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Your Ultimate Cheat Sheet For
Raising Backyard Chickens

2Your Ultimate Cheat Sheet For Raising Backyard Chickens
Your Ultimate Cheat Sheet for Raising
Backyard Chickens
BackyardHenHouse.com
A Comprehensive uide to Raising and ro!ing Your
"lock #y your friends at BackyardHenHouse.com
$a#le of Contents
.................................................................................................................................................................... 1
Your Ultimate Cheat Sheet for Raising Backyard Chickens BackyardHenHouse.com ............................... 2
Com!rehensi"e #uide to Raising and #ro$ing Your Flock %y your friends at BackyardHenHouse.com
................................................................................................................................................................. 2
&a%le of Contents ........................................................................................................................................ 2
'ntroduction ................................................................................................................................................ (
Cha!ter 1 Should You Raise Chickens) ........................................................................................................ *
First+ ,uestions to sk Yourself .............................................................................................................. *
-o You .ike Chickens) ......................................................................................................................... /
-o You Ha"e the &ime) ........................................................................................................................ /
-o You Ha"e the S!ace) ...................................................................................................................... /
Ho$ 0any Chickens -o You 1lan to 2ee!) ......................................................................................... 3
's 't .egal) ............................................................................................................................................ 3
Can You fford 't) ................................................................................................................................ 3
's &his the Right Business For You) .................................................................................................... 14
&o! 5 Reasons to Raise Chickens ........................................................................................................... 14
Chickens in the City ................................................................................................................................ 14
&o! * &i!s on Raising Chickens in the Backyard ..................................................................................... 11
Fre6uently sked ,uestions on Raising Chickens .................................................................................. 12
,uestion7 Should ' !urchase straight run chicks or !ullets) ............................................................ 12
,uestion7 8hen should ' allo$ my chicks to go outside) ................................................................ 12
,uestion7 Ho$ many eggs can ' e9!ect my hens to lay) ................................................................... 12
:Your Ultimate Cheat Sheet For Raising Backyard Chickens
,uestion7 8hat is the difference %et$een a regular egg and %antam egg) ..................................... 12
,uestion7 Ho$ long $ill it take for an egg to hatch) ........................................................................ 12
,uestion7 8hat is the ideal material for s!read around the coo! floor) .......................................... 1:
,uestion7 8ill !ainting the chicken coo! !ose any health risks to chickens) ................................... 1:
,uestion7 8hat is the difference %et$een a !ullet and a cockerel) ............................................... 1:
Ho$ 0uch -oes Raising Chickens Cost) ................................................................................................ 1:
Cha!ter 2 Crash Course on Raising Chickens ............................................................................................ 1;
Chicken Basics ....................................................................................................................................... 1;
1hysiology .......................................................................................................................................... 1;
<utritional <eeds ............................................................................................................................... 15
Handling ............................................................................................................................................. 1(
Shelter ............................................................................................................................................... 1(
Common Health 1ro%lems ................................................................................................................ 1*
Beha"ior and &em!erament .............................................................................................................. 1*
'ntroduction to -ifferent Chicken Breeds ............................................................................................. 1*
raucana ........................................................................................................................................... 1/
ustralor! ......................................................................................................................................... 1/
Rhode 'sland ..................................................................................................................................... 1/
=r!ington .......................................................................................................................................... 13
.eghorn ............................................................................................................................................. 13
0inorca ............................................................................................................................................. 13
Cornish .............................................................................................................................................. 13
8yandotte ........................................................................................................................................ 13
Ham%urg ........................................................................................................................................... 24
Silkie .................................................................................................................................................. 24
1lymouth Rock .................................................................................................................................. 24
Cochin ............................................................................................................................................... 24
<e$ Ham!shire Reds ........................................................................................................................ 24
Bantams ............................................................................................................................................ 21
14 'nteresting Facts %out Chickens ...................................................................................................... 21
Common 0isconce!tions %out Chickens -e%unked ........................................................................... 22
Cha!ter : #etting Started ..................................................................................................................... 2:
;Your Ultimate Cheat Sheet For Raising Backyard Chickens
8hat Breed to Choose) ......................................................................................................................... 2:
Standards "s. Bantams ....................................................................................................................... 2:
Cold 8eather ..................................................................................................................................... 2:
Hot Summers ..................................................................................................................................... 2;
Rare Breeds ........................................................................................................................................ 2;
Raising for >gg 1roduction ................................................................................................................. 25
Raising for 0eat 1roduction .............................................................................................................. 25
Raising for Both 0eat and >gg 1roduction ........................................................................................ 25
1oultry Buying #uide ............................................................................................................................. 25
8here to Buy Your 1oultry) .............................................................................................................. 25
Your First Flock .................................................................................................................................. 2(
1oint of .ay 1ullets ............................................................................................................................ 2(
-ay =ld Chicks ................................................................................................................................... 2(
'ncu%ating Fertili?ed >ggs .................................................................................................................. 2(
#uide to Buying Healthy Chicks ............................................................................................................. 2*
#uide to Buying Healthy dult Chickens ................................................................................................ 2*
#uide to Hatching and Rearing >ggs ...................................................................................................... 2/
'ncu%ation ......................................................................................................................................... 2/
1oultry House #uide .............................................................................................................................. 23
.ocation ............................................................................................................................................. 23
1rotection .......................................................................................................................................... :4
Com!lete Confinement .......................................................................................................................... :4
Chicken Coo! $ith =utside Run ............................................................................................................. :4
S!ace Re6uirements .......................................................................................................................... :1
@entilation ......................................................................................................................................... :1
&em!erature ...................................................................................................................................... :1
-ust Baths .......................................................................................................................................... :2
Free to Range Flocks ......................................................................................................................... ::
&o -'Y or <ot) ........................................................................................................................................ ::
Ste!A%yASte! -ay 1 #uide ...................................................................................................................... :;
Cha!ter : Chicken Care and 0aintenance ................................................................................................. :5
ll Year Round Care #uide .................................................................................................................... :5
8hat &o -o =n a -aily Basis .............................................................................................................. :5
8hat &o -o =n a 0onthly Basis ........................................................................................................ :(
8hat &o -o =n a BiAnnual Basis ...................................................................................................... :(
8hat <=& to Feed to Your Chickens ..................................................................................................... :(
8inter 1recaution ................................................................................................................................. :*
Summer 1recautions .............................................................................................................................. :*
&he Use of Fertili?ers B C&urf BuildersC ................................................................................................. :*
8hat to -o if Your Chickens #et Sick .................................................................................................... :*
-ealing $ith -eath ................................................................................................................................ :/
Chicken Feeding #uide ......................................................................................................................... :/
&y!es of Feeds and Feeding Schedules ............................................................................................. :3
Feeding Chickens for 0a9imum >gg 1roduction .................................................................................... ;4
&o! 14 &i!s on Reducing >nergy Costs ................................................................................................... ;4
Ho$ to Cull Your Chickens .................................................................................................................... ;1
Benefits of Culling .............................................................................................................................. ;1
Ho$ to S!ot <onA1roducing and 'nferior Chickens7 .......................................................................... ;1
Chicken Health ..................................................................................................................................... ;2
1re"enting 'llness ............................................................................................................................... ;2
<utritional Su!!lements for Your Chickens ........................................................................................... ;2
Cha!ter ; Rea!ing the Har"est .................................................................................................................. ;:
Har"esting the >ggs ............................................................................................................................... ;:
&y!es of >ggs .................................................................................................................................... ;;
-ealing $ith Broody Hens ...................................................................................................................... ;;
Common signs of %roody hens7 ......................................................................................................... ;;
>gg Cleaning ........................................................................................................................................... ;5
2illing and 1icking 0eat Birds ................................................................................................................ ;5
Humane &echni6ues .......................................................................................................................... ;(
Using an 9e ...................................................................................................................................... ;(
Using a 2nife ...................................................................................................................................... ;*
-islocating the <eck .......................................................................................................................... ;*
1lucking Feathers ............................................................................................................................... ;/
(Your Ultimate Cheat Sheet For Raising Backyard Chickens
Butchering 0eat Birds ........................................................................................................................... ;3
Storing Chicken 0eat ............................................................................................................................. 54
Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................... 51
%ntroduction
Most people love to eat chicken. Who doesnt, right? Its one of the most
popular meat processed and prepared in every imaginable way. According to
!"A, chicken consumption has more than doubled from #$%& to '&&(, from
an average for '%.( pounds per person to )$.' pounds, giving beef a serious run
for its money.
Which brings us to one simple fact* raising backyard chickens makes total
sense. Its a practical solution for families seeking sustainable living and
presents a viable business venture. Whether you are interested in raising
chickens for your own consumption, or you plan to make it a source of income,
you will soon discover its +oys and great rewards.
,iving in the city is -./ a hindrance to raising chickens, nor does lack of
e0perience. A growing number of Americans today are reaping the wonderful
benefits of this highly promising undertaking.
!o whether you have decided to +ump in and +oin the bandwagon for an
alternative revenue source, or you are in it to make it big, or even +ust for the
heck of it, discover how fairly easy it is to care and grow your very own flock of
fascinating feathered creatures at the comforts of your own backyard 1 all at a
minimum start2up cost.
/his e3ook contains a comprehensive beginner4s guide to everything you need
to know about raising chickens, caring and growing them as well as generating
income out of your very own produce.
*Your Ultimate Cheat Sheet For Raising Backyard Chickens
Are you ready to en+oy freshly harvested eggs every morning? 5ow about
taking pleasure at the sight of adorable chicks running around in your
backyard? .r maybe you are looking forward to raking in serious money out of
this endeavour? nlock the satisfying and highly profitable opportunity to earn
income without stepping out of your own property.

Chapter & Should You Raise Chickens'
More and more people today are discovering the +oys and rewards of raising
chickens. Whether you are planning to take it up as a backyard hobby or an
additional source of income, you definitely need to be fully e6uipped with all
there is to know about raising chickens.

,ike any other venture, raising chickens also has its own share of potential trials
and tribulations. 3ut one thing holds true among many poultry raisers* chickens
can enhance the 6uality of life. In fact, it has been known to be effective in
reducing stress7 And of course, one cannot overlook or discount its potential as
an additional income source.
As a beginner, you are probably both worried and e0cited at the prospect of
growing your own backyard flock and possibility of raking in substantial income
out of it. 3ut you will be happy to know that with ade6uate preparation and
knowledge, anyone can raise chicken.
"irst( )uestions to Ask Yourself
If you have already tried your hand at growing vegetables and picking berries
and gained a degree of success, it can be a great idea to add in a few animals to
your homestead. 3ut whether or not you have an affinity for country living, or
you live in the city, you can look forward to en+oying fresh eggs for breakfast
every morning.
/Your Ultimate Cheat Sheet For Raising Backyard Chickens
8aising a flock of chickens offers a number of benefits. Much like growing your
own produce, raising your own poultry shrinks your daily diets carbon
footprint. 9hickens can provide natural fertili:er.
3ut is keeping chickens ideal for you? ;rom healthcare to diet, housing and
climate, here are some key 6uestions you need to take into account when
contemplating on raising chickens*
*o You +ike Chickens'
/his one is a no2brainer. 3efore you even consider raising chickens, make sure
you will en+oy having them around. If you have not actually spent time around
chickens, it can be a good idea to visit some local poultry farms. 9an you grow
to like them? .r you find their not2so2friendly and pecky personalities
unappealing?
*o You Have the $ime'
After you have purchased your chicken and set up your coop, chickens are
actually fairly low2maintenance <pets=. >ou need to check their water and food
supply, and collect their eggs daily as well as clean their coop periodically.
.f course, when it comes to caring for baby chicks, you will be re6uired to
spend more time, as hourly monitoring of temperature on their first few weeks
of life is critically important. >ou also need to consider the fact that having
animals in your home means needing someone to provide care if you have to
leave for work, travel or vacation.
*o You Have the Space'
/o be able to properly raise chickens in your own backyard, you will need
ample space of at least #& s6uare feet per chicken in a coop. If you will allow
them to run or range, you will re6uire about ' to ( s6uare feet per chicken
inside the coop. If you plan to pen them in inside a small run, the space should
be properly cleared of any vegetation unless you have plenty to space to allow
them to roam around.
Ho! ,any Chickens *o You -lan to .eep'
9hickens are generally social animals, which mean you cant keep only one. It is
recommended to at least maintain a small flock of ? to ( chickens. /he volume
of chicken produce largely depends on the health and the amount of daylight.
@0pect fewer eggs during the winter season with shorter days. 5owever, in
general, you can look forward to at least one egg per layer hen every day.
%s %t +egal'
While raising and keeping chickens in the backyard is generally allowed in most
cities, it is not legal in every +urisdiction. If you are planning to raise chickens,
make sure to check with your city if it is actually permitted under its municipal
code.
/here are a number of +urisdictions that prohibit roosters, although you dont
actually need to keep one to produce eggs. /here are also come cities that
impose restrictions on the number of chickens you can keep in a flock so make
sure to do your homework on this.
Can You Afford %t'
,ike any venture, you need enough to be aware of the e0pected e0pense. /o
give you an idea, baby chicks generally cost around A( each, while the +uvenile
hens are typically sold at around A ?& each, depending on the breed.
>ou also need to take into account the ongoing e0perience which include food,
which you can make or buy, as well as veterinary care if in case any of your
chickens gets in+ured or sick. Make sure there is a local veterinarian in your area
that can treat chickens prior to starting a flock. >ou should also consider the
cost of supplies.
ntil your hens start laying eggs, you will need to subsidi:e their feed. As a
general rule of the thumb, unless you are raising a scale of do:ens of hens, you
cant e0pect to do much more than merely break even on the produced eggs
for 6uite some time or after you pay off your initial investment.
%s $his the Right Business "or You'
/o determine if this type of business venture is viable and ideal to your present
situation, here are some more key points you need to consider*
B Whats your market? 5ow and where do you plan to sell your poultry and
how many can you possibly sell?
B Where will you get your food supply? Are you planning to purchase from
a feed store, a mill or from a local farmer?
B Where do you plan to process the bird meat? "o you plan to do it
yourself or is there an abattoir at close pro0imity?
B "o you have sufficient free:er space? >ou may need to store some
chicken meat before they are sold.
B What are the regulatory restrictions of raising chickens in your area?
/here are certain states regulate the number of chickens produced and sold
annually.
$op / Reasons to Raise Chickens
#. 9hickens produce great2tasting and highly nutritious eggs. Most of us
adore our pets, but many of these animals dont actually produce anything
edible or even pay for their own way. 9hickens do7 Clus, you can feed your
family fresh eggs.
'. 9hickens have interesting personalities. nknown to many, chickens
have their own uni6ue and 6uirky personalities that can be very endearing.
?. >oure one step closer to sustainable living. -ow you can produce your
own chicken meat without trashing the planet.
(. >ou can feed them with your leftovers. 9hickens can eat anything that
we eat, including your leftovers. >ou dont have to throw away and waste
leftover food.
). 9hickens contribute to a balanced compost pile. 9omposting presents a
great way to reduce ecological footprint. >ou can use chicken poo and
eggshells to produce nitrogen2rich compost pile.
Chickens in the City
If you feel living in the urban area is a ma+or hindrance to raising chickens, there
are actually many people who are able to live successfully in the suburbs or in
the city with a small flock of hens. 5ere are some suggestions to avoid any
possible written warnings or fines and at the same time keep your neighbors
happy*
B 9heck your :oning laws. While many urban areas allow chickens, there
may be some restrictions on the specific number you are allowed to raise.
B .bey the imposed rules and regulations. "ont get more chickens than
you are allowed to keep. .therwise, you are only asking for trouble.
B "ont get a rooster. Most cities do not allow roosters. 3ut the good news
is, your hens can lay eggs without any rooster. When breeding, you can also
specify the se0 of the chicks with $&D accuracy, albeit for an additional charge.
/ypically, roosters are re2homed or butchered as they reach ? to ( months.
B 3uy a coop with ample space. /he more space you have, the less your
chickens will smell and the happier they will be.
B 9hange litters fre6uently. Make sure to clean your chicken coop regularly
to avoid unpleasant sleep. 9leaning it once a weekly will definitely make your
neighbors happy.
B 9ompost your chicken litter. ;resh manure is generally too <hot= to be
used directly in your garden. Add it in your compost pile instead so you dont
have to contend with constant bagging and disposing of litter 22 plus you get
free compost.
B Eeep your chickens secure. Make sure your chickens are securely fenced
in. >ou dont want them running around the neighborhood.
B 9onsider getting bantams. If you are not really planning to go into egg
production, consider getting bantams since they are considerably smaller and
perfect for limited spaces. While bantams do lay eggs, it is not as often as the
other breeds.
B !hare your fresh eggs with the neighbors. /hey will be more likely to be
more understanding the occasional clucking when they also get to taste fresh
eggs every now and then.
$op 0 $ips on Raising Chickens in the Backyard
#. Eeep your chicken coop clean and provide ample water and food supply.
'. Crovide your chickens ade6uate space to peck, scratch and perch.
?. !pend time each day to observe for any signs of sickness.
(. 9ollect eggs daily.
). -ever resort to chasing chickens.
F. Immediately 6uarantine any sick chickens.
%. "iversify their diet with bread, fresh veggies, fresh table scraps and
possibly some occasional corn treats.
"re1uently Asked )uestions on Raising Chickens
)uestion2 Should % purchase straight run chicks or pullets'
While straight run chickens are typically less e0pensive, it is generally best to
invest in pullets, especially if you are raising chickens for eggs. Cullets have
already been se0ed by the hatchery and are mostly $&D accurate. /here are
feed stores and hatchers that offer refund or buy back cockerels.
)uestion2 3hen should % allo! my chicks to go outside'
When they are already fully feathered and if the temperature is not too cold.
)uestion2 Ho! many eggs can % e4pect my hens to lay'
>ou can e0pect an average of ' eggs per day if you have ? hens. /his means, to
have a do:en eggs per day, you will need about #G hens.
)uestion2 3hat is the difference #et!een a regular egg and
#antam egg'
/he eggs produced by bantams are considerably smaller, although when it
comes to nutrition, there is no difference.
)uestion2 Ho! long !ill it take for an egg to hatch'
'# days.
1:Your Ultimate Cheat Sheet For Raising Backyard Chickens
)uestion2 3hat is the ideal material for spread around the coop
floor'
Cine shavings are known to work well.
)uestion2 3ill painting the chicken coop pose any health risks
to chickens'
Hust make sure to use non2to0ic paint and ensure good ventilation.

)uestion2 3hat is the difference #et!een a pullet and a
cockerel'
A cockerel refers to a young rooster, while a pullet refers to a young hen.
Ho! ,uch *oes Raising Chickens Cost'
If you are planning to raise chickens, here is a general idea on the average cost*
B "ay2old chicks 22 average price of A( each or A#& for ?
B !mall chicken 9oop 22 around A ?)&
B ,arger chicken 9oop 22 around A )')
Additional costs*
B 3rooder bo0 22 around A #)
B 5eat lamp 22 around A ?)
B ;eeders and waterers 22 around A #& to A?&
B /hermometer 22 around A )
B -esting bo0 heater 22 around A )&
B Incubators 22 around A ##&
1;Your Ultimate Cheat Sheet For Raising Backyard Chickens
Chapter 5 Crash Course on RaisingChickens
If you think raising chickens is something you can and want to do, aside from
having a general idea of the re6uirements and initial costs, you also need to be
properly e6uipped with in2depth understanding of chickens.
While it is true that chickens are generally low2maintenance, it is still best to
have a solid knowledge of these animals to better understand and address
their needs. Whether you plan to keep them as pets, or you are looking into
entering the poultry business, the following articles will provide you all the
necessary information to raise and grow your flock.
Chicken Basics
What do you know about chickens besides how they are cooked and prepared?
It can be helpful if you have had close encounters with these creatures alive.
3ut if you only have limited knowledge of chickens in general, here are some
helpful information to give you a headstart*
-hysiology
/he average lifespan for the domestic chickens is about ) to G years for the
<layer= breeds, such as the 8hode Island 8eds. ;or the factory layer breeds, like
the leghorns, they can live anywhere between # and ( years, and # to ? years for
the meat breeds. 9ommercial flocks can either be bred to grow abnormally
large, if you are raising <meat breeds= or genetically altered in order to lay
huge 6uantities of eggs, if you are planning to raise <layer breeds=.
A mature layer hen usually weighs between ) to as much as #? pounds, while a
leghorn weigh an average of ? to F pounds. ;or mature male chickens or
roosters, they weigh about #& to #G pounds. ,ayers, or those that are breed for
egg production are considerably smaller in comparison to broilers or those
chickens that are specifically bred for meat production.
/he normal temperature of chickens is #&%I;, while the younger ones range
between #&'I; and #&FI;.
6utritional 6eeds
B Water. Make sure to provide constant supply of water at all times. It is
recommended to use poultry fountain to avoid any spillage and keep water
free from contaminants as much as possible. "uring warm weather conditions,
check water supply all throughout the day. "uring winter, it is recommended
to use water heater, especially if you live in areas with free:ing temperatures.
B ;eed. >ou can readily purchase chicken feed from most farm supply
stores. /he commercial chicken feeds are specially designed to promote faster
grow andJor higher egg production. /his can be harmful if you have already
purchased chickens that are already bred to be unusually large or are altered to
lay unnatural number of eggs. It is recommended to mi0 your own feed by
combining e6ual parts of oats, whole corn and sunflower seeds along with a
dash of grit to aid digestion. 9hickens are known to self2regulate their food
intake, but in case you notice some chickens are e0ceeding their normal
weight, regulate their feed per day.
B ;actory layer feed. Most commercial hens purchased from factories,
especially the leghorn layers are already genetically altered, these hens are
known to produce more eggs compared to non2altered hens, and will re6uire
daily diet with higher levels of calcium. /he factory layer feeds are generally
formulated to address this specific dietary re6uirement.
B ;eeders. Most chickens, most especially those that have de2beaked do
not prefer to eat off the ground. Crovide a container heavy en+oy avoiding
tipping but small enough to avoid chickens standing or walking on their feed,
which often leads to contamination by feces.
1(Your Ultimate Cheat Sheet For Raising Backyard Chickens
Handling
It is recommended to herd chickens in a small pen in order to minimi:e
e0cessive chasing. >ou can use straw bales to corner chickens in a smaller area.
5ere is a simple step2by2step guide on proper handling*
#. /o hold the chicken, place one hand firmly but gently on the back of the
chicken, while positioning the other one in front of the chest in order to
prevent any forward movement.
'. .nce you have managed a firm grasp, position both hands over the
wings to effectively limit any wing movement before lifting the bird. If in case
you lost hold of a wing, put down the bird and start again.
?. "uring restraint, allow the chicken to calm down before you start any
grooming or administering any treatments. -ever attempt to hold the chicken
upside down by the legs, as it is very stressful for the animal and can potentially
result to in+uries.
When handling larger chickens, fold your arm and use the upper body to
restrain the wings and the back of the chicken, so you are hugging the chicken
before lifting. -ever position larger chickens on their backs as this can possibly
case e0treme stress, which may lead to heart failure.
Shelter
B 9hicken coop and sheds. !heds and garages are known to make
ade6uate chicken home. /he ideal si:e is #& by #'. Make sure that the shelter is
waterproof, well2ventilated and provides protection against predators. se
clean and dry straw for bedding and ensure soiled and wet bedding are
replaced daily. 9lean the entire chicken coop once a week.
B -est bo0. >ou also need to provide one nest bo0 to serve four laying
hens. Cosition it in a draft2free area and should be generally away from noise
and disturbance. >our nest bo0 should be at least #(2inch s6uare and #2foot
deep and covered with sufficient amount of bedding.
B ;ence. It is necessary to fence in your flock to keep away predators. /he
recommended fence height is ( to )2foot high. 9hoose tightly women fence to
effectively keep the chickens in, which may be more e0pensive. >ou can use
cattle fencing as an alternative, which you can secure with chicken wire.
1*Your Ultimate Cheat Sheet For Raising Backyard Chickens
Common Health -ro#lems
B 9occidiosis. /his is a type of proto:oan parasite. 9ommon symptoms
include listlessness and bloody diarrhea.
B Worms. ;ecal tests are re6uired every ? months to detect any internal
parasites. "e2worming medications can e added to water or can be in+ected,
depending on the specific type of parasite to be treated.
B ,ice and Mites. >ou can control lice by providing an area where chickens
can Kdust bath, where they throw dirt on themselves.
B 3umblefoot. /his refers to the locali:ed infection that affects the foot,
resulting to bulbous swelling of the chickens footpad and its surrounding
tissue. @arly treatment using antibiotics and wraps is recommended to allow
the pus to fully drain from the affected foot.
B 5eat e0haustion. ,arger chickens are more susceptible to heat
e0haustion so make sure monitor them during hot weather conditions.
!ymptoms include open mouth breathing, e0cessive panting, dropping head
and collapse. At the first sign, fan chicken on low and lightly mist with cool
water. 9ontact your veterinarian.
Behavior and $emperament
.nce you spend time observing chickens, you will discover they are fascinating
creatures. 9hickens are smart and have very good memory. 5ere are some
facts about their behavior*
B 9hickens are social creatures and prefer to share a nest and roost
together.
B ,ike humans, chickens display different behavior and temperament.
While certain breeds are known to act in a specific way, they also have
individual personalities and set of traits.
B 9hickens have their very own vocabulary. @0perts say the make up to ?&
different sounds.
B 9hickens can also be trained to perform tricks.
%ntroduction to *ifferent Chicken Breeds
1/Your Ultimate Cheat Sheet For Raising Backyard Chickens
While it is easier to categori:e chicken breed based on <good for egg
production= and <ideal for meat production=, it reality most of these chicken
breeds are actually suitable for either purpose. Although, there are certain
e0ceptions, and some chicken breeds particularly stand out for meat or egg,
almost all breeds can be labeled as dual2purpose.
,ike dogs, chickens have pure2breed varieties and mi0ed2breed mutts. While
there is nothing particularly wrong with mutts, it is worthwhile to know the
particulars of each breed. /here are roughly over hundred recogni:ed chicken
breeds, some of which are 6uite rare and can add up to an e0tremely long list.
5ere the most common and popular ones*
Araucana
/his particular breed stands out for one particular reason* their egg color,
which earned them the name @aster @gg chickens. /his is because Araucana are
known to lay distinctively green to blue shells. .ther than that, the eggs are
normal and taste like any other chicken eggs.
Araucanas are rather odd2looking since they dont have tails, otherwise known
as <rumples=. If you are planning to breed your own chickens, mating can be a
problem for this particular breed. /hey are also known not to lay as much eggs
compared to other breeds.
Australorp
/hese are large chickens that come with black feathers and red combs. /he
Australorp are known to be e0ceptionally good layers and their large si:e also
make them ideal for meat productions. /hey are known to lay light brown eggs
almost every day. /emperament2wise, this breed is calm, 6uiet and friendly,
making them highly ideal for yards where kids may be around.
Rhode %sland
Most people are familiar with 8hode Island 8ed chickens with deep red
feathers. 5owever, there is also another less common variety, the 8hode Island
Whites. !porting large bodies, the 8hode Island breed are known to produce
large volume of brown eggs. /heir productivity and large si:e makes them a
popular choice for backyard flocks. 8hode Island roosters are particularly
aggressive although hens have mild temperament.
7rpington
/hese are heavy breed of chickens that are available in several colors, although
the most common one is the lighter buff .rpington. 3ecause of their weight
and si:e, .rpingtons cannot do much flying, which makes them ideal for small
spaces. .rpington chickens are friendly and make great <pet= chickens.
+eghorn
If you prefer to raise chickens that lay white eggs, you can consider the
,eghorn, which are available in a variety of feather patterns and colors.
,eghorns are known to lay large amounts of eggs, but seldom sit on them.
/hese are skittish chickens, which means you may need to keep them fenced
in.
,inorca
Minorca chickens are easily identified with their large red combs. /his can pose
a problem if you live in areas where frostbite can be a winter issue. /his breed
can be a bit skittish and often prefer more peaceful environments, which
means they are not ideal if you have dogs and small children around. /hey can
+ump and fly short distances so higher fences are re6uired.
Cornish
/hese are considerably smaller breeds of chicken that are often kept mainly for
meat production and not for its eggs. 9ornish chickens are known to only lay
egg once or twice a week. /his type of chicken is not ideal for colder regions.
3yandotte
/his is another one of those 6uiet2tempered breeds with bodies large enough
to make it ideal for meat production. /hey also produce good supply of eggs,
so they can serve a dual purpose. 5owever, it can be 6uite a chore to collect
eggs since hens tend to get broody.
Ham#urg
/his breed is available in both bantam and standard, and is not 6uite common
for backyard flocks. 5amburgs are good egg layers, although they have
relatively smaller bodies. "ue to si:e, these chickens are often skittish and
flighty, so you will need to put up higher fences.
Silkie
/his breed is 6uite fun to keep mainly because their feathers have that furry
appearance. /hey will not produce as much eggs as the other breeds and hens
are known to be notoriously broody. /heir bodies are also considerably smaller,
which is why !ilkies are more commonly raised as pets.

-lymouth Rock
/his breed is available in a number of colors, and known to produce
e0ceptionally good supply of brown eggs. /he Clymouth 8ocks also have large
bodies so they can also be raised for meat production. /hese chickens are mild2
tempered and 6uiet and can be easily attached to their keepers. In fact, a
number of owners claim their Clymouth 8ocks follow them like puppies.
Cochin
.ne standout characteristic of 9ochin is their large feathery legs. /hey are
widely kept as pets because of their fascinating look. 5owever 9ochins are
known to make decent egg layers, although may not be at par with other
breeds.
6e! Hampshire Reds
/his particular breed is a close relation of 8hode Island and is known to be
prolific egg2layers, producing an average of ) eggs per week. -ew 5ampshire
chickens are friendly and can get along well with other breeds and animals,
although they can be a bit louder than most.
Bantams
3antams need to be included in the list, although the term does not actually
pertain to a breed of chicken but to the si:e. 3antams are considerably smaller
than the standard chickens and produce lesser number of eggs. -ot all breeds
have bantam versions. ;or owners with limited space or only re6uire lesser
eggs, bantams present a great choice.
&8 %nteresting "acts A#out Chickens
#. 9hickens are not capable of sustaining flight. /he longest flight ever
record was #? seconds.
'. Mature male chickens are referred to as cock, roo or rooster, while
females are hens. A young male chicken is called a cockerel, while young
females are known as pullets.
?. 9hickens have been identified as the closest living relative of /2re0.
(. 9hicken sounds have actual meaning. /hey give off varying alarm calls
when they feel threatened.
). /he average lifespan of hens is '& years. !he will lay eggs all through her
lifetime, although the numbers gradually decrease every year.
F. Aside from white and brown, other egg colors include green, pink and
blue. It takes '( to 'F hours to lay an egg.
%. If there is no roster present in a flock, one hen often takes up his role,
will stop laying and starts to crow.
G. 9hickens actually have more bones in the necks compared to giraffes.
/hey dont have teeth, which means they swallow their food whole, which is
then grinded in the stomach.
$. 9hickens are highly social animals. /hey will readily fight to protect their
own family and even mourn for the death of a loved one.
#&. /here are more chickens in the world than people.
Common ,isconceptions A#out Chickens *e#unked
/here are a number of myths and misconceptions often associated with raising
chickens in the backyard. Its time to demystify and dispel some for the biggest
fables*
#. 9hickens can live in the city.
>ou can raise chicken in urban areas as long as your local laws allow it.
'. 9hickens can eliminate your bug problem.
While chickens can eat bugs, they can also eat veggies and fruits so dont allow
your chickens to freely run along your garden patch.
?. 8oosters only crow at sunrise.
Any healthy rooster can crow anytime as they please.
(. >ou need a rooster to produce eggs.
!urprise7 5ens can lay eggs without the help of a rooster. >ou will only need
roosters if you want to hatch a fertile egg. !o if you only plan to raise chickens
for eggs, you dont need to purchase a roster.
). 9hicken manure is a great fertili:er.
It is true that chicken manure can make great fertili:er. 5owever, fresh
manure can burn your plants because its too strong so before you use it, make
sure to allow it to age in a compost pile.
2:Your Ultimate Cheat Sheet For Raising Backyard Chickens
Chapter 9 etting Started
Whether you plan to primarily produce eggs, raise chickens for its meat or
simply keep them as pets, there is a breed available to suit your purpose. /here
are a great number of pure breeds available, which includes a line of fancy
breeds ideal for showing. 5owever, most of these breeds are not 6uite
productive and some are in danger of e0tinction.
Another type is the utility breed, which is widely preferred by commercial
breeders and beginners due to their e0ceptional productivity. tility breeds are
also less e0pensive compared to pure breeds.
3hat Breed to Choose'
/o help you decide which breed to choose, consider these factors*
Standards vs. Bantams
.ne of the first decisions factors you need to make in raising chickens is
whether to choose !tandards or the normal2si:ed chickens Lalso known as
large fowlsM or 3antams. Weighing # to ' pounds each, 3antams weigh a mere
fraction that of !tandards, and are mostly kept primarily for ornamental
purposes. /hey lay lesser number of
eggs, which are also relatively smaller.
Cold 3eather
If you live in regions with
predominantly cold climate, there are
certain breeds of chicken you need to
avoid. In general, heavier breeds are
known to fare far better than lighter
2;Your Ultimate Cheat Sheet For Raising Backyard Chickens
breeds, which mean it is viable to choose !tandards over 3antams. .ther
important considerations include the si:e of combs and wattles. Its
recommended to choose smaller ones, as they are less susceptible to
frostbites. 3reeds that are ideal for cold weather conditions include*
B Clymouth 8ocks
B Wyandottes
B .rpingtons
B 9hanteclers
B !usse0es
B ,angshams
Hot Summers
If you live in regions where it typically gets over #&& "egrees, you will want to
avoid any fluffy and feather footed breeds. 3antams are known to fare well in
summer and among the best !tandards that thrive in warmer climates include*
B ,ight 3rown ,eghorns
B White ,eghorns
B Nolden 9ampines
B 3lue Andalusians

Rare Breeds
If you want to keep chickens as ornamental pets, you may want to support the
continuance of a number of endangered chicken breeds*
B Curebred Araucanas
B "rokings
B !panish
B 3uckeyes
B "omini6ues
B Asils
Raising for :gg -roduction
If you are planning to raise chickens for egg production, you naturally want to
choose breeds that are known to lay e0ceptionally good supply of eggs for
ma0imum productivity. Among the great egg2laying breeds include*
B White ,eghorns
B 8hode Island 8eds
B !tars
Raising for ,eat -roduction
8aising chickens for meat is generally more complicated than raising for eggs
and may not be ideal for everyone. While all chicken meats are edible, some
breeds have lesser 6uality meat. Among the best suited breeds for meat
production include*
B 8hode Island 8eds
B ,ight !usse0
B !assos
B 5ubbards
Raising for Both ,eat and :gg -roduction
/here are dual2purpose breeds that are ideal for both meat and egg
production. /his presents a practical and viable choice for many people who
plan to raise chickens in their backyards.
-oultry Buying uide
3here to Buy Your -oultry'
If you are ready to purchase your first investment, here are some suppliers you
can look into*
B Oisiting breeders. >ou can purchase from a reputable breeder.
2(Your Ultimate Cheat Sheet For Raising Backyard Chickens
B Coultry auctions. If you are confident you have fair amount of knowledge
on chickens, you can consider purchasing from auctions, otherwise stick to
conventional sources.
Your "irst "lock
If this is your first time to raise chickens, it is recommended to start small. A
flock of ? hens can be a great start. 5ens start laying eggs as they reach '& to
'' weeks old.
-oint of +ay -ullets
/he easiest way to get started is to purchase point of lay LC.,M pullets. /hese
are female young hens that are easier to care fore and maintain and you will
start en+oying egg production faster. At this age, the se0es are more
discernable, so you dont have to deal with cockerels. 5owever, this may be a
more e0pensive but more viable way to start up your chicken2raising pro+ect.
*ay 7ld Chicks
Another possible option is to purchase day old chicks. /his alternative will
re6uire a higher level of stockmanship, which means you may want to have
more e0perience before you try this option. >ou will also need a number of
e6uipment such as a heat lamp, and a specialist feed.
%ncu#ating "ertili;ed :ggs
>ou can also purchase fertili:ed eggs and hatch it on your own, which will also
re6uire some speciali:ed e6uipment such as incubator and brooder. If you
dont have an e0isting broody hen, be prepared to wait about ) months or so
to have your first egg.
2*Your Ultimate Cheat Sheet For Raising Backyard Chickens
uide to Buying Healthy Chicks
;or you to raise healthy chickens, you naturally need to start with healthy
chicks. 3ut how do you e0actly know if the chicks you plan to purchase are in
good health? @ven the most reputable hatchery can miss certain signs of health
problems. 5ere are some tips to help you choose and invest smartly on healthy
chicks*

B 5ealthy chicks are active and not overly noisy.
B 9hoose baby chicks with bright, clear eyes and clean rear ends.
B 3eaks and toes should be straight.
/elltale signs of unhealthy chicks that you need to avoid include*
B "ull or cloudy eyes
B /wisted beaks
B 3ent or missing toes
B "irty rear end
B nhappy and overly noisy, showing signs of stress
B "roopy looking
B Canting with beaks open
B !ore or red belly area
uide to Buying Healthy Adult Chickens
If you are planning to start your flock with adult chickens, you can look forward
to a productive coop from day one. 5ere are some guidelines to ensure you
purchase healthy chickens*
B 3right, clear eyes
B 9lean nostrils, free from any discharges
B Wattles and combs are plump and glossy
B -o signs of lumps or swellings
B !mooth and shiny legs
B !mooth feathers
2/Your Ultimate Cheat Sheet For Raising Backyard Chickens
B Alert and active
uide to Hatching and Rearing :ggs
If you plan to hatch eggs for your first flock, you will need to prepare the
necessary materials.
5ere is a step2by2step guide to walk you through the process*
%ncu#ation
#. It is generally best to start raising chickens during springtime. /his is
typically when most eggs are laid and chicks are given more time to reach a
certain level of maturity to increase chances of survival for the coming winter.
'. It will take '# days to hatch an egg, provided its under correct
temperature conditions.
?. Nently turn or rotate the eggs at least ? times a day in order to prevent
the embryo from sticking on one side.
(. When the chick is ready to hatch, do not try to assist. Interference of this
process can pose serious risks.
). .nce free, move the chicks to a cardboard bo0 with a suspended (& or
)&2watt light bulb above.
F. Clace a small tray of fine scratch feed and water dish.
%. Make sure to maintain temperature at $( "egrees ;ahrenheit on its first
day, which means you may need to ad+ust the bulb closer.
G. .n its $th day, maintain a temperature of GG "egrees ;ahrenheit and G&
"egrees ;ahrenheit on its #Gth day.
$. >ou may remove the light on its Fth week.
#&. Eeep the chicks indoors until they have grown enough feathers to
protect it from cold and possible infection.
>ou may wonder why chickens cant hatch their own eggs. /his is because for
centuries, chickens have been bred domestically for its egg production and
have grown dependent to man to assist in the hatching. If your hen becomes
broody, it will sit on its nest constantly. >ou can allow your hen to brood for #
to ' weeks, after which you need to intervene by locking her out of the coop.
-oultry House uide
>our poultry house should be designed to address the following re6uirements
to ensure proper care and health of your flock*
B Ade6uate space
B Crotection from weather
B Ade6uate ventilation
B Crotection from predators
B 9lean environment
B 9onstant supply of feed and water
B @asy access of dust bathing facility
+ocation
3efore you start raising chickens, you need to properly identify the ideal area
where you plan to place your coop. A lot of people overlook this important
aspect, which is actually critically important for the safety and well2being of the
flock. 9hoosing the location could very well spell the difference in egg
production, susceptibility to diseases, and other possible negative
conse6uences. 5ere are some important considerations you need to take into
account*
B Croper drainage. @nsure the location offers good soil drainage, as poor
drainage often leads to dirty eggs, diseases and wet litter. /his will save you
from the tiresome +ob of washing away filth from every egg and ensure your
flock is clean and healthy.
B Wind direction. Cosition your chicken coop away well away from strong
winds. It should also not be in the direction where winds can carry odor
towards your home.
B Ade6uate space for future e0pansion. When planning, always consider
future re6uirements such as possible e0pansion of your operations. !o make
sure your location provides enough room for possible e0pansion so your future
options will not be limited.
:4Your Ultimate Cheat Sheet For Raising Backyard Chickens
B Access. >our chicken coop should allow easy access to allow regular
monitoring. ,ocation should allow access to electrical necessities, water supply
and easy cleanup. If you have a sloping ground, position your chicken coop on
the highest level to avoid seepage and easy water drainage.
-rotection
A good poultry house should be able to provide protection from elements,
in+ury, theft and predators. /o ensure the health of your chickens, you need to
provide a stable environment, where your flock is kept comfortable and happy
all throughout the day and night. 5ere are some guidelines*
B Oentilation. >our coop should provide a dry and draft2free shelter.
9hoose a design with windows and doors that will allow proper ventilation,
especially during hot weather conditions.
B "rainage. >our coop should have drainage channels to avert water
during heavy rains and prevent flooding.
B !pace. Ade6uate space is important to properly regulate humidity level
when the coop is closed.
Complete Confinement
Eeeping your flock completely confined is highly recommended if you feel the
need to provide e0tra security and precaution against predators. 9hoose a
coop design made of sturdy materials to keep out rodents and snakes and
other possible predators that can dig under the floors and walls. >ou also need
to cover the windows and doors with wire mesh.
Chicken Coop !ith 7utside Run
If you plan to allow your flock to range, make sure to bury the wire at least #'
inches deep along the perimeter of your fence. /his will stop the predators
from digging from under the fence. >ou also need to keep the outside run
securely shut in before night time and open +ust after sunrise to deter flying
predators, such as owls and hawks.
Space Re1uirements
.ne of the most basic principles in chicken housing is the availability of space in
relevance to the number of chickens you plan to keep. >our flock will need
ample space to allow e0ercise and movement, as well as areas for resting and
roosting. /he space will naturally vary depending on the type of chickens you
plan to race.
3elow are the suggested space re6uirements*
9hicken /ype !6uare ;eet Cer 3ird
Inside
!6uare ;eet Cer 3ird in .utside
8uns
3antam 9hickens
,arge 9hickens
,aying 5ens
9hicks
#
'
#.)
#
(
#&
G
(
<entilation
Nood ventilation will allow proper air circulation and movement. Allowing fresh
air will bring o0ygen and at the same time remove ammonia, e0cess moisture
and carbon dio0ide. 5igh levels of ammonia and carbon dio0ide will
significantly affect chicken production while the e0cessive amount of carbon
dio0ide can be poisonous and pose serious health risks.
$emperature
5eat stress will also affect your production and can possibly lead to death.
While chickens are known to survive several degrees below free:ing, they are
unable to tolerate temperatures over (&I9. /his is because chickens do not
have sweat glands and only cool themselves through their breath by opening
their beaks and rapid air movement. With high humidity, this simple cooling
mechanism will prove incapable of regulating their body temperature.
If you are living in the tropics, east2west orientation is recommended to
effectively minimi:e direct e0posure to sunlight. >ou also need to avoid coops
made of metal, tins, or corrugated iron. Croviding sufficient ground cover can
be effective in reducing reflective heat. !hades are also necessary, particularly
if there is very little air movement or the area has high humidity.
@ffects of heat stress include*
B Crogressive reduction in their food intake
B Increase in water consumption to cool down body temperature
B Crogressive decline in growth rate
B "isruption in reproduction, including lower egg weight, reduced sperm
concentration and smaller chicks.
Access to ;eed and Water
B .ne cant stress enough the importance of constant supply of clean
water.
B Make sure to change water on a daily basis to prevent contamination.
B Eeep the feeds covered from rain.
B If you problems with rodents, take out the feeders and store it in a
secure location.
B /he top lip of the feeders and bottom part of the water containers
should be level with the height of your chickens back to prevent wastage,
spillage and contamination.
*ust Baths
"ust bathing is a common behavior pattern where chickens scratch loose, fine
dry soil to <bathe= in it, allowing the soil particles to trick through its feathers.
/his is a form of instinctive action to rid e0ternal parasites in their feathers and
skin. If you plan to allow your chickens to range freely, they will find their own
spot to dust bath. 5owever, if you dont have a chicken run, you need to
provide a facility for this very purpose.
"ust baths are simply made of large shallow bo0es that are filled with fine
sand. 9ooled ash derived from fire can also be added to make the material
e0tra fine. Make sure to place your dust baths under a roof to prevent it from
getting wet.
::Your Ultimate Cheat Sheet For Raising Backyard Chickens
"ree to Range "locks
If you have ample space, you may want to consider allowing your flock to freely
move around in a confined open space. /his will allow your chickens ready
access to fresh vegetation, insects, worms and other natural food. ;rom the
production point of view, this provides the following benefits*
B .btain natural food
B Improve land fertility
B Improve health
B Improve general well2being
$o *%Y or 6ot'
While most people prefer to buy ready2made chicken coops that feature all the
right specification and features, there are a few who want to build their own. If
you are planning to go down that route, here are some important
considerations and possible risks you need to take into account*
B If you have decent carpentry skills and you have plenty of time on your
hands, you can probably consider building your own chicken coop. 5owever, a
lot of people seem to think that this alternative may save them significant
amount of money. /his may not always the case. ;or one, choosing cheaper
materials will not provide ample security, which means, you will probably end
up saving a little amount of money but run the risk of losing your chickens in
the process.
B If you want to build your own coop, you need to have the right set of
tools as well as a detailed design with all the essential features in order to
properly make a decent one.
B nless you have advanced carpentry skills, be prepared to spend time
planning and designing your coop to ensure you have the right measurements
and specifications. >ou also need to conduct e0tensive research on the best
materials to use.
If these factors work against your favor, you may want to consider purchasing
a premium 6uality chicken coop. It is after all a viable investment that will serve
you for years and keep your chickens comfortable, healthy and secure.
:;Your Ultimate Cheat Sheet For Raising Backyard Chickens
Step=#y=Step *ay & uide
!o you have all the necessary preparation in place to house and care for your
new flock. 3efore you do purchase your chicks andJor chickens, you need to be
e6uipped with how to properly care for them, especially during the first day.
5ere is a simple step2by2step guide to help you out*
#. Make sure to clean and properly disinfect the area before you move in
your flock. se safe, non2to0ic cleaning agents such as ,ysol, instead of bleach,
which gives off terrible fumes.
'. /urn on your heat lamps at least for a day or more before you move in
your chicks so the chicken coop walls and floor are nicely warm and
comfortable. /his will help the disinfectant to properly dry.
?. /horoughly check to make sure there are no drafts.
(. Cut a few inches of fresh
litters on the floor and cover it with
an old sheet. >ou can use chopped
straw, wood shavings or some
chopped cornhusks. Avoid
using anything slippery.
). Add a tablespoon of
molasses to a gallon of warm
water and serve this to the chicks
on their first day. /his will help them
recover from the +ourney.
F. 9heck regularly and observe for any discomfort or unnatural behaviors.


Chapter 9 Chicken Care and ,aintenance
If you dont have any prior e0perience to caring and raising chickens, you dont
have to be overwhelmed. 9hickens are easier to care for compared to other
animals. .nce you have established a routine, you will soon find out that its
actually pretty easy. /he topics below will provide you all the important
pointers you need to get started and increase your chances of success.
All Year Round Care uide
5ere is a guide on the chores you will need to do on a daily, weekly, semi2
annual basis.
3hat $o *o 7n a *aily Basis
B Make sure to keep the water and feeders full.
B Make sure the water is clean and changed daily.
B 9heck to ensure all chicks and chickens are looking active, bright and
healthy. Make an appointment with a vet if you suspect a bird is sick.
B 9ollect and refrigerate eggs on a daily basis, with the pointy side
downward to ensure ma0imum freshness.
:(Your Ultimate Cheat Sheet For Raising Backyard Chickens
B If you allowed the chickens out during the day, make sure to properly
close and secure the door at dusk to protect from predators.
3hat $o *o 7n a ,onthly Basis
B 9hange the coop and nest bedding for sanitary purposes. @0cessive
accumulation of ammonia pose serious health risks to chicken and can lead to
respiratory problems.
B 8emove feces and store in a compost bin before using it as fertili:er.
3hat $o *o 7n a Bi=Annual Basis
B Make sure to conduct a general cleaning at least twice a year or when
you feel its already needed. !coop, clean and remove all the nest materials,
beddings and clean the water and feed containers. It is recommended to use a
mi0ture of #& parts water, # part bleach and # part citrus dish soap for your
clean.
3hat 67$ to "eed to Your Chickens
As mentioned in the previous chapter, one of the great benefits of raising
chickens is ma0imi:ing any unwanted leftover food. 5owever, there are certain
food products that you should not feed to your flock. 5ere is a list of what -./
to feed*
B Any type of citrus fruits and peels, as it can cause decline in egg
production
B 3ones
B Any large meat serving or rotten meat
B .nion and garlic, as it will affect the egg taste
B Avocado skin and pit
B 9hocolate
B 8aw potato skin
B ,ong cut grass
B "affodils and Morning Nlories may be poisonous to chickens
:*Your Ultimate Cheat Sheet For Raising Backyard Chickens
3inter -recaution
If your region e0perience cold winters, you need to make necessary
precautions to keep your flock safe and healthy. 5ere are some guidelines*
B Croperly protect the wattles and combs from frostbites by simply
rubbing on a small amount of petroleum +elly or any other heavy moisturi:er
every several days or so.
B Make sure the water supply is not fro:en. 9hickens will not be able to live
without water for long. Its generally best to serve warm water.
Summer -recautions
As already mentioned, e0cessive heat can pose serious risks to chickens, and
can lead to premature death.
B Crovide ample supply of water.
B Crovide shade
B Crovide ade6uate ventilation, as necessary
$he Use of "ertili;ers > ?$urf Builders?
If you are allowing your flock to freely range, make sure to abstain from
applying any fertili:er or turf builders. /hese products generally contain
herbicides and pesticides, and other to0ic chemicals, which can pose serious
health risks and contribute to ailments. se organic fertili:ers instead.
3hat to *o if Your Chickens et Sick
Most ailments are curable but early detection is critically important. If your
suspect one of your chicken is sick, make sure to 6uarantine it for
precautionary measure. /his will help prevent any disease from spreading. .f
:/Your Ultimate Cheat Sheet For Raising Backyard Chickens
course, you need to make sure the isolated chicken has access to food and
water. 5ere are some of the common signs to look out for that indicate illness*
B Oisible mites
B Mangy appearance
B Abnormal stool 1 look out for blood, visible worms, all white droppings
or diarrhea
B ,oss of energy
B ,oss of appetite
B !tunted growth
5owever, there are certain things that may seem unusual but are -./ e0actly
cause for worry*
B !mall eggs with weak shells on the first few weeks. !ome eggs do not
even have shells. /his is perfectly normal and is not a sign of disease.
B !mall specks of blood in eggs. If there is a significant amount of blood,
thats something you need to look into.
B ,oss of feathers. It is normal of chickens to lose and re2grow feathers
once a year. /his phase is called <molting=, at which time they will also not lay
eggs.
*ealing !ith *eath
"eath among pets and animals is always a terrible thing, chickens are definitely
not an e0ception to this. If you have lost a chicken to old age or a predator
attack, bury it, as you would ordinarily do with other pet. "ig a hole about
several feet to bury it.
Chicken "eeding uide
8egardless of whether you are raising chickens for their meat, eggs, or +ust for
the heck of it, it is important to provide your backyard flock with the right
poultry diet to ensure optimal growth, proper weight gain and ma0imum egg
production. /here are readily available pre2formulated chicken feeds you can
purchase from any feed store.
$ypes of "eeds and "eeding Schedules
Hust like human beings, chickens also have specific nutrient needs at varying
stages in their life.
Raising for Eggs
If you are raising layer hens, you need to provide the baby chicks a starter feed
with '& to '' percent protein level on its first F si0 weeks of life. >ou can then
move into feeling them pullet grower, which has #( to #) percent protein up
until they reach '& weeks. After that, you will need to switch them to layer
feeds with #) to #G percent protein.
Money2!aving /ip* ,ayer feeds are generally more e0pensive. /o cut cost, you
can substitute P pound of your feeds with P pound of grain like corn or barley
every day.
Raising for Meat
Crovide broiler starter feeds with '& to '( percent protein of its first F months
of life. >ou can then switch you finisher feeds, which contains #F to '& percent
protein until they are slaughtered.
Feed Portions
/he amount of rations will depend of age and feeling method. !ome people
simply leave food buffet2style all day so chickens can eat whenever they want.
.thers portion food ' to ? times a day.
/he recommended portions are as follows*
8aising for @ggs
B 9hick !tarter 1 '& pounds per week for every #& chicks
B Culler Nrower 22 #'& to #?& pounds per week for every #& chickens
B ,ayer ;eed 22 G to '( pounds per week for every #& chickens
8aising for Meat
;4Your Ultimate Cheat Sheet For Raising Backyard Chickens
B 3roiler !tarter 22 ?& to )& pounds per week for every #& chicks
B 3roiler ;inish 22 #F to '& pounds per week for every #& chicks
"eeding Chickens for ,a4imum :gg -roduction
B Mash and grain system. Crovide finely ground grains mi0ed in your hens
daily diet. Adding grains before their time to roost can help in allowing them to
stay warmer and comfortable during the night.
B Nrit. Adding grit can aid in the processing of grains and improve
digestion. Make sure to have grits readily available to help hens efficiently
digest their food.
B /oo much grain lowers egg production. ;eeding too much grain can
increase weight, which can affect egg production so its a good idea to add grit
to contribute to bulk.
B 9alcium. /his mineral is re6uired to ensure proper formation of strong
eggshells. >ou can provide additional calcium in the form of oyster shells.
B Water. @gg production can significantly suffer if water supply is
inade6uate. Make sure to keep water clean at all times to prevent the spread
of diseases.
$op &8 $ips on Reducing :nergy Costs
If you are raising chickens for business, you naturally want to rake in
substantial income. .ne of the ma+or overhead costs you will need to contend
with is the use of electricity, especially during brooding. Inade6uate heat can
affect productivity and increase respiratory problems, which means you dont
want to sacrifice the use of energy.
5ere are some tips to help you cut down to consumption costs and usage*
#. Croperly insulate poultry houses
'. Install and maintain vapor barriers
?. !top any air leaks
(. Weather 1strip all openings
). Invest in a thermostat for more accurate monitoring of temperature
F. Oentilate properly
%. 9lean and maintain all ceiling fans and shutters used
G. 8educe temperature gradually
$. ,ower the light intensity
#&. se energy2efficient bulbs and light reflectors
Ho! to Cull Your Chickens
9ulling is another term that refers to harvesting or weeding out and getting rid
of any inferior or unwanted chicken, especially if your flock is already over2
populated.
When raising chickens, you will be able to notice certain chickens that are
inferior or unproductive. If you are raising for meat, you can check out those
that do not seem to grow as fast as its companions. If your are raising for eggs,
notice hens that do not produce as much eggs compared to others.
Benefits of Culling
B 8educe the risk of spread of disease
B 8esults to food, water space for the productive chickens
B Increases the growth rate of the flock
B Increases living space
Ho! to Spot 6on=-roducing and %nferior Chickens2
B ;eathers. ,aying hens are e0pected to be worn, dirty and ragged looking
since their energies are concentrated on laying eggs instead of preening.
9onsiderably clean hens can indicate less egg production.
B 9ombs and Wattles. Most non2producing hens have pale, scaly and
shriveled combs and wattles.
B Cubic 3ones. 8igid pubic bones indicate limited productivity. Cubic bones
should be fle0ible and allows you to fit ' to ? fingers in between.
B Oent. Cull up the tail feathers, if oval, large and moist, it indicates the hen
is laying well while round, tight and dry ones are non2layers.
B 9arriage. Nood egg2layers are generally alert and not la:y or listless.
Chicken Health
/o ensure ma0imum production, you naturally want to keep your flock healthy.
3elow are some pointers to help you.
-reventing %llness
B Avoid overcrowding your chicken coop
B Make sure your chickens have easy access to clean water at all times
B !aniti:e the feeders and waterers regularly
B @liminate rodents
B Crevent chickens from getting their feet or their droppings on water and
feed supplies
B Minimi:e e0posure of one flock from the other flocks
B Avoid stress on your flock to a minimum level.
6utritional Supplements for Your Chickens
,ike humans, it is also a good idea to provide your flock vitamin supplements.
5ere are the recommended guidelines*

B 9alcium. 9rucial for layers, but not so necessary for non2layers.
B !alt. -ot so necessary and should be used with e0treme caution as it
could prove fatal.
B Chosphorous. -ot so necessary but re6uired in assisting in the proper
metabolism of calcium.
B Nrit. Important to aid in proper digestion since chickens dont have teeth.
B Oitamin ". /his is critically important to ensure proper absorption of
phosphorus and calcium.
B Oitamin A. -ot so important but is vital for chick viability and good hatch
ability of hens.
B 8iboflavin. Important since Oitamin 3 is often deficient in normal feeds.
B Oitamin @. -eeded in the proper protection from diseases.
;:Your Ultimate Cheat Sheet For Raising Backyard Chickens

Chapter @ Reaping the Harvest
-ow that you are fully educated on the proper care and maintenance of your
backyard flock, its time to educate yourself in reaping the harvest and en+oying
your hard work. /he following articles will assist you in the proper harvest,
storage and sale of eggs and meats from chickens.
Harvesting the :ggs
.ne of the great +oys of raising chickens is the access to fresh eggs, which no
supermarket eggs can ever hope to compare.
5ere are some of the things you need for
harvesting eggs*
B -esting bo0. Crovide your hens a safe and
comfortable location to lay their eggs.
B ;ake eggs. /his will help direct hens
where they should lay their eggs.
B @gg2layer food. /o provide your hen
proper nutrition re6uired for ma0imum
productivity.
B !oluble grit. Crovides calcium to aid
proper shell development.
;;Your Ultimate Cheat Sheet For Raising Backyard Chickens
$ypes of :ggs
-o two eggs are the same. In fact, there are available in many shapes, colors
and si:es depending on the chicken breed. /he !"A has provided guidelines
on proper egg si:ing. If you are planning to sell your eggs, refer to the pointers
below*
B !mall @ggs* Weighs #G o: per do:en
B Medium @ggs* Weighs '# o: per do:en
B ,arge @ggs* Weighs '( o: per do:en
B @0tra ,arge @ggs* Weighs '% o: per do:en
B Humbo @ggs* Weighs ?& o: per do:en
*ealing !ith Broody Hens
/he term <broody= basically refers to hens that are fi0ated on hatching eggs.
In generally, you will want to avoid your flock of hens from getting brooding,
otherwise their egg production can potentially drop down to :ero. When a hen
is broody, her body goes into incubator mode instead of producer mode.
Common signs of #roody hens2
B 8efusal to leave nests to drink, eat or poop
B !6uawks and snaps at you if you attempt to take an egg out from the
nest
B Appears in trace while sitting and waiting for her eggs to hatch
9ommercial layers have little inclination to incubate eggs, so you may only deal
with broody hens every once in a while. 5ere are some ideas to deal with
broodiness*
B 9ollect eggs as soon as they are laid
B 8emove hen from sitting on her nest if she refuses to sit there
B 8emove the nest so she has no place to sit and roost
B /ransfer the hen to a different coop, run or pen to allow her to reorient
herself
:gg Cleaning
In general, people dont want to eat or cook with eggs with dirty shells, since
dirt usually composed of manure and mud. @ggs come with a natural protective
coating called the <bloom= that covers the outside shell, which prevents
moisture from leaving and reduces the risks of bacterial contamination. /he
best solution is to avoid eggs from getting dirty so there is no need to clean it.
5ere are some measures you can follow*
B Maintain the nest, coop and runs clean and dry
B Avoid overcrowding your hens
B Crovide ample number of nest bo0es for hens Lallow no more than (
hens for every nestM
B "o not allow hens to roost over the nest
B ,ine the nest with liners or shavings
B Curchase nests with removable bottoms for cleaning convenience
;or eggs that are overly soiled, it is recommended to simply throw it in the
compost pile. /his is because eggshells are porous and bacteria can penetrate
the egg. ;or slightly dusty or dirty eggs, you can gently clean it with soap and
water.
.illing and -icking ,eat Birds
While harvesting eggs are fairly simple, butchering will re6uire more effort,
which makes it not suited for everyone. Many people love to eat meat but
want to avoid from the process of turning live animals into food. 5ere are
some of the times you will need to butcher chickens*
;(Your Ultimate Cheat Sheet For Raising Backyard Chickens
B 3utchering mature hens that are no longer productive
B 3utchering cockerels when purchasing straight2run chicks
B 3utchering chickens if the sole purpose of raising them
When butchering meat, you want to produce tasty and tender meat, so you
need to butcher pullets or cockerels before they can grow into hens and
roosters. With this in mind, you need to plan to butcher before it reaches '&
weeks.
Humane $echni1ues
/here are humane techni6ues to properly end the life of chickens. 5ere are
your goals*
B Make sure the process is 6uick
B Crevent any involuntary reactions in the nervous system that will make
plucking feathers more difficult
B Crevent fecal or blood or any type of contamination in the muscle tissue
B !eparate the act of killing in order to avoid the risk of stressing the rest
of the flock
It is recommended to remove any access to feeds from chickens you plan to
butcher at least #' hours before killing them. /his is to avoid partially digested
food that may be sour when you butcher them. 5ere are some recommended
techni6ues for killing chickens*
Using an A4e
#. ;ind an area where cleanup will be easier for you
'. 5old the chicken on the legs using one hand
?. ,ay the neck and head on the flat surface
(. se one solid swing to sever the neck entirely
). 5and or hold the chicken upside down until all refle0 twitching stop and
the blood is drained
Downsides of using axe:
;*Your Ultimate Cheat Sheet For Raising Backyard Chickens
B sing an a0e will sever the spinal cord, which will cause the chicken to
tense, making plucking considerably difficult.
B sing an a0e can sever the +ugular vein, which may result to
contamination of blood on muscles and lungs
B If the +ugular is e0posed, post2mortem twitching can result to significant
blood splatter, causing more mess
Using a .nife
If you are planning to kill a number of chickens, using a knife is the most
efficient method available. 5ere are the steps*
#. sing a twine, hang the chicken upside down by its feet
'. With one hand, firmly pull down the beak and head so the neck is
stretched out
?. sing your free hand, make a '2inch incision on the either side of the
neck in order to sever the +ugular
(. "o not cut all through the spinal cord
). Allow its heart to pump out and drain blood
*islocating the 6eck
/his is the oldest method used for killing chickens, which results to instant
paralysis and death. 5ere is the step2by2step guide*
#. 5old the legs of the chicken with one hand
'. ;irmly grasp the neck using the free hand, +ust right below its head
?. !lightly tilt the head backward
(. Cull the head away from its body until the neck will dislocate
). 9ontinue holding the body until it stops twitching
F. 5and the chicken upside down
%. 9ut either sides of the neck to drain the blood
/his method will re6uire a significant amount of strength than using a knife or
a0e. 5owever, one advantage of this techni6ue is the reduction of the
possibility of tensing and risk of blood contamination.
;/Your Ultimate Cheat Sheet For Raising Backyard Chickens
-lucking "eathers
After killing the chicken, the ne0t step is to remove all its feathers. /his process
is either called <plucking= or <picking=. As soon as the blood is drained, you will
want to immediately remove the feathers immediately before the chicken
stiffens, making it difficult to pluck the feathers. In order to avoid delay
between killing and plucking, here are some tips*
B .nly kill as many chickens a s you can possibly pluck, typically ' to (
B se a de2feathering gear ready before you starting killing the chickens
B If you are planning to scald, make sure you have water boiling and ready
before killing.
Techniques for Removing Feathers
/here are several techni6ues you can use to efficiently remove feathers such as
enumerated below*
"ry Cick
/his is a straightforward method. >ou simple need to*
#. Ideally, you need to start while the dead chicken is still warm
'. Wear runner gloves to firmly grip the feathers
?. Cull feathers using hands
(. >ou can use twee:ers to pull stubborn feathers
>ou will not be able to remove #&&D of the small feathers and fine hairs. If you
are planning to serve or sell the chicken with its skin on, use a kitchen torch to
easily singe off the hairs.
!cald and Cick
/his is the most common techni6ue used to remove feathers. It is basically the
same with dry picking but you need to dunk the chicken briefly in boiling or hot
water to loosen up its feathers. 5ere is the detailed process*
#. ;ill up a large stock pot up to 'J? full of water Ldo not completely fill to
avoid spillsM
'. 5ead the water to the appropriate temperature*
B #')I ; 1 #?&I ;* semi2scald while keeping the skin intact, with very minimal
impact on the tenderness of meat
B #?GI; 1 #(&I ;* sub2scald used to loosen up the feathers better, it will also
loosen up the skin and slightly toughens the meat
B #(&I;1 #)&I ;* full2scald which will loosen up most of the feathers, and
most likely to tear up the skin as well as toughen the meat
?. >ou can optionally add a very small dash of dishwashing soap to allow
water to penetrate in between the feathers.
(. 5old the chicken by its legs and dunk completely under the water,
moving the body up and down the water for about ?& seconds.
). /est one large feather to check if it pulls out easily. "unk a little longer if
its still tough.
F. Move the chicken to a cold bath to cool down the feathers before
picking it by hand.
Wa0ing
/his techni6ue uses the same concept used in removing hair among females
using paraffin wa0. >ou will generally need about Q pound wa0 for every bird.
/his process is considerably more e0pensive that other techni6ues. 5ere are
the steps*
#. ;ill a large diameter pan with wa0.
'. sing another larger diameter pan, fill it with ' inches water the place
the first pan on the larger one to heat the wa0 until fully melted.
?. 9over all feathers with wa0 and dunk in cold water to harden the ma0.
(. !imply peel off the hardened wa0 to remove all feathers.
/o limit wastage, you can melt the ma0 again, which will automatically separate
the feathers, allowing you the option to recycle the wa0.
Butchering ,eat Birds
/his process is typically performed right after all feathers are removed,
although some people prefer to cool the chicken first. @ither way, the process
is basically the same. >ou will use a sharp knife and a pair of sharp kitchen
shears. 5ere is the process*
#. 8emove the feet
'. 8emove its oil glands
?. 8emove the head and neck, crop and its windpipe
(. !eparate the vent from its body
). 8emove all the internal organs and separate giblets
F. 8inse the chicken well
%. 9ool the chicken
G. Age the chicken
$. 9ut into pieces
#&. Cack and store meat
Storing Chicken ,eat
>ou can store freshly butchered chicken up to ) days in the refrigerator,
provided you maintain a temperature of ?(I ; or lower. If you want to keep the
chicken longer, you need to free:e below &I ;. Eeep in mind that chicken meat
should not be kept fro:en more than F months.
It is recommended to use deep free:ers since constant fluctuation of
temperature will make the meat more susceptible to free:er burn, loss of
flavor and tenderness as well as bacterial growth.
>ou can also consider investing and purchasing a vacuum sealer to ensure the
meat is fro:en well and prevent e0posure to air, allowing you to seal in its
moisture and avoid free:er burn.
Conclusion
-ow that you have a good understanding on the cost, type of care and
maintenance of raising chickens, you probably understand why more and more
people engage in this venture. It is a fairly easy, yet highly rewarding business
opportunity you can consider.
Whats ne0t? No ahead and get busy planning7
2 3ackyard5en5ouse.com

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