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Preferred partner
CFD in Subsea Production Systems
Stavanger 24 October 2012
Arnout Klinkenberg
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HYSYS/Olga/CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics)
HYSYS OLGA CFD
Geometry Short pipelines Long pipelines Free, relatively small
volumes
Details 1D 1D 3D
Transient Steady Transient Steady/Transient

Input Composition
Equation of state
PVT & flow rate
Composition
Equation of state
PVT & flow rate
Fluid properties
Temperature, flow rate
or P

Output Phase and flow
characteristics
Phase and flow
characteristics
Pressure, temperature
& velocity in 3D details
Calc. time Short Middle Long
22 October, 2012 Slide 2
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Computational Fluid Dynamics
Basic solving:
Mass equation (continuity)
Impulse equation (velocities & pressure, Navier-Stokes)
Thermal equation

Additional modelling:
Turbulence
Species transport, including reacting flows
Buoyancy
Multiple phases, including phase change
Bubbles
Free surface flow
Particles
Radiation
Fluid-structure interaction




22 October, 2012 Slide 3
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Sand particles in the production liquid will result in pipe wall erosion
DNV provides a method of erosion calculations:
RP O501 Erosion Wear in Piping Systems
Erosion rate curve based on measurements:








Sand erosion
22 October, 2012 Slide 4
1) Graph is taken from RP O501
1)
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Sand erosion
Programme ERBEND calculate erosion rates, based on measurements in
standard components:






In general, bends are showing high erosion rates. Bends can be replaced by
a blinded Tees.
Assumption: Long straight pipe upstream component to have a nice velocity
and sand distribution
This assumption is not always correct


22 October, 2012 Slide 5
1) Pictures are taken from RP O501
1)
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Subsea XMT Flow loop
22 October, 2012 Slide 6
Flow
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Subsea XMT Flow control module
22 October, 2012 Slide 7
Choke
MPFM
MPFM
Flow
Choke
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Model
The fluid properties of the
production liquid are calculated
with HYSYS
The maximum production
velocity is used as boundary
condition on the inlet
Turbulence is modelled (SST)
The flow is steady
Sand particles are injected
through the inlet
Effect of turbulence on
particles is modelled

22 October, 2012 Slide 8
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Calculation mesh
Velocity, pressure, turbulence
and particle concentration is
calculated on every mesh point
in the flow loop
Mass, impulse and energy
balance
Special care for mesh close to
the wall

22 October, 2012 Slide 9
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Results XMT Flow loop
22 October, 2012 Slide 10
The production fluid velocity of
the flow loop
A plot is made of the flow path
of the sand particles
The flow path is coloured with
the velocity of the particles

Velocity on a cut plane
Bend: particles flow to outside
Blinded T: Velocity reduction
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Erosion rates flow loop
22 October, 2012 Slide 11 Date Month 2012
Kristin flowloop erosion
Slide 11
Blinded T
Bend
Erosion rates compared
with standard DNV model:
Blinded Tee one: same
Blinded Tee two: higher
Bend: higher
Sensor: not in DNV model
Sensor
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Erosion rates flow control module
22 October, 2012 Slide 12
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Subsea dead end
22 October, 2012 Slide 13
Dead leg used for future tie-in.
Hydrate risk due to cooling from sea water.
Flow model is made to see temperature of the dead end is heated
up by recirculation zone. Two options:
Future tie-in (MEG)
Water: 4C
HTC = 500 W/m
2
K
Recirculation dead end
F
l
u
i
d

f
l
o
w

Valve
Water: 4C
HTC = 500 W/m
2
K
Recirculation dead end
Fluid flow
Valve
Normal production case
Future tie-in production case
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A CFD model is made and pressure, flow, turbulence and energy
equations are solved in the fluid and in the solid.
For the normal production case, the temperature is above 20C.

Subsea dead end temperature
22 October, 2012 Slide 14
Flow
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The same model is used to calculate the future tie-in case.
Recirculation is small
Temperature below 20C are plotted.

Subsea dead end temperature
22 October, 2012 Slide 15
Flow
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Questions?

22 October, 2012 Slide 16
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Slide 17 22 October, 2012