4 GEARS August 2007

A
s computer control systems become more integrated
into the function of the powertrain (transmission,
engine, transfer case, differentials, etc.), the software
that controls these systems is becoming more extensive. Were
seeing more and more transmission and engine performance
problems addressed with updated module programming.
The type of problems that are fixed by reprogramming, or
calibration updates, can be very difficult, if not impossible, to
diagnose and repair properly without the update.
Figure 1 provides ten transmission calibration updates
from GM, Ford, Chrysler and Toyota. Keep in mind, these are
strictly transmission- and transfer case-related problems the
manufacturer has provided updated calibration to fix.
THE NUTS AND BOLTS OF ELECTRICAL DIAGNOSIS
Introduction to
Reprogramming/
Reflashing; Part I
Getting started is as easy as 1 2 3!
by Mike Van Dyke
s e l p m a x E B S T h s a l f e R d r o F
r e b m u N B S T s e l c i h e V t n i a l p m o C
6 - 1 2 - 0 0 L 0 . 3 r e g n a R 0 0 0 2
2 - 1 g n i p p i l S r o d e y a l e D
. t f i h s
6 - 4 2 - 0 0
s e i r e S F y t u D r e p u S 9 9 9 1
s e t a d d l i u b , e n i g n e L 8 . 6 h t i w
9 9 / 3 / 7 u r h t 8 9 / 2 1 / 1
r o / d n a y l r a e , g n i t f i h s c i t a r r E
. s t f i h s e t a l
5 - 4 1 - 1 0
S L n l o c n i L 1 0 0 2 - 0 0 0 2
0 0 0 2 / 7 1 / 0 1 e r o f e b t l i u b
h s r a h , s t n e m e g a g n e d e y a l e D
d e y a l e d , s t f i h s c i t a r r e , s t f i h s
. h p m 0 2 r a e n s t f i h s n w o d
4 - 5 2 - 1 0 s u c o F 1 0 0 2 - 0 0 0 2
o i t a r t e s r a e g e v i r d l a n i F
r e t f a s t f i h s d e y a l e d : e g n a h c
o i t a r t e s r a e g e v i r d l a n i f
e l x a s n a r t r o e g n a h c
. t n e m e c a l p e r
4 - 3 2 - 2 0
g n a t s u M 2 0 0 2 - 9 9 9 1
s u c o F 2 0 0 2 - 0 0 0 2
0 5 1 F , n o i t i d e p x E 2 0 0 2 - 9 9 9 1
s e i r e s E 2 0 0 2 - 0 0 0 2
t r o p S r e r o l p x E 2 0 0 2 - 1 0 0 2
r e g n a R d n a , t r o p S , c a r T
, r a C n w o T 2 0 0 2 - 9 9 9 1
r o t a g i v a N
d o o w k c a l B 2 0 0 2
r e e n i a t n u o M 2 0 0 2
e n i g n e e n i l o s a g h t i w e v o b a l l a
t n e m u r t s n i r o M C P r e t f A
4 x 4 , t n e m e c a l p e r r e t s u l c
d e t a n i m u l l i p m a l r o t a c i d n i
. e t a r u c c a n i r e t e m o d e e p s d n a
n i k c o l b D I V m a r g o r p (
) M C P
2 - 4 2 - 2 0
e c i l o P a i r o t c i V n w o r C 3 0 0 2
2 0 0 2 / 0 3 / 6 - 2 0 0 2 / 6 2 / 3 t l i u B
r o d e n r u b , r a e g h t 4 f o s s o L
. d n a b D O d e g a m a d
0 4 - 1 2 - 3 0
0 5 3 F , 0 5 2 F 7 9 9 1
y t u D r e p u S F 0 0 0 2 - 9 9 9 1
n o i s r u c x E 0 0 0 2
e n i g n e L 3 . 7 h t i w e v o b a l l a
d e e p s h t i w e g r u s / k c u B
d e g a g n e l o r t n o c
6 1 - 5 2 - 4 0
F , n o i s r u c x E 4 0 0 2 - 3 0 0 2
y t u D r e p u S
s e i r e s E 4 0 0 2
C T D h t i w d e t a n i m u l l i L I M
r e t f a 1 7 7 0 P , 1 6 7 0 P , 6 5 7 0 P
h t i w t f i h s q r o T a g n i l l a t s n i
. s t n e n o p m o c l e v e l 5 0 0 2
5 - 4 2 - 5 0
, d e r d n u H e v i F 6 0 0 2 - 5 0 0 2
o g e t n o M
c i t a m o t u a d e e p s 6 h t i w
e r o f e b t l i u b , e l x a s n a r t
5 0 0 2 / 7 1 / 0 1
w o l s / c i t a r r e / h s r a H
n i p i t r o s t f i h s n w o d
. n o i t a t i s e h
2 - 4 2 - 8 9
1 1 - 3 1 - 8 9
, r u o t n o C 9 9 9 1 - 8 9 9 1
8 9 / 1 3 / 5 h g u o r h t t l i u b e u q i t s y M
h g u o r h t t l i u b r a g u o C 9 9 9 1
8 9 / 1 1 / 6
r o f e t a d p u n o i t a r b i l a C
t n e m e c a l p e r e c i v r e s
. e l x a s n a r t
g n i r p s , o v r e s t n e m e c a l p e R
r o f e t a d p u n o i t a r b i l a c d n a
t h g i l t a t f i h s 2 - 1 h s r a h
t f i h s n w o d 2 - 3 h s r a h , e l t t o r h t
. t f i h s p u 3 - 1 r e t f a
s e l p m a x E B S T h s a l f e R M G
r e b m u N B S T s e l c i h e V t n i a l p m o C
7 5 0 - 4 0 - 6 0 - 3 0
r e z a l b l i a r T 3 0 0 2 - 2 0 0 2
y o v n E 3 0 0 2 - 2 0 0 2
a d a v a r B 3 0 0 2 - 2 0 0 2
e n i g n e L 2 . 4 h t i w
g n i p p i l S , t f i h s 2 - 1 h s r a H
t n e m e g a g n e h s r a H , t f i h s 2 - 1
6 1 0 - 0 3 - 7 0 - 3 0
d w 2 e u V n r u t a S 3 0 0 2
e l x a s n a r t E 5 2 T V L 2 . 2 h t i w
n o i t a r b i V / r e d d u h S C C T
) M C T m a r g o r p e R (
7 0 0 - 0 3 - 7 0 - 9 9
, t h g i E y t h g i E , e r b a S e L 8 9 9 1
e l l i v e n n o B d n a , e u n e v A k r a P
e n i g n e L 8 . 3 h t i w
g n i t a r e l e c c a n e h w r e d d u h S
. p o t s a o t g n i m o c r e t f a
A 1 2 0 - 0 3 - 7 0 - 3 0
r e i l a v a C 3 0 0 2 - 5 9 9 1
u b i l a M 3 0 0 2 - 7 9 9 1
o r e l A 3 0 0 2 - 9 9 9 1
e r i f n u S 3 0 0 2 - 5 9 9 1
m A d n a r G 3 0 0 2 - 8 9 9 1
o n , g n i z i l a r t u e n r o t f i h s e r a l F
, 0 1 8 1 P s ' C T D , t f i h s 2 - 1
. t e s 5 1 8 1 P
8 0 0 - 0 3 - 7 0 - 5 0
e u V n r u t a S 3 0 0 2 - 2 0 0 2
e l x a s n a r T 5 - 3 3 F A h t i w
e r a l F 3 - 2
) M C T m a r g o r p e R (
5 0 0 - 0 3 - 7 0 - 4 0
e u V n r u t a S 4 0 0 2 - 3 0 0 2
N O I n r u t a S 4 0 0 2 - 3 0 0 2
e l x a s n a r T E 5 2 T V h t i w
r o k r a P n i e s i o n p r i h c / s s i H
) M C T m a r g o r p e R ( l a r t u e N
1 0 0 - 1 2 - 4 0 - 4 0
r e i n a R 4 0 0 2
T X E , r e z a l b l i a r T 4 0 0 2 - 2 0 0 2
L X , y o v n E 4 0 0 2 - 2 0 0 2
V U X y o v n E 4 0 0 2
a d a v a r B 4 0 0 2 - 2 0 0 2
6 2 2 G V N r o 6 2 1 G V N h t i w
e s a c r e f s n a r t
t n o r f f o t n e m e g a g n e d e y a l e D
p i l s a g n i r u d s l e e h w
. n o i t i d n o c
) M C C T m a r g o r p e R (
A 1 5 0 - 0 3 - 7 0 - 3 0
E U V n r u t a S 5 0 0 2 - 3 0 0 2
e l x a s n a r t E 5 2 T V h t i w
r o / d n a d n i r g d e e p s w o L
. g n i v i r d e l i h w n o i t a t i s e h
) M C T m a r g o r p e R (
E 6 0 0 - 1 2 - 4 0 - 2 0
r e i n a R 4 0 0 2
T X E , r e z a l b l i a r T 4 0 0 2 - 2 0 0 2
, e h c n a l a v A 4 0 0 2 - 3 0 0 2
e o h a T , n a b r u b u S
L X , y o v n E 4 0 0 2 - 2 0 0 2
L X , n o k u Y , a r r e i S 4 0 0 2 - 3 0 0 2
V U X y o v n E 4 0 0 2
e v i t c A r o t f i h S c i n o r t c e l E h t i w
e s a C r e f s n a r T
D W A / D W 4 e v i t a r e p o n I
/ D W 4 e v i t a r e p o n i , s t h g i l
0 5 5 0 C C T D , m e t s y s D W A
h t i w n o i t a c i n u m m o c o n t e s
M C C T
) M C C T m a r g o r p e R (
Figure 1A: Ten TSBs each from GM, Ford, Chrysler and Toyota
Figure 1B
4-MikeVdRpgm.indd 4 7/11/07 10:54:48 AM
964 East Market St., Crawfordsville, IN 47933 Toll Free: 800-729-7763 Fax: 765-364-4576 Email: raypt@raybestospowertrain.com
* Raybestos Powertrain warrants that each electrical component manufactured or supplied by Raybestos Powertrain will be free from defects in material or factory workmanship for five
years or 50,000 miles from the date of sale. Please refer to Raybestos Powertrains website (raybestospowertrain.com) and catalog for details and limitations.
raybestosplcd807.indd 3 7/11/07 9:23:54 AM
GEARS August 2007 5
Aside from the bulletins listed here,
there are literally hundreds of other cali-
bration updates, which can both directly
and indirectly affect transmission opera-
tion.
Reprogramming also enables you to
do other service work such as calibrating
the speedometer, antitheft key program-
ming, and configuring automatic door
lock timing and chime features.
Module Swapping and
Replacement
Consider this: If you replace the
PCM or other module on a vehicle with
an antitheft system, the vehicle keys or
the VIN will have to be programmed
into the replacement module before the
vehicle will even start. This can mean
additional expense and possibly send-
ing the vehicle to the dealer. If you
can perform this service in house, itll
increase your prof-
its and help you
get vehicles out the
door faster.
The bottom
line is, on almost
any modern vehi-
cle, a replacement
module will have to be initialized or
configured for that vehicle before itll
function properly, if at all.
Getting Started
Youll need three basic components
to start reprogramming (figure 2):
1. A J2534 Pass Thru Programming
interface
2. A laptop or desktop PC (Personal
Computer)
3. Application software and calibra-
tion files from the auto manufactur-
er (provided either on CD-ROM or
downloaded from the OEM service
information web site).

Lets look at each of these three
components, and then well offer some
simple tips and instructions on how to
get started.
The J2534 Pass Thru
Interface
The J2534 Pass Thru interface is a
universal adapter to connect a personal
computer to a vehicles data link con-
nector (DLC) for reprogramming or
scan tool functions.
2003-and-newer vehicles are
required to be J2534 compliant, but
almost all OBD-II (1996-and-newer)
domestic vehicles can be reprogrammed
with a J2534 interface.
There are several manufacturers
that make Pass Thru interfaces; refer to
Table A for a list of manufacturers and
their web site addresses (page 6).
Heres one difference that can eas-
ily go unnoticed: A J2534 specification
interface is for reprogramming power-
train control modules only. A J2534-1
specification interface isnt limited to
just powertrain control modules; its
capable of reprogramming body, chassis,
and other modules as well. So choose
carefully to avoid limiting your options,
should you eventually need to do other
reprogramming work.
Even though theyre all built to
the same specification, there are other
feature differences between the J2534
s e l p m a x E B S T h s a l f e R r e l s y r h C
r e b m u N B S T s e l c i h e V t n i a l p m o C
A 3 0 - 1 0 0 - 8 1
L 9 . 3 h t i w a t o k a D 3 0 0 2 - 2 0 0 2
, n o i s s i m s n a r t E R 2 4 , e n i g n e
2 0 0 2 / 2 2 / 1 1 e r o f e b t l i u b
t f i h s t o n l l i w n o i s s i m s n a r T
e l i h w r a e g d n o c e s f o t u o
. l l i h a g n i b m i l c
4 0 - 3 1 0 - 8 1
m a R , o g n a r u D , a t o k a D 3 0 0 2
, e e k o r e h C J K , y t r e b i L , p u k c i P
e e k o r e h C d n a r G J W d n a G W
d n a d e e p s t f i h s n o i s s i m s n a r T
L I M , s t n e m e v o r p m i l e e f
. n o i t a n i m u l l i
1 0 - 0 3 0 - 8 1
m a R , a t o k a D , n a V m a R 9 9 9 1
o g n a r u D , k c u r T
n o i s s i m s n a r t E R 6 4 h t i w
y t i l i b a r u d d n a y t i l a u q t f i h S
r o f y l l a i c e p s e , s t n e m e v o r p m i
R - N d n a D - N d e t a e p e r
. s t n e m e g a g n e
0 0 - 1 1 - 8 1
, g n i r b e S , r e g n e v A 9 9 9 1
, s u r r i C , e l b i t r e v n o C g n i r b e S
, e d r o c n o C , e z e e r B , s u t a r t S
n w o T , M 0 0 3 , S H L , d i p e r t n I
, n a v a r a C , y r t n u o C d n a
r e l w o r P , r e g a y o V
h c t u l c e g a t l o v w o L
C T D d e d d A . n o i t c e t o r p
. e g a t l o v y r e t t a b w o l : 4 1 7 1 P
6 9 - 9 2 - 8 1
n w o T , r e g a y o V , n a v a r a C 7 9 9 1
y r t n u o C d n a
g n i t f i h s e l t t u h s e l x a s n a r T
, r a e g d n 2 d n a d r 3 n e e w t e b
. e d a r g a g n i m i l c n e h w y l l a u s u
5 0 - 4 0 0 - 1 2
a c i f i c a P 4 0 0 2
s u t a r t S , g n i r b e S 4 0 0 2 - 2 0 0 2
n a d e S
, e e k o r e h C , y t r e b i L 3 0 0 2
r e l g n a r W
r e s i u r C T P , n o e N 3 0 0 2 - 2 0 0 2
, e d r o c n o C , M 0 0 3 4 0 0 2 - 2 0 0 2
d i p e r t n I
. t n e m e g a g n e d e y a l e D
d n a M C T m a r g o r p e R
. p m u p e c a l p e r
6 0 - 4 0 0 - 1 2
d n a n w o T 5 0 0 2 - 3 0 0 2
n a v a r a C , r e g a y o V , y r t n u o C
d i o n e l o s , 6 7 7 1 P C T D e s l a F
R / L n i d e h c t a l e v l a v h c t i w s
. n o i t i s o p
0 0 - 1 0 - 1 2
, o g n a r u D , n a V m a R 0 0 0 2
, k c u r T m a R , a t o k a D
e e k o r e h C
e r o f e b t l i u b E R 6 4 h t i w
9 9 / 1 0 / 2 1
e s r e v e r h s r a h t n e t t i m r e t n I
m a r g o r p e R . t n e m e g a g n e
d e t a d p u l l a t s n i d n a M C P
. y d o b e v l a v
A 8 9 - 2 0 - 1 2
d n a E A / E T 1 4 h t i w s e l c i h e v l l A
l a n r e t n i h t i w s e l x a s n a r t E L 2 4
) T F T ( . r o s n e s e g n a r
2 - 1 e t t o r h t t h g i l n o r e d d u h S
t f i h s p u 3 - 2 n o r e d d u h s , t f i h s
. n w o d k c i k 2 - 4 r o 2 - 3 r e t f a
0 0 - 4 0 - 1 2
s e i r e s E R h t i w s e l c i h e v l l A
e t a d d l i u b d n a n o i s s i m s n a r t
8 9 / 8 1 / 2 1 e r o f e b
r o n r e v o g , 3 6 7 1 P s u o e n o r r E
o o t e g a t l o v r o s n e s e r u s s e r p
. h g i h
s e l p m a x E B S T h s a l f e R a t o y o T
r e b m u N B S T s e l c i h e V t n i a l p m o C
1 0 - 3 0 0 G E 0 0 3 S I s u x e L 1 0 0 2
e l t t o r h t o t s t n e m e v o r p m I
t f i h s n w o d 2 - 5 d n a e s n o p s e r
. e m i t
2 0 - 4 0 0 G E
, 0 0 3 S I , 0 0 3 S G s u x e L 2 0 0 2
s s o r C t r o p S 0 0 3 S I d n a
r o , 6 0 3 0 P - 0 0 3 0 P C T D
g n i r u d t f i h s 3 - 2 h s r a h
. n o i t a r e l e c c a
2 0 - 5 0 0 G E 0 0 3 S I , 0 0 3 S G 1 0 0 2
t h g i l g n i r u d t f i h s 3 - 2 h s r a H
. n o i t a r e l e c c a e l t t o r h t
1 0 - 3 1 0 G E
h t i w y r m a C a t o y o T 2 0 0 2
E 0 4 1 U d n a e n i g n e E F - Z M 1
e l x a s n a r t
o t n o i t a r b i l a c d e t a d p U
. y t i l a u q t f i h s e v o r p m i
2 0 - 5 2 0 G E
d n a r e n n u R 4 a t o y o T 2 0 0 2
6 V a m o c a T
, 0 7 7 0 P C T D s u o e n o r r E
e c n a m r o f r e p ) C C T ( E S S
t o h n i g n i v i r d n e h w t l u a f
r o e d a r g a g n i b m i l c , r e h t a e w
. d a o l y v a e h a g n i l u a h
5 0 - 3 0 0 C T
y r m a C a t o y o T 5 0 0 2 - 4 0 0 2
5 d n a e n i g n e E F - Z M 3 h t i w
e l x a s n a r t c i t a m o t u a d e e p s
n e h w g a l t f i h s n w o D
0 2 - 0 1 m o r f g n i t a r e l e c c a
n e h w g n i t n u h r a e g , h p m
0 3 - 0 2 t a r o t a r e l e c c a f f o / n o
, ) c i f f a r t n i g n i v i r d ( h p m
y v a e h n o e s n o p s e r d e v o r p m i
. p o t s a m o r f n o i t a r e l e c c a
3 0 - 4 0 0 C T
0 0 3 S E s u x e L 3 0 0 2 - 2 0 0 2
0 3 3 S E s u x e L 5 0 0 2 - 4 0 0 2
. e v o b a s a s m o t p m y s e m a S
3 0 - 5 0 0 C T 0 3 3 X R s u x e L 5 0 0 2 - 4 0 0 2 . e v o b a s a s m o t p m y s e m a S
5 0 - 5 0 0 C T
y r m a C a t o y o T 5 0 0 2 - 4 0 0 2
5 d n a e n i g n e E F - Z M 1 h t i w
e l x a s n a r t c i t a m o t u a d e e p s
. e v o b a s a s m o t p m y s e m a S
4 0 - 6 0 0 C T 0 3 4 S L s u x e L 5 0 0 2 - 4 0 0 2
o t n o i t a r b i l a c d e t a d p U
. g n i t f i h s d e e p s w o l e c n a h n e
Figure 1C
Figure 1D
4-MikeVdRpgm.indd 5 7/11/07 10:55:01 AM
6 GEARS August 2007
Introduction to Reprogramming/Reflashing; Part I
interfaces. Pay attention to whether the
J2534 interface connects to the PC with
a USB or serial (RS232) port. This is
important, because you want to make
sure your PC has the port necessary to
connect to the J2534 interface.
There are other bonus features
to consider. For example, the Ease
Diagnostics J2534 interface has a wire-
less card option, which provides a wire-
less connection to a compatible PC.
The Ease interface is also used with all
Ease Diagnostics scan tool software, so
you only need one interface for scan-
ning and reprogramming.
So consider
the extra features
of each inter-
face carefully,
and make sure
your PC has the
required port for
connection.
PC
(Personal
Computer)
A desktop
computer will work just fine, but you
may prefer the portability of a laptop.
And if youre running scan tool soft-
ware, a laptop is pretty much a neces-
sity, so you can take it on road tests.
You dont need anything fancy
with the latest, fastest processor or a ton
of RAM (Random Access Memory).
For an operating system you should be
running Windows 2000 or Windows
XP (some manufacturers J2534 appli-
cation software requires Windows XP
Professional Edition) with at least 256
MB of RAM. 1GB or more of free hard
drive space will give you a little breath-
ing room. As
me nt i one d
e a r l i e r ,
make sure
you have an
unused serial
or USB port
to connect to
your J2534
interface.
IMPORTANT: Make sure you con-
figure your PCs Power Options. Click
on Start, then Control Panel, and then
select Power Options. Set your power
options as shown in figure 3; set every-
thing to Never for both Plugged in
and Running on batteries.
If your PC goes into standby or
hibernation while youre reprogram-
ming a module, the module can be
ruined! This is why these Power Options
settings on your PC are so important in
preparing for reprogramming.
OEM Service Web Sites
Each auto manufacturer now has
its own web site where you can access
service manual and reprogramming
information. Most of these sites charge
for access, offering subscription rates
for one or three days, one month, or
one year. The subscription rates vary
between manufacturers and change
from time to time, so its best to check
for the current rate.
When you subscribe, youll get
access to the most up-to-date factory
service bulletins, service and diagnos-
tic information, and reprogramming
application programs, files, and support
information. The web site addresses
for each auto manufacturer appears in
Table B.
J2534 Application
Software
The last key item you need for
reprogramming is the J2534 application
software from the OEM, which youll
install on your PC. Each auto manu-
facturer has its own J2534 application
software and delivery method. Some
have it available on CD-ROM; others
will have it available on their web sites.
Each auto manufacturer has a page on
their site explaining what options they
have available for J2534 reprogram-
ming.
In the next issue of GEARS well
go over OEM service information web
sites and application features, check-
ing for calibration updates and other
specifics on reprogramming GM, Ford,
Daimler-Chrysler, Toyota and a few
other manufacturers.









Table A: J2534 Interface manufacturers and web sites
Figure 2: J2534 interface with laptop and software
Figure 3: PC Power Options settings picture
800-451-3115
www.superior-traosissioo.co
For Portormanco and
uorgdag AppIIcazIon
6upor 6oruo
uorgdag 6upor 6oruo
11% More HoIding Power
Firmer 1-2 Shift
More Positive 2-3 Shift
Perfect For Heavy-Duty and Performance AppIications
The 727-518-618 SUPEROR
Super Servo
HEW
The C-6 R Super Servo (K016)
Positive 1-2 shift
Positive 2-3 shift
CIean 3-2 kickdown
The 200-4R Super Servo (K014)
Super positive 1-2 shift
Improves & cIeans up 2-3 shift
Positive 3-2 kickdown response
11% more surface appIy area than Grand NationaI Servo
The 700-R4 Super Servo (K012)
Largest appIy area avaiIabIe
Super positive 1-2
Positive 3-2 kickdown
Improved 2-3
The AOD-A+ Super Servo (K011)
HeIps eIiminate overdrive band faiIure
Gives positive 4th
DeIivers better hoIding capacity
Portormanco 6upor 6oruo
Part# K080
Resists wear in the pin bore
Increased forward engagement pressure
Reduced band faiIure and engagement probIems
The 4L30-E SUPEROR Low Band
Super Servo
l8$Fl01
f08 Nl8
The 904-500 Low and Reverse
Super Servo (K030)
StabiIized piston wiII not fIip in bore
Moves Iip seaI out of worn bore area (case saver)
Constructed of steeI for strength
The 727-518 RH/RE Low and Reverse
Super Servo (K029)
StabiIized piston wiII not fIip in bore
Moves Iip seaI out of worn bore area (case saver)
Constructed of steeI for strength
The 4L60/4L60E Overdrive Super Servo (K034)
Better hoIding capacity in 4th gear
Lip seaI design on piston (Iess Ieakage)
Proper 4-3 (no drag) reIease
10% more surface appIy area
kII
$FE8l08
$uer $ervos
kre 100%
Made ln
Ihe $k
4cc0pf 0 lm/faf/00s - ksk For
$FE8l08 $uer $ervos 8 amel
Find Out Why SUPERIOR Super Servos Are
The Favorite Of BuiIders From Coast To Coast
superior807.indd 7 7/11/07 9:43:04 AM