Precautions must be ta!en durin e/cavation and removal of the storae tan!. The
e/cavation and disposal of contaminated soil shall be handled with care and be in
compliance with the D:3 re"uirements. Special care shall be ta!en to confine the
contamination. Protection of the surroundin properties to provide a safe support for any
101
below round wor!s shall be considered. Temporary shorin for the e/cavation shall be
desined in accordance with 1.-.
3.1 Ma'ie S!'$c!$'e"
3.1.1 Gee'a%
Marine structures include ocean structures and all !inds of water front structures. Besides the basic
considerations for normal land operation, marine demolition shall also attend to the debris handlin
and the dismantlin of the marine piles.
3.1.2 De(o%i!io Me!2o&
The methods used for demolishin marine structures are similar to those for buildins founded on
land. Top down methods may be applied to demolish the superstructure. <on>e/plosive demolition
aent may be used to demolish the piers. 9or sensitive water, saw cut and lift can be used to
demolish the platform and the piers to minimise debris fallin into water.
3.1.* G$i&e%ie"
4B Soundins
Soundins shall be performed before the demolition so that the seabed condition is defined
and any unanticipated underwater structure can be reviewed. The pre>demolition soundin
record shall be used as a basis for the scope of restoration.
BB Pier Structure
If mechanical plants andFor truc!s will travel on the platform supported by piers, the structure
of the platform slab shall be chec!ed to ensure that it can support the machine operation and
the anticipated debris loadin.
CB Protection of Marine 3nvironment
The effect of the demolition on the marine environment shall be considered. If the demolition
site is scheduled to be reclaimed, concrete debris may be left on the seabed. :therwise, all
the debris dropped on the seabed durin demolition must be removed. The seabed shall be
restored to the comparable depth of the pre>demolition stae. 4 silt screen or underwater
fence shall encompass the site to contain debris and turbulence enerated by the demolition.
It may also prevent marine life from enterin the site area durin demolition. The silt screen
shall be ta!en out after the area is completely restored.
DB Pilin
4s far as practicable, pilin shall be pulled out entirely, or, as a minimum, it shall be cut off at
1m below the seabed or a desirable depth below the oriinal seabed level, dependin on the
future use of the area.
102
3.6 U&e'g'o$& S!'$c!$'e"
3.6.1 Gee'a%
9rom the operational and economic standpoints, demolition of underround structure shall be
incorporated into the new foundation construction. Such arranement may eliminate the
redundancy of the temporary wor!s for soil retention and dewaterin systems.
3.6.2 De(o%i!io Me!2o&
5ith appropriate shorin and protection, underround structures above the basement floor may be
demolished by top down methods or other methods that are suitable for the specific site conditions.
The use of non>e/plosive demolition aents may minimise vibration impact on the ad0acent
foundation. Diamond core stitch drillin is suitable for cuttin localised underround obstructions
such as an old pile cap without completely demolishin the whole pile cap.
3.6.* G$i&e%ie"
4B :verall Stability
Durin the course of demolition, the stability of the buildin under demolition and any
remainin parts of it shall be maintained at all times.
In hih water table areas, assessment shall be made to ensure that the remainin structure
will have ade"uate factor of safety aainst uplift upon demolition at all staes. If necessary,
the uplift pressure actin on the basement structure shall be relieved before demolishin the
structure.
BB Shorin
4 eotechnical evaluation shall be conducted to determine the soil stabilisation and retainin
schemes for protection of the ad0acent properties as well as the operation of the below
round demolition. The shorin plan shall be ta!en into account of the construction method to
the oriinal underround structure. If the floors or part of the buildin structure acts as
proppin to the basement wall, this proppin system shall be maintained or a shorin system
shall be provided to safely support the basement wall when demolishin the buildin
structure.
CB Dewaterin
If a dewaterin system is re"uired, the effect of the dewaterin on ad0acent buildins,
structures, land, street and services must be considered in the desin. It is also important that
the disposal of the round water shall not affect the "uality of the surroundin water resource
andFor cause localised floodin.
DB 3/istin 9oundation
The e/istin piles shall be evaluated and, if possible, incorporated into the new foundation
system. The bearin capacity of the old foundation can be determined by reviewin the
previous desin and by performin actual load tests andFor test borins.
3B Site Security and Safety
103
The site shall be secured to prevent any unauthori=ed person from entry, particularly into the
basement area. If wor! is to be performed in deep e/cavated area, an escape route must be
provided.
3.1) S!'$c!$'e" S$ppo'!ig G'o$& o' Si!!ig o S%ope"
3.1).1 Gee'a%
Demolition of buildins or structures supportin land or slopesC or buildins or structures sittin on
slopes or retainin walls may affect the stability of ad0acent buildins, structures and land and may
even create reional slope instability due to removal of toe weiht. Maintainin ade"uate round
support by bac!fillin or structural support durin demolition wor! is important. The demolition plan
should be properly enineered by a competent and e/perienced eotechnical enineer.
3.1).2 De(o%i!io Me!2o&
Top down method is suitable for demolition of hillside slope structures. :ther methods may be
applicable dependin on the actual site conditions.
3.1).* G$i&e%ie"
4B ButtressFShorin for Buildin Supportin 8round
If part of the buildin structure serves as a retainin wall system, the heiht of the buildin
that is re"uired to be left in order to safely support the retainin structure shall be determined.
4de"uate shorin andFor buttress shall be provided prior to the demolition of the remainin
structure. 4 demolition plan shall be provided to the foundation contractor so that the shorin
wor! installed durin demolition are considered and protected durin the foundation wor!.
BB 2etainin 5all System
Prior to demolition of the retainin wall, the slope or land supported by the retainin wall
system must first be stabilised. Stabilisation may be achieved by e/cavation of the soil behind
the retainin wall to a free standin stable slope or by installin temporary or permanent
support such as sheet pilin, soldier pile, soil nails or other appropriate methods. The scheme
for stabilisation of the slope or land behind the retainin wall shall be properly enineered.
CB :n>rade 9loor Slab
.nless site conditions allow and with the support of an enineerin report, the on>rade floor
slabs shall remain to protect aainst erosion. The floor slabs can also serve as impermeable
cover aainst infiltration.
DB Surchare on Slope and 2etainin 5all
<o storae of debris or surchare shall be imposed on the area behind or on the top of the
retainin wall andFor slope. Surchare on the top of the retainin wall andFor slope may affect
its stability.
104
3B Drainae
The water table may affect the stability of the slope. Drainae from surface runoff, off site
drainae and infiltration shall be considered and manaed throuhout the pro0ect. 3/istin
subsoil slope drainae system should also be maintained.
105
4. SITE SUPER:ISION AND INSPECTION
4.1 Gee'a%
Demolition consists of operational processes in dismantlin structures in a se"uential order that is
documented in a method statement. Demolition wor!s can be carried out safely when the se"uence
of demolition wor!s is followed and each demolition process is properly e/ecuted. To achieve this
end, proper supervision of the demolition wor! and ade"uate trainin of on site personnel are
essential.
4.2 Re"i&e! S$pe'-i"io fo' De(o%i!io of Co(p%e; S!'$c!$'e"
9or sites involvin the demolition of comple/ structures, such as flat slab, prestressed concrete,
transfer plate, haner, lon span beam Areater than )&mB, steel framed construction, cantilevered
structure with span reater than ).%m and is over street, buildins which also act as earth>retainin
structures supportin ad0acent round etc., a site enineer should be appointed by the 2eistered
Specialist Contractor ADemolitionB to oversee the entire process of such demolition wor!s.
106
Ae; A
De(o%i!io c2ec.%i"!
1. Befo'e De(o%i!io
1.1 Si!e Loca!io
Identify site location, neihbourin conditions, ad0oinin buildins, slopes, and retainin
walls.
Identify special site restrictions such as the desinated scheduled areas, specific
restrictions on the time of operation, limitation on the noise and vibration etc.
Identify impact on special buildins ad0acent to the site which may be affected by the
demolition pro0ect such as hospitals and other occupancies that are sensitive to noise,
vibration and dust or other nuisance produced by the demolition.
1.2 P'oBec! Si!e a& B$i%&ig S!'$c!$'e" !o 7e De(o%i"2e&
Identify the buildinFstructures to be demolished.
;erify dimensions of site, buildin set bac!s, available wor!in spaces etc.
Identify hoardinFcovered wal!way re"uirements.
;erify the dimensions of buildins, such as overall buildin heiht, headroom of floors, and
buildin footprint.
;erify the buildin construction, types of material used in construction of the buildin,
construction method, illeal construction, special structural features that need special
treatment durin demolition such as cantilevered structures, precast structures and
prestressed structures etc.
;erify the e/istin fi/tures* any features which may affect the demolition proress and need
to be removed prior to demolition of the structure, such as water tan!s, air conditionin
units and other mechanical services.
;erify the buildin use* the type of occupancy, the history of buildin use and any illeal
use.
1.* U!i%i!ie" Loca!io
;erification of all below round and overhead utilities.
Termination and disconnection of any services to the buildin to be demolished in
accordance with the re"uirements of the utility companies.
4rranement of temporary utilities for the pro0ect use, such as water supplies for dust
suppression, etc.
1.# De(o%i!io Sc2e&$%e
107
Identify factors that may affect the demolition schedules such as any operational
restrictions imposed by reulations and anticipated seasonal weather conditions.
Develop a realistic schedule which will reflect the time re"uired for installation of
precautionary measures, testin and removal of ha=ardous materials, if any, processin of
approval and consent, demolition process, clean up and site restoration.
1.3 Te"!ig a& Re(o-a% of +a,a'&o$" Ma!e'ia%"
4rrane investiation for asbestos containin materials.
If asbestos abatement wor! is re"uired, reistered specialist contractor AdemolitionB shall
enae a licensed contractor reistered under D:3 to dispose off safely.
1.4 Safe!0 Mea"$'e"
The re"uirements of covered wal!way and catch platform for pedestrian protection.
The re"uirement of catchfan, if necessary.
The re"uirement of double layer scaffoldin, screens and wor!in platforms for retainin
dust and flyin debris if the method used and site conditions warrant.

The safety procedures for machine operation. 4de"uate round or floor support for the
machineC and the installation of temporary proppins.

Temporary supports and bracin for any wea!ened structures.

Protection of vehicular and pedestrian traffic ad0acent to site.

Supports for ad0acent retainin wall andFor slopes.
1.5 De7'i" +a&%ig
Sortin and removal of non>structural materials such as timber, doors and windows etc. and
disposal to recyclin facilities or landfill.
4de"uate number and si=e of chutes dependin on the rate of debris eneration, and the
disposal route.
Plannin of traffic route for debris handlin, includin provision of lorry car par!s.
1.1 P'epa'a!io of De(o%i!io P%a F&e!ai%" 'efe' !o Appe&i; BC
1.6 S!a7i%i!0 Repo'! /i!2 Ca%c$%a!io"
Stability of buildin to be demolished.
In the case of powered mechanical plants or e"uipments are used, stability of the buildin.
Shorin to support powered mechanical plants.
3ffect on neihbourhood buildin, ad0oinin properties, and party walls caused by the
demolition.
108
Structural or eotechnical calculation to support ad0oinin properties.
1.1) Co"e! App%ica!io
Submit Supervision PlanC
Submit names and details of Technically Competent PersonsC
Submit details of operators of powered mechanical plant or e"uipment proposed to be
usedC
Submit details of the debris disposal and manaement systemC and
Submit details of site enineer, if re"uired to be appointed.
2. D$'ig De(o%i!io
4ll on site precautionary measures and temporary supports for ad0acent properties are
installed accordin to the desin in the method statement.
2emoval of ha=ardous materials, if any, is completed before the demolition. Chemical
wastes such as oily slude from oil tan! cleanin, asbestos waste, unwanted to/ic
chemicals are manaed.
4ll site personnel are fully informed about the specifics of the pro0ects and the necessary
precautionary measures to be ta!en to ensure safety.

3stablish emerency access.

3stablish clear and operational line of communication to the supervisor.

The demolition to be proressed in conformance with the method statement approved by
2eistered Professional 3nineer.
2emoval of debris to avoid accumulation, considerin the traffic condition and availability of
truc!s.
Control the dust emission in compliance with D:3 2eulation.
4de"uate supervision by full time supervisor on site, periodic visit by representatives of the
2eistered Professional 3nineer.

Protection of ad0oinin party wall durin the demolition.

3nsure all wor!ers follow safety procedures and the machines and e"uipment are well
maintained.

Provide security for the site as appropriate.

Schedule reular inspection and maintenance of scaffoldin, and special inspection before
and after typhoon or after fire accident.
*. Af!e' De(o%i!io

109
The site shall be clear of debris and levelled.

The boundaries shall be secured aainst unlawful entry.

3/cavations, if any, shall be protected.
9or slopin site andFor site with retainin wall the followin items shall be included.
8round surface shall be sealed to prevent water infiltration.
Surface drainae shall be provided.
Demolition plan shall be provided to the foundation contractor so that temporary supports
constructed durin demolition can be maintained.
110
Ae; B
DEMOLITION PLAN C+EC<LIST
4ll the information and data collected durin the pre>demolition survey shall be used as input for
choosin the method for the demolition pro0ect. 4lthouh the demolition method shall be efficient
and cost effective, however, in developin the Demolition Plan, the author shall always have public
safety and site safety in mind. 3ach pro0ect has its uni"ue features and conditions. Demolition Plan
shall be customised to meet the conditions of the individual pro0ect. :ne of the purposes of the
Demolition Plan is to provide instructions and uidelines for the on site personnel to follow so that
the wor!s can be performed safely and effectively. Therefore, when developin the Demolition Plan,
it has to bear in mind that the Demolition Plan shall be straiht forward, easy to follow and
understood by personnel at various levels of education. Typically, the Demolition Plan shall include,
but not be limited to, the followin information*
1. Loca!io P%a
4 scaled plan showin the followin information*
The plan shall be in 41 si=e paper.
7ocation of the pro0ect buildin with respect to lot boundary, ad0acent footpath and traffic
way.
7ocation and relative heihts of e/istin utilities, ad0oinin buildins and properties and their
use.
The plan shall be fully dimensioned with elevations shown.
2. E;i"!ig B$i%&ig Ifo'(a!io
The Plan showin the pro0ect buildin and site conditions shall include the followin*
4n assessment on the conditions of the buildin, site and ad0acent properties includin their
historical and e/istin use and traffic conditions of the abuttin roads.
4ny features that need protection and may induce ha=ard durin the demolition proram
such as environmental or historical features, ad0acent slope protective features, special
features such as flyover and footbrides and e/istin utilities such as overhead cables etc.

Proposed arranement for the removalFdisposal of ha=ardous materials andFor chemical
wastes if they are present.
*. T2e La0o$! of !2e B$i%&ig? ic%$&ig Sec!io"? a& E;i"!ig S!'$c!$'a% Ifo'(a!io
4 structural plan shall include the followin*

The overall heiht of the buildin, the ceilin heiht of the floors, dimensions and depth of
the basements, if any.
Structural plans and sections, details and layouts of the structural supports and the
construction materials, if available.
Structural evaluation of the ad0acent buildins and shared features such as party wall,
staircases and common supportin structures.
111
Information on any special structures that re"uire special attention, such as cantilevered
structures, prestressed concrete, precast concrete, steel composite structures, claddin
walls, stressed s!in structures, hanin structures etc.
#. De(o%i!io P'oce&$'e a& Se>$ece of Ope'a!io
The Plan showin the proposed method used to demolish the structure shall include the
followin*
Descriptions of the e"uipment to be used.
Specific uidelines on the limitations of the machineGs operation such as travel area,
specific distance from the buildin line and any area with inade"uate support or limited
headroom.

The se"uence and proposed procedures for the demolition.
Detail instructions for demolishin special features and critical areas that may impact on the
eneral safety of the public and on site personnel.
Specific precautionary steps for identifyin these features.
3. P'eca$!ioa'0 Mea"$'e"
Specification and construction details for precautionary measures which are essential to the pro0ect
safety. The type of precautionary features shall be selected to best meet the re"uirements of the
demolition method and the site conditions. The followin features shall be included wherever it is
necessary*
Covered wal!ways, catch platforms and hoardins.
Scaffoldin and catchfans.
Temporary supportin systems to support machines wor!in on the buildin floors.
Temporary supports for cantilevered structures and for bracin wea!ened structural
elements.
Detailed desin for temporary support and protection of any structure that may be affected
by the demolition, such as party walls, or any attached structures, whether they are leal or
not.
Inspection and maintenance fre"uency for the precautionary measures.
Support for ad0acent retainin walls or slopes that may be affected by the demolition.
4. De7'i" +a&%ig
4 proposed plan for conveyance of debris, on site sortin and manaement, estimated
amount of debris re"uired for off site transportation.
5. Specia% Safe!0 Co"i&e'a!io"
Means of emerency escape, and access route.
112
Means to reduce the dust, noise and vibration impacts.
Storae and handlin of any flammable material that may be used in the demolition
process.
Proper pac!ain, labellin and storae of asbestosFchemical waste enerated in the
demolition process.
1. T'affic
If the pro0ect involves any temporary closure of traffic, a Traffic manaement plan shall be
submitted to the 7ocal 4uthority.
6. Po"!8De(o%i!io A''age(e!
Permanent treatment to party walls and stabilisation of ad0acent structures.
Site security.
Stabilisation of e/cavation, if any.
9or slopin sites or sites with retainin walls, additional arranements for sealin off round
surface, provide ade"uate drainae and stabilisation of the slopes andFor retainin
structures.
113
APPENDI= C
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE AND GUIDELINES FOR IDENTIFICATION
1. T0pe" of P'e"!'e""ig
4B Pre>tensionin
Pre>tensionin is a prestressin process in which the tendons or cables are tensioned prior
to the castin of concrete. The prestressin is then transferred to the hardened concrete by
bondin. This type of process is commonly used in construction of precast elements
includin structural and non>structural, such as precast concrete claddin. <ormally, the
tendons are placed in one direction of the element alon its lonitudinal a/is.
BB Post>tensionin
Post>tensionin is a prestressin process in which the tendons or cables, encased in
sheathin or ducts, are placed without tensionin prior to castin of concrete. 5hen the
concrete attains an acceptable specified strenth, the tendons will be tensioned by 0ac!in
at the ends of the member throuh the anchors. 4fter the tensionin is done, the sheathin
will be either routed with cementitious rout or left unrouted. In the former case, the
construction is !nown as bonded construction. In the latter case, it is the unbonded
construction. In the case of the unbonded construction, the sheathin is normally filled with
rease. The prestressin tendons may be placed in two directions in particular for slab
construction.
2. G$i&e%ie" fo' I&e!ifica!io of P'e"!'e""ig S!'$c!$'e"
2.1 Reco'& D'a/ig
Prior to the demolition of a buildin, a full investiation must ta!e place to determine if any
prestressed construction e/ists in the structure. This can be obtained throuh review of the
record drawins of the buildins or throuh site observation if the record drawins are not
available. If record drawins are available, information should be obtained on the structural
desin, on the method and se"uence of the tensionin, and on whether the tendons are
bonded or unbonded.
2.2 C2a'ac!e'i"!ic" of P'e"!'e""e& Coc'e!e
If record drawins are not available, the followin provides some minimum uidelines for
identifyin the potential e/istence of prestressed construction.
4B 2eview the e/istin floor system and the type of construction. It could be an indication of
possible use of post>tensionin construction for a one>way or two>way slab with a span
e/ceedin ( metres, for a 0oist system e/ceedin )) metres and for a beam system
e/ceedin )- metres.
BB In addition to the above uidelines, the span depth ratio shown in Table C>) could be used as
a supplement for 0udement.
CB 7are span beams supportin multi>storey columns above them may be an indication of
bein post>tensioned.
114
DB If lon span precast concrete construction is found, it is normally "uite easily identified, as
0ointin between precast units "uite often are visible with even soffit level. The units may be
prestressed.
3B Chec! the edes of the slab, alon the perimeter of the buildin, alon the inside face of
stairwells, elevator shafts, duct shafts, etc. for sins of post>tensioned anchorae or any
sins of burned off tendon ends.
9B Chec! the ends of beams for any patches of reular shapes which could indicate the
e/istence of prestressed tendons.
8B Durin the course of demolition, if any concrete elements e/hibit an unusually hih deree of
resilience upon impactin with demolition tools, this could be an indication that the member is
prestressed. 5hen prestressin is suspected without any record drawins, further
investiation shall be performed to identify the layout and construction of the system. 4
discovery of one post>tensioned floor in a structure does not necessarily prove that all floors
are post>tensioned and vice versa.
Ta7%e C81 No'(a% Spa Dep!2 Ra!io of Reifo'ce& Coc'e!e F%oo' S0"!e(?
E;cee&ig /2ic2 Co$%& 7e a I&ica!io of !2e E;i"!ece of a
P'e"!'e""e& S0"!e(
F%oo' S0"!e(
No'(a% Spa Dep!2 Ra!io
Sig%e Spa Co!io$" Spa
:ne way slab %- to 1& 1& to 1-
Two way slab 1& to 1- 1- to '&
9loor 0oists %& to %- %- to %(
Beams )( to %& %& to %-
115
Ae; D
E=AMPLE OF DEMOLITION PLAN AND STABILITY REPORT FOR
TOP DOWN MANUAL MET+OD
1. DEMOLITION PLAN
1.1 T2e &e(o%i!io p%a "2a%% co"i"! of !2e fo%%o/ig p%a"
).).) 9i 9.) Site Plan and 4d0oinin Site Conditions.
).).% 9i 9.% Typical 9loor Plan and 3/istin Buildin Information.
).).1 9i 9.1 3levation 4.
).).' 9i 9.' Demolition procedure and se"uence.
).).- 9i 9.- Precautionary Measures.
).).6 9i 9.6 Typical Support at Cantilever.
).)., 9i 9., Typical detail for Party 5all Strenthenin.
1.2 I !2e ca"e of "%opig g'o$&? !2e fo%%o/ig a&&i!ioa% p%a" a'e 'e>$i'e& G
).%.) Plan showin ad0oinin slopes, buildins, structures, utilities that may be affected by the
demolition.
).%.% Sections Showin the slopes etc.
).%.1 Supports to slopes, buildins etc. at each stae of demolition.
2. STABILITY REPORT
2.1 T2e S!a7i%i!0 Repo'! of !2i" p'oBec! "2a%% co"i"! of !2e fo%%o/ig G
%.).) 4 Stability report to 0ustify the safety of the e/istin buildin durin all phases of demolition.
%.).% 4 structural chec! with calculation on the support of the cantilevered slab between ridlines
4 and B.
%.).1 4 structural chec! with calculation on the hoardin, covered wal!way and catch platform.
%.).' 4 structural chec! with calculation on the strenthenin of the Party 5all.
2.2 I !2e ca"e of a "%opig "i!e? !2e S!a7i%i!0 Repo'! "2a%% ic%$&e !2e fo%%o/ig G8
%.%.) Stability chec! of the ad0oinin slopes, buildins, structures and utility which may be
affected by the demolition, with supportin calculations.
%.%.% :ptional Structural and 8eotechnical chec!s on any remedial measures to strenthen the
slope.
116
4PP3<DII D
117
4PP3<DII D
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
Ae; E
E=AMPLE OF DEMOLITION PLAN AND STABILITY REPORT FOR TOP DOWN MET+OD BY
MAC+INES
1.) De(o%i!io P%a
1.1 T2e &e(o%i!io p%a "2a%% co"i"! of !2e fo%%o/ig p%a"G
).).) 9i 8.) Site Plan and 4d0oinin Site Conditions.
).).% 9i 8.% Typical 9loor Plan and 3/istin Buildin Information.
).).1 9i 8.1 3levation 4
).).' 9i 8.' Demolition procedure and se"uence
).).- 9i 8.- Precautionary Measures
).).6 9i 8.6 Typical Support AThis drawin is not shown, it is similar to 9i 9.6 in
4ppendi/ DB
2.) S!a7i%i!0 Repo'!
2.1 T2e "!a7i%i!0 'epo'! of !2i" p'oBec! "2a%% co"i"! of !2e fo%%o/igG
%.).) 4 stability report to 0ustify the safety of the e/istin buildin durin all phases of demolition.
%.).% 4 structural chec! with calculation on the support of cantilevered slab and beams between
ridlines - and 6.
%.).1 4 structural chec! with calculation on the support to typical floors caterin for the loadin
due to powered mechanical plants.
%.).' 4 structural chec! with calculation on the temporary ramp desin to allow the descendin of
the machines.
%.).- 4 stability report with calculation to 0ustify the safety of liftin of the machine to the roof.
%.).6 4 structural chec! with calculation on its hoardin, covered wal!way, and catch platform.
131
APPENDI= E
132
APPENDI= E
GENERAL NOTES:
1. The building ! be de"!li#hed i# N!. 7$ %% #&ee. 'e(iled in)!&"(i!n !) hi# i# building
#h!*n !n +ig. G.2 (nd G.3.
2. Gene&(l in)!&"(i!n !) N!. 7$ %% #&ee (&e (# )!ll!*# :
2.1 The #ie i# !u#ide (ll #,heduled (&e(# de)ined in he -uilding# O&din(n,e.
2.2The #ie i# !u#ide he #,!.e !) S,hedule 2 !) he En/i&!n"en(l 0".(, A##e##"en
O&din(n,e.
2.3 Sie (&e( : 21" 1 16"
2.4 -!und(&2 ,!ndii!n#:
N!&h : A 2 " *ide #e&/i,e l(ne #e.(&(ed he .&!3e, building )&!" he (d3(,en
building
E(# : Ad3!ining (d3(,en building *ih inde.enden e1e&n(l *(ll
S!uh : The building (bu# %% #&ee$
4e# : Ad3!ining (d3(,en building *ih inde.enden e1e&n(l *(ll
2.5 T!.!g&(.h2 : +l($ n! #l!.e !& &e(ining *(ll in he /i,ini2 !) he #ie$
2.6 T&())i, ,!ndii!n# : 5!de&(e ! he(/2 &())i, !n %% #&ee$
2.7 N! (ni6ue#$ hi#!&i,(l "!nu"en !& #.e,i(l )e(u&e &e6ui&ed .&!e,i!n.
3. Ad3(,en uiliie# :
3.1 The&e (&e n! (b!/e g&!und uiliie# !& #&ee )u&niu&e (d3(,en ! he #ie$
3.2 7nde&g&!und uiliie# in,luding ele.h!ne ,(ble$ *(e& (nd #e*e& #e&/i,e# h( &un
(l!ng %% #&ee$
3.3 The ,l!#e# uili2 i# he ele.h!ne ,(ble h( i# l!,(ed (l!ng %% #&ee$ (..&!1i"(el2
4.5 " )&!" he building.
4. Ad3(,en building# :
4.1 Gene&(l (nd #&u,u&(l in)!&"(i!n :
The (d3(,en building# (&e (b!u 30 2e(&# !ld (nd ,!n#i# !) ,!n/eni!n(l
&ein)!&,ed ,!n,&ee )&("ing !n .ile )!und(i!n$
4.2 S&u,u&(l ,!ndii!n# :
N! #igni)i,(n dee&i!&(i!n !& d("(ge ! he #&u,u&(l ele"en !& #igni)i,(n
)!und(i!n #ele"en *e&e !b#e&/ed. The#e (d3(,en building# (..e(& ! be
.&!.e&l2 "(in(ined (nd *!uld n! be (d/e&#el2 ())e,ed b2 he de"!lii!n !)
he .&!3e, building$
4.3 8(&2 *(ll (nd ,!""!n )e(u&e# :
The (d3(,en building# h(/e (n inde.enden e1e&n(l *(ll. The&e (&e .h2#i,(l #e.(&(i!n#
be*een he .&e"i#e# (nd he (d3(,en building#. The&e i# n! ,!""!n .(&2 *(ll !& #h(&e
#&u,u&e be*een he building#.
5. The Auh!&i9ed 8e&#!n #h(ll #ub"i he )!ll!*ing d!,u"en# ! he -uilding#
'e.(&"en .&i!& ! !& ( he i"e !) ,!n#en (..li,(i!n::
;i< ( #ie #()e2 #u.e&/i#i!n .l(n$
;ii< he n("e# !) Te,hni,(ll2 =!".een 8e&#!n# (nd hei& .(&i,ul(&#$
;iii< he de(il# !) !.e&(!&# !) .!*e&ed "e,h(ni,(l .l(n !& e6ui."en .&!.!#ed !
be u#ed$
;i/< he de(il# !) he deb&i# di#.!#(l (nd "(n(ge"en #2#e"$ (nd
;/< The de(il# !) #ie enginee&.
+0G7RE G.0 S0TE 8LAN AN' A'>O0N0NG S0TE =ON'0T0ONS
: 7$ %% STREET ;S?EET 2 O+ 2<
APPENDI= E
133
APPENDI= E
134
E%0ST0NG -70L'0NG:
1. 1. Gene&(l in)!&"(i!n (nd di"en#i!n#
Age : O/e& 30 2e(&# ;buil in 1960@#<
7#e : 0ndu#&i(l
-uilding ,!/e& (&e( : 21" 1 16"
-uilding heigh : 44"$ 11 #!&e2A# high
+l!!& heigh : G&!und )l!!& i# 5.5 "B 1 # )l!!& (nd u. (&e 3.5 "$
T2.i,(l )l!!& .l(n i# #h!*n !n +ig. G.2. Ele/(i!n !) he -uilding i# #h!*n !n +ig.
G.3.
2. S&u,u&(l ,!ndii!n#
2.1 S&u,u&e :
The building i# &ein)!&,ed ,!n,&ee ,!n#&u,i!n *ih ,!n/eni!n(l #l(b$ be("$
,!lu"n
(nd &igid )&("e de#ign. 0 i# #u..!&ed !n .ile )!und(i!n.
2.2 =!ndii!n# :
The in#.e,i!n &e/ie*ed h( he building i# *ell "(in(ined (nd Ce. in
g!!d
=!ndii!n#. Ohe& h(n "in!& ,&(,C# (..e(&ing !n he )ini#hing$ n! #e&i!u#
dee&i!&(i!n !& d("(ge ! he #&u,u&(l ele"en *(# !b#e&/ed.
3. S.e,i(l #&u,u&(l )e(u&e#
The building h(# ,(nile/e&ed b(l,!nie# .&!3e,ing !/e& he e1i#ing )!! .(h
!n %%
#&ee. The&e i# n! !he& #.e,i(l #&u,u&(l ele"en in he building.
4. ?(9(&d!u# "(e&i(l# :
4.1 The building "(2 ,!n(in (#be#!# ,!n(ining "(e&i(l# #u,h (# (#be#!#
,!(ed .i.e#.
An A#be#!# 0n/e#ig(i!n Re.!& ;A0R< *ill be ,!ndu,ed b2 ( &egi#e&ed
(#be#!#
,!n#ul(n. 0) (#be#!# ,!n(ining "(e&i(l# (&e )!und ! be in#ide he
building$ (n
A#be#!# Ab(e"en 8l(n ;AA8< *ill be #ub"ied ! he En/i&!n"en(l
8&!e,i!n 'e.(&"en 28 d(2# be)!&e he (#be#!# (b(e"en *!&C
,!""en,e#. The (#be#!# (b(e"en *!&C #h(ll be ,!ndu,ed in (,,!&d(n,e
*ih he Ai& 8!llui!n =!n&!l O&din(n,e (nd he +(,!&ie# (nd 0ndu#&i(l
7nde&(Cing# ;A#be#!#< Regul(i!n.The A0R (nd AA8 *ill be #ub"ied
#e.(&(el2 ! E8'.
4.2 ?(ndling !) h(9(&d!u# "(e&i(l# (nd D !& ,he"i,(l# #h(ll be &e"!/ed b2
&egi#e&ed (#be#!# ,!n&(,!& in (,,!&d(n,e *ih En/i&!n"en(l 8&!e,i!n
'e.(&"en (nd L(b!u& 'e.(&"en &egul(i!n#A .&i!& ! he ,!""en,e"en
!) he de"!lii!n *!&C.
+0G7RE G.2 TE80=AL +LOOR 8LAN AN' E%0ST0NG
-70L'0NG 0N+OR5AT0ON 7$
%% STREET ;S?EET 2 O+ 2<
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APPENDI= E
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APPENDI= E
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Demolition Procedures
1. Gene&(l
The building #h(ll be de"!li#hed b2 T!. '!*n 5eh!d b2 5(,hine. The .&!,edu&e# )!& de"!lii!n
!) #&u,u&(l ele"en# b2 "(,hine (&e (# )!ll!*# ::
1.1 =(nile/e&ed #l(b #h(ll be #u..!&ed (nd he (&e( unde&ne(h i be .&!e,ed (,,!&ding ! he
.&e,(ui!n(&2 "e(#u&e# in ie"4 ;'< !n .(ge G15. The ,(nile/e&ed #l(b #h(ll be de"!li#hed (#
#h!*n !n he d&(*ing ;The d&(*ing #h(ll in,lude de(il# #i"il(& ! +ig. 4.1$ 4.2 F 4.12 in hi#
=!de !) 8&(,i,e<$
1.2The de"!lii!n !) ,(nile/e&ed be("# #h(ll n! ,!""en,e unle## (ll #l(b# (nd *(ll# *hi,h (&e
#u..!&ed b2 he ,(nile/e&ed be("# (&e &e"!/ed.
1.3 The de"!lii!n !) #l(b# (nd be("# #h(ll be (# #h!*n !n he d&(*ing ;The d&(*ing
#h(ll in,lude de(il# #i"il(& ! +ig. 4.8$ 4.10 (nd 4.11 in hi# =!de !) 8&(,i,e<$
1.4The de"!lii!n !) ,!lu"n# (nd R.=. +&("e# #h(ll be (# #h!*n !n he d&(*ing ;The
d&(*ing #h(ll in,lude de(il# #i"il(& ! +ig. 4.5$ 4.13 F 4.14 in hi# =!de !) 8&(,i,e<.
2. E1,(/(!& (nd i# "!/e"en &e#&i,i!n#
2.1E1,(/(!& !) %EG b&(nd$ 5!del 123$ !& (..&!/ed e6ui/(len$ e6ui..ed *ih b&e(Ce& !&
h2d&(uli, ,&u#he& #h(ll be u#ed. The !(l *eigh !) "(,hine #h(ll n! e1,eed 11$000Cg$
2.2The "!/e"en !) he e1,(/(!& #h(ll be &e#&i,ed ! *ihin he (&e( *ih (de6u(e
.&!..ing. The e1,(/(!& #h(ll n! "!/e in! he )!ll!*ing (&e(# :
;i< 4ihin 2 " )&!" he building edge$
;ii< *ihin 1 " )&!" (n2 !.ening#$
;iii< (n2 ,(nile/e&ed #&u,u&e#.
2.3 5(&Cing #h(ll be .l(,ed ! ,le(&l2 ideni)2 he &e#&i,i!n )!& he "!/e"en !) he
e1,(/(!&.
3. E1e&i!& *(ll
E1e&i!& *(ll# !) he ,(nile/e&ed b(l,!nie# *ihin g&id line# 5 F 6 #h(ll be de"!li#hed b2 h(nd held
!!l#. The ,!n,&ee #h(ll be b&!Cen d!*n in #"(ll "(n(ge(ble .ie,e# *ih h(nd !!l# !& .neu"(i,
3(,C h(""e& n! he(/ie& h(n 50 Cg. The &ein)!&,ing #eel "(2 be ,u !)) ()e& (ll he ,!n,&ee (&e
&e"!/ed !& *hen i# #u..!& i# n! l!nge& needed.
4. Li)ing !) e1,(/(!&
The e1,(/(!& #h(ll be li)ed !n he &!!) *ihin he de#ign(ed (&e( *he&e .&!..ing *e&e
in#(lled. The li)ing #h(ll be .e&)!&"ed b2 &u,C ,&(ne *hi,h i# ,(.(ble !) li)ing 130 !n l!(d
u. ! ( heigh !) 60 ". A..&!/(l )&!" he 8!li,e (nd T&(n#.!& 'e.(&"en #h(ll be !b(ined
.&i!& ! he l(ne ,l!#u&e (nd li)ing !.e&(i!n.
5. 'e"!lii!n #e6uen,e
5.1 R!!)
;i< The &ein)!&,ed ,!n,&ee *(e& (nC (nd !he& in,iden(l #&u,u&e# !n he
R!!) #h(ll be de"!li#hed$
;ii< The e1e&i!& *(ll# linCing he ,(nile/e&ed #&u,u&e #h(ll )i&# be de"!li#hed$
)!ll!*ed b2 he ,(nile/e&ed #l(b# (nd be("# be*een g&id line# 5 F 6$
;iii< 'e"!lii!n #h(ll .&!,eed *ih he &!!) #l(b# (nd #e,!nd(&2 be("# in he
)!ll!*ing !&de& :
SH3 , SH4 , SF4 , S F3 , SE4 , SB3 , S D4 , SD3 and S B4,
;i/< The &ein)!&,ing b(& !) he be("# ,!nne,ing he e1e&i!& *(ll# ! he ine&i!&
,!lu"n# #h(ll &e"(in unil he de"!lii!n !) he e1e&i!& *(ll$
;/< The e1,(/(!& #h(ll .&!,eed d!*n !n! he 10h )l!!& b2 "e(n# !) he e".!&(&2 #eel
&(". .l(,ed ( #l(b# S: 'S (nd S: ES $
5.2 10h +l!!&
;i< The e1,(/(!& #h(ll ,!ninue ! de"!li#h he &e"(ining &!!) #l(b#$ *(ll#$ he
5(in be("# (nd ,!lu"n#$
;ii< 7.!n &e"!/(l !) (ll he be("#$ ,!lu"n#$ *(ll# (nd !he& #&u,u&(l ele"en#
(b!/e he )l!!&$ he e1e&i!& *(ll# bel!* linCing he ,(nile/e&ed #&u,u&e
#h(ll hen be de"!li#hed$ )!ll!*ed b2 he ,(nile/e&ed #l(b# (nd be("# be*een
g&id line# 5 F 6$
;iii< 'e"!lii!n !) he &e"(ining )l!!& #h(ll )!ll!* he .&!,edu&e# (# de#,&ibed in
5.1 ;iii<$ ;i/< (nd ;/<.
5.3 9h +l!!& (nd )l!!&# bel!*
;i< The .&!,e## !) de"!lii!n !) he 10h )l!!& #h(ll be &e.e(ed )!& 9h )l!!&
h&!ugh g&!und )l!!&$
;ii< A)e& de"!lii!n !) he #&u,u&(l ele"en# (b!/e g&!und )l!!&$ he g&!und )l!!&
#l(b #h(ll be b&!Cen u.$
;iii< The e1i#ing .ile ,(. (nd .iling# bel!* he e1i#ing g&!und le/el #h(ll &e"(in.
+0G7RE G.4 'E5OL0T0ON 8RO=E'7RE AN' SEH7EN=E ;S?EET 5 O+ 5<
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APPENDI= E
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APPENDI= E
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APPENDI= E
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PRECAUTI!AR" #EASURES $
8&i !& ! he de"!l i i!n !) he "(in buil di ng # &u, u&e$ he )!ll !*ing .&e,(ui !n(&2
"e(#u&e# #h(ll be ,(&&i ed !u :
1. 7iliie# di#,!nne,i!n
All uiliie# (nd #e&/i,e# ! he building #h(ll be e&"i n( ed. The #e*e& (nd d&(in(ge
,!nne,i !n# #h(l l be .l ugged ( he e&"i n(l "(nh!l e.
2. =!/e&ed *(lC*(2 (nd ,(,h .l()!&"
;A< =!/e&ed *(l C*(2 (nd ,(,h .l( )!&" #h(ll be e&e, ed (,,!&ding ! he (..&!/ed .l (n
b2 -uilding Auh!&i 2 (l!ng he eni&e lengh !) he .&!.e& 2 b!und(&ie# !n %% S&ee
(nd he #e&/i,e l(ne. The ,!/e&ed *(lC*(2 (nd ,(,h .l()!&" )!und(i!n in#(ll(i!n
#h(ll (l#! ,!".l 2 *ih he ,!ndii!n# !) he E1,(/(i!n 8e&"i b2 he ?igh*(2#
'e.(& "en i) ne,e##(&2$
;-< The ,(&&i(ge*(2 #h(ll be l!,(ed !n %% S &ee be*een g&id line# ' F +$ The ,( ,h
.l ( )!&" (l!ng %% #&ee #h(ll be e1 ended unde&ne( h he en i &e (&e( !) he 1 #
)l!!& ,(nile/e&ed b(l,!nie#.
3. S,())!ld#$ *!&Cing .l()!&"#$ #,&een# (nd ,(,h)(n#
;A< '!uble &!* #,())!l d# *i h ne# (nd (&.(ul in #h(ll be e&e, ed ! ,!/e& he eni &e
building$
;-< The in#(ll(i!n !) he #,())!ld#$ *!&Cing .l()!&"#$ ne#$ (&.(ulin (nd ,(,h)(n# #h(ll
be i n (,,!&d(n,e *i h he ,!de# !) .&(, i ,e !n #,())!l di ng #()e 2 (nd he =!de !)
8&(, i ,e )!& 'e"!lii!n !) -uilding#$
;=< -("b!! ,(,h)(n# #h(ll be in#(ll ed (&!und he building ( /e&i ,(l ine&/(l# !) n!
"!&e h( 10".
4. Te".!&(&2 #u..!&
;A< 8&!..i ng #h(l l be i n# (l l ed ! #u..!& he !.e&( i !n !) he "e,h(ni ,(l .l (n (nd
he de"!lii!n (,i/iie#. The .&!..ing &e6ui&e"en# )!& di))e&en )l!!& (&e(# *e&e
#ele,ed b(#ed !n he &e,!""end(i !n !) he =!de !) 8&(, i ,e )!& 'e"!l i i !n !)
-ui l di ng#. The .&!..ing S,hedule i# #u""(&i9ed in +igu&e G.5$
;-< The !. (nd b! !" #u..!& # !) he .&!.# #h(l l be (de6u( el 2 #e,u&ed. -&(,i ng
(ndD !& l ( e&(l &e# &(in # i n ( le(# *! di &e,i !n# #h(l l be i n#(ll ed ! .&e/en l ( e&(l
"!/e"en !) he .&!.#. 8&!..i ng #h(l l n! be &e"!/ed unl e## he #u..!& )!& he
"e,h(ni ,(l .l(n $ deb&i # !& ! he& l !(di ng ,!ndi i !n# )!& he de"!li i !n .&!,e## i #
n! l!nge& &e6ui&ed$
;=< A # &u, u&(l # eel (,,e## &(". #h(l l be .&!/ided )!& he e1,(/( !& ! "(n!eu/&e
d!*n he )l !!&. The g&(di en !) he e".!&(&2 &(". #h(ll n! be # ee.e& h(n 30I !&
(# &e,!""ended b2 he "(nu)(, u&e&.
;'< A # eel )&("e #h(l l be .l (,ed unde&ne( h he b(l ,!ni e# ( 1D+ ! #u..!& he
,(n i l e/e&ed #&u,u&e# (b!/e. Seel .&!..ing# #h(ll be in#(lled !n (ll )l!!&# unde&ne(h he
,(nile/e&ed #l(b# (nd be("#. Seel .&!..ing #h(ll h(/e ( be(&ing ,(.(,i2 !) 25 CN$
#.(,ed ( 1.2 " ,en&e. The .&!.# #h(ll be b&(,ed *ih l(e&(l &e#&(in#. The (&e(
unde&ne(h e(,h e1e&n(l ,(nile/e&ed #&u,u&e ! be de"!li#hed #h(ll be .&!e,ed b2 (
e".!&(&2 .l()!&".
5. 'eb&i# h(ndling
5.1 The #eel #hed# #h(ll be di#"(nled. All &(#h$ )u&niu&e$ i"be&$ d!!& )&("ed$ *ind!*#
#h(l l be &e"!/ed )&!" he bui l di ng. An2 #(l /(ge(bl e i e"# #h(l l be #!& ed (nd
&e"!/ed #e.(&(el2$
5.2 'eb&i# #h(ll be ,!n/e2ed ! he g&!und )l !!& h&!ugh he li) #h()# be*een g&i d
li ne# G F ?. The (&e(# ne(& he li) en&(n,e #h(ll be b(&&i,(ded. A..&!1i"(el2 175
,u. " !) bui lding deb&i# *!uld be gene&( ed )&!" he de"!l i i!n !) e(,h )l !!&.
=l e(&ing (nd &(n#.!& ( i!n !) deb&i # #h(ll be (&&(nged ! en#u&e he )!ll !*ing
,!ndi i!n# (&e "(i n (i ned ( (l l i "e :
;A< A,,u"ul(i!n !) deb&i# in he li) #h()# #h(ll n! e1,eed 1 " high$
;-< Te".!&(&2 #!&(ge !n he )l!!&# #h(ll n! e1,eed 100 "" (b!/e he )l!!&#$
;=< 'eb&i# (,,u"ul(i!n !n he g&!und )l!!& #h(ll n! e1,eed 1 " (b!/e he
g&!und )l!!& #l(b$
;E< N! deb&i# #h(ll be (,,u"ul(ed !n he ,(nile/e&ed #&u,u&e#.
5.3 'e(il# !) deb&i# di#.!#(l (nd "(n(ge"en #2#e" #h(ll be #ub"ied ! -' .&i!& !
,!n#en (..li,(i!n (# .e& he &e6ui&e"en# in 8NA8 268.
6. S.e,i(l #ie #()e2
6.1 E"e&gen,2 e1i
The #(i&,(#e be *een g&id l ine# G (nd ? #h(l l be u#ed (# e"e&gen,2 e1i &!u e. The
&!u e #h(l l be ,l e(& !) deb&i # ( (l l i "e. 0den i )i ,( i !n #i gn# (ndD !& "(&C# #h(l l be
u#ed ! ,l e(&l 2 i ndi ,(e he &!u e$
6.2 +i&e .&e/eni!n
+i&e e1ingui#he&# #h(ll be .l(,ed ( ( ,!n/enien l!,(i!n !n e(,h )l!!&. All g(#!line$
)l (""(bl e "( e&i(l #$ !12gen (nd (,e 2l ene b!l e# #h(ll be # !&ed in ( .&! e, ed (&e(.
+0G7RE G.5 8RE=A7T0ONARE 5EAS7RES ;S?EET 4 O+ 5<
7ocal 4uthority
145
8RE=A7T0ONARE 5EAS7RES:
6.3 T&(ining
A ,!".e en &(i ne& #h(l l &(i n (l l !n #i e .e&#!nnel . The &(i ni ng .&!g&(""e #h(l l
in,lude he )!ll!*ing :
; A< An i ndu, i !n ,!u& #e ( he begi nni ng !) he .& !3 e, ! .&!/i de he !..!& uni 2
)!& !n #ie .e&#!nnel ! unde&#(nd he de"!lii!n .&!,edu&e#$ #ie #()e 2 &ule#
(nd ,&ii,(l #()e 2 ,!n,e&n# !) he .&!3e,$
;A< '(i l 2 #()e 2 "ee i ng# ! &ei n)!&,e he #()e 2 ,!n,e.$
6.4 'u# (nd n!i #e
;A< 'u# gene&( ed du&i ng he de"!l i i !n #h(l l be #u..&e##ed b2 #.&(2i ng *( e&
,!n i nu!u#l 2 du&i ng he b&e(Ci ng !.e&( i !n$
;-< Al l 3 (,C h(""e&# (nd e1,(/( !& "!un ed b&e(Ce&# #h(ll be e6ui ..ed *i h #i len,e&
((,h"en#. The (i& ,!".&e##!& #h(ll be #u.e& #ilen,e 2.e. 'e"!lii!n *!&C #h(ll
n! be .e& )!& "ed *i hi n he & e# & i , ed h!u& # )& !" 1900 h& #. ! 0700 h& #. Al l d(2
(nd )&!" 0700 h&#. T! 1900 h&#. On gene&(l h!lid(2# in,luding S7N'AE. 5!bile (i&
,!".&e##!& #h(ll be .l(,ed !n g&!und )l!!&.
7. 5(inen(n,e F in#.e,i!n
7.1 0n#.e,i!n #h(ll be .e&)!&"ed b2 he &e.&e#en(i/e# !) he A8 (nd he RSE !n ( *eeCl2
b(#i # (nd ,!n &(, !& !n ( d(i l 2 b(#i # ! en#u&e h( (l l he e".!&(& 2 # &u, u&e#$
,( ,h)(n# (nd ,( ,h .l ( )!& "# (&e i n g!!d ,!ndi i !n#. An2 (,,u"ul ( i !n !) deb&i # #h(l l
be &e"!/ed. An2 "!/e"en $ d("(ge !& di#!& i!n ! e".!&(&2 # &u,u&e# #h(ll be
i den i )i ed (nd &e.(i &ed$ i ) ne,e##(&2. The i n#.e, i !n (nd &e.(i & (, i /i i e# #h(l l be
&e,!&ded (nd ,!.ied ! he A8.
7.2 =!n&(,!& #h(ll (l#! in#.e, he #ie$ d(il2$ ! ideni)2 (n2 un#()e ,!ndii!n$ #u,h (#
d("(ge ! he e".!&(& 2 #u..!& # !& un# (bl e# (ndD !& .(& i (l l 2 de"!l i #hed # &u, u&(l
el e"en #. An2 un#()e ,!ndi i !n# #h(l l be &e, i )i ed be)!&e l e(/i ng he 3 !b #i e.
7.3 0n#.e,i!n (nd "(inen(n,e !) #,())!ld #h(ll be .e&)!&"ed in (,,!&d(n,e *ih
he ,!de# !) .&(,i,e !n #,())!lding #()e2 (nd he =!n#&u,i!n Sie ;S()e2<
Regul(i!n# b2 he ,!n&(,!&.
6. E"e&gen,2 .l(n
8.1 E"e&gen,2 ele.h!ne nu"be&# #h(ll be .!#ed in ,!n#.i,u!u# l!,(i!n#. 0n ,(#e !)
(,,iden !& e"e&gen,2$ he ,!n&(,!& #h(ll &e.!& ! he 8!li,e (nd +i&e Se&/i,e#
'e.(&"en )!& i""edi(e (##i#(n,e. The ,!n&(,!& #h(ll (l#! ,!n(, he A8 (nd
RSE i""edi(el2 (b!u he in,iden.
8.2 8&i!& ! ( 2.h!!n *(&ning !& ( "(3!& #!&" e/en$ he )!ll!*ing ie"# #h(ll be
.e&)!&"ed :
8.2.1 All he e".!&(&2 #u..!&#$ #,())!ld$ #,&een# (nd (n2 l!!#e "(e&i(l# #h(ll be
#e,u&ed. The #,())!ld #h(ll be (Cen d!*n ! he .&e/(iling !. le/el !) he
building$
8.2.1 +l(""(ble "(e&i(l# #h(ll be &e"!/ed !& #!&ed in ( .&!e,ed (&e(.
8.2.2 The e1,(/(!& #h!uld be "!/ed ! ( l!,(i!n *ih .&!.e& #u..!&$ .&e)e&(bl2
,l!#e ! he ,en&e !) he building$
8.2.3 An2 un#(ble (ndD!& .(&i(ll2 de"!li#hed #&u,u&e #h(ll be ,!".leed. 0) i i#
n! .&(,i,(l ! ,!".lee he de"!lii!n i"el2 he un#(ble #&u,u&(l ele"en
#h(ll be b&(,ed (nd #u..!&ed.
9. 8!# de"!lii!n
9.1 The #ie #h(ll be le/elled (nd ,le(& !) deb&i#$
9.2 0) he ne* de/el!."en i# n! i""edi(e$ he .&!.e&2 b!und(&ie# #h(ll be .&!.e&l2
en,l!#ed ! .&e/en .ubli, en&(n,e$
9.3 An2 d("(ge ! .(/e"en$ )!!.(h (nd ele"en# *ihin >he &igh !) *(2 #h(ll be
&e.(i&ed ! i# !&igin(l ,!ndii!n# .&i!& ! he ,!".lei!n !) he de"!lii!n .&!3e,.
+0G7RE G.5 8RE=A7T0ONARE 5EAS7RES ;S?EET 5 O+ 5<
APPENDI= E
146
147
AC<NOWLEDGEMENTS
The committee which developed this Construction Industry Standard consists of the followin
representatives*
Ir Sia #an See2amuseren AChairmanB Construction Industry Development Board
Malaysia
Ir 2amuseren Construction Industry Development Board
Malaysia
Puan <or #ami=a Oahar ASecretaryB Construction Industry Development Board
Malaysia
3nci! #ari Sundar 2 #ari Dass ASecretaryB Construction Industry Development Board
Malaysia
Dr Siva!umar CS$ Technoloy Sdn Bhd
Ir Patric! C auustin 4ssociation of Consultin 3nineers
Malaysia
3nci! S Thulasaidas Sivasubramaniam ?abatan $er0a 2aya Malaysia
Prof Ir Dr Mohd Oamin ?umaat .nivesiti Malaya
Dr 2ai=al saifulna= Muhammad 2ashid .niversiti Putra malaysia
Puan 4mnah Mohd Salleh Institute of Surveyors Malaysia
Ir Chuan Peon MinF
3nci! $oh Mee 7eow Master Builders 4ssociation Malaysia
3nci! $amaruddin mohd SallehF
Ci! 2oshita Shafiee Malay Contractors 4ssociation of Malaysia
Puan Tan Choo 7an ?abatan $era0aan Tempatan
Puan Marina Mahdar SI2IM Bhd
3nci! Mustafa Pusof ?abatan $era0aan Tempatan
4r ?asmin $amarudin Pertubuhan 4!ite! Malaysia
3nci! Tiah Toh Twin 2eal 3state and #ousin Developer
4ssociation Malaysia
Ir Tu Pon 3n The Institutes of 3nineers, Malaysia
148