Mixer Spur Search Calculator

Background: Spurious Responses

A spurious response in a mixer or frequency converter is any frequency or range of frequencies that may come into the system,
IF band, that is not at the desired or tuned frequency. Spurious responses may be either in or out of the RF input frequency
responses that are in the RF input band are much more serious as they cannot be rejected by filtering.

An image signal is an example of a spurious response. All mixers, except for the image-reject type, respond about equally to an
the "wrong" side of the LO) and to the "real" signal (RF on the "right" side of the LO). In most systems, frequencies in the
before the first downconversion, or image-reject mixers are used. Another example of a spurious response would be the "2x2" fre
fundamental, or "1x1" type mixer), where the 2nd harmonic of the RF mixes with the 2nd harmonic of the LO to produce an in
the image response, the "2x2" response and other higher-order responses are typically much lower than the "fundamental" or desir
designed mixer. Some mixer manufacturers supply data on the relative responses of "2x2" and other undesired "MxN" frequencie
levels.

Any nonlinear device, when presented with two or more input frequencies, will output not only the input frequencies but harmo
products of the input frequencies as well. The expression normally used for the mixing products is:

F
IF
= M * F
RF
+ N * F
LO
(1)


Where M and N are equal to 0, 1, 2, etc. In mixers, typical values of M and N for the "desired" response are M = 1 and N =
with low-side LO injection), M = -1 and N = 1 (for fundamental mixing with high-side LO injection), and M = 1 and N =
side LO injection). Although there is usually only one value each for M and N for the desired response, there are many more
produce undesired, or spurious, responses. Some examples:

M (RF harmonic) Value N (LO Harmonic) Value Signal
1 -1 Desired RF Input Signal
-1 1 Image Frequency
1 0 RF to IF Leakage
0 1 LO to IF Leakage
2 -2 Undesired (2x2) Response
-2 2 Another 2x2 Response

RF to IF leakage and LO to IF leakage are not technically spurious responses, since they are not in the IF band. Note that t
input signal versus the image or other spurious responses depends on the receiver design. Using this terminology, spurious r
all responses (that produce outputs that fall in the IF band) for which M (the RF harmonic) and N (the LO harmonic) are not e

Some rules of thumb for spurious responses can be derived from expression (1) above, when the desired values of M and N have
(fundamental mixing) and the undesired M and N are equal in magnitude (e.g., M = 2 and N = -2). The first is that the input fre
frequencies that will produce an MxM response is any frequency for which the fundamental IF response would be equal to the de
divided by M. Stated mathematically,

F
RF
(MxM) = F
RF
F
IF
(Fund.) = F
IF
(Desired) / M (2)

For example, any RF input frequency whose fundamental IF response would be half the desired IF frequency would constitute a 2
input frequency whose fundamental IF response would be one-third the desired IF frequency would constitute a 3x3 response.

From this rule, a second rule can be derived. This rule specifies the maximum IF center frequency that will lead to in
both the LO bandwidth (tuning range) and the IF bandwidth. The rule, stated mathematically, reads:

F
C|IF,MAX.
(MxM) = M/(M-1) * BW
LO
+ (M+1)/(2M - 2) * BW
IF
(3)

You can also look at this as a lower bound on a usable IF center frequency that will NOT support in-band MxM spurs. This would


F
IF,CEN.
(MxM) > M/(M-1) * BW
LO
+ (M+1)/(2M - 2) * BW
IF
(4)

For example, to move all 3x3 spurious responses out of the input RF band, the IF center frequency would have to be greater th
bandwidth, plus 4/4 (=1.0) times the IF bandwidth. To move all 2x2 spurious responses out of the input RF band, the IF cente
be greater than twice the LO bandwidth, plus 3/2 times the IF bandwidth.

Since the term that multiplies the IF bandwidth is always smaller than the term that multiplies the LO bandwidth for any M va
rule of thumb that's always safe to use is:

F
IF,CEN.
(MxM) > M/(M-1) * BW
RF
(5)

Since the RF bandwidth is always equal to the LO bandwidth plus the IF bandwidth for fundamental mixers. For example, to sup
responses (move them out of the RF band), the IF center frequency should be greater than 3/2 the RF bandwidth. To suppress a
responses, the IF center frequency needs to be greater than twice the RF bandwidth. Since this rule always guarantees that M
are outside the RF band, and it's simpler to remember than (4), use this one unless constraints require the use of (4). This
for fixed-LO, wideband IF receivers, where BW
LO
is zero or small compared to BW
IF
.

Input frequencies that generate MxN spurs, where |M| |N|, depend on the ratios of the LO and IF frequencies as well as the
are no simple rules of thumb such as (5) above to prevent these spurious responses. To identify these types of responses, a
needed. That is the purpose of this workbook.


A spurious response in a mixer or frequency converter is any frequency or range of frequencies that may come into the system, and be converted into the
IF band, that is not at the desired or tuned frequency. Spurious responses may be either in or out of the RF input frequency band, although spurious
reject type, respond about equally to an "image" signal (RF on
the "wrong" side of the LO) and to the "real" signal (RF on the "right" side of the LO). In most systems, frequencies in the image range are filtered out
reject mixers are used. Another example of a spurious response would be the "2x2" frequency range (in a
fundamental, or "1x1" type mixer), where the 2nd harmonic of the RF mixes with the 2nd harmonic of the LO to produce an in-band IF response. Unlike
order responses are typically much lower than the "fundamental" or desired response in a well-
designed mixer. Some mixer manufacturers supply data on the relative responses of "2x2" and other undesired "MxN" frequencies for specific input
Any nonlinear device, when presented with two or more input frequencies, will output not only the input frequencies but harmonics and intermodulation
2, etc. In mixers, typical values of M and N for the "desired" response are M = 1 and N = -1 (for fundamental mixing
side LO injection), and M = 1 and N = -2 (for subharmonic mixing with low-
side LO injection). Although there is usually only one value each for M and N for the desired response, there are many more values of M and N that can
RF to IF leakage and LO to IF leakage are not technically spurious responses, since they are not in the IF band. Note that the definitions of the desired
input signal versus the image or other spurious responses depends on the receiver design. Using this terminology, spurious responses can be defined as
all responses (that produce outputs that fall in the IF band) for which M (the RF harmonic) and N (the LO harmonic) are not equal to the desired values.
Some rules of thumb for spurious responses can be derived from expression (1) above, when the desired values of M and N have a magnitude of one
2). The first is that the input frequency or range of
frequencies that will produce an MxM response is any frequency for which the fundamental IF response would be equal to the desired IF frequency
For example, any RF input frequency whose fundamental IF response would be half the desired IF frequency would constitute a 2x2 response. An RF
third the desired IF frequency would constitute a 3x3 response.
From this rule, a second rule can be derived. This rule specifies the maximum IF center frequency that will lead to in-band MxM spurs. This depends on
band MxM spurs. This would read:
For example, to move all 3x3 spurious responses out of the input RF band, the IF center frequency would have to be greater than 3/2 (=1.5) times the LO
bandwidth, plus 4/4 (=1.0) times the IF bandwidth. To move all 2x2 spurious responses out of the input RF band, the IF center frequency would have to
Since the term that multiplies the IF bandwidth is always smaller than the term that multiplies the LO bandwidth for any M value, an approximation to this
Since the RF bandwidth is always equal to the LO bandwidth plus the IF bandwidth for fundamental mixers. For example, to suppress all 3x3 spurious
responses (move them out of the RF band), the IF center frequency should be greater than 3/2 the RF bandwidth. To suppress all 2x2 spurious
responses, the IF center frequency needs to be greater than twice the RF bandwidth. Since this rule always guarantees that MxM spurious responses
are outside the RF band, and it's simpler to remember than (4), use this one unless constraints require the use of (4). This would probably only happen
Input frequencies that generate MxN spurs, where |M| |N|, depend on the ratios of the LO and IF frequencies as well as the bandwidths. Thus, there
are no simple rules of thumb such as (5) above to prevent these spurious responses. To identify these types of responses, a spur finder program is
Mixer Spur Search Calculator
Instructions: Continuous LO Range
Enter the range of LO frequencies that the system will use in the "LO Frequency Range" cells, K6 and M6. Put the lowest LO f
highest LO frequency in cell M6. Enter the IF frequency range in cells K7 and M7, with the lowest IF frequency in cell K7 an
enter the M (RF harmonic) and N (LO harmonic) values that the system (or the conversion stage with which you are concerned) u
and K9 (for N). For example, for fundamental mixing with low-side LO injection, use M = 1 and N = -1. For fundamental mixing
use M = -1 and N = 1. For subharmonic mixing with low-side LO injection, use M = 1 and N = -2. The worksheet will then automat
frequency range and display it in the area labeled "Full RF Frequency Range". Use these numbers as a sanity check to make su
correct LO frequency range and IF bandwidth. Remember that, for a system using fundamental mixing, the RF bandwidth is the s
bandwidths. Enter the range over which you want the worksheet to search for spurs in the "Spurious Response Search Range", c
range should normally be somewhat wider than the "Full RF Frequency Range". For example, if the system is exposed to interfe
of the "Full RF Frequency Range" and uses an RF bandpass filter ahead of the downconverter, you may want to enter the bandwid
"Spurious Response Search Range".

Now, check the two frequency tables for cells with bold type. You should see your RF frequency range in a pair of cells with
background. The frequencies in these cells will match those in the "Full RF Frequency Range" area. Next, look for cells wit
background. Cells with a yellow background will display spurious responses in the "Spurious Response Search Range" of freque
maximum frequencies shown in these cells represent the range of input frequencies that will downconvert to frequencies in the
somewhere in the tuning range of LO frequencies. Cells with a red background display spurious responses in the "Full RF Freq
are highlighted with a red background because they display frequencies that are inside the computed RF band, which means they
the downconversion. Any cells that contain bold type and yellow or red backgrounds represent spurious responses in the downc
check the M (RF harmonic) and N (LO harmonic) values. The M values correspond to the row number in the table, and the N valu
column number. You can use the values of M and N to get an idea of the severity of the spurious response. For example, a hi
(e.g., M = 8 and N = -9, or "8 x 9") would have a much lower output from the converter than a low-order spur such as M = 2 and
RF order, or M value, of a spurious response dictates how the spurious output level will vary as a function of the input leve
value of 2 (or -2) will cause an IF output that increases by 2 dB for each 1 dB increase in RF input level. A spur with an M va
output level increase of 3 dB for each 1 dB increase in RF input level. Some mixer manufacturers provide tables of spurious
levels of LO and RF input power. If you want to have the worksheet search for spurs with M and/or N values above 9, you can
rows 18 and 32) and the "N" values (in column D). The only thing you have to watch out for is this: you need to keep the "M
values negative in Table I, and keep the "M" values negative and the "N" values positive in Table II. Otherwise, the frequen
right.

Why are there two frequency tables? Because, just like the desired response, the spurious responses have images. In fact, t
itself is technically a range of spurious responses. For example, for the case of fundamental mixing with low
row and column of Table I represent the desired range of input frequencies, and will be highlighted with a green background.
Table II will then represent the image frequency range. If this range of frequencies is inside your "Spurious Response Searc
"Full RF Frequency Range", then one or both of the frequencies will be highlighted with a yellow or red background.

The main purpose of the "Continuous LO Range" worksheet is to show if you've got any spurious responses at all, and what thei
(M and N values) are. To find out where in your system's frequency band you would tune to in order to be susceptible to the
"Discrete LO Channels" worksheet.
Enter the range of LO frequencies that the system will use in the "LO Frequency Range" cells, K6 and M6. Put the lowest LO frequency in cell K6 and the
highest LO frequency in cell M6. Enter the IF frequency range in cells K7 and M7, with the lowest IF frequency in cell K7 and the highest in cell M7. Then,
enter the M (RF harmonic) and N (LO harmonic) values that the system (or the conversion stage with which you are concerned) uses into cells K8 (for M)
1. For fundamental mixing with high-side LO injection,
2. The worksheet will then automatically compute the RF
frequency range and display it in the area labeled "Full RF Frequency Range". Use these numbers as a sanity check to make sure you've entered the
correct LO frequency range and IF bandwidth. Remember that, for a system using fundamental mixing, the RF bandwidth is the sum of the LO and IF
bandwidths. Enter the range over which you want the worksheet to search for spurs in the "Spurious Response Search Range", cells K11 and M11. This
range should normally be somewhat wider than the "Full RF Frequency Range". For example, if the system is exposed to interfering frequencies just outside
of the "Full RF Frequency Range" and uses an RF bandpass filter ahead of the downconverter, you may want to enter the bandwidth of this filter as the
Now, check the two frequency tables for cells with bold type. You should see your RF frequency range in a pair of cells with bold type and a green
background. The frequencies in these cells will match those in the "Full RF Frequency Range" area. Next, look for cells with bold type and a yellow or red
background. Cells with a yellow background will display spurious responses in the "Spurious Response Search Range" of frequencies. The minimum and
maximum frequencies shown in these cells represent the range of input frequencies that will downconvert to frequencies in the specified IF frequency range,
somewhere in the tuning range of LO frequencies. Cells with a red background display spurious responses in the "Full RF Frequency Range". These cells
are highlighted with a red background because they display frequencies that are inside the computed RF band, which means they can't be filtered out before
the downconversion. Any cells that contain bold type and yellow or red backgrounds represent spurious responses in the downconverter. For these cells,
check the M (RF harmonic) and N (LO harmonic) values. The M values correspond to the row number in the table, and the N values correspond to the
column number. You can use the values of M and N to get an idea of the severity of the spurious response. For example, a high-order spurious response
order spur such as M = 2 and N = -2, or "2 x 2". Also, the
RF order, or M value, of a spurious response dictates how the spurious output level will vary as a function of the input level. For example, a spur with an M
2) will cause an IF output that increases by 2 dB for each 1 dB increase in RF input level. A spur with an M value of 3 (or -3) will have an
output level increase of 3 dB for each 1 dB increase in RF input level. Some mixer manufacturers provide tables of spurious response levels for specific
levels of LO and RF input power. If you want to have the worksheet search for spurs with M and/or N values above 9, you can change the "M" values (in
rows 18 and 32) and the "N" values (in column D). The only thing you have to watch out for is this: you need to keep the "M" values positive and the "N"
values negative in Table I, and keep the "M" values negative and the "N" values positive in Table II. Otherwise, the frequency ranges in the tables won't be
Why are there two frequency tables? Because, just like the desired response, the spurious responses have images. In fact, the image frequency range
itself is technically a range of spurious responses. For example, for the case of fundamental mixing with low-side LO injection (M = 1 and N = -1), the first
row and column of Table I represent the desired range of input frequencies, and will be highlighted with a green background. The first row and column of
Table II will then represent the image frequency range. If this range of frequencies is inside your "Spurious Response Search Range", or somehow, in your
"Full RF Frequency Range", then one or both of the frequencies will be highlighted with a yellow or red background.
The main purpose of the "Continuous LO Range" worksheet is to show if you've got any spurious responses at all, and what their frequency range and order
(M and N values) are. To find out where in your system's frequency band you would tune to in order to be susceptible to the spurious responses, use the
Mixer Spur Search - Continuous LO Frequency Range
Desired RF Response
Spurious Responses (Inside Search Range)
LO Frequency Range: 10000 to 11000 Spurious Responses (Inside RF Band)
IF Frequency Range: 1450 to 1550 User Input Cells
Desired M (RF Harmonic) Value: 1
Desired N (LO Harmonic) Value: -1
Spurious Response Search Range: 11000 to 13000
Full RF Frequency Range: 11450 to 12550
Spurious Responses:
In Search Range: 20
In RF Band: 11
Mixer Spur Search Calculator
Instructions: Discrete LO Channels
Enter the range of LO frequencies that the system will use in the "LO Frequency Range" cells, H4 and J4. Put the lowest LO f
frequency in cell J4. Enter the LO frequency step size (channel spacing) in cell M4. Enter the IF frequency range in cells
H7 and the highest in cell J7. Then, enter the M (RF harmonic) and N (LO harmonic) values that the system (or the conversion
into cells J8 (for M) and J9 (for N). For example, for fundamental mixing with low-side LO injection, use M = 1 and N =
injection, use M = -1 and N = 1. For subharmonic mixing with low-side LO injection, use M = 1 and N = -
frequency range and display it in the area labeled "Full RF Frequency Range". Use these numbers as a sanity check to make su
frequency range and IF bandwidth. Remember that, for a system using fundamental mixing, the RF bandwidth is the sum of the L
will also display the tuned RF frequency range (a function of the slider position and the channel number), and the tuned RF c
you want the worksheet to search for spurs in the "Spurious Response Search Range", cells K11 and M11. This range should nor
RF Frequency Range". For example, if the system is exposed to interfering frequencies just outside of the "Full RF Frequency
ahead of the downconverter, you may want to enter the bandwidth of this filter as the "Spurious Response Search Range".

Now, check the two frequency tables for cells with bold type. You should see your RF frequency range in a pair of cells with
frequencies in these cells will match those in the "Tuned RF Frequency Range" area. Next, look for cells with bold type and
yellow background will display spurious responses in the "Spurious Response Search Range" of frequencies. The minimum and ma
cells represent the range of input frequencies that will downconvert to frequencies in the specified IF frequency range, with
background display spurious responses in the "Full RF Frequency Range". These cells are highlighted with a red background be
inside the computed RF band, which means they can't be filtered out before the downconversion. Any cells that contain bold t
represent spurious responses in the downconverter. For these cells, check the M (RF harmonic) and N (LO harmonic) values. T
number in the table, and the N values correspond to the column number. You can use the values of M and N to get an idea of t
example, a high-order spurious response (e.g., M = 8 and N = -9, or "8 x 9") would have a much lower output from the converter
N = -2, or "2 x 2". Also, the RF order, or M value, of a spurious response dictates how the spurious output level will vary as
spur with an M value of 2 (or -2) will cause an IF output that increases by 2 dB for each 1 dB increase in RF input level. A sp
output level increase of 3 dB for each 1 dB increase in RF input level. Some mixer manufacturers provide tables of spurious
RF input power. If you want to have the worksheet search for spurs with M and/or N values above 9, you can change the "M" va
values (in column D). The only thing you have to watch out for is this: you need to keep the "M" values positive and the "N
values negative and the "N" values positive in Table II. Otherwise, the frequency ranges in the tables won't be right.

Why are there two frequency tables? Because, just like the desired response, the spurious responses have images. In fact, t
technically a range of spurious responses. For example, for the case of fundamental mixing with low-side LO injection (M = 1 an
Table I represent the desired range of input frequencies, and will be highlighted with a green background. The first row and
image frequency range. If this range of frequencies is inside your "Spurious Response Search Range", or somehow, in your "Fu
of the frequencies will be highlighted with a yellow or red background.

The main purpose of the "Discrete LO Channels" worksheet is to identify which channels in your system are susceptible to spur
across to adjust the LO frequency (and thus the frequency the system is tuned to and the channel number) and watch the change
find all the spurious responses of the system in a single view, use the "Continuous LO Range" worksheet.
Enter the range of LO frequencies that the system will use in the "LO Frequency Range" cells, H4 and J4. Put the lowest LO frequency in cell H4 and the highest LO
frequency in cell J4. Enter the LO frequency step size (channel spacing) in cell M4. Enter the IF frequency range in cells H7 and J7, with the lowest IF frequency in cell
H7 and the highest in cell J7. Then, enter the M (RF harmonic) and N (LO harmonic) values that the system (or the conversion stage with which you are concerned) uses
side LO injection, use M = 1 and N = -1. For fundamental mixing with high-side LO
side LO injection, use M = 1 and N = -2. The worksheet will then automatically compute the RF
frequency range and display it in the area labeled "Full RF Frequency Range". Use these numbers as a sanity check to make sure you've entered the correct LO
frequency range and IF bandwidth. Remember that, for a system using fundamental mixing, the RF bandwidth is the sum of the LO and IF bandwidths. The worksheet
will also display the tuned RF frequency range (a function of the slider position and the channel number), and the tuned RF center frequency. Enter the range over which
you want the worksheet to search for spurs in the "Spurious Response Search Range", cells K11 and M11. This range should normally be somewhat wider than the "Full
RF Frequency Range". For example, if the system is exposed to interfering frequencies just outside of the "Full RF Frequency Range" and uses an RF bandpass filter
ahead of the downconverter, you may want to enter the bandwidth of this filter as the "Spurious Response Search Range".
Now, check the two frequency tables for cells with bold type. You should see your RF frequency range in a pair of cells with bold type and a green background. The
frequencies in these cells will match those in the "Tuned RF Frequency Range" area. Next, look for cells with bold type and a yellow or red background. Cells with a
yellow background will display spurious responses in the "Spurious Response Search Range" of frequencies. The minimum and maximum frequencies shown in these
cells represent the range of input frequencies that will downconvert to frequencies in the specified IF frequency range, with the current LO frequency. Cells with a red
background display spurious responses in the "Full RF Frequency Range". These cells are highlighted with a red background because they display frequencies that are
inside the computed RF band, which means they can't be filtered out before the downconversion. Any cells that contain bold type and yellow or red backgrounds
represent spurious responses in the downconverter. For these cells, check the M (RF harmonic) and N (LO harmonic) values. The M values correspond to the row
number in the table, and the N values correspond to the column number. You can use the values of M and N to get an idea of the severity of the spurious response. For
9, or "8 x 9") would have a much lower output from the converter than a low-order spur such as M = 2 and
2, or "2 x 2". Also, the RF order, or M value, of a spurious response dictates how the spurious output level will vary as a function of the input level. For example, a
2) will cause an IF output that increases by 2 dB for each 1 dB increase in RF input level. A spur with an M value of 3 (or -3) will have an
output level increase of 3 dB for each 1 dB increase in RF input level. Some mixer manufacturers provide tables of spurious response levels for specific levels of LO and
RF input power. If you want to have the worksheet search for spurs with M and/or N values above 9, you can change the "M" values (in rows 18 and 32) and the "N"
values (in column D). The only thing you have to watch out for is this: you need to keep the "M" values positive and the "N" values negative in Table I, and keep the "M"
values negative and the "N" values positive in Table II. Otherwise, the frequency ranges in the tables won't be right.
Why are there two frequency tables? Because, just like the desired response, the spurious responses have images. In fact, the image frequency range itself is
-side LO injection (M = 1 and N = -1), the first row and column of
Table I represent the desired range of input frequencies, and will be highlighted with a green background. The first row and column of Table II will then represent the
image frequency range. If this range of frequencies is inside your "Spurious Response Search Range", or somehow, in your "Full RF Frequency Range", then one or both
The main purpose of the "Discrete LO Channels" worksheet is to identify which channels in your system are susceptible to spurious responses. You can move the slider
across to adjust the LO frequency (and thus the frequency the system is tuned to and the channel number) and watch the changes to the spurious response tables. To
find all the spurious responses of the system in a single view, use the "Continuous LO Range" worksheet.
Mixer Spur Search - Discrete LO Frequency Channels
LO Frequency Range: 10000 11000 LO Step Size: 10 Desired RF Response
LO Frequency: 10000 Channel Number: 1 Spurious Responses (Inside Search Range)
230 Spurious Responses (Inside RF Band)
IF Frequency Range: 1450 to 1550 User Input Cells
Desired M (RF Harmonic) Value: 1
Desired N (LO Harmonic) Value: -1
Spurious Response Search Range: 11000 to 13000
Full RF Frequency Range: 11450 to 12550
Tuned RF Frequency Range: 11450 to 11550
Tuned RF Center Frequency: 11500
Spurious Responses:
In Search Range: 12
In RF Band: 5
N I. M (RF Harmonic) > 0, N (LO Harmonic) < 0
M 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
-1 11450 to 11550 5725 to 5775 3816.6667 to 3850 2862.5 to 2887.5 2290 to 2310 1908.333 to 1925 1635.714 to 1650 1431.25 to 1443.75 1272.222 to 1283.333
-2 21450 to 21550 10725 to 10775 7150 to 7183.333 5362.5 to 5387.5 4290 to 4310 3575 to 3591.6667 3064.286 to 3078.571 2681.25 to 2693.75 2383.333 to 2394.444
-3 31450 to 31550 15725 to 15775 10483.333 to 10516.67 7862.5 to 7887.5 6290 to 6310 5241.667 to 5258.3333 4492.857 to 4507.143 3931.25 to 3943.75 3494.444 to 3505.556
-4 41450 to 41550 20725 to 20775 13816.667 to 13850 10362.5 to 10387.5 8290 to 8310 6908.333 to 6925 5921.429 to 5935.714 5181.25 to 5193.75 4605.556 to 4616.667
-5 51450 to 51550 25725 to 25775 17150 to 17183.33 12862.5 to 12887.5 10290 to 10310 8575 to 8591.6667 7350 to 7364.286 6431.25 to 6443.75 5716.667 to 5727.778
-6 61450 to 61550 30725 to 30775 20483.333 to 20516.67 15362.5 to 15387.5 12290 to 12310 10241.67 to 10258.333 8778.571 to 8792.857 7681.25 to 7693.75 6827.778 to 6838.889
-7 71450 to 71550 35725 to 35775 23816.667 to 23850 17862.5 to 17887.5 14290 to 14310 11908.33 to 11925 10207.14 to 10221.43 8931.25 to 8943.75 7938.889 to 7950
-8 81450 to 81550 40725 to 40775 27150 to 27183.33 20362.5 to 20387.5 16290 to 16310 13575 to 13591.667 11635.71 to 11650 10181.25 to 10193.75 9050 to 9061.111
-9 91450 to 91550 45725 to 45775 30483.333 to 30516.67 22862.5 to 22887.5 18290 to 18310 15241.67 to 15258.333 13064.29 to 13078.57 11431.25 to 11443.75 10161.11 to 10172.22
N II. M (RF Harmonic) < 0, N (LO Harmonic) > 0
M -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
1 8450 to 8550 4225 to 4275 2816.6667 to 2850 2112.5 to 2137.5 1690 to 1710 1408.333 to 1425 1207.143 to 1221.429 1056.25 to 1068.75 938.8889 to 950
2 18450 to 18550 9225 to 9275 6150 to 6183.333 4612.5 to 4637.5 3690 to 3710 3075 to 3091.6667 2635.714 to 2650 2306.25 to 2318.75 2050 to 2061.111
3 28450 to 28550 14225 to 14275 9483.3333 to 9516.667 7112.5 to 7137.5 5690 to 5710 4741.667 to 4758.3333 4064.286 to 4078.571 3556.25 to 3568.75 3161.111 to 3172.222
4 38450 to 38550 19225 to 19275 12816.667 to 12850 9612.5 to 9637.5 7690 to 7710 6408.333 to 6425 5492.857 to 5507.143 4806.25 to 4818.75 4272.222 to 4283.333
5 48450 to 48550 24225 to 24275 16150 to 16183.33 12112.5 to 12137.5 9690 to 9710 8075 to 8091.6667 6921.429 to 6935.714 6056.25 to 6068.75 5383.333 to 5394.444
6 58450 to 58550 29225 to 29275 19483.333 to 19516.67 14612.5 to 14637.5 11690 to 11710 9741.667 to 9758.3333 8350 to 8364.286 7306.25 to 7318.75 6494.444 to 6505.556
7 68450 to 68550 34225 to 34275 22816.667 to 22850 17112.5 to 17137.5 13690 to 13710 11408.33 to 11425 9778.571 to 9792.857 8556.25 to 8568.75 7605.556 to 7616.667
8 78450 to 78550 39225 to 39275 26150 to 26183.33 19612.5 to 19637.5 15690 to 15710 13075 to 13091.667 11207.14 to 11221.43 9806.25 to 9818.75 8716.667 to 8727.778
9 88450 to 88550 44225 to 44275 29483.333 to 29516.67 22112.5 to 22137.5 17690 to 17710 14741.67 to 14758.333 12635.71 to 12650 11056.25 to 11068.75 9827.778 to 9838.889