EX 1.

1
Example 1
Well Model Building and Calibration
in Wellflo 2010

Naturally Flowing Oil Well
EX 1.2
Introduction
This example will help you to learn how to build
a simple, one layer, naturally flowing oil well
model
Building well model includes the following
steps:

1. Step 1: Data Entry
Entering the necessary reservoir and well data

2. Step 2: Model Tuning
Tuning your base model to match the observed data

EX 1.3
To design a well model you need to enter these
sets of data:
Reservoir data:
Reservoir layer properties
Reservoir fluid properties
Well data:
Deviation data
Well completion data
Surface facilities data:
Data related to the facilities above wellhead such as riser,
choke, separator...
Observed data:
Pressure-Depth profiles
Temperature-Depth profile
Measured production rate or bottom hole flowing pressure


Data Entry
Step 1
EX 1.4
Summary of Well
and Reservoir Data
These are the summary of different sets of data that you
will use during this exercise.
1. Well data:
Casing: 1- 7 OD, 6.4 ID, 23 ppf casing to 8500 ft MD
Tubings: 1- 4.5 OD, 4 ID, 13 ppf Tubing to 3460 ft MD
2- 3.5 OD, 3 ID, 11 ppf Tubing to 5000 ft MD
4- 2.875 OD, 2.4 ID, 9 ppf Tubing to 7000 ft MD
2. Reservoir data:
Oil 38 API Water Gravity: 1.1
Gas Gravity: 0.82 GOR : 400 scf/stb
Water-cut: 17% Res. Press.: 3800 psia
Pb : 1850 psia Res. Temp.: 187
o
F
PI: 3.6 stb/day/psi Bo : 1.2 rb/stb
Step 1
EX 1.5
Data Entry in
WellFlo 2010
The data will be entered in the WellFlo 2010 in following
steps:
1. Initialization:
General data
Well and flow type
2. Flow Correlation
3. Reference Depths
4. Fluid parameters
5. Reservoir
6. Wellbore
Deviation data
Equipment
7. Surface data
Terrain data
Surface equipment
8. Temperature model

Step 1
EX 1.6
1- Initialization:
General data

In this step enter the general data related to your project.
1. In configuration panel click on file and select New
then click on General Data .








2. Remember in each step after you entered the data click
on Apply.

Step 1
EX 1.7
1- Initialization:
Well and flow type
You need to define the Well and flow type:
Vertical Producer, Black Oil, no Artificial Lift
Click on Well and Flow type
Step 1
EX 1.8
2- Flow correlation
This menu used to select the correlation to measure the
pressure drop across completion resulted from friction .
Click on Flow Correlation: leave it by default
Step 1
EX 1.9
3- Reference Depths
In this section you should define your reference point for
depth measurement: In this example Rotary Kelly
Bushing (RKB) is the reference point.
Rotary Kelly Bushing
Wellhead Elevation
Mean Sea Level
Sea Bed
Step 1
EX 1.10
3- Reference Depths
Click on Reference Depths : Enter details as below
Step 1
EX 1.11
4- Fluid parameters
Data entry
In this section PVT data should be entered.
1. Click on Fluid Parameters : Enter Properties as below










2. Click on Calculate
Note the results of Glasos correlation: Pb = 1715 psi Bo= 1.2

Step 1
EX 1.12
4- Fluid parameters
Data matching
Lab test indicated that
Pb=1850psia, therefore the
correlation should be tuned.
1. Click on Tune correlation to
PVT data
2. Right click on Fluid Model
and select Add Black Oil
Experiment data.
3. Change temperature to 187
o
F,
Pressure (below) to 3800psia,
and Saturation Pressure to
1850 psi, and Match then
Accept
Now Pb matched to the lab
test: Pb=1850 psia.



Step 1
EX 1.13
5- Reservoir
Reservoir properties and the parameters of desired IPR curve
should be entered.
1. Select Reservoir then Manual : Enter the properties as
below in General tab:

Step 1
EX 1.14
5- Reservoir
2. Click on IPR tab to see IPR curve.
The observed surface flowrate once was 5900 STB while the
well flowing pressure at that rate 2200 psia - this is the
measured data to which we will match the model.
3. On the IPR plot press Import External Data : Enter the data,
then click OK.

Step 1
EX 1.15
6- Deviation Data
Up to now well type has been defined and reservoir rock and fluid
properties has been entered.
Wellbore data including Deviation and Equipment data should be
entered in the following sections.
Click on Deviation in Wellbore section: Insert three lines, enter MD,
TVD pairs - edit last row to 8500, 7500
Step 1
EX 1.16
7- Equipment
Well completion was described in Slide 2
Select Equipment then Tubing tab: enter data as
below. After that select Casing: enter associated data
Step 1
EX 1.17
8- Dashboard
Data entry has been finished and the base model is
designed. This section will show you a schematic of your
production system.
Click on Dashboard.

Step 1
EX 1.18
Model Tuning
In this step the designed well model should be
tuned to match the measured data. This
includes 3 steps:

1. Finding the operating condition of the model which
means determining operating rate, operating bottom-
hole flowing pressure and pressure or temperature
profile versus depths.
2. Comparing the results of the model with the provided
measured data.
3. Running proper sensitivity analysis to select and tune
the desired parameters for example flow correlation.

Step 2
EX 1.19
Operating Condition
1. Select Analysis panel. Then Operating Condition.
2. Set the rate from 1000 to 10000 in 9 steps, then click Fill
and Apply.
3. Enter Pwh=200 psia then apply, and click Calculate.
Step 2
EX 1.20
Matching model with
Measured Data
The well model does not show the results
observed in reality because its pressure
correlation is not correct. It is corrected by
choosing the correct correlation and later
tuning it trying to match the measured data:
pressure vs. depth (when choosing the
correlation) and
operating rate&pressure (for tuning the chosen
correlation).
Step 2
EX 1.21
Tuning the Model to Match
the Measured Data
In Analysis tab select Wellbore Equipment Profile.
Select Edit or Export External Data. Add a row and copy-paste
the data from Example1.xls.
Note the model represent reasonable match with observed data.

Step 2
EX 1.22
In Analysis Operating Conditions tab check Pressure Drop and
enter only one rate =5900stb to ensure that we compare predicted
pressure profile vs. the observed one for the same rate
The next step is running sensitivity analysis on different Flow
correlations to select the best one.
1. In Analysis tab select Sensitivities. Create Well and riser Flow
correlation as sensitivity 1 :
(1) Duns and rus(Std); (2) Beggs and Brill (Std)
(3) Hagedorn and Brown (Std); (4) Orkizewski
2. Apply then calculate.

Step 2
Tuning the Model to Match
the Measured Data
EX 1.23
3. Click on Include in Plot. Select all correlation and then select
Plot Selected.










Note that the Hagedorn and Brown (Std) comes closest to the
observed data. Therefore put it as your Flow Correlation in
Configuration panel.
Step 2
Tuning the Model to Match
the Measured Data
EX 1.24
4. Come back to Operating
Conditions. Select Flow curves.
Import the operating rate and
pressure.

The measured operating rate and
pressure can be used to tune the
Flow correlation.
In WellFlo 2010 Flow correlation
can be tuned by changing L-Factor.
L-Factor is a correction factor that
modifies the computed pressure
gradient and it has an acceptable
range between 0.9 and 1.1.
Step 2
Tuning the Model to Match
the Measured Data
EX 1.25
Matching model with
Measured Data
5. Go to Sensitivities. Create new
Sensivity 2 for Well And riser
L-factor. Then Calculate and
plot the results.
6. Select the best L-Factor and
enter it in Flow Correlation in
configuration panel.

You have now the tuned well
model that can be used for
further analysis.
Step 2
EX 1.26
Qestions
How should the productivity index be changed to obtain a match
on the inflow curve?
What other reservoir parameter could be the cause of the slight
mismatch?
What else could be at fault?


EX 1.27
Useful Tips
Copy to clipboard allows you to copy
(and later to paste) the graph to the
ClipBoard. From here, it can be pasted
directly into a report.
Select data in a spreadsheet below a graph
and copy-paste them below the graph into
your report.
EX 1.28
Summary
A naturally flowing oil well was used to
demonstrate model building and calibration
The same procedures can be applied to oil wells
on artificial lift (gas-lift or ESP), gas and
condensate producers and gas or water
injectors.