SOLVENT BASED COMPOUNDS

INTRODUCTION:
The compounds which comprise of solvents, and on evaporation of solvents leave behind a polymer
layer on the substrate with adequate sticking strength are called Solvent Based Compounds.
- Solvent based compounds are a main component of
o Paints
o Coatings inks
o Adhesives
o Sealants
- These are used for many coating applications, such as
o Decorative coatings
o Vehicle refinish systems
o Furniture coatings
o Protective coatings
o Coatings for coils and cans etc.
- They can consist of different kinds of chemical constitutions (like Alkyds, Acrylics, Aminos,
Polyesters, etc.)
- The manufacturing of Solvent Based Resins for coatings is usually done by means of batch
processes [1].
Commonly used Solvents in these compounds are
- DMF (Di-methyl formamide)
- MEK (Methyl Ethyl Ketone)
- Toluene
- Iso-butyl Alcohol [2]
Importance of Solvent Based Compounds
- These compounds produce the coating layer on the substrate with strong adhesion and have
strong cohesion towards the base fabric and it doesnt separate easily throughout the life time
of the product.
- Polyurethanes resins generally have good adhesion to fabric substrates and have good
elongation and excellent flexibility, even at very low temperatures. They have excellent
surface abrasion properties and, in fact, are used as lacquers for leather.
- Solvent based compound have the fast drying capability.
Limitation of solvent based Compounds
- It causes high VOC emission and hazardous waste generation. Owing to the environmental
concerns and government regulations, conventional solvent adhesives are only used when
coupled with expensive incineration or recovery equipment [3].
Characteristics of Solvent based compounds
- Abrasion resistance
- Low temperature crack resistance
- Ageing resistance
- Ozone resistance
- Waterproofing
- Electrical encapsulation
- Sealants
Safety Precautions during manufacturing of Solvent based Compounds:
- Mixing area well ventilated
- Protective clothing
- Breathing masks
- Cool and safe area for storage
- Sealed container for storage due to volatile nature [2].
One of the most common solvent that is used for performance based coatings is Toluene.
Toluene based Resin coating:
Toluene acts as a very useful solvent especially for the paints. It can add up with suitable additives to
produce high performance coatings on the substrates.
Importance:
- Fast dry paints with aliphatic solvents, making the paint suitable for indoor industrial and other
production applications.
- Fast dry paints that can be brush, roll, dip, or spray applied and easily re- coated, which make
them particularly useful in maintenance and refinish products.
- Fast dry paints with low cost and low odor solvents such as mineral spirits.
- Higher solids coatings with excellent gloss, hardness and moisture resistance.

Applications
Compounds comprised of Toluene as solvent and its derivatives have the following general applications
- Sanding sealers
- Metal furniture
- Machinery enamels
- Hammer finishes
- Multi color finishes
- Industrial brushing enamels
- General purpose fast dry maintenance enamels
- Ink varnishes
Benefits:
- Compatible with most other paint solvents.
- Fast drying typically 5-10 minutes set to touch
- Vinyl Toluene alkyds also exhibit:
o Higher flash point
o Lower vapor pressure
o Lower emissions
o Lower odor
o Good hardness
o Acid, caustic, and moisture resistance.
- Aliphatic versions exhibit extremely flexible recoat
- Their good substrate wetting allows excellent flow and leveling leading to high gloss.
Resin Formulation:
Vinyl Toluene modified oils and alkyds can be made using several routes:
Vinyl Toluene modified oils are made by polymerizing a vegetable oil with Vinyl Toluene
(usually about 50% Vinyl Toluene) at a temperature of about 160 C in the presence of a
peroxide catalyst such as Di-tertiary Butyl Peroxide.

Vinyl Toluene alkyds can be made by reacting an oil with Vinyl Toluene as discussed above
followed by reaction with a polyol and a di-acid (such a phthalic anhydride). This process
is known as Pre-Vinylation.

Vinyl Toluene alkyds can also be made by making the base alkyd first followed by
treatment of the base alkyd with Vinyl Toluene. This process is known as post-vinylation.
Recipe of Solvent Based Compound used for Sand Sealing Wood:
Deltech is a UK based company which is dealing in the performance driven coatings and lamination
researches and have a vital role in the development of resins, polymers and coating materials.
A special recipe for the sand sealing coating by Deltech is as follows
Material Percentage
Vinyl Toluene Alkyd 50% non-volatile (Resin) 68.80
Zinc Stearate (Water Repellent-high gloss Additive) 3.52
Mineral Spirits (Additive) 27.57
6% Cobalt Naphthanate (Catalyst) 0.11
Total 100 [4]
This coating will induce the sand sealing property with a high gloss appearance with relatively shorter
dry time. Cobalt Napthanate will serve as a catalyst to fasten the reaction time.

REFERENCES

1) www.cefic.org/About-us/How-Cefic-is-organised/Fine-Speciality-and-Consumer-
Chemicals/Solvent-Resin-Manufacturers-SRM
2) Walter Fung, Materials and their Properties, Chapter 2 in Coated and Laminated Textiles
3) William C. Smith, Introduction: basic principles of coating and laminating processes, Smart
textile coatings and laminates.
4) Vinyl Toluene For Alkyd Resins For Coatings, Deltech

Water Repellent Coating:
- Dimethyl Dihydroxy Ethylene Urea (Resin) 40-60 g/l
- Zirconium salt-containing wax emulsion (Additive) 60 g/l
- Softener (Additive) 60 g/l
- Magnesium chloride. (Catalyst) 10 g/l
- Curing at 150 C for 5 min.
Application Areas:
- Carpet finishing.
- Clothing (e.g. sportswear & rain coat.).
- Umbrella cloth.
- Table linen curtains upholstery fabric.
- Tarpaulins and tents. Technical fabrics (e.g. fitter material, fabrics, protective clothing).