Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Day 1: Carbonate
Day 2: Carbonate – Sandstone
Day 3: Sandstone
Day 4: Lab (tentative)
Day 5: Scale
2
Copyright 2009, NExT, All rights reserved
Well Candidate Selection Process
Does data
suggest stimulation No
will improve PI? No Treatment-Side track
Yes
K>10md K<10md
oil well oil well
K>1md K<1md
gas well gas well
3
Copyright 2009, NExT, All rights reserved
Matrix Success Rate
4
Copyright 2009, NExT, All rights reserved
Why are there failures ?
• Damage characterization
• Placement
• Fluid-fluid incompatibility : Emulsions, Sludge …
• Bad acid design
⇒Precipitation of reaction by-products
⇒Poor fluid selection
⇒Improper acid flowback procedures
• Insufficient acid volume
• Water problem: water block, increase of water cut
• Improper candidate selection
• Artificial lift
5
Copyright 2009, NExT, All rights reserved
Why are there failures : diversion
40
Placement
30
20
Change in Water Cut (%)
-10
WITHOUT DIVERSION
-20
POST-JOB WATER CUT: 45.5%
-30
-40
6
Copyright 2009, NExT, All rights reserved
Why are there failures : artificial lift
ESP installed
• Lift optimization: 33% of all failures occurred because fluid
10000 100
level could
bopd
bwpd
not be reduced. 98
mcfpd 96
1000 fluid above pump
94
Water Cut
92
100 90
88
86
10
84
82
1 80
3/11/98 4/25/98 6/9/98 7/24/98 9/7/98 10/22/98 12/6/98 1/20/99 3/6/99
7
Copyright 2009, NExT, All rights reserved
Why are there failures : real potential
Reser
v oir
ce
rm l
r fo n ti a
an
Pe t e
ce
Po
Pressure
rfo ing
an
rm
Pe i s t
Ex
Gap
Flow Rate
8
Copyright 2009, NExT, All rights reserved
Effect of Shifting an 80% Damage Collar
100
3-in collar
Percent of original productivity
6-in collar
80 12-in collar
rc-rx = collar thickness
Damage collar
60 rc
40 rx
Wellbore
20 re
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Inner radius of damage (ft)
9
Copyright 2009, NExT, All rights reserved
Change in Damage Skin Factor
• Matrix acidizing
• Sandstone: skin can be reduced to zero at best
• Carbonate: can generate a negative skin
• Fracturing
• A negative skin is possible
Completion Skin
Fracture -6 to -2
Carbonate -2 to +4
OH gravel pack +2 to +10
CH gravel pack +5 to +20
10
Copyright 2009, NExT, All rights reserved
Summary