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Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
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Section A
Bahagian A
[60 marks]
[60 markah]
Answer all questions in this section.
Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.
1.
10
50
20
30
40
Temperature
Suhu
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
1 (b) (i)
1
(b) (i) In human body, what is the organ that secretes rennin?
Di dalam badan manusia, apakah organ yang merembes rennin?
................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
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(ii) Explain why the rate of rennin is the highest as shown in Diagram 1.
Terangkan mengapa kadar tindak balas rennin paling tinggi seperti yang
ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1.
.................................................................................................................................
1 (b)(ii)
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(c)
Besides temperature factor, ezyme is also affected by pH. Explain the effect of
higher pH such as 9 on rennin activity.
Selain faktor suhu, enzim juga dipengaruhi oleh faktor pH. Huraikan kesan pH
yang tinggi seperti 9 ke atas aktiviti rennin.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
1 (c)
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(d) Explain how enzyme reacts on the situation below:
Terangkan bagaimana enzim bertindak dalam keadaan berikut:
(i) Helping to remove stains on clothes
Memudahkan kerja menghilangkan kotoran pada pakaian
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(ii) Extracting agar from seaweeds
Mengekstrak agar-agar daripada rumpai laut
...................................................................................................................................
1 (d)
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
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Total A1
12
P
Q
Diagram 2.1
Rajah 2.1
2 (a) (i)
.........................................................................................................
............................
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii) Name the structures labelled Q and R
Namakan struktur yang berlabel Q dan R
2 (a)(ii)
Q:
2
......................................................................................................................
......
R:
......................................................................................................................
.......
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
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(b)
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2 (b)
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(c)
Diagram 2.2
Rajah 2.2
(i)
2 (ci)
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(ii)Explain how to overcome the condition in order to make sure the plant
survival.
Terangkan bagaimana untuk mengatasi keadaan tersebut untuk memastikan
tumbuhan terus hidup.
......................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
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[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(d)
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A group of surviving sailors from a shipwreck are drifted in the ocean. They
are weak and dehydrated due to lack of drinking water. Why cant they drink
the sea water?
Sekumpulan anak-anak kapal yang terselamat daripada kejadian kapal
karam telah dihanyutkan di lautan. Keadaan mereka adalah lemah dan
terdehidrasi akibat kekurangan air minuman. Mengapakah mereka tidak
boleh meminum air laut?
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
2 (d)
3
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Total A2
12
Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan pergerakan cacing tanah dan ikan dalam habitat yang
berbeza.
Diagram 3.1
Rajah 3.1
(a) (i) Name the muscles of both organisms that involved in movement.
Namakan otot yang terlibat dalam pergerakan dalam kedua-dua organisma
3 (a)(i)
tersebut.
2
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3 (a)(ii)
Earthworm/Cacing tanah:.........................................................................................
Ikan/ Fish
: .........................................................................................
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
muscle X
otot X
muscle Y
otot Y
muscle Y
otot Y
muscle X
otot X
head / kepala
Diagram 3.2
Rajah 3.2
Diagram 3.2 shows the muscles of earthworm involve in locomotion.
Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan otot-otot cacing tanah yang terlibat dalam pergerakan.
(b)
3 (b)
...................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
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Diagram 3.3
Rajah 3.3
Diagram 3.3 shows part of vertebral column showing structure Z.
Rajah 3.3 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada turus vertebra bersama struktur Z.
(c) What is the effect if structure labelled Z absent in the vertebral column?
Apakah kesan jika struktur berlabel Z tiada dalam turus vertebra?
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
3 (c)
2
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
Diagram 3.4
Rajah 3.4
Diagram 3.4 shows the health problem because of impaired musculoskeletal
system and it can be inherited.
Rajah 3.4 menunjukkan masalah kesihatan yang boleh diwarisi akibat sistem
otot rangka yang merosot.
(d)
3 (d)
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...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
Chest expand
Dada mengembang
Diaphragm contracts
Diaphragm mengecut
Diagram 3.5
Rajah 3.5
Diagram 3.5 shows the process of inhalation.
Rajah 3.5 menunjukkan proses menarik nafas.
(e) Diaphragm is the dome-shaped sheet of muscle that involves in the breathing
process. If an accident occurs and causes the ribs stab to the diaphragm, explain the
possibility effects to a person.
Diafragma merupakan kepingan otot berbentuk kubah yang terlibat dalam proses
pernafasan. Jika seseorang terlibat dalam kemalangan di mana tulang rusuknya
telah tercucuk kepada diafragma, terangkan kesan yang mungkin berlaku.
.......................................................................................................................................
3 (e)
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........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
Total A3
12
Hormone B: ..............................................................................................................
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(ii) Explain why blood glucose level rises.
Terangkan mengapa aras gula darah meningkat.
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...................................................................................................................................
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...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(iii) The normal range of blood glucose level in humans is 75-110mg/100ml. Explain
what will happen if our blood glucose level is 60mg/100ml.
4 (a)(iii)
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(b) Diagram 4.2 shows a nephron.
Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan nefron.
Structure D
Struktur D
Diagram 4.2
Rajah 4.2
(i)
4 (b)(i)
aktiviti sukan.
2
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............................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(c) Parkinsons disease typically affects victim around age 60. Research is underway to
find a cure for Parkinsons disease by using stem cell transplantation. Explain briefly
the disease.
Penyakit Parkinson biasanya terjadi pada mangsa berumur 60 tahun. Kajian sedang
dijalankan dengan menggunakan pemindahan sel stem untuk mendapatkan kaedah
rawatan. Terangkan secara ringkas penyakit tersebut.
........................................................................................................................................
4 (c)
........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
.
Total A4
12
5.
Diagram 5.1 shows female hormonal levels during the menstrual cycle.
Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan aras hormon perempuan semasa kitaran haid.
Hormone D
Hormone E
Gonadotroph
hormones level
Diagram 5
Rajah 5
Aras hormon
gonadotrof
(arbitrary unit)
Oestrogen
n
Hormone F
Time(day)
Masa / hari
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Diagram 5.1
Rajah 5.1
(a)
5 (a)(i)
Hormone/Hormon D
: ...............................................................................
Hormone/Hormon E
: ...............................................................................
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(ii) Explain the function of hormone D and E.
5(a)(ii)
2
: .................................................................................
...................................................................................
Hormone/Hormon E
: .................................................................................
..............................................................................
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
aras
hormon
dengan
perubahan
dalam
ketebalan
endometrium
...................................................................................................................................
sperm penetrating ovum
sperma menembusi ovum
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
ovum
...................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
formation of two separate embryos
pembentukan dua embrio
berasingan
cervix
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two foetus
dua fetus
uterus
5(a)(iii)
2
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Diagram 5.2
Rajah 5.2
Diagram 5.1 shows the formation of identical twins.
Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan pembentukan kembar seiras.
(b)
(i) The production of sperm and ovum occurs through a cell division process.
State the process.
Penghasilan sperma dan ovum berlaku melalui proses pembahagian sel.
5(b)(i)
..................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii) There are two main types of twins based on their mode of formation, one of it
is shown in Diagram 5.2. State the other types of the twins and two
differences between the twins in table below.
Terdapat dua jenis kembar berdasarkan mod pembentukan, salah satunya
seperti ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 5.2. Nyatakan jenis kembar yang kedua dan
perbezaan di antara keduanya dalam jadual di bawah.
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Identical twins
5 (b)(ii)
[3 marks]
[3markah]
(c) Why are annual growth rings very distinct in wood from temperate forests?
Mengapa gelang tahunan pokok daripada hutan negara empat musim sangat jelas?
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
5 (c)
.......................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
Total A5
12
Bahagian B
[40 marks]
[40 markah]
Answer any two questions from this section.
Jawab mana-mana dua soalan daripada bahagian ini.
For Examiners
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6
17
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Diagram 6.1 shows human digestive system and organs involved in digestion.
Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan sistem pencernaan dan organ-organ berkaitan pencernaan.
Q
R
Diagram 6.1
Rajah 6.1
(a) Explain how carbohydrates are digested in parts P, Q and R in the system.
Terangkan bagaimana karbohidrat dicernakan di bahagian P, Q dan R di dalam
sistem ini.
[10 marks]
[10 markah]
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Thrombus
Trombus
Diagram 6.2
Rajah 6.2
(a) Explain the diseases and the effects to the person.
Terangkan penyakit-penyakit tersebut dan kesannya.
[10 marks]
[10 markah]
7(a) Hereditary diseases are diseases that can be transmitted from parents to their offspring.
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Haemophilia is a hereditary sex-linked disease. Diagram 7 shows the pedigree of
family in three generations.
Penyakit genetik ialah penyakit yang diwarisi daripada ibu bapa. Hemofilia ialah
sejenis penyakit terangkai seks. Rajah 7 menunjukkan gambar rajah pokok satu
keluarga bagi tiga generasi.
Keys/petunjuk:
H Dominant allele
Alel dominan
Carrier female
Perempuan pembawa
h Recessive allele
Alel resesif
Hemophilia male
Lelaki hemofilia
Normal female
Perempuan normal
Hemophilia female
Perempuan Hemophilia
Normal male
Lelaki normal
Diagram 7
Rajah 7
From the diagram given, more males are affected with the diseases compared to
females.
Explain
why
it
usually
affects
males
more
than
females.
Berdasarkan rajah yang diberi, lebih ramai lelaki yang mendapat penyakit hemofilia
berbanding
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(i) Mohd has straight hair and blue eyes. He marries Aminah who has curly hair
and brown eyes. Draw a schematic diagram to show how their child will inherit
straight hair and blue eyes.
Mohd berambut lurus dan bermata biru. Dia berkahwin dengan Aminah yang
berambut keriting dan bermata gelap. Lukiskan gambar rajah skema genetik,
unutk menunjukkan bagaimana anak mereka mewarisi ciri rambut lurus dan
bermata biru.
[6 marks]
[6 markah]
(ii) Advances in the knowledge of genetics through research has led to many
discoveries that improve the everyday lives of human. In forensic medicine, the
use of DNA fingerprinting techniques to identify individuals has led to many
crimes being solved. Besides, stem cell research is another application that can
improve certain diseases such as leukemia and cancer.
Pengetahuan yang mendalam dalam bidang genetik melalui kajian telah
menghasilkan beberapa penemuan yang boleh meningkatkan kehidupan seharian
manusia. Dalam bidang forensik, penggunaan teknik profil DNA atau cap jari
DNA telah menyelesaikan banyak kes jenayah. Selain daripada itu, kajian sel
stem merupakan satu lagi aplikasi yang boleh merawat penyakit tertentu seperti
leukemia dan kanser.
Describe the applicatian of stem cells.
Huraikan aplikasi sel stem.
[4 marks]
[4 markah]
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Diagram 8.1
Rajah 8.1
(a) Explain the adaptations of mangrove plants to live in muddy soil.
masing masing.
leguminous plant
tumbuhan legum
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Nyatakan dan terangkan jenis interaksi tersebut.
[5 marks]
[5 markah]
Penicillin / Penisilin
Penisilin
Vaccines/ Vaksin
Formaldehyde/ Formaldehid
Acriflavin/ Akriflavin
Diagram 8.3
Formaldehid
Akriflavin
Rajah 8.3
(b)(ii) State what pathogen is and describe the methods of controlling the pathogens.
Nyatakan apakah pathogen dan terangkan kaedah mengawalnya.
[5 marks]
[5 markah]
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Diagram 9.1
Rajah 9.1
(a) (i) Explain the impact of human activities on the ecosystem.
Terangkan kesan-kesan aktiviti manusia kepada ekosistem.
[10 marks]
[10 markah]
(ii) Describe ways to overcome the situation as shown in Diagram 9.1.
Huraikan cara-cara untuk mengatasi keadaan seperti Rajah 9.1.
[6 marks]
[6 markah]
(b) Explain the impact of the thinning of the ozone layer and global warming on the
ecosystem.
Terangkan kesan-kesan penipisan lapisan ozon dan pemanasan global kepada
ekosistem.
[4 marks]
[4 markah]
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