1

Sheet No. Three

1. An ammonia system operating with an evaporating temperature of -30C and a
condensing temperature of 35C separates flash gas at a temperature of -2C and
delivers it to the condenser through a separate compressor. If the refrigerating
capacity is 200 kW (56.9 tons of refrigeration), what are the power requirements if
the system operates (a) single stage, and (b) with flash-gas removal?

2. A refrigeration cycle uses Feron-12 as the working fluid. The temperature of the
refrigerant in the evaporator is -10C and the condensing temperature is 40C.
The cooling load is 150W. The compressor speed is 720rpm and the volumetric
efficiency is 80%. Calculate the mass flow rate of the refrigerant and the
displacement volume of the compressor. The following are selected extract of the
Feron-12 properties.

Temperature,
C
Pressure,
MPa
Enthalpy, kJ/kg Specific volume of
Sat. vapor, m
3
/kg Liquid Vapor
-10 0.22 26.8 183.0 0.08
40 0.96 74.5 203.1 0.02

3. In a simple vapor compression cycles, the following data were obtained for R-12
refrigerant at various points:
Compressor inlet h2 = 183.2kJ/kg v2 = 0.0767m
3
/kg
Compressor discharge h3 = 222.6kJ/kg v3 = 0.00164m
3
/kg
Condenser exit hf4 = 84.9kJ/kg v4 = 0.00083m
3
/kg
The piston displacement volume for the compressor is 1.5liters/stroke and its
volumetric efficiency is 80%. The speed of the compressor is 1600rpm. Find:
a) Power rating of the compressor (kW), and
b) Cooling capacity (kW).

4. A refrigerating plant works between -5C and 25C. The working fluid is
ammonia and has a dryness fraction of 0.62 at entry of compressor. If the
machine has a relative efficiency of 55%, calculate the amount of ice formed
during a period of 24 hours. The ice is to be formed at 0C from water at 15C
and 6.4kg of ammonia is circulated per minute. Specific heat of water is
4.187kJ/kg and latent heat of ice is 355kJ/kg. Selected properties of ammonia
(NH3) is given in the following table;

Temperature
C
Liquid heat, hf
kJ/kg
Latent heat, hfg
kJ/kg
Entropy of liquid
kJ/kg.K
25 298.9 1137.1 1.124
-5 158.2 1280.8 0.630

2

5. Determine the theoretical COP for CO2 machine working between the temperature
range of 25C and -5C. The dryness fraction of CO2 gas during the suction stroke
is 0.6. The following are selected extract of the properties for CO2

Temperature
C
Heat Latent heat,
hfg kJ/kg
Entropy kJ/kg.K
Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor
25 81.17 202.5 121.34 0.251 .644
-5 -7.53 236.88 245.52 -0.042 0.841

How many tons of ice would a machine working between the same limits and
having a relative COP (efficiency) of 45% make in 24 hours? The water for the
ice is supplied at 15C and the compressor takes 8.2kg of CO2 per hour. Specific
heat of water may be taken as 4.18kJ/kg.K and latent heat of ice as 335kJ/kg.

6. A F-12 vapor compression refrigeration system has a condensing temperature of
50C and evaporating temperature of 0C. The refrigeration capacity is 7TR. The
liquid leaving the condenser is saturated liquid and compression is isentropic. The
enthalpy at the end of isentropic compression is 210kJ/kg. Determine:
(a) The refrigerant flow rate,
(b) The power required to run the compressor,
(c) The heat rejected in the plant, and
(d) The COP of the system.

You may use the extract of Feron-12 property table given below:
Temperature
C
Pressure,
bar
hf kJ/kg hg kJ/kg Fluid entropy
kJ/kg.K
Gas entropy
kJ/kg.K
50 12.199 84.868 206.298 0.3034 0.6792
0 3.086 36.022 154.364 0.1418 0.6960

7. A standard vapor-compression refrigeration cycle operates between an evaporator
temperature of -10C and a condenser temperature of 40C. The flow rate of the
refrigerant, Feron-12, is 1.0kg/min and the enthalpy at the end of compression is
220kJ/k. Show the T-S diagram of the cycle, and then calculate:
(a) The COP of the cycle,
(b) The refrigeration capacity, and
(c) The compressor power.
You may use the extract of Feron-12 property table given below:
Temperature, C Pressure, bar hf kJ/kg hg kJ/kg
-10 0.2191 26.85 183.1
40 0.9607 74.53 203.1

8. A food storage locker requires a refrigeration capacity of 50kW. It works between
a condenser temperature of 35C and an evaporator temperature of -10C. The
refrigerant is ammonia. It is sub-cooled by 5C before entering the expansion
valve by the dry saturated vapor leaving the evaporator. Assuming a single-
cylinder single-acting compressor operating at 1000rpm with stroke equal to 1.2
times the bore, determine:
(a) The power required and
(b) The cylinder dimensions.

You may use the extract of ammonia property table given below:
3

Tsat,
C
Pressure
bar
Enthalpy, kJ/kg Entropy,
kJ/kg.K
Specific
volume, m
3
/kg
Specific heat,
kJ/kg.K
Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor
-10 2.9157 154.056 1450.22 0.82965 5.7550 -- 0.41747 -- 2.492
35 13.522 366. 1488.57 1.56605 5.2086 1.7023 0.09563 4.556 2.903

9. A food storage locker requires a refrigeration system of 2400kJ/min capacity at an
evaporator temperature of -10C and a condenser temperature of 30C. The
refrigerant is feron-12 and is sub-cooled by 6C before entering the expansion
valve and vapor is superheated by 7C before leaving the evaporator. The
compression is isentropic. The refrigerant compressor is a two-cylinder single-
acting operating at 1000rpm with stroke equal to 1.25 times the bore. Take the
liquid specific heat as 1.235kJ/kg.K and the vapor specific heat as 0.733kJ/kg.K.
Determine
(a) Refrigeration effect per kg,
(b) Mass of refrigerant to be circulated per minute,
(c) Theoretical piston displacement per minute,
(d) Theoretical power required to run the compressor in kW,
(e) Heat removed through condenser per minute, and
(f) Theoretical bore and stroke of compressor.

You may use the extract of ammonia properties table given below:
Tsat, C Pressure
bar
Enthalpy, kJ/kg Entropy, kJ/kg.K Specific volume, m
3
/kg
Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Vapor
-10 2.19 26.9 183.2 0.1080 0.7020 0.0767
30 7.45 64.6 199.6 0.2399 0.6854 0.0235


10. A refrigeration cycle uses Feron-12 as the working fluid. The temperature of the
refrigerant in the evaporator is -10C and the condensing pressure is 40C. The
cooling load is 150W. The compressor speed is 720rpm and the volumetric
efficiency is 80%. Calculate the mass flow rate of the refrigerant and the
displacement volume of the compressor. The following are selected extract of the
Feron-12 properties.

Temperature,
C
Pressure,
MPa
Enthalpy, kJ/kg Specific volume of
Sat. vapor, m
3
/kg Liquid Vapor
-10 0.22 26.8 183.0 0.08
40 0.96 74.5 203.1 0.02


PharosUniversityinAlexandria ME240Refrigeration&AirConditioning(1)
FacultyofEngineering Spring20132014
MechanicalEngineeringDepartment 8
th
Semester

Sheet 3.1
Improved & Multi-Stage Vapor Compression System

1) AR12vaporcompressionsystem,fittedwithaheatexchanger,whichsubcoolstheliquid
refrigerantcomingfromthecondenserfrom32to22.ifthevaporleavingtheevaporatoris
dryandsaturatedat-12 .DrawtheflowdiagramofthesystemandrepresentitonPhchart
andshowtheeffectofthepresenceoftheheatexchangeron:
a) TheC.O.Pofthesystem.
b) Therefrigeratingcapacityintonrefrigerantifthecompressorpumps25
L
s
.
2) ForsinglecompressorR717Systemconsistedofflashchamber,heatexchanger.Thecondenser
pressureis1.6MPa,subcooler0.6MPaandevaporatorpressure0.3MPa.Vaportemperature
increasedthroughtheheatexchanger 1u .Makeasuitablearrangementforthiscycleand
determinethefollowing:
a) TheC.O.Pofthesystem.
3) Forasmallrefrigerationplantof10T.R.ifinsidedesignairtemperatureis2 andtheoutside
designairtemperatureisSu .makeasuitableselectionforasimpleammoniasystem,includinga
heatexchanger,singlecylindercompressorwithstroketoboreratio0.9,volumetricefficiency0.8
and12rps.
Determinethefollowing:
a) TheC.O.Pofthesystem.
b) Compressorsdimension.
c) Thepowerrequiredforthecompressor.
4) Thefollowingdataareforacompoundcompressionammonia(R717)Machine(ShowninFigure
below)withflashintercooler.TheCapacityis100T.O.R,condenserpressure13bar,evaporator
pressure1.0bar,Intercoolerpressure5bar.Thevolumetricefficiencyforthelow&highpressure
cylinder=85%,compressionisisentropic.Ammoniaentersthelowpressurecylinderat12and
leavesthecondenserat33.
Determinethefollowing:
a) Thetotalpowerrequired.
b) TheC.O.Pofthesystem.
c) Thetotalpistonsdisplacementin
m
3
s
.

Condenser
Evaporator
Flash Inter-Cooler
C1
C2
Ex1
Ex2