1. What is the diference between scavenging and supercharging ?

Ans: Scavenging is process of fushing out burnt gases from engine cylinder by introducing fresh air in the
cylinder before ehaust stro!e ends. Supercharging is the process of supplying higher mass of air by
compressing the atmospheric air.

". What are the names given to constant temperature# constant pressure# constant volume# constant
internal energy# constant enthalpy# and constant entropy processes.Ans: $sothermal# isochroic# isobaric#
free epression# throttling and adiabatic processes respectively.

%. $n a &an!ine cycle if maimum steam pressure is increased !eeping steam temperature and condenser
pressure same# what will happen to dryness fraction of steam after epansion ?Ans: $t will decrease.

'. Why entropy change for a reversible adiabatic process is (ero ? Ans: )ecause there is no heat transfer
in this process.

*. What are two essential conditions of perfect gas ? Ans: $t satis+es e,uation of state and its speci+c
heats are constant.

-. .nthalpy and entropy are functions of one single parameter. Which is that ? Ans: /emperature.

0. Why rate of condensation is higher on a polished surface compared to rusty surface ?
Ans: 1olished surface promotes drop wise condensation and does not wet the surface.

2. 3ow much resistance is ofered to heat fow by drop wise condensation ? Ans: 4il

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5. What is the relationship between 671 of heating and cooling ?
Ans: 671 of heating is one8unity9 more than 671 of cooling.

1:. 3ow much is the wor! done in isochoric process ? Ans: ;ero.

11. When maimum discharge is obtained in no((le ? Ans: At the critical pressure ratio.

1. <nder what condition the wor! done in reciprocating compressor will be least ?
Ans: $t is least when compression process approaches isothermal. =or this purpose# attempts are made to
cool the air during compression.

1%. What is the diference between stalling and surging in rotary compressions ?
Ans: Stalling is a local phenomenon and it occurs when 3ow brea!s away from the blades. Surging causes
complete brea!down of fow and as such it afects the whole machine.

1'. Why the electric motor of a fan with bac!ward curved blades is never got overloaded under any
condition ?
Ans: /he maimum power is consumed at about 0:> of maimum fow in case?of fan with bac!ward
blades. =or higher fow# power consumption gets lower.

1*. Why the wor! per !g of air fow in aial fow compressor is less compared to centrifugal compressor for
same pressure ratio ? Ans: $sentropic e@ciency of aial fow compressor is higher.

1-. What is the name given to portion of thermal energy to be necessarily reAected to environment ? Ans:
Anergy.

10. What is pitting ? 3ow it is caused ?
Ans: 4on uniform corrosion over the entire metal surface# but occuring only in small pits is called pitting. $t
is caused by lac! of uniformity in metal.

12. What is caustic embrittlement ?
Ans: $t is the actual physical change in metal that ma!es it etremely brittle and +lled with minute crac!s.
$t occurs particularly in the seams of rivetted Aoints and around the rivet holes.

15. Which impurities form hard scale and which impurities soft scale ?
Ans: Sulphates and chlorides of lime and magnesium form hard scale# and carbonates of lime and
magnesium form soft scale.

":. What is the diference between hard water and soft water ?
Ans: 3ard water contains ecess of scale forming impurities and soft water contains very little or no scale
forming substances.

"1. Which two elements in feed water can cause corrosion of tubes and plates in boiler ? ?
Ans: Acid and oygen in feed water lead to corrosion.

"". What should be done to prevent a safety valve to stic! to its seat ?
Ans: Safety valve should be blown of periodically so that no corrosion can ta!e place on valve and valve
seat.

"%. Why large boilers are water tube type ?
Ans: Water tube boilers raise steam fast because of large heat transfer area and positive water circulation.
/hus they respond faster to fuctuations in demand. =urther single tube failure does not lead to catastrophy.

"'. What type of boiler does not need a steam drum ? Ans: SuperBcritical pressure boiler.

"*. Why manholes in vessels are usually elliptical in shape ?
Ans: .lliptical shape has minimum area of opening and thus plate is wea!ened the least. =urther it is very
convenient to insert and ta!e out the cover plate from elliptical opening.

"-. Cow water in boiler drum is unsafe because it may result in overheating of water tubes in furnace. Why
it is unsafe to have high water condition in boiler drum ?
Ans: 3igh drum level does not allow steam separation to be efective and some water can be carried over
with steam which is not desirable for steam turbine.

"0. Why boiler is purged everytime before starting +ring of fuel ?
Ans: 1urging ensures that any unburnt fuel in furnace is removed# otherwise it may lead to eplosion.

"2. What is the principle of mechanical refrigeration ?
Ais. A volatile li,uid will boil under the proper conditions and in so doing will absorb heat from surrounding
obAects.

"5. Why high latent heat of vaporisation is desirable in a refrigerant ?
Ans: A high latent heat of vaporisation of refrigerant results in small amount of refrigerant and thus lesser
circulation system of refrigerant for same tonnage.

%:. What is the critical temperature of a refrigerant ?
Ans: 6ritical temperature is the maimum temperature of a refrigerantrat which it can be condensed into
li,uid and beyond this it remains gas irrespective of pressure applied.

%1. Daimum combustion temperature in gas turbines is of the order of 11:: to 1:E6 whereas same is
around ::E6 in $.6. engine ? Why ?
Ans: 3igh temperature in $.6. engine can be tolerated because it lasts for a fraction of second but gas
turbines have to face it continuously which metals can?t withstand.

%". Why e@ciency of gas turbines is lower compared to $.6. engines ?
Ans: $n gas turbines# 0:> of the output of gas turbine is consumed by compressor. $.6. engines have much
lower auiliary consumption. =urther combustion temperature of $.6. engines is much higher compared to
gas turbine.

%%. What do you understand by timed cylinder lubrication ?
Ans: =or efective lubrication# lub oil needs to be inAected between two piston rings when piston is at
bottom of stro!e so that piston rides in oi during upward movement. /his way lot of lub oil can be saved
and used properly.

%'. What is $$<6& in relation to petrol engine ?
Ans: 3<6& is highest useful compression ratio at which the fuel can be used in a speci+c test engine# under
speci+ed operating conditions# without !noc!ing.

%*. $n some engines glycerine is used in place of water for cooling of engine. Why ?
Ans: Flycerine has boiling point of 5:E6 which increases its heat carrying capacity. /hus weight of coolant
gets reduced and smaller riadiator can be used.

%-. Why consumption of lubricating oil is more in twoBstro!e cycle petrol engine than fourBstro!e cycle
petrol engine ?
Ans: $n twoBstro!e engine lub oil is mied with petrol and thus some lub oil is blown out through the
ehaust valves by scavenging and charging air. /here is no such wastage in four stro!e petrol engine.

%0. As compression ratio increases# thermal n increases. 3ow is thermal n afected by wea! and rich
miture strength ?
Ans: /hermal n is high for wea! miture and it decreases as miture strength becomes rich.

%2. 3ow engine design needs to be changed to burn lean miture ?
Ans: .ngine to burn lean miture uses high compression ratio and the highly turbulent moveGment of the
charge is produced by the geometry of the combustion chamber.

%5. 3orse power of $.6. engines can be epressed as &A6 rating# SA. rating# or H$4 rating. /o which
countries these standards belong ?
Ans: <.I.# <SA and Fermany respectively.

':. What is the use of fash chamber in a vapour compression refrigeration cycle to improve the 671 of
refrigeration cycle
Ans: When li,uid refrigerant as obtained from condenser is throttled# there are some vapours. /hese
vapours if carried through the evaporator will not contribute to refrigerating efect. <sing a fash chamber
at some intermediate pressure# the fash vapour at this pressure can be bled of and fed bac! to the
compression process. /he throttling process is then carried out in stages. Similarly compression process is
also done in two separate compressor stages.

'1. Why pistons are usually dished at top ?
Ans: 1istons are usually hollowed at top to 8i9 provide greater spa?e for combustion# 8ii9 increase surface for
fue gases to act upon# and 8iii9 better distribution of stresses.

'". What is the function of thermostat in cooling system of an engine ?
Ans: /hermostat ensures optimum cooling because ecessive cooling decreases the overall e@ciency. $t
allows cooling water to go to radiator beyond a predetermined temperature.

'%. What are the causes of failure of boiler tubes ?
Ans: )oiler tubes# usually are made from carbon steel and are subAect to 8a9 high rates of heat transfer#
8 b 9. bending stresses due to uneven heating# especially at epanded or welded Aoints into headers or
drums# J eternal erosion from burners and fue gas# 8d9 possible corrosion on the boiler side# and 8e9
occasional manufacturing defects.
=ailure may occur due to following reasons :
8a9 3igh thermal ratings may lead to rapid failure if the internal fuid fow is reduced for any reason. /he
resultant overheating leads to a failure by creep# characterised by the bulging of the tube with the eventual
development of a longitudinal split.
8b 9 =atigue crac!ing due to bending stresses occur. /hese are associated with change of section andKor
weld undercut# where tubes are epanded or welded into headers.
J =ailure may arise due to overstressing of a reduced section of metal.
8d9 Sudden failure of the boiler tube due to corrosion arises from embrittlement of the carbon steel due to
interaction between atomic hydrogen from the corrosion process and the iron carbide present in the steel.
8e9 Hefects in tube manufacture# although far from being a regular occurrence# can be a cause of serious
trouble. Camination in boiler tubes or score mar!s arising from the cold drawing of tubes# give rise to
premature failure and may promote corrosion at these regions.

''. What are the causes of failure of superheater tubes ?
Ans: Superheater tubes are subAected to the most severe combination of stress# temperature and corrosive
environment. $n addition to highBtemperature strength# resistance to corrosion is also important. =or
eample# lowBalloy ferritic steel such as B1K> 6r# 1> Do would not be used at metal temperatures above
*2:E6 because of inade,uate resistance to corrosion and oidation over a full service life of
1::#:::K1*:#::: hr.
=ailures in superheater tubes may arise from :
8a9 1rior fabrication history 8b 9 =aulty heat treatment J 6onse,uences of welding 8d9 7verheating of
the tube metal 8e9 FasBside corrosion 8f9 Stress corrosion 8austenitic steels9.

'*. Why supercritical boilers use less amount of steel compared to nonBsupercritical boilers ?
Ans: Supercritical boilers do not head heavy drum for separation of steam from miture of water and
steam.

'-. 7ut of electric heater and heat pump# which is economical in operation ? Ans: 3eat pump.

'0. Which furnace burns lowBash fusion coal and retains most of the coal ash in the slag? Ans:
6yclone furnace.

'2. 3ow the thic!ness of thermal boundary layer and thic!ness of hydrodynamic boundary layer related ?
Ans: &atio of their thic!ness L 81randtl number9B1K%.

'5. What is the efect of friction on fow of steam through a no((le ?
Ans: /o decrease both mass fow rate and wetness of steam.

*:. Why gas turbine power plant needs e@cient compressor ?
Ans: )ecause a large portion of turbine wor! is eaten away by compressor and its ine@ciency will afect
net power output and cost of generation.

*1. Why roc!ets using li,uid hydrogen have higher speci+c impulse compared to li,uid hydrocarbon ?
Ans: Ci,uid hydrogen has higher burning velocity.

*". Why aial fow compressor is preferred for gas turbines for aeroplanes ?
Ans: )ecause it has low frontal area.

*%. What is the efect of inter cooling in gas turbines ?
Ans: $t decreases thermal e@ciency but increases net output.

*'. Why isoBoctane is chosen as reference fuel for S.$. engines and allotted 1:: value for its octane
number ?
Ans: $soBoctane permits highest compression without causing !noc!ing.

**. Why thermal e@ciency of $.6. engines is more than that of gas turbine plant ?
Ans: $n $.6. engine maimum temperature attained is higher than in gas turbine.

*-. Which are the reference fuels for !noc! rating of S.$. engines ? Ans: nBheptane and $S7Boctane.

*0. When efect of variations in speci+c heats is considered then how do maimum temperature and
pressure vary compared to air standard cycle ? Ans: /emperature increases and pressure
decreases.

*2. Muantities li!e pressure# temperature# density# viscosity# etc. are independent of mass. What are these
called ?
Ans: $ntensive properties.

*5. /he amount of radiation emitted per scm per sec is called .... ? Ans: .missive power.

-:. $n convection heat transfer# if heat fu intensity is doubled then temperature diference between solid
surface and fuid will ? Ans: Fet doubled.

-1. 3ow you can de+ne coal ?
Ans: 6oal is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon that consists of the fossilised remains of buried plant debris
that have undergone progressive physical and chemical alteration# called coali+cation# in the course of
geologic time.

-". Which pollutant is maAor greenhouse gas and what is its efect ?
Ans: 67 is maAor greenhouse gas and it traps the radiation of heat from the sun within earth?s atmosphere.

-%. $n order to increase e@ciency and reduce 67 emissions and other emissions# clear coal technologies are
receiving maAor attention. What are these ?
Ans: 8i9 Advanced pulverised and pressurised pulverised fuel combustion.
8ii9 Atmospheric fuidised bed combustion and pressurised fuidised bed combustion.
8iii9 Supercritical boilers.
8iv9 $ntegrated gasi+cation combined cycle systems.
8v9 Advanced integrated gasi+cation# including fuel cell systems.
8vi9 Dagneto hydrodynamic electricity generation.

-'. What are the important operational performance parameters in design of fuel +ring e,uipment ?
Ans: =uel feibility# electrical load following capability# reliability# availability# and maintenance ease.

-*. What is the diferenc between total moisture and inherent moisture in coal ?
Ans: /he moisture content of the bul! as sampled is referred to as total moisture# and that of the air dried
sample is called inherent moisture.

--. 1roimity analysis of coal provides data for a +rst# general assessment of a coal?s ,uality and type.
What elements it reports ? Ans: Doisture# volatile matter# ash and +ed carbon.

-0. <ltimate analysis of coal is elementary analysis. What it is concerned with ?
Ans: 6arbon# hydrogen# nitrogen# and sulphur in coal on a weight percentage basis.

-2. .plain the diference between A=)6# )=)6# 1=)6 and 16=) in regard to fuidised bed technologies.
Ans: A=)6 8Atmospheric fuidised bed combustion9 process consists of forming a bed of inert materials li!e
+nely si(ed ash or ash mied with sand# limestone 8for sulphur removal9# and solid fuel particles in a
combustor and fuidising it by forcing combustion air up through the bed miture. /he gas fows thorugh
bed without disturbing particles signi+cantly but gas velocity is high enough to support the total weight of
bed 8fuidisation9. At slightly higher velocity ecess gas passes through the bed as bubbles 8fuidised bed9
and gives the bed the appearance of a boiling li,uid.
)ubbling fuidised bed combustion 8)=)69 has a de+ned height of bed material and operates at or near
atmospheric pressure in the furnace.
1ressurised fuidised bed combustion 81=)69 system operates the bed at elevated pressure. .haust gases
have su@cient energy to power a gas turbine# of course# gases need to be cleaned.
$n fuidised combustion# as ash is removed some unburned carbon is also removed resulting in lower
e@ciency. $n circulating fuidised bed combustion 86=)69 system# bed is operated at higher pressure leading
to high heat transfer# higher combustion e@ciency# and better fuel feed. 6irculating fuidised beds operate
with relatively high gas velocities and +ne particle si(es. /he maintenance of steady state conditions in a
fast fuidised bed re,uires the continuous recycle of particles removed by the gas stream 8circulating bed9.
/he term circulating bed is often used to include fuidised bed sysGtems containing multiple conventional
bubbling beds between which bed material is echanged.

-5. What for Schmidt plot for is used in heat transfer problems ?
Ans: Schmidt plot is a graphical method for determining the temperature at any point in a body at a
speci+ed time during the transient heating or cooling period.

0:. $n which reactor the coolant and moderator are the same ? Ans: 1ressurised water reactor.

01. Which reactor has no moderator ? Ans: =ast breeder reactor.

0". What are thermal neutrons ?
Ans: /hermal neutrons are slow neutrons 8having energy below 1 eN9 which are in thermal e,uilibrium with
their surroundings.

0%. What is big advantage of fast breeder reactor ?
Ans: $t has rapid self breeding of +ssile fuel during the operation of the reactor# and thus# it ofers about
sity times the output with same natural uranium resources through ordinary nonBbreeder nuclear reactor.

0'. What is the purpose of biological shield in nuclear plants ?
Ans: )iological shield of heavy concrete prevents eposure to neutrons# beta rays and gamma rays which
!ill living things.

0*. Which two elements have same percentage in proimate and ultimate analysis of coal?
Ans: Doisture and ash.

0-. 7n which analysis is based the Hulong?s formula for the heating value of fuel ? Ans: 7n ultimate
analysis.

00. Which element causes diference in higher and lower heating values of fuel ? Ans:
3ydrogen.

02. Which heating value is indicated by a calorimeter and why ?
Ans: Fross heating value because steam is condensed and heat of vapour formed is recovered.

05. State the diference between ultimate and proimate analysis of coal ?
Ans: $n ultimate analysis# chemical determination of following elements is made by weight: =ied and
combined carbon# 3# 7# 4# S# water and ash. 3eating value is due to 6# 3 and S.
$n proimate analysis following constituents are mechanically determined by weight. Doisture# volatile
matter# +ed carbon and ash. 3eating value is due to +ed carbon and volatile matter.

2:. What is fuel ratio ? Ans: =uel ratio is the ratio of its > age of +ed carbon to volatile matter.

21. 3ow the analyses and calori+c values of fuels can be reported ?
Ans: $t may be reported as 8a9 as received or +red 8wet9 basis 8b 9 dry or moisture free basis
J combustible or ash and moisture free basis

2". What is the diference between nuclear +ssion and +ssion chain reaction.
Ans: /he process of splitting of nucleus into two almost e,ual fragments accompanied by reGlease of heat
is nuclear +ssion. Self sustained# continuing# se,uence of +ssion reactions in a conGtrolled manner is +ssion
chain reaction.

2%. .plain diference between +ssile and fertile materials.
Ans: /he materials which can give nuclear +ssion e.g. < %*# 1u %5# < %% are +ssile materiGals. =ertile
material itself is not +ssionable# but it can be converted to a +ssionable material by irradiation of neutrons
in a nuclear reactor.

2'. What do you understand by fuel cycle in nuclear plants ?
Ans: =uel cycle a series of se,uential steps involved in supplying fuel to a nuclear power reactor. /he steps
include : Dining# re+ning uranium# fabrication of fuel elements# their use in nuclear reactor# chemical
processing to recover remaining +ssionable material# reBenrichment of fuel from recovered material#
refabrication of new fuel elements# waste storage etc.

2*. What is heavy water and what is its use in nuclear plants ?
Ans: Water containing heavy isotopes of hydrogen 8Heuterium9 is !nown as heavy water. 3eavy water is
used as a moderator. 3eavy water has low cross section for absorption of neutrons than ordinary water.
3eavy water slows down the fast neutrons and thus moderates the chain reaction.

2-. What is a converter reactor ?
Ans: A reactor plant which is designed to produce more fuel than it consumes. /he breeding is obtained by
converting fertile material to +ssile material.

20. .plain nuclear reactor in brief.
Ans: A plant which initiates# sustains# controls and maintains nuclear +ssion chain reaction and provides
shielding against radioactive radiation is nuclear reactor.

22. What is the diference between conversion and enrichment ?
Ans: /he process of converting the non +ssile < %2 to +ssile <B%* is also called O6onversionO. /he material
li!e < %2 which can be converted to a +ssile material by the neutron fu is called Ofertile materialO. /he
conversion is obtained within the nuclear reactor during the chain reaction.
.nrichment is the process by which the proportion of +ssile uranium isotope 8<B%*9 is increased above :.0>
8original > in natural uranium9.
/he concentration of <B%* in the uranium heafuoride is increased from the :.0> in natural uranium to to
'>. /his is called enrichment and is accomplished in an enrichment plant.

25. Hisposal of radioactive waste materials and spent fuel is a maAor and important technology. 3ow the
waste radioactive material is disposed of ?
Ans: 4onusable +ssion products are radioactive and ta!e shortKmediumKlong time for radioactive decay to
reach safe level of radioactivity. Accordingly three methods of disposal are :
8a9 ;ero or low radioactivity material is dispersed or stored without elaborate shielding.
8b 9 Dedium radioactivity material is stored for short duration of about * years to allow decay of
radioactivity.
J 3igh radioactive material. /hey are stored in water for several months to permit radioactive decay to
an accepetable low level.

5:. Which nuclear reactor uses water as a coolant# moderator and refector ? Ans: 1ressurised water
reactor.

51. Which reactor produces more +ssionable material than it consumes ? Ans: )reeder reactor.

5". Which reactor uses natural uranium as fuel ? Ans: Fas cooled reacator.

5%. Which reactor uses heavy water as moderator ? Ans: 6A4H<.

5'. Which reactor re,uires no moderator ? Ans: )reeder reactor.

5*. Which reactor uses primary coolant as fuoride salts of lithium# beryllium# thorium and uranium ?
Ans: Dolten salt breeder reactor.

5-. Why an increase in area is re,uired to produce an increase of velocity in case of supersonic fow ?
Ans: $ncrease in area for increase in velocity for supersonic fow is re,uired because the density decreases
faster than velocity increases at supersonic speeds and to maintain continuity of mass# area must increase.

50. <nder what circumstances would there be an increase in pressure in a diverGgent no((le ?
Ans: =or subsonic fow at inlet section of a difuser a lower velocity and higher pressure will eist at the eit
section. =or supersonic isentropic fow at the inlet section a higher velocity and lower pressure will eist at
the eit but if a shoc! wave occurs in the difuser then a higher pressure will eist at the eit.

52. Why water can?t be used as refrigerant for small refrigerating e,uipment ?
Ans: /he refrigerant should be such that vapour volume is low so that pumping wor! will be low. Water
vapour volume is around '::: times compared to &B for a given mass.

55. Which parameter remains constant in a throttling process ? Ans: .nthalpy.

1::. What is the diference between isentropic process and throttlinglprocess ?
Ans: $n isentropic process# heat transfer ta!es place and in throttling process# enthalpy before and after the
process is same.
Q 1. What is the diference between echnology and !ngineering"
#ns. .ngineering is application of science.
/echnology shows various methods of .ngineering.
A bridge can be made by using beams to bear the load#by an arc or by hanging in a cableP all shows diferent
technology but comes under civil engineering and science applied is laws of forceKload distribution.
Q. $ What is the diference between tensile strength and tensile modulus"
#ns. ensile %trength&- $t is the ultimate capacity of the material to resist the tensile load regardless of
defection.
ensile 'odulus&- $t is the measure of the stifness of an isotropic elastic material. $t is also called as(oung
'odulus.
. )t is de*ned as the ratio of the uni-a+ial stress o,er the uni-a+ial strain.
Q. - What is the diference between shear %trength and tensile strength"
#ns. /ensile strength is the strength in tension on the application of pulling force while shear strength is the
strength against cutting shear force.
Q. . What is 'echanical !ngineering"
#ns. Dechanical engineering is a branch of engineering in which we apply physics laws along with material science
to accelerate the human process.
Q. / What is the diference between (ield %tress and (ield %trength"
#ns. %tress is a measure of internal resisting force8load9 applied on a body per unit area.While %trength is a
,uanti+cation of the ability to carry the load.
(ield stress and (ield strength of a material usually used as interchangeable according to the application of
load. $f load is low we will use yield stress but if load will be vary high we will use yield strength.
Q. 0 What is the honing of cylinder liners"
#ns. 12hris 'arine1is the manufacturer of honing e,uipment.
/he head of the honing device consists of four synchroni(ed stones.
=or the initial honing diamond stones are used to brea! up the hardened surface in the scufed areas.
=or the main honing very coarse and hard stones are used to produce a very desirable rough surface all over the
liner.
/he advantage# especially for the "Bstro!e engines# is possibility to save the liner after a sei(ure# scu@ng or blowBby
or even to eliminate the ovality of the liner.
Another advantage is that it is possible to machine a rough liner wall to obtain a well oiled surface.
Q. 3 What type of cooling you will prefer for a --cylinder engine system"
#ns. DultiB6ylinder .ngines are used for heavy load cosideration. So it is a heavy duty engine. We will prefer li,uid
or water cooling system for a %Bcylinder engine system.
Q. 4 What is the diference between weight and mass"
#ns. Dass is the measure of amount of matter that a body or obAect contain. $t is measured in Fram or IF. Dass of
a body remains constant in the whole universe.
Weight is the measure of force that how strongly gravity pulls to that matter. $t is measured in !ilogram meter per
second s,uare. Weight will be changed according to the change in gravitational acceleration.
Q. 5 6iferentiate the terms center of mass and center of gra,ity.
#ns. .ach body is made by smallBsmall particles. /hese particles contains some mass also.
6enter of mass of a body is a point where all the masses of particles are centered.
6enter of gravity of a body is a point where the vector some of all the gravitational forces will act.
$f gravity is uniform then both center of mass and center of gravity will be %#'!.
Q. 17 Why )-section beam is preferred for hea,y loading"
#ns. $t provides less deformation on the application of load and it withstand higher bending moments on
comparison of other shapes of the beam. $t is easy to manufacture.
Q. 11 Why 2entrifugal 8ump is not called as a 8ositi,e 6isplacement ype of 8ump"
#ns. /he 1ositive Hisplacement pump has more or less constant fow regardless of pressure while centrifugal pump
has varying fow depending upon pressure or head.
Niscosity is constant for positive displacement pump where centrifugal pump have up and down value because the
higher viscosity li,uids +ll the clearances of the pump causing a higher volumetric e@ciency.
Q. 1$ Why the centrifugal pump is called high discharge pump"
#ns. 6entrifugal pump is a !inetic device.
/he centrifugal pump uses the centrifugal force to push out the fuid. So the li,uid entering the pump receives
!inetic energy from the rotating impeller.
Hue to centrifugal force the impeller accelerates the li,uid to a high velocity# transferring mechanical energy to the
li,uid. So it discharges the li,uid in high rate.
1-. Why is stress considered important in a shaft"
/he following types of stresses are prevalent in shafts:
1B At the outermost surface of the shaft the ma shear stress occurs on the crossBsection of the shaft.
"BAt the surface of the shaft on the longitudinal planes through the ais of the shaft the maimum longitudinal
shear stress will occurs.
%B At '* degrees to the maimum shearing stress planes at the surface of the shafts the maAor principal stress
occurs. $t e,uals the maimum shear stress on the cross section of the shaft.
'B =or certain materials where the tensile and compressive strengths are lower in measure as compared to the
shear strength# then the shaft designing should be carried out for the lowest strengths.
*B All these stresses are of signi+cance as they play a role in governing the failure of the shaft. All theses stresses
get generated simultaneously and hence should be considered for designing purposes
Q. 1. Why don9t we use a single turbine of required power instead multiple turbines in hydro power
stations"
#ns. $t is di@cult to wor! with a single turbine than multiple turbines because the ehaust of one turbine is used as
input two second turbine.so wor! input becomes less for multiple turbines than a single turbine for doing greater
wor!.that why we +nd multiple turbines for power generation in dams.
Q. 1/. What are the types of bearing on the basis of friction"
#ns. /here are two types of bearing.
1. =riction )earing ". Anti =riction )earing
Q. 10 What is the diference between heat pump and heat engine "
#ns. 3.A/ .4F$4. $S A H.N$6. W3$63 1&7H<6.S W7&I W3$C. /&A4S=.&&$4F 3.A/ =&7D 3$F3.& /.D1. /7
C7W.& /.D1. W3.&.AS $4 3.A/ 1<D1 W7&I $S 4..H /7 S<11CQ /7 /&A4S=.& 3.A/ =&7D C7W.& /.D1. /7
3$F3.& /.D1.
Q. 13 What are the best materials for gears"
#ns. 6ast iron it has great impact strength and also self lubrication and phosphorus bron(e is also better for gears.
Q. 14 Where is *+ed a :o,erner in automobile"
#ns. Foverner is a device which is used to regulate speed of an engine. Dostly a centrifugal governor is used in an
automobile# when the speed is high height of its arms increases thus decreasing the area... which in turn allows
more fuel to enter and vice versa.
Q. 15 Why gate ,al,e is not suitable for throttling"
#ns. Fate valve is not suitable for throttling because it is di@cult to control the fow due to valve design.And fow
of fuid can be caused for the damage of the valve.
Q. $7 6escribe mechanical engineering in your own words.
#ns. Dechanical engineering is one of the largest and broadest +elds of technical study.
Dechanical engineers are concerned with the engineering systems used to control and transform energy to meet
the needs of humanity.
$n mechanical engineering# students develop an understanding of basic topics and fundamental principles upon
which engineered systems are conceived and developed in a modern society.
$t is an ecellent foundation for a rewarding career in engineering# as well as for further study in business# law#
medicine# and other professions that re,uire a solid foundation in science and technology# and the ability to solve
problems.
Q. What instrument is used to measure the height of the product"
#ns. 3eight gauge is used to measure the height manually.
Q. What instrument is preferred to measure the internal diameter of a cylindrical pipe"
#ns. Nernier 6aliper is used to measure the internal diameter of the hollow pipe.
Q. What is the diference between digital micrometer and ordinary micrometer"
#ns. Higital micrometer difer then the ordinary micrometer in the sense of accuracy. /he accuracy of digital
micrometer is 1 micron while the accuracy of ordinary micrometer is 1: micron.
Q. What is the tolerance of the digital micrometer"
#ns. :.::1
Q. What machine is used to measure the e+act coordinate of the *nished ;ob up to / dimensional
accuracy"
#ns. 6oordinate Deasuring Dachine 86DD9
Q. What is the necessary process to be done before changing the probe of 2''.
#ns. /his process is !nown as the calibration of the probe. $t is done with the help of Daster 1robe.
Q. What is the basic unit of measurement used in almost all the manufacturing measurement process"
#ns. DD or millimeter
#utomobile !ngineering )nter,iew Questions #nd #nswers
Q.1 Why e+haust pipe of an automobile is located behind the rear wheel" 2an arrangements be made
for it to be in the front portion of the automobile.What will be the problem then"
#ns. 1 A better technical application might be that if the ehaust pipe is placed in front then as the car moves
forward# there is obstruction in the fow of ehaust gases and due to the bac! pressure the smo!e fows bac! to the
engine chamber# which would afect the miture strength of the fuel ma!ing the air fuel lean miture# as a result
decreasing the performance of the engine.
" $f locate in front many afects are there smo!e afect the inlet air#afect the driver.so locate in bac! it based on
newton %rd also.and prevent the many efects.to get many advantage
% /he silencer show be a lengthy one. $f you place in front then there wont be any thermodynamically efect to the
engine but there are commercial efects li!e your bi!e color will become fade by the carbon content# your
respiration will efected and your bi!e style will loo! odd.
Q.$ When i take *rst gear in a bike *rstly apply clutch why" #nd when speed of bike in running
position you can9t apply clutch why"
#ns. <ecause the clutch plate must be free from fywheel and power transmission stop so to use gear or changing
of gear should be at this position and on running power transmission continuous# so never ta!e clutch without down
the accelerator.
Q.- . What causes white smoke in two stroke locomoti,e engines"
#ns. /hat is the engine running too lean 8lac! of fuel9. /his condition will lead to overheating and failure of the
engine.
Q.. How does iron ore turn into steel"
Ans /o ma!e Steel# $ron 7re is re+ned into iron and all the carbon is burned away using very high heat 8)essemer9.
A percentage of 6arbon 8and other trace elements9 are added bac! to ma!e steel.
Q./ When 2lutch 8edal is pressed the engine rpm is "
a.reduced b.increases c.constant. #ns. 6onstant
hermodynamics )nter,iew Questions #nd #nswers
Q. 1 What material is mostly preferred in the designation of ,ane in water turbine"
#ns. Aluminium nic!el its n alloy.
Q.$ What happens if foundry sand contains 1= e+cessi,e clay $= e+cessi,e moisture"
#ns. $f ecessive clay than cavity get damaged before the process due to dry less of clay and irregular in shape
due to more water content because to set the cavity it ta!es more time.
Q.- What is the 2arbon percentage in 6iamond"
#ns. 52> of pure carbon of +ne structure. 8.* B1.*9.
Q.. What is the meaning of cyclic process in thermodynamics.e+plain with e+ample"
#ns. $n a cyclic process# the system starts in a particular state and returns to that state after undergoing a few
diferent processes is called cyclic process.
Q./ 2an the> energy change= of a system during a process be negati,e " why "
#ns. Qes# $t is possible. $n some process system produce energy while in others it receive energy.
Q.0 What is the principal of optical instruments "
#ns. 7ptical instructor can be use to align two machine parts for eample tool in the tool post... its can b used as a
alignment tool.
Q.3 What is the diference between enthalpy and entropy"
#ns. .nthalpy: /otal heat content of the body..4/&71Q:Hegree of randomness and disorder of molecules.
Q. 4 # manometer is used to measure
#.low pressure <.moderate pressure 2.high pressure 6.atmospheric
pressure
#ns 869 3igh 1ressure
Q. 5 # cycle consisting of one constant pressure, one constant ,olume and two isentropic processes is
known as
#.2arnot cycle <.%tirling cycle 2.?tto cycle 6.6iesel cycle
#ns. 8H9 Hiesel cycle
'echanical !ngineering @ob )nter,iew Questionns
Q.1. What is anisotropy "
#ns& /he phenomenon of diferent properties in diferent directions is called anisotropy .
Q.$ What is is entropic e+ponent "
#ns& $t is the ratio of the speci+c heat of a gas at constant pressure to the speci+c heat at constant volume.
Q.- he intensity of stress which causes unit strain is called
1. unit stress $. bulk modulus -. modulus of rigidity .. modulus of elasticity
/. principal stress. #ns. Dodulus of elasticity.
M.' /he uni,ue property of cast iron is its high
8a9 malleability 8b9 ductility 8c9 surface +nish
8d9 damping characteristics 8e9 hardness. #ns. >d= damping characteristics
M. * Hensity is
1. 1hysical property ". 6hemical property %. .tensive property ' $ntensive property
#ns . )ntensi,e property
- 3orse power e,ual to RRRRRR ???
1. *'- w ". -0- w %. 0'- w '. 00- w
#ns. 3.0 W
Q.3 -.=What is saybolt seconds uni,ersal "
#ns& Saybolt Seconds <niversal 8SS<9 is the unit of viscosity and is e,ual to the time re,uired for a gravity fow of
-: cc through saybolt universal viscometer.
1 What are the ma;or sources of energy"
#ns. Sources of energy are the obAects# that provide energy in usable ,uantities.
/he main sources are....
1 =uels: Solid ...6oal# co!e# anthracite etc# Ci,uid... 1etroleum and its Herivative.# Fases....4atural gas# blast
furnace gases.
" Water energy % 4uclear energy ' Wind energy * Solar energy -
/idal energy
0 Feothermal .nergy 2 /hermoelectric 1ower
Q. $ 2lassi*cation of fuels.
#ns. 1 %olid 8a9 1rimary 8 woo# peat# Cignite coal9. 8b9 Secondary 8co!e# charcoal# bri,uettes9
" Ci,uid 8a9 1etroleum 8b9 Fasoline# Ierosene# fuel oil# alcohol#ben(ol# shale oil
% Faseous 8a9 Faseous 8b9 1etroleum gas# 1roducer gas# 6oal gas# co!eBoven gas# blast furnace gas#
carburetted gas# sewer gas..
Q.- What are the possible fuels used for generation of steam"
#ns. =uels are solid# li,uid#gaseous and as natural o prepared. =uels for power plant are coal# oil#and gas# Faseous
fuels are economic when power plant is located near the natural gas resource +eld or gas manufacturing industries.
Q.. What are the important coal properties rele,ant to boilers"
#ns. Swelling $nde# Frindability## Sulphur content#heating value And weatherability.
Q. / What is the pro+imate analysis of coal"
#ns. =6 S NDS v S AL 1::> by DASS.
=6L +ed carbon# NDL volatile metal# DL metal# AL ash
Q. 1 What is a chemical fuel" How does it difer from a nuclear fuel"
#ns. 6hemical fuel is a substance that release heat energy on combustion. /he primary combustible fuel?s
components are carbon and hydrogen.
Q. $ What is 8articulate matter"
#ns. 1articulate matter can be either dust or other particles which have diameter less then or e,ual to 1 micron.
Q.- What is particulate emission and how it can be controlled"
#ns. 8article !mission is of two types 1 some particles which do not get down and " the particles which get down
after emission these are the particles having diameter more then 1: micron. /his particulate emission can be seen
in three forms.
1 Smo!e " =umes % =lyBash ' 6inders
2ontrol of particulate emission
Air +lter should be installed near the industrial area.
Dore and more plantation. 3igh ehaust column. 7ther air +ltering process.
Q. 1 What are the methods of reducing the wheel or rotor speed"
#ns 1 Nelocity compounding " 1ressure compounding % 1ressure and velocity compounding
Q.$ What is the pressure range for a low pressure steam turbine"
#ns. /he range of steam pressure varies from 1." to " atm.
Q. - What are the types of steam noAAles"#ns. /hese are of two types : 1 6onvergentBdivergent type no((le
" 6onvergent no((le
Q.. What is boiler eBciency"
#ns. )oiler e@ciency is the ratio of heat actually utili(ed in generating the steam to the total heat supplied by the
fuel in the same period.
Q. / What is the purpose of feed heating in turbines"
#ns. /he purpose of feed heating in turbine is to reduce the waste of fuel and hot fue gases. )y doing this
e@ciency can be increased up to "B* >
Q. 1 What is the principle of gearing"
Ans. /he ratio of speeds of the two gears is inversely proportional to the ratios of number of teeth on each gear.
Q. $ What are the ad,antages of constant mesh gearbo+ o,er sliding mesh gearbo+"
Ans. $n constant mesh gearbo# the gear engagement is ,uic!# ,uieter and smooth.
Q. - What is double declutching in synchromesh gearbo+"
Ans. Huring the gear change#the driver need to disengage the clutch twice in a very ,uic! time# so it is called as
double declutching.
Q. . How the hydrostatic propulsion systems work in tactor"
Ans. 3ydrostatic propulsion system wor!s according to the 1ascal?s law. )ut on the piston of tactor?s engine
pressure is same. 3ence this pressure is devided acording to the area. Ci!e more force on large area and less force
on small area.
Questions on Cubrication system
Q. 1 What is a oil breather"
Ans. /he oil breather is an opening in the engine lubricating system#through which oil is eposed to the
surrounding.
Q. $ What is the purpose of lubrication"
Ans. /he purpose of lubrication is to cool#clean#avoid wear and forming a !ind of seal in the parts.
Q. - What is the deli,ery pressure of oil pumps" Ans. ".* to '.* !gKcm"
Q ' What would happen )f someone will add lubricating oil to the fuel of a bike"
#ns. /he physical properties of lubricating oil are diferent from the fuel oil. 3ence as a result the engine will go to
the soon damaging. /here will be more wear and tear in the piston and linear. /here will be some !noc!ing also.
Inoc!ing will reduce the e@ciency and brea!power of the engine.
Questions on %uspension %ystem
Q.1 What is steering ratio and what is its normal ,alue"
Ans. $t is the ratio between rotation of steering wheel to rotation of steering gear that connects the drop arm. $ts
value lies between 1* to %*.
Q. $ What type of steering gear is used on maruti 477? Ans. &ac! and pinion steering gear.
Q.- What is the turning radius for small cars" Ans. $t is 2 to 1: meter.
Q .. What is the reason of car wandering"
Ans. /he reason of car wandering or may be bent !ingBpin#too light ball Aoint# or uneven tyre pressure.
Questions on <reaking %ystem
M. 1 What are the re,uirements of e@cient brea!ing system?
Ans. /he brea!ing system that stop the vehicle within the smallest distance is called e@cient brea!ing. $t is used to
sop the vehicle and to control the speed during operation.
M ." What are the advantages of hydraulic brea!ing system?
Ans. 3ydraulic brea!ing re,uires less brea!ing efort# and brea!ing efort is e,ual to all four wheels.
M. % What is the wor!ing principle of hydraulic brea!? Ans. 1ascal?s law.
M. ' What is 1ascal law? Ans. $f we apply pressure at a point in the fuid then it transfer it in all the
direction e,ually.
M. * Why does brea! overheat sometimes? Ans. )rea!s overheat due to Aammed brea! shoes or
prolonged use of brea!.
M. 1 Among the Dati(#Satro#and $ndica cars Which has % cylinders? Ans. Dati(.
M. " Among the above cars whose capacity is maimum and and how much is its value? Ans. $ndica#
1*52cc.
M.% Among the above which car has % valves per cylinder? Ans. Santro.
M. ' What is the !erb weight and payload of a /NS scooty? Ans. 21.* !g and 1%: !g respectively.
M. * What is the capacity of Daruti 2:: engine? Ans. 05- cc.
%ome :eneral Dnowledgeable Questions
Q. 1 What were the problems in simple carburetor"
Ans. 1 Cess volumetric e@ciency. " Dal distribution of air fuel miture in multi cylinder engine. %
$ce =orming
' 1roblem in turning due to tilting of carburetor.
Q.$ What are the three sub systems of electronic fuel in;ector"
Ans. 1 =uel delivery system# " Air induction System# % .lectronic control unit.
Q. - What are the main components of automobiles"
Ans. 1 .ngine#" 6lutch#% Fear bo#' <niversal Toint#* 1ropeller Shaft#- Hiferentiator.
Q. . Why maintenance is required in automobiles"
Ans. 1 Safety of automobiles#" &eliability of the automobiles#% Cognitivity of the automobiles#' 6omfortable driving
of automobile.
Q. / What are the type of lubrication systems"
Ans. 1 1etrol Cubrication system# " Scrap feel system# % =orced feed lubrication system# ' 6ombination of scraps
and forced feed system
Q.0 What are the type of fuel in;ection system in 2) engines"
Ans. 1 Air $nAection System# " Airless $nAection System. 8 a 6ommon rey inAection system#b $ndividual 1ump inAection
system.
Q.3 What is a master leaf in suspension system"
Ans. /he uppermost longest leaf having bushes at its two ends# is !nown as master leaf.
Q. 4 What is the material of leaf spring"
Ans. Ceaf springs are made of
1 medium carbon steel about :.** > 6#
" Silicon alloy steel having about ">Si#1>Dn and
% 6hrome manganese vanadium alloy steel having about 1.*> 6r# :.-> Dn# and :."> N.
Q. 5 How power is generated in the cylinder of )2 engine"
Ans. Air is suc!ed during the cran! motion and on compression stro!e fuel is inAected on it by the no((le and the
automi(ation and vapourisation ta!es place. 4ow at proper temperature and pressure this air and fuel miture
starts burning and the chemical energy of the miture is converted into pressure energy and this pressure energy
pushed the piston and hence mechanical power is generated by the piston movement.
1. What is the diference between 2ritical %peed and Whirling %peed"
#ns. $n Solid mechanics# in the +eld of rotor dynamics# the critical speed is the theoretical angular velocity which
ecites the natural fre,uency of a rotating obAect# such as a shaft# propeller or gear. As the speed of rotation
approaches the obAects natural fre,uency# the obAect begins to resonate which dramatically increases system
vibration. /he resulting resonance occurs regardless of orientation.Whirling Speed is due to the unbalanced forces
acting on a rotating shaft.
$. How a 6iesel !ngine Works as :enerator"
#ns. Hiesel engine is a prime mover# for a generator# pump#and for vehicles etc. generator is connected to
engine by shaft. mostly in thermal power plat #there is an engine is used to drive generator to generate power.
-. !+plain %econd Caw of hermodynamics"
#ns. /he entropy of the universe increases over time and moves towards a maimum value.
.. 2ompare <rayton 2ycle and ?tto 2ycle"
#ns. /he heat addition and reAection processes in 7tto cycle are of constant volume# whereas in )rayton cycle#
they are of constant pressure.
B7tto cycle is the ideal cycle for spar! ignition engines. B)rayton cycle is the ideal cycle for gas power turbines.
/. What is the purpose of %crapper Eing"
#ns. scrap the ecess lube oil from the cylinder walls. there by preventing oil from entering combustion (one.
0. What is 6%) echnology"
#ns. H/S$ stands for Higital /win Spar! 1lug $gnition. /he vehicles with H/S$ /echnology use " spar! plugs which
are controlled by digital circuit. $t results in e@cient combustion of air fuel miture.
Digital B Since the spar! generation will be initiated by a microchip.
Twin - Since two spar! plugs will be used.
Spark ignition B Since the ignition will be done via a spar!.
3. How to Find, 6uctile-<rittle ransition emperature in 'etals"
#ns. /he point at which the fracture energy passes below a preBdetermined point for a standard $mpact tests.
H)// is important since# once a material is cooled below the H)//# it has a much greater tendency to shatter on
impact instead of bending or deforming.
4. What is the importance of hermodynamics"
#ns. All the mechanical engineering systems are studied with the help of thermodynamics. 3ence it is very
important for the mechanical engineers.
5. What is the diference between 811 and 81$ 8ipes"
#ns. 111 the chromium molybdenum composition that is 1> ofchromium and 1K'> of molybdenum
11" the chromium molybdenum composition that is 1> ofchromium and "> of molybdenum
17. %tate diference between #nitiFriction <earing and @ournal <earing"
#ns. Fenerally# Aournal bearings have higher friction force# consume higher energy and release more heat# but
they have larger contact surface# so normally used in low speed high load applications. $n anti friction bearings
friction is less. 7ne obAect Aust rolls over each other.
1. What is the diference between echnology and !ngineering"
#ns. .ngineering is application of science. /echnology shows various methods of .ngineering. A bridge can be
made by using beams to bear the load#by an arc or by hanging in a cableP all shows diferent technology but comes
under civil engineering and science applied is laws of forceKload distribution.
$. How to 'easure emperature in Wet <ulb hermometer"
#ns. Wet bulb temperature is measured in a wet bulb thermometer by covering the bulb with a wic! and
wetting it with water. $t corresponds to the dew point temperature and relative humidity.
-. What are the #d,antages and 6isad,antages of using C8: in 2ar"
#ns. #d,antages& 1. 6omplete combustion ". =uel saving %. 3omogenous combustion
6isad,antages& 1. As complete combustion is occurring #more heat liberated#not advised for long Aourney#
engine will be over heated ". $nstallation is di@cult %. &educe engine life e@ciency
.. What is the diference between %peed and !conomic %peed"
#ns. /he rated speed tells us about the maimum speed which can be achieved by a vehicle or some other
machine but the economical speed means the speed limit at which the machine wor!s e@ciently with least
consumption of fuel.egBin normal bi!es8not racing9#the ma.speed limit shown on speedometer is upto 1": !mph
but companies always advice their customers to drive such bi!es at around -: !mph to have maimum mileage.
/. What is 8owder echnology"
#ns. 1owder technology is one of the ways of ma!ing bearing material. $n this method metals li!e bron(e# Al# =e
are mied and compressed to ma!e an alloy.
0. %tate all the laws of hermodynamics"
#ns. /here are three laws of the thermodynamics.
First Caw& .nergy can be neither created nor destroyed. $t can only change forms. $n any process in an isolated
system# the total energy remains the same.
%econd Caw& When two isolated systems in separate but nearby regions of space# each in thermodynamic
e,uilibrium in itself# but not in e,uilibrium with each other at +rst# are at some time allowed to interact# brea!ing
the isolation that separates the two systems# and they echange matter or energy# they will eventually reach a
mutual thermodynamic e,uilibrium. /he sum of the entropies of the initial# isolated systems is less than or e,ual to
the entropy of the +nal echanging systems. $n the process of reaching a new thermodynamic e,uilibrium# entropy
has increased# or at least has not decreased.
hird Caw& As temperature approaches absolute (ero# the entropy of a system approaches a minimum.
3. %tate the diference between Gnilateral and <ilateral olerance"
#ns. A unilateral tolerance is tolerance in which variation is permitted only in one direction from the speci+ed
direction.e.g. 12:: S:.:::KB:.:-:
)ilateral tolerance is tolerance in which variation is permitted in both direction from the speci+ed direction.e.g.
12:: S:.:-:KB:.:-:
4. What is the abbre,iation of welding rod 3714"
#ns. 0:12 L 0:Ltensile strength 0::::psi# 1L welding position# 2Lcurrent fu
5. What is diference between Welding and <raAing"
#ns. $n Welding concentrated heat 8high temperature9 is applied at the Aoint of metal and fuse together.
$n )ra(ing involves signi+cantly lower temperatures and does not entail the melting of base metals. $nstead# a +ller
metal is melted and forced to fow into the Aoint through capillary action.
17. Which has more !Bciency 6iesel !ngine or 8etrol !ngine"
#ns. Hiesel engine has the better e@ciency out of two.
1. What is %entinel Eelief Hal,e"
#ns. $tUs a special type valve system. /he valve will open when ehaust casing pressure is ecessive 8high9. /he
valve warns the operator onlyP it is not intended to relieve the casing pressure.

$. What is the diference between %peci*cation,2odes, %tandards"
#ns. Speci+cation is describing properties of any type of materials.
6ode is procedure of acceptance and reAection criteria. Standard is accepted values and compare other with it.
-. Which is hea,ier 1kg 2otton or 1kg )ron" #ns. )oth of them have same weight.
.. What is #uto 6osing"
#ns. Auto dosing is an automated system of feeding the e,uipment with li,uid products. $t is the ideal way to
ensure the correct calibrated dose at the right time every time in auto.
/. What is the diference between %udden Force and )mpact Force"
#ns. V An impact is a high force or shoc! applied over a short time period when two or more bodies collide.
V A force which applies on the body 8material9 suddenly is !nown as sudden force.
0. What is :eyser 8ressure Hal,e"
#ns. /o release the pressure created inside due to evaporation of water.
3. What is diference between 2orrecti,e actions and 8re,enti,e actions"
#ns. 6orrective actions are ta!en on discrepancies noticed during inspection of productsKdocumentsKprocess
whereas preventive actions are ta!en to eliminate the possibility ofdiscrepancy in future.
4. How do you know air is fully saturated" #ns. $n its Hew point. 81::> relative humidity
condition9
5. What is the function of scoop in <F8 ><oiler Feed water pump= in hermal 8ower %tation"
#ns. /he =unction of Scoop tube is regulating the varying amount of oil level in the coupling during operation of
in+nite variable speed.
17. What is ?perating 8ressure"
#ns. /he amount of pressure nearest the point of performing wor! at the output end of a pneumatic system.
/he system operating pressure is used to specify the capability of valves and actuators.
1. What is 6iference between stamina and strength"
#ns. Strength is capability over a short length of time and Stamina is the ability to !eep going continuously.
$. What is Hydrostatic %ystem" #ns. 3ydrostatics is the study of fuid bodies that are
At rest
Doving su@ciently slowly so there is no relative motion between adAacent parts of the body
=or hydrostatic situations
/here are no shear stresses
/here are only pressure forces that act perpendicular to any surface.
$tUs a closed loop hydraulic systems. $t comprises of motor and pump. 3ere pump supplies energy to motor and
motor gives return energy to pump supply.
-. What is 2otter ;oint"
#ns. A cotter Aoint is used to connect rigidly two coBaial rods or bars which are subAected to aial tensile or
compressive forces. 3ere shaft is loc!ed in place by a smaller pin that passes through the side of the lug and partly
or completely through the shaft itself. /his loc!ing pin is named as cotter.
.. How is the e+cess discharge pressure pre,ented"
#ns. Hischarge pressure prevented by a pressuri(ed spi!e cushion. 3ere the system employs a pressuri(ed
cushion of air and a two oBring piston# which permanently separates this air cushion from the water system. When
the valve closes and the water fow is suddenly stopped# the pressure spi!e pushes the piston up the arrester
chamber against the pressuri(ed cushion of air. /he air cushion in the arrester reacts instantly# absorbing the
pressure spi!e that causes water hammer.
/. What is the diference between %trainer and Fitler"
#ns. Strainer for coarse si(e# =ilter is more accurate than Strainer.
0. What is the position of 8iston Eing"
Ans. $n 12: degree angle the /op ring# Second ring and 7il ring are +ed. 1osition the ring approimately 1 inch
gap below the nec!.
3. Why 6eareator are placed at Hieght, )n hermal 8ower 8lant"
#ns. /o build a Nery high pressure and the temperature for a boiler feed water pump and it discharge high
pressure water to the boiler.
And to provide the re,uired 4et 1ositive Suction 3ead 841S39 for the )=W pump and to serve as a storage tan! to
ensure a continuous supply of feed water during rapid changes in )=1.
4. What is meanst by ?ne onn #ir-2onditioner"
#ns. 1 ton refrigeration means "1: !TKmin etracts heat from thesystem.
5. %tate 1st Caw of hermodynamics"
#ns. 3.A/ A4H D.63A4$6AC W7&I A&. D</<ACCQ 674N.&/A)C.. .4.&FQ 6A4 ). 6&.A/.H 47& ).
H$S/&7Q.H )</ $/ 6A4 )./&A4S=.&.H =&7D 74. =7&D /7 A47/3.& =7&D.
17. )f you heat a steel pipe with the hole at center, does heat afects the hole diameter"
#ns. $t gets bigger.
1. What is the diference between Fan and <lower"
#ns. =an is an air pushing device. .ither Aial or 6entrifugal type systems are used to move the air in low
pressure. $t is rotated by a motor separately.
When the fan is a housing of blades and motor# then it called as )lower. $t directs the air in a single path with high
pressure.
$. What is Heat Eate of 8ower 8lant"
#ns. 3eat rate is a measure of the turbine e@ciency. $t is determined from the total energy input supplied to the
/urbine divided by the electrical energy output
-. What is Hydrodynamic 2a,itation"
#ns. 3ydrodynamic cavitation describes the process of vapori(ation in a constrained channel at a speci+c
velocity.
)ubble generation and )ubble implosion which occurs in a fowing li,uid as a result of a decrease and subse,uent
increase in pressure.
.. What is 6iference between Hardness and oughness"
#ns. /oughness is the ability of a material to absorb energy. 3ardness is the ability of a material to withstand
wear.
/. What is the hottest part of Eefrigerant in Eefrigeration" #ns. 6ompressor
0. What does F.?.F %tand for 8iping 6esign"
#ns. =ace of =lange# /he =.7.= 8&aised face and =lat face9 is used to !now the accurate dimension of the fange in
order to avoid the minute errors in measurement in case of vertical or hori(ontal pipe lines.
3. Where 'ulti stage 8ump is Gsed"
#ns. 1ressure washing of Aircraft# /rains# )oats and &oad vehicles as well as Spray washing of industrial parts
and .lectronic components.
4. What does pump de,elop&- >a= Flow >b= 8ressure
#ns. A pump does not create pressure# it only creates fow. 1ressure is a measurement of the resistance to fow.
5. How to measure temperature of <earing"
#ns. 4ormally the temperature range from 2: degree to 11: degree 6elsius. So the following temperature
measurement devices are used.
V Hial /ype )earing /emperature Hetector V Stator Winding /emperature Hetector V &esistance )earing
/emperature Hetector 8)earing &/H9 V Speciali(ed in 1in type &/H
17. 6iference between 8erformance and !Bciency"
#ns. /he accomplishment of a given tas! measured against preset !nown standards of accuracy# completeness#
cost# and speed is called as 1erformance.
.@ciency is de+ned as the input given and the wor! obtained from that input li!e money# time# labour etc. $tUs the
main factor of productivity.
1. Why the 2entrifugal 8ump is called High 6ischarge pump"
#ns. 6entrifugal pump is a !inetic device. /he centrifugal pump uses the centrifugal force to push out the fuid.
So the li,uid entering the pump receives !inetic energy from the rotating impeller. /he centrifugal action of the
impeller accelerates the li,uid to a high velocity# transferring mechanical 8rotational9 energy to the li,uid. So it
discharges the li,uid in high rate. $t is given in the following formulae:
6entrifugal force FI >'JH
$
=KE.
Where# DBDass NBNelocity &B&adius
$. How 2a,itation can be eliminated by 8ump"
#ns. 6avitation means bubbles are forming in the li,uid.
V /o avoid 6avitation# we have to increase the 1ump si(e to 7ne or /wo $nchP
/o increase the pressure of the Suction 3ead# or V Hecrease the 1ump Speed.
-. Why 2a,itation will occur in 2entrifugal 8ump and not in 6isplacement 8ump"
#ns. /he formation of cavities 8or bubbles9 is induced by fow separation# or nonBuniform fow velocities# inside a
pump casing. $n centrifugal pumps the eye of the pump impeller is smaller than the fow area of pipe. /his decrease
in fow area of pump results in increase in fow rate. So pressure drop happened between pump suction and the
vanes of the impeller. 3ere air bubbles or cavities are formed because of li,uid vapour due to increase in
temperature in impeller. /his air bubbles are transmitted to pump which forms cavitation.
.. Which 8ump is more !Bcient 2entrifugal 8ump or Eeciprocating 8ump"
#ns. 6entrifugal pump. )ecause fow rate is higher compared to reciprocating pump. =low is smooth and it
re,uires less space to install. Cower initial cost and lower maintenance cost.
/. Why 2entrifugal 8ump is not called as a 8ositi,e 6isplacement ype of 8ump"
#ns. /he centrifugal has varying fow depending on pressure or head# whereas the 1ositive Hisplacement pump
has more or less constant fow regardless of pressure.
Ci!ewise viscosity is constant for positive displacement pump where centrifugal pump have up and down value
because the higher viscosity li,uids +ll the clearances of the pump causing a higher volumetric e@ciency. When
there is a viscosity change in supply there is also greater loss in the system. /his means change in pump fow
afected by the pressure change.
7ne more eample is# positive displacement pump has more or less constant e@ciency# where centrifugal pump
has varying e@ciency rate.
1. Why !ntropy decreases with increase in temperature"
#ns. dsIdQK .ntropy is inversely proportional to the temperature so# as temp. $ncreases# entropy decreases.
$. Why diferent types of sound are produced in diferent bikes, though they run on %) !ngines"
#ns. .ngine speci+cations are diferent in diferent manufactures li!e as )ore Hiameter 8669# $gnition timing.
Also the ehaust passage ta!es more responsible for sound.
-. How much Watt means 1Hp" Ans. 0'-." Watt
.. !+plain <icycle Eear Wheel %procket working"
#ns. &ear wheel sproc!et wor!s under the principle of ratchet and pawl.
/. 6e*nition of ?ctane Lumber and 2etane Lumber"
#ns. 7ctane 4o.B 7ctane number is de+ned as the percentage# by volume# of iso octane in the miture of iso
octane and hBheptane. $t is the measure of rating of S$ engine.
6etane 4o.B 6etane number is de+ned as the percentage# by volume# of nBcetane in the miture of nBcetane and
alpha methyl naphthalene. $t is the measure of rating of 6$ engine.
0. Which 'echanism is used in #utomobile gearing %ystem" Ans. Hiferential mechanism
3. When 2rude ?il is Heated, Which Hydro 2arbon comes *rst" #ns. 4atural gas 8Fasoline9W
at ": 6elsius
4. How to calculate <earing number ti 6iameter of the inner and outer"
#ns. Hivide the shaft diameter si(e by *# it will give last two digit of the bearing no. and according to type of
load we have to choose the type of bearing and that will give prior number of the bearing.

5. he Fatigue life of a part can be impro,ed by"
#ns. $mproving the surface +nish by 1olishing X providing residual stress by Shot peening.
17. What happens if gasoline is used in a 6iesel !ngine, %iesel !ngine will work"
#ns. 4o# $t will not wor!# as the 6ompression ratio of 1etrol engine is 0 to 17 X that of Hiesel engine is 1/ to
$$. /hus on such high compression# gasoline gets highly compressed X it may blast.
11. 8oissons Eatio is Higher in, EubberK%teelKWood"
#ns. When a material is compressed in one direction# it usuallytends to epand in the other two directions
perpendicular tothe direction of compression. /his phenomenon is called the1oisson efect. 1oissonUs ratio is a
measure of the 1oisson efect.
=or rubber L :.* =or steel L :."22 =or wood Y :." /hus
1oissonUs ratio is higher in &<)).&.