2-10.

A steam power plant with inlet steam to the HP turbine at (90 bar , 500 C) and
condensation at (40 C) produces (500 MW). It has one stage of reheat optimally placed
which raises the steam temperature back to (500 C). One closed feedwater heater with
drains cascaded back to the condenser receives bled steam at the reheat pressure, and the
remaining steam is reheated and then expanded in the LP turbine. The HP and LP turbines
have isentropic efficiencies of (92%, 90%) respectively. The isentropic efficiency of the
pump is (75%). Use (TTD = - 1.6 C), calculate :
a. the mass flow rate of steam at turbine inlet in (kg/s)
b. the cycle efficiency
c. the cycle work ratio
ANSWER:



An isentropic process such that s
out
= s
in
= s(9 MPa, 500
o
C) = 6.5995 kJ/kgK. The
outlet quality is thus found from the following equation.
K kg
kJ
K kg
kJ
K kg
kJ
kPa s
kPa s s
x
fg
f out
out

4996 . 7
6492 . 0 5995 . 6
) 10 (
) 10 (

x
out
= 0.793 .
In order to compute the efficiency, we need the enthalpy values at all the state points.
Following a conventional Rankine cycle calculation, we find the properties at state one as
those of a saturated liquid at the condenser pressure: h
1
= h
f
(10 kPa) = 191.81 kJ/kg and v
1
=
0.001010 m
3
/kg. The isentropic pump work, |w
p
| = v
1
(P
2
P
1
) where P
2
is the same as the
inlet pressure to the turbine, 9 MPa = 9000 kPa. Thus,
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e

(
K
)

Entropy (kJ/kg-K)
Rankine Cycle Diagram
Saturation Condenser Pump Steam
Generator
Turbine
1
2
3
4
1 - 2 Pump
2 - 3 Steam generator
3 - 4 Turbine
4 - 1 Condenser

kg
kJ
m kPa
kJ
kPa kPa
kg
m
P P v w
P
09 . 10 1
10 10000
001010 . 0
3
3
1 2 1
1

We then find h
2
= h
1
+ |w
P1
| = 191.81 kJ/kg + 10.09 kJ/kg = 201.90 kJ/kg.
h
3
= h(10 MPa, 500
o
C) = 3375.1 kJ/kg. s
3
= s(10 MPa, 500
o
C) = 6.5995 kJ/kgK.
As noted above, state 4 is in the mixed region with P
4
= 10 kPa and x
4
= 0.793. We thus find
the enthalpy from the quality as h
4
= h
f
(P
4
= 10 kPa) + x
4
h
fg
(P
4
= 10 kPa) = 191.81 +
(0.793)(2392.1 kJ/kg) or h
4
= 2089.7 kJ/kg.
The heat input to the steam generator, q
h
= h
3
h
2
= 3375.1 kJ/kg 201.90 kJ/kg = 3173.2
kJ/kg
The condenser heat rejection, q
l
= |h
1
h
4
| = |191.81 kJ/kg 2089.7 kJ/kg| = 1897.9 kJ/kg.
The net work, w = q
h
- |q
L
| = 3173.2 kJ/kg| - 1897.9 kJ/kg = 1275.3 kJ/kg.
The efficiency = w / q
H
= (1275.3 kJ/k ) / (3173.2 kJ/kg) or = 40.2%.
The mass flow,
s MW
kJ
kg
kJ
MW
w
W
m

1000
3 . 1275
210

s
kg
m
165