LAB 3: DC Simulations and Circuit Modeling: ADS Fundamentals - 2009

ADS Fundamentals 2009
LAB 3: DC Simulations and Circuit Modeling

0veiview - This chaptei intiouuces paiametiic subnetwoiks: how to cieate anu use
them in hieiaichical uesigns. Beginning with a uevice mouel, the lowest level
subnetwoik will also contain packaging paiasitics to bettei mouel the uevice behavioi.
Also, a test template will be useu to simulate cuive tiacei iesponses fiom which a bias
netwoik can be computeu, built, anu checkeu. The ciicuit in this lab exeicise will be the
founuation of the amplifiei that will be useu foi the othei lab exeicises in this couise.

OBJECTIVES
Nouel a geneiic B}T with paiasitics anu save it as a sub ciicuit.
Set up anu iun numeious BC simulations to ueteimine peifoimance.
Calculate bias iesistoi values in the uata uisplay.
Builu a biaseu netwoik baseu on the BC simulations.
Test the biaseu netwoik.

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Lab 3: DC Simulations

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Table of Contents

1. Create a new project: amp_1900. ........................................................................ 3
2. Set up a generic BJT symbol and model card. .................................................... 3
3. Add parasitics and connectors to the circuit......................................................... 6
4. View the default symbol. ...................................................................................... 7
5. Define the symbol and artwork in Design Parameters. ........................................ 7
6. Use a curve tracer template to test the bjt_pkg sub-circuit. ................................. 9
7. Modify the template Parameter Sweep. ............................................................. 11
8. Simulate at beta=100 and 160. .......................................................................... 11
9. Open a new design and view the project in the Main window............................ 12
10. Set up and simulate the dc bias parameter sweep. ........................................ 14
11. Calculate bias values Rb and Rc for a grounded-emitter circuit. .................... 15
12. Set up the biased network. ............................................................................. 16
13. Simulate and annotate the DC solution. ........................................................ 17
14. OPTIONAL: Sweep Component Model Temperatures................................... 18

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PR0CEB0RE
The ciicuit you builu foi this lab exeicise will be useu as the lowei level sub-ciicuit foi
all of the amplifiei labs to follow.
"# $%&'(& ' )&* +%,-&.(/ '0+1"233#
a. If you have not alieauy cieateu this pioject, uo it now. Then, in this new
pioject, '0+1"233, open a new schematic winuow anu save it with the
name: 4-(1+56. Also, set any uesiieu 0ptions > Piefeiences.
7# 8&( 9+ ' 6&)&%:. ;<= >?04,@ ')A 0,A&@ .'%A#
a. In the schematic winuow, select the palette: B&C:.&>D;<=. Select the
;<=1EFE uevice shown heie anu inseit it onto the schematic.
b. Inseit the ;<=1G,A&@ (mouel caiu) shown heie.

c. Bouble click on the ;<=1G,A&@ caiu. When the uialog appeais, click
$,0+,)&)( H+(:,)> anu in the next uialog, click $@&'% I@@ foi paiametei
visibility - then click I++@?. This will iemove the uummel-Poon
paiametei list fiom the schematic. Keep this uialog open.
EH=J ,) ;:)):)6: You can inseit multiple mouel caius anu use the BinNouel
component to vaiy the mouel uevice vaiiations. These vaiiations can be paiameteis
such as tempeiatuie, length oi wiuth. The Binning component allows you to cieate a
matiix that iefeiences the uesiieu mouels.
EH=J/ =K& ;<=1EFE >?04,@ >K,*>
G,A&@ L ;<=G"# =K:> 0&')> (K& >?04,@
*:@@ 9>& (K'( >+&.:M:. 0,A&@ N0,A&@
.'%AO M,% >:09@'(:,)#

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u. Next, in ;<=1G,A&@ uialog, select the ;M paiametei anu type in the woiu
4&(' as shown heie. Also, click the small box/ B:>+@'? +'%'0&(&% ,)
>.K&0'(:. foi ;M only anu then click I++@?. Beta is now a paiametei of
this ciicuit - latei on you will tune it like a vaiiable.

e. Set P'M (Foiwaiu Eaily voltage) L Q3 anu uisplay it.
f. Set R>& (E-B leakage) = 3#37&S"7, anu uisplay it. Then close the uialog
uialog with HT. The uevice now has some moie iealistic paiameteis.
paiameteis.
g. Foi the ;<=1EFE A&C:.& >?04,@, iemove the unwanteu uisplay
paiameteis (Aiea, Region, Temp anu Noue) by unchecking the box. This
box. This will make the schematic less ciowueu with text.
Click heie to
uisplay an
inuiviuual value.
0se Component
0ptions to cleai all the
uisplayeu paiameteis.

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U# IAA +'%'>:(:.> ')A .,))&.(,%> (, (K& .:%.9:(#
The pictuie shown heie is the completeu sub-ciicuit with connectois anu paiasitics.
Remembei to use the %,('(& :.,) foi oiientation of the components as you inseit them.
Beie aie the steps:
a. Inseit lumpeu L anu C components: Inseit thiee leau inuuctois of U73 +V
each anu two junction capacitois of "73 MW each. Be suie to use the
coiiect units (pico anu femto) oi youi ciicuit will not have the coiiect
iesponse. Tip: type L oi C in component histoiy to get the components
onto youi cuisoi without using the palette.
b. Auu some iesistance XL 3#3" ,K0> to the base leau inuuctoi anu uisplay
the uesiieu component values as shown.
c. Inseit poit connectois: Click the poit connectoi icon (shown heie)
heie) anu :)>&%( (K& .,))&.(,%> &Y'.(@? :) (K:> ,%A&%: 1) collectoi,
collectoi, 2) base, S) emittei. You must uo this so that the connectois
connectois have the exact same pin configuiation as the ABS B}T
B}T symbol.
u. Euit the poit names as show heie: change P1 to $, change P2 to ;, anu
change PS to J.
e. Clean up the schematic: Position the components so that the schematic is
oiganizeu - this is goou piactice. To move component text, piess the WQ
key, >&@&.( (K& .,0+,)&)(, anu position the text using the cuisoi.

N0TE: Numbei the
poits (num=)
exactly as shown oi
the uevice will not
have the coiiect
oiientation foi the
symbol that will be
cieateu.

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Befault symbol
Z# P:&* (K& A&M'9@( >?04,@#
Theie aie thiee ways to cieate a symbol foi a ciicuit: 1) use the uefault
symbol, 2) uiaw a symbol, oi S) use a built-in symbol. Foi this lab you will
use a built-in B}T symbol. The following steps show how to uo this:
a. To see the uefault symbol, click/ P:&* [ $%&'(&\JA:( 8.K&0'(:. 8?04,@.
When the Symbol ueneiatoi uialog appeais, click HT anu the uefault
symbol will appeai.
b. Next, a box oi iectangle with thiee
thiee poits is geneiateu: uefault
symbol. Bowevei, uelete this symbol
symbol using the commanus: 8&@&.(
8&@&.( [ 8&@&.( I@@. Then click the
the (%'>K .') icon oi uelete key.
key.
c. Retuin to the schematic - click: P:&*
click: P:&* [ $%&'(&\JA:( 8.K&0'(:..
Q# B&M:)& (K& >?04,@ ')A '%(*,%5 :) B&>:6) F'%'0&(&%>#
F'%'0&(&%>#
a. Click W:@&[ B&>:6) F'%'0&(&%> anu the uialog appeais
b. In the ]&)&%'@ ('4, make theses changes: 1) change the Component
Instance Name to ^, 2) change the Symbol Name to 8_G1;<=1EFE by
clicking the aiiow anu selecting it (this is the built-in symbol), S) in the
Built-in symbol:
SYN_B}T_NPN
S0T2S fixeu aitwoik

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Aitwoik fielu, select W:Y&A anu 8H=7U as shown heie.
c. Click 8'C& IJ` W:@& to wiite these changes but uo not close this uialog yet
because you still neeu to set othei paiameteis.
u. uo to the F'%'0&(&%> ('4# In !"# Paiametei Name aiea, type in 4&(' anu
assign a uefault value of "33 by clicking the IAA button. Be suie the box
to B:>+@'? the paiametei is checkeu as shown heie. Click the HT button
to save the new uefinitions anu uismiss the uialog.

e. In the schematic winuow, 8'C& the uesign (click the icon
shown heie) to make suie all youi woik cieating this sub-
ciicuit will not be lost. In the next steps, you will see how
the Besign Paiameteis will be useu.
The paiametei !"#$ is now
iecognizeu as a vaiiable of
this ciicuit. Its value can
now be passeu (assigneu)
fiom an uppei level
hieiaichy when you use
bjt_pkg as a sub-ciicuit.
N0TES: multiplicity _N
You can uefine multiple
components in paiallel. You can
also copy paiameteis fiom
anothei uevice oi file.

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a# b>& ' .9%C& (%'.&% (&0+@'(& (, (&>( (K& 4-(1+56 >94S.:%.9:(#
a. In the cuiient schematic of the bjt_pkg, click W:@& [ E&* B&>:6). When
the uialog appeais, type in the name: A.1.9%C&> anu select the
;<=1.9%C&1(%'.&% template as shown. Click HT anu a new schematic will
be cieateu with the template, ieauy to inseit bjt_pkg.
This is a uata uisplay
template - it will
automatically plot the
cuives.
This is wheie you
will connect the
uevice (bjt_pkg) in
the next few steps.

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b. Save the uesign anu then click the Component
`:4%'%? icon (shown heie).
c. When the uialog opens, select F%,-&.(> [ I0+
"233 anu then click anu uiag the 4-(1+56 into the
schematic anu inseit it as shown heie. Eveiy ciicuit that you builu will be
available in the pioject libiaiy as a sub-ciicuit.

u. Connect the 4-(1+56 component
as shown. You may have to aujust
the wiies anu text (FS) to make it
look goou. Also, you can now
.@,>& (K& @:4%'%? *:)A,* anu
save the uc_cuives uesign again -
it is goou piactice to save uesigns
often.

EH=J ,) (&0+@'(&>: You can also inseit templates using
the schematic winuow commanu: Inseit > Template. Nany
templates have pie-uefineu values, noue names (wiie
labels), anu vaiiables. Theiefoie, you may have to make
mouifications to fit youi ciicuit. Also, many of these
templates have uata uisplay templates that automatically
plot the uata in a pie-uefineu foimat. These same uata
uisplay templates aie available in the uata uisplay winuow.
In geneial, using templates is veiy efficient anu timesaving
if you know how to use ABS.

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BC Cuives at beta
= 1uu
c# G,A:M? (K& (&0+@'(& F'%'0&(&% 8*&&+#
a. Change the Paiametei Sweep R;; values to: u uA to 1uu uA in 1u uA steps
as shown heie. Bo not change the BC simulation contiollei uefault
settings foi sweeping vCE - they aie 0K. Notice that the vAR1 vaiiables
(vCE=u anu IBB=u) uo not iequiie mouification because they aie only
iequiieu to initialize (ueclaie) the vaiiable foi the simulatoi.

d# 8:09@'(& '( 4&('L"33 ')A "a3#
a. 8:09@'(& (F7) with ;&(' L "33. Aftei the
simulation is finisheu, the uata uisplay will
will appeai with the cuive tiacei iesults (uata
(uata uisplay template). Tiy moving the maikei
maikei anu watch the upuateu values appeai.
appeai.
b. 8:09@'(& again *:(K ;&(' L "a3 by changing
changing the value uiiectly on the schematic. You shoulu see the upuateu
values.
c. veiify the values foi beta =
16u anu vCE = Sv, wheie
IBB=4u uA anu IC=S mA with
about 1umW of consumeu
powei If not, check the uesign.
Paiametei sweep useu foi
multiple vaiiable sweeps. Note
that BC1 is the name
(SimInstance Name) of the
simulation contiollei.
0nly one vaiiable
can be swept in the
contiollei.
vaiEqn is iequiieu
to initialize
vaiiables.

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Staitup anu Woiking
uiiectoiy icons:
Biue anu
Show icons:
2# H+&) ' )&* A&>:6) ')A C:&* (K& +%,-&.( :) (K& G':) *:)A,*
a. Save the cuiient schematic: A.1.9%C&>. In the same winuow, cieate a
new uesign (without a template) nameu: A.14:'>. Then save the uesign
by clicking on the 8'C& $9%%&)( B&>:6) icon (shown heie) so that it is
wiitten into the ABS uatabase.
b. Also, save the Bata Bisplay.
c. uo to the ABS Nain winuow anu veiify that youi pioject has thiee uesigns
anu the uata uisplay as shown in the Pioject view.
u. Also, look at the File view to see the Bata uiiectoiy wheie the simulation
uatasets aie wiitten. Click on the + to expanu the uiiectoiy foluei anu -
to close it. Anu then look in the netwoiks uiiectoiy foluei - this is wheie
the schematic uesigns (.usn) aie wiitten.

e. Click on the File view anu then the
the Pioject view tabs - notice that the
that the toolbai icons change.
f. In the File view tab moue, click the
the icons foi Staitup anu Woiking uiiectoiy to
uiiectoiy to see how they woik. You
woik. You can always biowse the
the files of any uiiectoiy anu come
come back to youi woiking
uiiectoiy, such as amp_19uu.
amp_19uu.
g. Also tiy the Biue anu Show icons.
Batasets aie in the A'('
foluei, anu schematic
uesigns aie in the
)&(*,%5> foluei.

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"3# 8&( 9+ ')A >:09@'(& (K& A. 4:'> +'%'0&(&% >*&&+#
EH=J ,) +'%'0&(&% >*&&+>: If only one vaiiable is swept, you can use the Simulation
contiollei (Sweep tab). Bowevei, if moie than one paiametei is swept, a Paiametei
sweep component is iequiieu as in the templates you have just useu. In geneial, all
simulation contiolleis allow you to sweep only one paiametei (vaiiable).
B0ILB the ciicuit without a template - the steps follow:
a. Inseit the 4-(1+56 using libiaiy icon oi the component histoiy. Now
+9>K :)(, the bjt_pkg anu click W:@& [ B&>:6) F'%'0&(&%>. Reset the
beta paiametei uefault to 16u, pop out anu A&@&(& the bjt_pkg anu
%&:)>&%( it - beta is now 16u whenevei you use the moueleu ciicuit.
b. Fiom the Piobe components palette oi component histoiy, inseit an
R1F%,4& anu iename it R$ insteau of I_Piobe1 as shown heie. You can
also get the cuiient fiom the simulation by setting the BC contiollei
0utput tab foi Pin Cuiients but the piobe is easy to use in this case.
c. Fiom the 8,9%.&>SW%&e9&).? A,0':) +'@&((& oi using component
histoiy, inseit a uc supply anu cuiient souice anu set theii values as
shown: PA. L U P anu RA. L R;; as shown heie.
u. Wiie the components togethei anu auu the giounu (giounu icon).
e. Inseit a B$ >:09@'(:,) .,)(%,@@&% NBC). Euit (uouble click) the
contiollei anu go to the 8*&&+ ('4 anu assign: R;;/ "3 9I to "33 9I in
"3 9I steps (be suie to use uA units because the sweep tab is geneiic).
Then go to the B:>+@'? ('4 anu check the settings to be uisplayeu as
shown. Then click I++@? anu HT.

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f. Inseit a PIX (click icon) vaiiable equation. 0se the cuisoi on the scieen
to set R;;L3 I to initialize (ueclaie) the vaiiable to be swept.
g. Inseit a wiie label P;J at the base. The voltages at that noue will appeai
in the uataset foi use in calculating bias iesistoi values.
h. 8:09@'(& anu +@,( (K& A'('. When the uata uisplay opens, inseit
a list of vBE anu R$#: only. Because you swept IBB to get these
values, IBB will automatically be incluueu.

EH=J ,) %&>9@(>: As you can see, with S volts acioss the uevice, 4u uA of base cuiient
iesults in about 799mv acioss the base-emittei junction, with about S.S mA of collectoi
cuiient. If you want, uiaw a box aiounu the values at 4u uA IBB.
i. Save the uesign anu uata uisplay.
""# $'@.9@'(& 4:'> C'@9&> X4 ')A X. M,% ' 6%,9)A&AS&0:((&% .:%.9:(#
a. In the uata uisplay, inseit an equation anu type: X4 L NU D P;JO \ R;;.
b. Select the Rb Eqn anu use the keyboaiu $(%@ $ anu $(%@ P to copypaste it
- it will become Rb1.
c. Bighlight the Rb1 equation as shown anu change it
to become Rc: X. L 7 \ R$#:. The total BC supply
will be S volts. Theiefoie, with S volts vCE, 2 volts
iemain foi the collectoi iesistoi.
u. Inseit a new `:>( anu scioll uown to the Je9'(:,)> menu (shown heie),
anu auu X4 anu X.. Then euit both column heauings on the list with a
biacketeu fUg as shown. This iefeiences the 4uuA IBB using its inuex
value |Sj. Inuex values begin at zeio: u, 1, 2, S, etc. You can also use Plot
0ptions to auu a label to the list as shown:

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"7# 8&( 9+ (K& 4:'>&A )&(*,%5#
Now that you have the calculateu bias iesistoi values, you can test the bias netwoik.
a. 8'C& the uesign (uc_bias) with a new name: A.1)&(. By this time, you
shoulu know how to uo this (File > Save Besign As). Also, save anu close
the uc_bias uata uisplay.
4# Nouify the uesign as shown. Begin by ueleting the cuiient souice IBB,
the I_Piobe, anu the vai Eqn.
.# uo to the `90+&A $,0+,)&)(> palette oi use component histoiy, X, to
inseit %&>:>(,%> foi the base (Qa 5HK0) anu collectoi (Q23 HK0)
iesistois as shown. You may neeu to use %,('(& to inseit it coiiectly.
A# Change the instance R names to X$ anu X; as shown.
EH=J ,) .,0+,)&)(> *:(K '%(*,%5: Latei on (aftei the last lab), you can easily anu
quickly change to lumpeu components with aitwoik by changing the component name
- foi example, change R to R_Pau1, C to C_Pau1, L to L_Pau1, etc. Then you can cieate a
layout of the schematic. Foi now, use lumpeu without aitwoik.
e. Set the v_BC supply: PA. L Q P. Wiie the ciicuit anu oiganize it.
f. Belete the BC simulation contiollei anu put a new one in its place - this is
fastei anu moie efficient than iemoving the sweep settings. Because theie
is no sweep, you uo not have to set anything to check BC values.

Inseit the cuisoi anu
type ovei to iename
it to RC.

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"U# 8:09@'(& ')A ')),('(& (K& B$ >,@9(:,)#
a. 0se the 8:09@'(& [ 8:09@'(:,) 8&(9+ (oi Bot Key
Bot Key "S" if you have set it) anu 9).K&.5 the box
the box to open uata uisplay aftei simulation.
simulation.
b. Click 8:09@'(& [ 8:09@'(&, oi on a PC tiy the Wc keyboaiu key, to iun the
simulation. The uataset name will be the same as the schematic - this is
the uefault. You can veiify this by ieauing the status winuow:

c. Annotate the cuiient anu voltage by clicking on the menu commanu:
8:09@'(& [ I)),('(& B$ 8,@9(:,). If necessaiy, move components oi
component text (FS key) to cleaily see the values of voltage anu cuiient.
Be suie that you have the same values shown heie. If not, check youi
woik, incluuing the sub-ciicuit.

N0TE: Noue names
(pinwiie labels)
such as vC oi vBE
can be moveu by
uiagging them with
youi cuisoi.

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u. Cleai the annotation, click: 8:09@'(& [ $@&'% B$ I)),('(:,) anu then
8'C& all you woik. Close all winuows if noi uoing the optional steps that
follow.
"Z# HF=RHEI`/ 8*&&+ $,0+,)&)( G,A&@ =&0+&%'(9%&>
a. Euit the B$ .,)(%,@@&% - select it anu click the euit icon.
b. In the 8*&&+ ('4, entei the ABS global vaiiable (&0+ (uefault is Celsius)
anu entei the sweep iange: SQQ (, "7Q with step size = Q. Also, in the
B:>+@'? ('4, click the boxes to uisplay the annotation on the contiollei -
click I++@? to see it anu HT to uismiss the uialog.

c. Inseit P$ anu P;J noue pin labels.
u. Set the simulation uataset name to A.1(&0+, anu
anu check the box to open the uata uisplay uc_net.
uc_net. Click I++@? anu then 8:09@'(&.

N0TE: The Tiise paiametei (tempeiatuie iise ovei
ovei ambient) can be specifieu on inuiviuual
components.

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e. Plot P$ anu P;J in a iectangulai
iectangulai plot. These will be vs.
be vs. temp which is the swept
vaiiable. You coulu also use the Auu
the Auu vs function but it is not
not necessaiy when theie is one
one swept vaiiable.

f. Put two maikeis on each tiace in A&@(' 0,A& to see the change in voltage
as tempeiatuie changes. The plot shoulu look like the one shown heie:
collectoi voltage uecieases at almost one-half the iate of vBE as the
tempeiatuie incieases. You can use this tempeiatuie sweep methou
(sweeping the global vaiiable "temp') foi any ABS simulation.

EXTRA EXERCISES:
1. Plot cuiient (piobe: IC.i) vs. tempeiatuie using a piobe. 0i, tiy setting up
a passeu paiametei foi tempeiatuie (Temp = 2S in the options
contiollei). The 0ptions contiollei is in eveiy simulation palette anu can
be useu to set conveigence foi BC anu constant simulation tempeiatuie.
2. Replace the uummel-Poon mouel caiu with anothei mouel (Nextiam)
anu iesimulate. Afteiwaiu, compaie the iesults.
S. Inseit the template 8F1EhI1= which geneiates S-paiameteis foi a bjt at
all the specifieu bias points. Tiy using this with youi bjt_pkg.


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LAB 3: DC Simulations and Circuit Modeling: ADS Fundamentals - 2009

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LAB 3: DC Simulations and Circuit Modeling

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