L

L
A
A
P
P
O
O
R
R
A
A
N
N
S
S
T
T
A
A
T
T
I
I
S
S
T
T
I
I
K
K

D
D
A
A
S
S
A
A
N
N
U
U
B
B
A
A
T
T
N
N
A
A
S
S
I
I
O
O
N
N
A
A
L
L

(
(
D
D
U
U
N
N
A
A
S
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)
)


2
2
0
0
0
0
9
9
-
-
2
2
0
0
1
1
1
1







BAHAGIAN PERKHIDMATAN FARMASI
KEMENTERIAN KESIHATAN MALAYSIA
STATISTIK 5: DUNAS

A) DUNAS BACKGROUND INDICATORS YEAR (2009 - 2011) (TBC* = to be collected)

NO BACKGROUND INFORMATION 2009 2010 2011 NO BACKGROUND INFORMATION 2009 2010 2011
1 Total population
28,306,700
(Preliminary)
28,334,100
(Bancian
Penuh)
28,728,607
(Anggaran
Julai 2011)
2
Average annual growth of the
population (%)
2.10 2.17 TBC*
3
Percentage of the total population
living in urban areas (%)
63.3 63.4 TBC* 4 Life expectancy (years)
71.7 (L);
76.5 (P)
71.7 (L);
76.6 (P)
TBC*
5 GNP per capita (RM) 24,055 26,355 28,725 6
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live
births)
7
6.3
(preliminary)
TBC*
7
Total public drug expenditure
*

(000,000) (RM) (expenditures from all public
sectors)
1,855 2,016 2,171 8 Total number of pharmacists (registered) 7,298 8,052 8,993
9
Total number of drug manufacturing
units in the country
74 67 71 10
Total number of wholesalers in the
country (poison Wholesaler)
481 517 533
11
Total number of pharmacies and drug
outlets in the public sector (including
health facilities and hospitals that
dispense drugs)
946 1,000 TBC* 12
Total number of pharmacies and drug
outlets in the private sector (Retail
pharmacy + retail & w/sale pharmacy) - licensed
only
2,030 2,066 1,943
13
Total number of private pharmacies
and drug outlets in the three major
urban areas (Penang, Selangor ,WP Kuala
Lumpur number of private pharmacies only)
820 865 938 14
Total number of registered drugs (in
dosage forms and strengths)
23,278 23,741 23,580
15
Total number of drugs on the national
essential drugs list (in INN)
288 288 288


B) DUNAS STRUCTURAL INDICATORS YEAR (2009 - 2011)

NO STRUCTURAL INDICATORS 2009 2010 2011 NO STRUCTURAL INDICATORS 2009 2010 2011
1
Is there an official national drug policy document
updated in the past 10 years?
Yes Yes Yes 2
Is there drug legislation updated in the past 10
years?
Yes Yes Yes
3
Have regulations based on the drug legislation
been issued?
Yes Yes Yes 4
Is there a drug regulatory authority whose
mandate includes registration and inspection?
Yes Yes Yes
5
Is there a licensing system to regulate the sale of
drugs (wholesalers, pharmacists, retailers)?
Yes Yes Yes
6
Are pharmacists legally entitled to substitute
generic drugs for brand name products?
Yes
(Public)
/ No
(Private)
Yes
(Public)
/ No
(Private)
Yes
(Public)
/ No
(Private)
7 Are there legal provisions for penal sanction? Yes Yes Yes
8
Is there a checklist for carrying out inspections in
different types of pharmaceutical establishments?
Yes Yes Yes 9
Are there any institutions within/outside the
country where quality control is carried out?
Yes Yes Yes
NO STRUCTURAL INDICATORS 2009 2010 2011 NO STRUCTURAL INDICATORS 2009 2010 2011
10
Is the WHO Certification Scheme on the Quality of
Pharmaceutical Products Moving in International
Commerce used systematically?
Yes Yes Yes 11
Are there controls on drug promotion based on
regulations and consistent with the WHO Ethical
Criteria for Medicinal Drug Promotion?
Yes Yes Yes
12
Is there a national essential drugs list
(EDL)/formulary using INN officially adopted
and distributed countrywide?
Yes Yes Yes 13
Is there an official drug committee whose duties
include updating the national essential drug list
(EDL)?
Yes Yes Yes
14
Has the national essential drugs list
(EDL)/formulary been updated and distributed
countrywide in the past five years?
Yes Yes Yes 15
Are there formal procedures for registering
drugs?
Yes Yes Yes
16 Is there a drug registration committee? Yes Yes Yes 17
Is drug registrations renewal required at least
every five years?
Yes Yes Yes
18
Is the public drug budget spent per year more
than 20% of the ministry of health operating
budget spent per year for the last three years?
Yes No No 19
Is the public drug budget spent per capita per
year more than US$ 1.00 per year for the last
three years?
Yes Yes Yes
20
Has the public drug budget spent per capita
increased in the last three years?
Yes Yes Yes 21
Are there any financing systems in addition to
the public drug budget that contribute to the
provision of drugs in the public sector?
No No No
22
Are drugs usually procured in the public sector
through competitive tender?
Yes Yes Yes 23
Is there a system for monitoring supplier
performance?
Yes Yes Yes
24
Is most of the tendering done under international
nonproprietary name (INN)?
Yes Yes Yes 25
Is procurement in the public sector limited to
drugs on the national essential drugs list (EDL)?
No No No
26
Is the average lead time (from order to receipt at
central level) less than eight months?
Yes Yes Yes 27
Are good storage practices observed in the
central procurement/distribution unit and/or
major regional warehouses?
Yes Yes Yes
28
Are the stocks for a basket of drugs within their
expiry dates in the central
procurement/distribution unit and/or major
regional warehouses?
Yes Yes Yes 29
Have all incoming products being physically
inspected for the last three deliveries in the
central procurement /distribution
Yes Yes Yes
30
Are only drugs which are on the national
essential drug list (EDL) in stock in the central
procurement/distribution unit and/or in major
regional warehouses?
No No No
31 Are drug prices regulated in the private sector? No No No
32 Is there a system for monitoring drug prices? Yes Yes Yes
33
Are essential drugs under INN or generic name
sold in private drug outlets?
Yes Yes Yes
34
Is there a national publication
(formulary/bulletin/manual, etc.), revised within
the past five years, providing objective
information on drug use?
Yes Yes Yes
35
Is there a national therapeutic guide with
standardized treatments?
Yes Yes Yes
36
Is the concept of essential drugs part of the
curricula in the basic training of health
personnel?
No No No 37
Is there an official continuing education system
on rational use of drugs for prescribers and
dispensers?
Yes Yes Yes
38 Is there a drug information unit/centre? Yes Yes Yes 39 Does the drug information unit/centre (or Yes Yes Yes
40
Are there therapeutic committees in the major
hospitals?
Yes Yes Yes
another independent body) provide regular
information on drugs to prescribers and
dispensers?
41
Are there public education campaigns on drug
use?
Yes Yes Yes 42
Is drug education included in the
primary/secondary school curricula?
No No Yes


C) DUNAS PROCESS INDICATORS YEAR (2009 - 2011) (TBC* = to be collected)

NO PROCESS INDICATORS
2009 2010 2011
VALUE % VALUE % VALUE %
1
Number of drug outlets inspected, out of total number of drug outlets in country
(Drug outlets = Retail pharmacy + retail & w/sale pharmacy + w/sale pharmacy)
2205/2170 101.6 2433/2178 111.7 2229/2330 95.7
2
Number of drug outlets in violation, out of total number of drug outlets inspected
(Drug outlets = Retail pharmacy + retail & w/sale pharmacy + w/sale pharmacy)
228/2205 10.3 294/2433 12.1 204/2229 9.2
3
Number of sanctions and administrative measures implemented, out of total number
of violations identified
228/228 100 294/294 100 204/204 100.0
4
Number of samples routinely collected, out of total number of planned collected
samples (Enforcement & NPCB)
3374/3000 112.5 4153/3100 134 4770/4200 113.6
5 Number of samples tested, out of samples collected (Enforcement & NPCB) TBC* TBC* TBC* TBC* TBC* TBC*
6
Number of advertisements in violation of regulations on the ethical promotion of
drugs, out of total number of advertisements monitored
312/2325 13.4 171/2637 6.5 204/4119 5
7
Number of sanctions implemented for advertisements in violation of regulations, out
of total number of violations identified (Sanctions = not only court cases but warning letters too)
312/312 100 171/171 100 204/204 100
8
Number of locally manufactured drugs sold in the country from the national essential
drugs list (EDL), out of total number of drugs from the national essential drugs list
(EDL)
181/288 62.9 180/288 62.5 185/288 64.2
9
Number of combination drugs newly registered, out of total number of newly
registered drugs
26/82 31.7 19/61 31.1 19/53 35.8
10
Value of public drug budget spent per capita in the last year, out of average value of
the same budget during the past three years
*According to WHO, in a normal situation, the rate should never be less than 100%, as the public drug budget
should not decrease
65.52 per
capita
65.52/62.18
x 100%
= 105.4
71.14 per
capita
71.14/65.12
x 100%
= 109.2
75.57 per
capita
75.57/68.57
x 100%
= 110.2
11
Public drug budget spent by major hospitals, out of public drug budget spent
(5 major hospitals: KL, Penang, Ipoh, JB and Klang - HKL, H Penang, H Sultanah Aminah JB, HTAR & H Raja
Permaisuri Bainun Ipoh)
325,422,361.21/
1,854,600,065.61
17.5
340,166,804.12/
2,015,580,017.75
16.9
383,761,574.65/
2,171,101,575.19
17.7
12
Public drug budget spent, out of public drug budget allocated
Million - MYR (Public drug budget allocated refers to budget initially allocated at the beginning of the year)
1855/1887 98.3 2016 /2137 94.3 2171 /2262 96.0
13
Average time between order and delivery from central store to remote facilities in the
last year, out of average time between order and delivery in the past three years (*)
Unit: days (mean)
*According to WHO, if there are improvements in the distribution system, the rate will be less than 100%
26.9
26.9/30.567
x 100%
= 88
18.5
18.5/29.733
x 100%
= 62.2
17.92
17.92/25.9 x
100%
= 69.2
14
Average stockout duration for a basket of drugs in the central and/or regional stores
in the last year, out of average stockout duration for the same basket in the past three
years (*) Unit: days (mean)
*According to WHO, if stock management has improved the rate will be lower than 100%
16.6
16.6/21.933
x 100%
= 75.7
12
12/21.9
x 100%
= 54.8
10.67
10.67/17.83
x100%
= 59.8
15
Average stockout duration for a basket of drugs in a sample of remote facilities in the
last year, out of average stockout duration for the same basket in the past three years
(*) Unit: days (mean) *According to WHO, if the rate is lower than 100%, it suggest that the distribution
system and the management of drugs at local level are improving
18.5
18.5/13.167
x 100%
= 140.5
18.3
18.3/15.267
x 100%
= 119.9
8.81
8.81/17.5
x 100%
= 50.3
16
Average expenditure per prescription, out of average expenditure per prescription in
the past 3 years (*) (Public only)
* Values in the current year. Unit: RM (median)
*13 TBC* TBC*


D) DUNAS OUTCOME INDICATORS YEAR (2009 - 2011)
(TBC* = to be collected)
E) TOTAL DRUG EXPENDITURES (2009 - 2011) (TBC* = to be collected)
NO
OUTCOME
INDICATORS
2009 2010 2011 TOTAL EXPENDITURE 2009 2010 2011
V % V % V % MOH (RM) 1,402,352,266.89 1,605,545,650.92 1,767,616,453.00
1
Number of drugs at
the lowest price from
a basket of drugs, out
of total number of
drugs in the same
basket (*).
Private pharmacies &
hospitals only

120/
450
26.7
161/
514
31.3
Other Public Agencies (RM) 452,247,798.72 410,034,366.83 403,485,122.02

Total Public (MOH & Other
Public Agencies) (RM)
1,854,600,065.61 2,015,580,017.75 2,171,101,575.02
Private (RM) 1,136,690,000.00 TBC* TBC*

Grand Total (Public &
Private) (RM)
2,991,290,065.61 TBC* TBC*
2
Number of drugs
beyond the expiry
date, out of the total
number of drugs
surveyed (*)
(public & private)

1/
450
0.2
0/
514
0.0
Population (Million) 28.31 28.33 28.73
Per Capita Spent (RM)
1
105.66 TBC* TBC*
MOH Operating Budget (RM) 11,433,169,900 11,764,733,400 TBC*

% MOH Drug Spent to
Operating Budget
2

12.27 13.65 TBC*
3
Average number of
drugs per
prescriptions (*)
Public only. Unit:
Median
3.0 TBC* TBC*
(1) : Per Capita Spent: Total expenditure (RM) divided by population (million)
(2) :

% MOH Drug spent to Operating Budget = MOH Expenditure (RM) divided by MOH Operating Budget
(Health Facts) x 100%


PETUNJUK : V = Value