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MPP
MPP
MPP
V V for 0, dP/dV
V V for 0, dP/dV
V V for 0, dP/dV
(4)
Figure 2. Sign of the dP/dV at different positions on the P-V characteristic
curve of a PV array [10, 11].
The principle of this algorithm [1, 9, 11, 12] is described in
Flow chart presented in Fig. 3, where the triangle represent
decision making [1].
Figure 3. Flow chart of the incremental conductance algorithm.
II. SIMULINK MODEL OF PV SYSTEM WITH MPPT
The model shown in Fig. 4 represents a PV solar panel
connected to resistive load through a dc/dc buck converter with
MPPT controller.
Figure 4. Model of a PV solar panel connected to a load.
In Fig. 5 is shown the model of PV panel as a constant dc
source created using the Lookup Table block from Simulink
as in [1, 13]. The model has two inputs an irradiance inputs
coming from port 1 and respectively a voltage input that is
coming as a feedback from the system and the output of the
block is calculated the current. This model generated current
and received voltage back from the circuit. The PV panel has
36 photovoltaic solar cells connected in series. The parameters
of a single solar cell of PV panel model are listed in Table I.
Figure 5. Block diagram of a PV panel connected to the load.
TABLE I. THE PARAMETERS OF A SINGLE SOLAR CELL
Table
Head
The Parameters of a Single Solar Cell
Parameter Value
1.
Short-circuit current ( ) A 34 . 7 I
sc
=
2.
Open-circuit voltage ( ) V 6 . 0 V
oc
=
3.
Quality factor N = 1.39989
4.
Series resistance ( ) 00415132 . 0 R
s
=
5.
First order temperature coefficient for
( ) 1/K I
ph
TIPH1 = 0.0008
6.
Temperature exponent for
s
I
TXIS1 = 3.3842
7.
Temperature exponent for
s
R
TRS1 = 0
8.
Parameter extraction temperature ( ) C
TMEAS = 25
9.
Fixed circuit temperature ( ) C
TFIXED = 25
954
Fig. 6 shows a Simulink
from Simulink
library. Stateflow
chart is a very
powerful tool that graphically allows to do state machines and
logical event based controllers and can be created states and
transitions. All of these transitions are based on decision based
on measurement of system. It used a 100 kHz pulse-width
modulation (PWM) driver for dynamics of the buck converter.
The MPPT controller makes a step size in the duty cycle of the
MOSFET [1].
The MPPT controller is realized using incremental
conductance algorithm as in [1]. The graphics interface is
shown in Fig. 8 in that can be visualized when the program
running how is making the decision and how the system is
moving from one state to another [1].
Figure 7. Block diagram of the MPPT controller [1].
Figure 8. Stateflow
/ Simulink
/ Simulink
. This
simulation model enabled the analysis of the performance of
PV systems. The simulation results were presented and
analyzed to validate that the incremental conductance
algorithm is effective at rapidly changing irradiance level. This
model provides a good evaluation of performance of MPPT
control for the PV systems.
REFERENCES
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Based Design for Solar Power Systems.
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Electron., vol. 45, Feb. 1998, pp. 99-107.
[3] E. Koutroulis, K. Kalaitzakis, and N.C. Voulgaris Development of a
microcontroller-based, photovoltaic maximum power point tracking
control system, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 16, no. 1, 2001, pp.
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using perturbation and observation as well as incremental conductance
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[11] M.A. Hamdy, A new model for the current-voltage output
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[12] D. Sera, T. Kerekes, R. Teodorescu, and F. Blaabjerg, Improved MPPT
algorithms for rapidly changing environmental conditions, Power
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power point tracking algorithm for residential photovoltaic systems,
Proceedings of 2nd Canadian Solar Buildings Conference, Calgary,
Canada, June 10-14, 2007.
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