STRATEGIC MANAGMENT

A PROJECT REPORT ON DISASTER MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
AWARD OF THE M.COM DEGREE PART-1
MASTER IN COMMERCE
(MANAGEMENT)

SUBMITTED TO
UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI,
LALA LAJPATRAI COLLEGE,
MAHALAXMI

SUBMITTED BY
PRATEEK LODHA
UNIVERSITY ROLL NO. 6!
SUPERVISED BY
P"#$. D". S. V. LASUNE
PROFESSOR

CERTIFICATE
I hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the M.Com interna pro!ect report entited "#I$A$TE% MANAGEMENT
$T%ATEGIE$&' in partia f(fiment of the re)(irements for the award of the Master of Commerce in Management and s(bmitted to the *aa
*a!patrai Coege of Commerce and Economics' Mahaa+mi' M(mbai,-.../- is an a(thentic record of my own work carried o(t (nder the
s(per0ision of 1rof. #r. $. 2. *A$3NE The matter presented in this 1ro!ect %eport has not been s(bmitted by me for the award of any other degree
esewhere.
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S%&'()*"+ #$ ),+ S*0+"1%2#". ///////////////////
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I wo(d ike to pace on record my deep sense of gratit(de to 1rof. #r. $. 2. *A$3NE' for her genero(s g(idance' hep and (sef( s(ggestions.
I aso wish to e+tend my thanks to my coeag(es for attending my seminars and for their insightf( comments and constr(cti0e s(ggestions to
impro0e the )(aity of this pro!ect work.
I am e+tremey thankf( to #r. $.2.*A$3NE(Coordinator) and 1rincipa Mrs. Neeam Arora' for pro0iding me infrastr(ct(ra faciities to work in'
witho(t which this work wo(d not ha0e been possibe.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
S".N# TOPIC PAGE
1 INTRODUCTION 1
INSTITUTIONAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK
7 DISASTER MANAGEMENT POLICY 6
8 FEATURES OF DRAFT ON NP DISASTER 6
! DISASTER MANAGEMENT ACT 9
6 LEGAL AND TECHNOLEGAL FRAMEWORK :
9 DISASTER PREVENTION AND MITIGATION 1;-16
< DEVELOPMENT AND REVISION OF CODES 19-;
: DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAMMER 1-6
1; HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT :
11 INFORMATION,EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION 71-77
1 PREPARDNESS 78-76
17 NATIONAL EMERGENCY OPERATION CENTER 8;-87
18 CONCLUSION 86
1! WEBLIOGRAPHY 89
Introduction
1.1 India has been traditionally vulnerable to natural disasters
on account of its
unique geo-climatic conditions. Floods, droughts, cyclones,
earthquakes
and
landslides have been a recurrent phenomena. About 6! of
the landmass is prone
to earthquakes of various intensities" over # million hectares is
prone to floods"
about $! of the total area is prone to cyclones and 6$! of the area
is susceptible
to drought. In the decade 1%%-&, an average of about
#'## people lost their
lives and about ' million people (ere affected by disasters
every year. )he loss
in terms of private, community and public assets has
been astronomical.
1.& At the global level, there has been considerable concern over
natural disasters. *ven as substantial scientific and material
progress is made, the loss of
lives and property due to disasters has not decreased. In fact,
the human toll and
economic losses have mounted. It (as in this background that
the +nited ,ations
-eneral Assembly, in 1%$%, declared the decade 1%%-& as
the International
.ecade for ,atural .isaster /eduction (ith the ob0ective to
reduce loss of lives
and property and restrict socio-economic damage through
concerted international
action, specially in developing countries.
Institutional and Policy Framework
&.& Although, the primary responsibility for disaster management is
of
the
concerned 1tate -overnments, the 2entral -overnment plays a
key role by
providing financial and logistic support in case of ma0or disasters
and co-ordinate
the effort of all 2entral 3inistries4.epartments45rgani6ations.
At the ape7 level,
the 2abinet 2ommittee on .rought 3anagement has been
reconstituted and
converted into a 2abinet 2ommittee on ,atural 2alamities. )he
scope of the
2ommittee has been enlarged so as to address mitigation
and preparedness
measures also. A 8igh 9evel 2ommittee of 3inisters under
the 2hairmanship of
3inister of Agriculture deals (ith financial support required to
be provided to the
1tate -overnments from the ,ational 2alamity 2ontingency Fund,
if the funds
available (ith the 1tate -overnments under 2entral /elief Fund
are not adequate.
)he matters relating to nuclear, biological and chemical
emergencies are looked
after by the 2abinet 2ommittee on 1ecurity.
&.: 3itigation, preparedness and response are multi-
disciplinary functions,
involving a number of 3inistries4.epartments.
Institutional mechanisms (hich
(ould facilitate this inter-disciplinary approach are being put in
place. It is
proposed to create .isaster4*mergency 3anagement
Authorities, both at the
,ational and 1tate levels, (ith representatives from the
relevant 3inistries4.epartments to bring about this
coordinated and multidisciplinary
approach (ith e7perts covering a large number of branches.
)he ,ational
$
*mergency 3anagement Authority is proposed to be constituted.
)he organi6ation (ill be multi-disciplinary (ith e7perts covering a
large
number of
branches. )he ,ational *mergency 3anagement Authority is
proposed
as a
combined 1ecretariat4.irectorate structure - a structure (hich
(ill be an integral
part of the -overnment (hile, at the same time, retaining
the fle7ibility of a field
organi6ation. )he Authority (ill be headed by an officer of the rank
of 1ecretary4
1pecial 1ecretary to the -overnment in the 3inistry of 8ome
Affairs (ith
representatives from the 3inistries4.epartments of 8ealth,
;ater /esources,
*nvironment < Forest, Agriculture, /ail(ays, Atomic *nergy,
.efence, ./.5,
*7ternal Affairs, 1pace, Information and =roadcasting,
2hemicals, 1cience <
)echnology, )elecommunication, +rban *mployment and
>overty alleviation,
/ural .evelopment and Indian 3eteorological .epartment as
3embers.
)he
authority (ould meet as often as required and revie( the 1tatus
of (arning
systems, mitigation measures and disaster preparedness. ;hen
a disaster strikes,
the Authority (ill coordinate disaster management activities.
The Authority will
be responsible for:-
>roviding necessary support and assistance to 1tate -overnments
by (ay of
resource data, macro-management of emergency response,
speciali6ed
emergency response teams, sharing of disaster related data base
etc.
2oordinating4mandating -overnment?s policies for
disaster reduction4mitigation
*nsuring adequate preparedness at all levels in order to
meet disasters
2oordinating response to a disaster (hen it strikes
Assisting the 1tate -overnments in coordination post disaster relief
2oordinating resources of all 2entral -overnment
.epartments4agencies
involved.
%
3onitor and introduce a culture of building requisite features
of disaster
mitigation in all development plans and programmes.
Any other items of (ork (hich may be entrusted to it by
the -overnment.
)he 1tates have also been asked to set up .isaster
3anagement Authorities under
the 2hief 3inister (ith 3inisters of relevant .epartments
@;ater /esources,
Agriculture, .rinking ;ater 1upply, *nvironment < Forests,
+rban .evelopment, 8ome, /ural .evelopment etc.A as members.
11 1tates and +)s -
)amil ,adu, Arunachal >radesh, +ttaranchal, 5rissa, -u0arat,
Berala, ,agaland,
/a0asthan, .elhi, A<, administration and 2handigarh
Administration have
notified the authority. )he other 1tates are in the process of
setting up similar
authorities.
&.% Disaster Manaement Policy: .isaster management
is a multidisciplinary
activity involving a number of .epartments4agencies spanning
across
all sectors of development. ;here a number of
.epartments4agencies
are
involved, it is essential to have a policy in place, as it serves as
a frame(ork for
action by all the relevant departments4agencies. A ,ational >olicy
on .isaster
3anagement has been drafted, and is in the process of being
finali6ed. After interministerial
consultations, it (ill be submitted to the 2abinet for approval. In
the line (ith the changed focus, the policy proposes to integrate
disaster mitigation
into development planning. )he policy shall inform all spheres
of 2entral
-overnment activity and shall en0oin upon all e7isting sectoral
policies. )he broad
ob0ectives of the policy are to minimi6e the loss of lives and
social, private and
community assets because of natural or man-made disasters
and contribute to
sustainable development and better standards of living for all,
more specifically
for the poor and vulnerable section by ensuring that the
development gains are not
lost through natural calamities4 disaster.
&.1 )he policy notes that 1tate -overnments are
primarily responsible for
disaster management including prevention and mitigation, (hile
the -overnment
of India provides assistance (here necessary as per the norms
laid do(n from time
to time and proposes that this overall frame(ork may
continue. 8o(ever, since
response to a disaster requires coordination of resources
available across all the
.epartments of the -overnment, the policy mandates that the
2entral -overnment
(ill, in con0unction (ith the 1tate -overnments, seek to ensure
that such a
coordination mechanism is laid do(n through an appropriate chain
of command so
that mobili6ation of resources is facilitated.
&.11 )he broad features of the draft ,ational >olicy on
.isaster 3anagement are
enunciated belo(C-
iD Adoption of a holistic and pro-active approach to(ards
prevention, mitigation and preparedness.
iiD Incorporation of mitigation measures in the on-
going schemes4programmes.
iiiD *ach 3inistry4.epartment of the 2entral41tate -overnment
(ill
set
apart an appropriate quantum of funds under the >lan for
specific schemes4pro0ects addressing vulnerability reduction
and
preparedness.
ivD ;here there is a shelf of pro0ects, pro0ects addressing
mitigation (ill be
given priority.
vD *ach pro0ect in a ha6ard prone area to have mitigation as
an essential
term of reference and to include a statement indicating as to ho(
the pro0ect addresses vulnerability reduction.
viD 2ommunity involvement and a(areness generation, particularly
that
of
the vulnerable segments of population and (omen has been
emphasi6ed
as necessary for sustainable disaster risk reduction. )his is a
critical
component of the policy since communities are the first responders
to
disasters and, therefore, unless they are empo(ered and made
capable
1'
of managing disasters, any amount of e7ternal support cannot lead
to optimal results.
viiD Interaction (ith the corporate sector, non-
governmental organi6ations
and the media in the national efforts for
disaster prevention4vulnerability
reduction.
viiiD =uilding up institutional structures4appropriate chain of
command
and
imparting appropriate training to disaster managers at various levels
to ensure coordinated and quick response and development of inter-
1tate arrangements for sharing of resources during emergencies.
i7D Inculcating a culture of planning and preparedness at all levels
for capacity building measures.
7D Formulation of 1tandard 5perating >rocedures E15>sD and
disaster management plans at state and district levels as (ell as by
relevant central government departments.
7iD 2ompliance (ith construction designs laid do(n in relevant
Indian 1tandards.
7iiD *valuation and, (here necessary, retrofitting of lifeline
buildings
in
seismic 6ones III, IF < F - hospitals, rail(ay stations,
airports4airport control to(ers, fire station buildings,
communication net(ork, ma0or administrative buildings.
7iiiD 2onversion of relief codes into disaster management codes
for institutionali6ing the planning process.
7ivD >romotion of international cooperation in the area of
disaster response,
preparedness and mitigation in tune (ith national strategic goals
and ob0ectives.
&.1# Disaster Manaement Act: )he 1tates have been advised
to enact .isaster
3anagement Acts to provide for authorities coordinating
mitigation, preparedness
and response as (ell as for various mitigation4preparedness
measures required to
be undertaken. )(o 1tates, -u0arat < =ihar, have already
enacted such a la(.
5ther 1tates are in the process. A proposal for enacting a
,ational .isaster
3anagement Act is under e7amination.
!eal and Techno-leal Framework
&.1# Disaster Manaement Act: )he 1tates have been advised
to enact .isaster
3anagement Acts to provide for authorities coordinating
mitigation, preparedness
and response as (ell as for various mitigation4preparedness
measures required to
be undertaken. )(o 1tates, -u0arat < =ihar, have already
enacted such a la(.
5ther 1tates are in the process. A proposal for enacting a
,ational .isaster
3anagement Act is under e7amination.
&.1: Disaster Manaement "ode: In line (ith the changed
approach, the 1tate
-overnments have also been advised to convert their /elief 2odes
into .isaster
3anagement 2odes by building into it the process necessary
for dra(ing up
disaster management and mitigation plans as (ell as elements
of preparedness
apart from response and relief. A 2ommittee constituted under
the *7ecutive
.irector, ,ational institute of .isaster 3anagement has
drafted a 3odel .isaster
3anagement 2ode (hich is being circulated to the 1tates so as
to assist them in
this process. 1ome 1tates have constituted committees to revise
the codes as per
-5I guidelines. )he revised codes (ill ensure that the process
of dra(ing up
disaster management plans and mitigation and preparedness
measures gets
institutionali6ed.
&.16 ;ith the above-mentioned institutional mechanisms and
policy frame(orks
in position and the actions taken to implement the policy
guidelines, it is e7pected
that the task of moving to(ards vulnerability reduction (ill be
greatly facilitated.
16
#$"TI%& III
Disaster Pre'ention and Mitiation
'.1 )he Gokohama message emanating from the International
.ecade
for
,atural .isaster /eduction in 3ay, 1%%# underlined the need for
an emphatic shift
in the strategy for disaster mitigation. It (as inter-alia stressed
that disaster
prevention, mitigation, preparedness and relief are four
elements (hich contribute
to and gain from the implementation of the sustainable
development policies.
)hese elements along(ith environmental protection and
sustainable development,
are closely inter related, and it (as therefore, recommended
that ,ations should
incorporate them in their development plans and ensure
efficient follo( up
measures at the community, sub-regional, regional, national
and international
levels. )he Gokohama 1trategy also emphasi6ed that
disaster prevention,
mitigation and preparedness are better than disaster response
in achieving the
goals and ob0ectives of vulnerability reduction. .isaster response
alone is not
sufficient as it yields only temporary results at a very high
cost. >revention and
mitigation contribute to lasting improvement in safety and
are essential to
integrated disaster management.
'.& Mainstreamin Disaster Manaement into
De'elopment: )he -overnment of India have adopted
mitigation and prevention as
essential
components of their development strategy. )he )enth Five Gear
>lan document
has a detailed chapter on .isaster 3anagement. A copy of the
said chapter is
enclosed at Anne(ure - II) )he plan emphasi6es the fact that
development cannot
be sustainable (ithout mitigation being built into
developmental process. *ach
1tate is supposed to prepare a plan scheme for disaster mitigation
in accordance
(ith the approach outlined in the plan. In brief, mitigation is
being mainstreamed
into developmental planning.
1H
'.' Financial Arranement: As indicated in the earlier chapter,
the Finance
2ommission makes recommendations (ith regard to devolution of
funds bet(een
the 2entral -overnment and 1tate -overnments as also outlays
for relief and
rehabilitation. )he earlier Finance 2ommissions (ere mandated to
look at relief
and rehabilitation. )he )erms of /eference of the )(elfth
Finance 2ommission
have been changed and the Finance 2ommission has been mandated
to look at the
requirements for mitigation and prevention apart from its
e7isting mandate of
looking at relief and rehabilitation. A 3emorandum has been
submitted to the
)(elfth Finance 2ommission after consultation (ith 1tates.
)he 3emorandum
proposes creation of a disaster mitigation fund, (hich (ill assist
the 1tates in
taking mitigation measures like retrofitting of lifeline
buildings, coastal shelterbelt
plantation etc.
'.# )he -overnment of India have issued guidelines that (here
there is a shelf
of pro0ects, pro0ects addressing mitigation (ill be given priority.
It has also been
mandated that each pro0ect in a ha6ard prone area (ill have
disaster prevention4mitigation as a term of reference and the
pro0ect
document has to
reflect as to ho( the pro0ect addresses that term of reference.
A copy of the
guidelines is at Anne(ure - III)
'.: Flood Preparedness and response: 3easures for flood
mitigation (ere
taken from 1%: on(ards. As against the total of # million
hectares prone to
floods, area of about 1: million hectares have been protected
by construction of
embankments. A number of dams and barrages have been
constructed. )he 1tate
-overnments have been assisted to take up mitigation programmes
like construction of raised platforms etc. Floods continue to be a
menace
ho(ever
mainly because of the huge quantum of silt being carried by the
rivers emanating
from the 8imalayas. )his silt has raised the bed level in many rivers
to above the
1$
level of the countryside. *mbankments have also given rise to
problems
of
drainage (ith heavy rainfall leading to (ater logging in areas
outside
the
embankment. In order to respond effectively to floods, 3inistry
of 8ome Affairs
have initiated ,ational .isaster /isk 3anagement >rogramme in all
the floodprone
1tates. Assistance is being provided to the 1tates to dra( up
disaster
management plans at the 1tate, .istrict, =lock4)aluka and Fillage
levels.
A(areness generation campaigns to sensiti6e all stakeholders on
the need for
flood preparedness and mitigation measures are being
undertaken. *lected
representatives and officials are being trained in flood
disaster management under
the programme. =ihar, 5rissa, ;est =engal, Assam and +ttar
>radesh are among
the 1H multi-ha6ard prone 1tates (here this programme is
being implemented (ith
assistance from +,.>, +1AI. and *uropean 2ommission.
'.: $arth*uake +isk Mitiation: A comprehensive programme
has been
taken up for earthquake risk mitigation. Although the =I1 has
laid do(n the
standards for construction in the seismic 6ones, these (ere not
being follo(ed.
)he building construction in urban and suburban areas is regulated
by the )o(n
and 2ountry >lanning Acts and =uilding /egulations. In many cases,
the =uilding
regulations do not incorporate the =I1 codes. *ven (here they do,
the lack of
kno(ledge regarding seismically safe construction among
the architects and
engineers as (ell as lack of a(areness regarding their
vulnerability among the
population led to most of the construction in the urban4sub-
urban areas being
(ithout reference to =I1 standards. In the rural areas, the bulk
of the housing is
non-engineered construction. )he mode of construction in the
rural areas has also
changed from mud and thatch to brick and concrete
construction thereby
increasing the vulnerability. )he increasing population has led
to settlements in
vulnerable areas close to the river bed areas (hich are prone
to liquefaction. )he
-overnment have moved to address these issues.
1%
'.6 &ational "ore ,roup for $arth*uake +isk Mitiation: A
,ational 2ore
-roup for *arthquake /isk 3itigation has been constituted
consisting of e7perts
in earthquake engineering and administrators. )he 2ore -roup
has been assigned
the responsibility of dra(ing up a strategy and plan of action
for mitigating the
impact of earthquakes" providing advice and guidance to the 1tates
on various
aspects of earthquake mitigation" developing4organi6ing
the preparation of
handbooks4pamphlets4type designs for earthquake-
resistant construction" (orking
out systems for assisting the 1tates in the seismically
vulnerable 6ones to
adopt4integrate appropriate =ureau of Indian 1tandards codes in
their building
byela(s" evolving systems for training of municipal engineers as
also practicing
architects and engineers in the private sector in the salient
features of =ureau of
Indian 1tandards codes and the amended byela(s" evolving a system
of certification of architects4engineers for testing their kno(ledge
of earthquakeresistant
construction" evolving systems for training of masons and carrying
out intensive a(areness generation campaigns.
'.H +e'iew of buildin bye-laws and their adoption: 3ost
casualties during
earthquakes are caused by the collapse of structures.
)herefore structural
mitigation measures are the key to make a significant impact
to(ards earthquake
safety in our country. In vie( of this the 1tates in earthquake
prone 6ones have
been requested to revie(, and if necessary, amend their building
byela(s to
incorporate the =I1 seismic codes for construction in the
concerned 6ones. 3any
1tates have initiated necessary action in this regard. An
*7pert 2ommittee
appointed by the 2ore -roup on *arthquake /isk 3itigation has
already submitted its report covering appropriate amendments to
the e7isting
)o(n <
2ountry >lanning Acts, 9and +se Ioning /egulation,
.evelopment 2ontrol
/egulations < =uilding =yla(s, (hich could be used by the
1tate -overnments <
the local bodies there-under to upgrade the e7isting legal
instruments. )he 3odel
=uilding =yla(s also cover the aspect of ensuring
technical implementation of the
&
safety aspects in all ne( constructions < upgrading the strength
of e7isting
structurally vulnerable constructions. )o facilitate the revie(
of e7isting building
byela(s and adoption of the proposed amendments by the
1tate -overnments <
+) administrations, discussion (orkshops at regional level in
the country are
being organi6ed. It is e7pected that all planning authorities and
local bodies (ill
soon have development control regulations and building byela(s
(hich (ould
include multi-ha6ard safety provisions.
'.$ De'elopment and +e'ision of "odesC )he =ureau of
Indian 1tandard
E=I1D codes are relevant for multi-ha6ard resistant design
and construction. 1ome
of the codes need to be updated. )here are some areas for
(hich codes do not
e7ist. An action plan has been dra(n up for revision of e7isting
codes, development of ne( codes and documents4commentaries and
making these codes
and documents available all over the country including on-line access
to these
codes. An Ape7 committee consisting of representatives of 3inistry
of 2onsumer
Affairs, =I1 and 38A has been constituted to revie( the
mechanism and process
of development of codes relevant to earthquake risk mitigation
and establish a
protocol for revision by =I1.
'.% -a.ard #afety "ells in #tates: )he 1tates have been advised
to constitute
8a6ard 1afety 2ells E812D headed by the 2hief *ngineer, 1tate
>;. (ith
necessary engineering staff so as to establish mechanism for
proper
implementation of the building codes in all future -ovt.
constructions,
and to
ensure the safety of buildings and structures from various
ha6ards. )he 812s (ill
also be responsible for carrying out appropriate design revie( of
all -overnment
buildings to be constructed in the 1tate, act as an advisory cell to
the 1tate
-overnment on the different aspects of building safety
against ha6ards and act as a
consultant to the 1tate -overnment for retrofitting of the
lifeline buildings.
&1
/a0asthan, ;est =engal, .elhi and 2hhatisgarh have
already constituted these
cells and other 1tates are in the process.
'.1 &ational Proramme for "apacity /uildin of $nineers and
Architects in $arth*uake +isk Mitiation: )(o ,ational
>rogrammes
for
2apacity =uilding in *arthquake /isk 3itigation for *ngineers
and Architects
respectively, have been approved to assist the 1tate -overnments
in building up
capacities for earthquake mitigation. +nder these t(o
programmes 1,
engineers and 1, architects in the 1tates (ill be given training
in seismically
safe building designs and related techno-legal
requirements. Assistance is being
provided to the 1tate4+)s to build the capacities of more than
1&: 1tate
*ngineering 2olleges and 11 Architecture 2olleges to be able
to provide
advisory services to the 1tate -overnments to put in place
appropriate technolegal
regime, assessment of buildings and infrastructures and
their retrofitting.
)hese institutions (ill function as 1tate /esource
Institutions. )(enty-one
*ngineering and Architecture Institutions have been designated
as ,ational
/esource Institutes to train the faculty members of selected
1tate *ngineering and
Architecture colleges. #: engineering faculty members and &:
architecture
faculty members of these 1tate /esource Institutions (ill be
trained during the
current year.
'.11 Trainin of rural masons: A programme to assist the
1tates4+)s
in
training and certification of : masons has been formulated
in consultation
(ith 8ousing and +rban .evelopment 2orporation E8+.25D and
the 3inistry of
/ural .evelopment. )he training module for masons to include
multiha6ard
resistant construction has also been prepared by an e7pert
committee and revised
curriculum (ill be introduced in the vocational training programme
of 3inistry of
8uman /esource .evelopment.
&&
'.1& $arth*uake $nineerin in
0nderraduate $nineerin1Architecture
"urriculaC )he role of engineers and architects is crucial in
reducing earthquake
risks by ensuring that the construction adheres to the norms
of seismic safety. In
vie( of this, the elements of earthquake engineering are
being integrated into the
undergraduate engineering and architecture courses. 3odel
course curricula have
been developed for adoption by various technical institutions
and universities and
circulated to the +niversities and )echnical Institutions
for integration into the
undergraduate curriculum. 3inistry of 8ome Affairs is (orking
(ith All India
2ouncil of )echnical *ducation EAI2)*D and 2ouncil of
Architecture E25AD for
introduction of revised curricula for engineering and
architecture course from
&:-&6.
'. 1' +etro2ttin of !ifeline buildins: ;hile these
mitigation measures (ill
take care of the ne( constructions, the problem of unsafe
e7isting building
stock (ould still remain. It (ill not be possible to address the
entire e7isting
building stock, therefore the life line buildings like hospitals,
schools or buildings
(here people congregate like cinema halls, multi-storied
apartments are being
focused on. )he 1tates have been advised to have these
buildings assessed and
(here necessary retrofitted. )he 3inistries of 2ivil Aviation,
/ail(ays, )elecommunication, >o(er and 8ealth and Family ;elfare
have been
advised to
take necessary action for detailed evaluation and retrofitting
of lifeline buildings
located in seismically vulnerable 6ones so as to ensure that
they comply (ith =I1
norms. Action plans have been dra(n up by these 3inistries
for detailed
vulnerability analysis and retrofitting4 strengthening of buildings
and structures.
)he 3inistry of Finance has been requested to advise the
financial institutions to
give loans for retrofitting on easy terms. Accordingly the 3inistry
of Finance had
advised /eserve =ank of India to issue suitable instructions to all
the =anks and
&'
Financial Institutions to see that =I1 codes4bye la(s are
scrupulously follo(ed
(hile financing4refinancing construction activities in
seismically vulnerable 6ones.
'.1# &ational $arth*uake +isk Mitiation Pro3ect: An
*arthquake 3itigation
>ro0ect has been dra(n up, (ith an estimated cost of /s.11'&
crore. )he pro0ect
has been given in-principle clearance by the >lanning 2ommission.
)he programme includes detailed evaluation and retrofitting of
lifeline
buildings such
as hospitals, schools, (ater and po(er supply units,
telecommunication buildings,
airports4airport control to(ers, rail(ay stations, bus stands
and important
administrative buildings in the 1tates4+nion )erritories in
seismic 6ones IF and F.
)he programme also includes training of masons in
earthquakeresistant
constructions as (ell as assistance to the 1tate -overnments to put
in place an
appropriate techno-legal regime.
'.1: Accelerated 0rban $arth*uake 4ulnerability
+eduction Proramme:
An accelerated +rban *arthquake Fulnerability /eduction
>rogramme has been
taken up in '$ cities in seismic 6ones III, IF < F (ith a population
of half a
million and above. )hese cities are .ehradun, .elhi, Jamnagar,
/a0kot, =havnagar, 1urat, -reater 3umbai, =hi(andi, ,asik, >une,
=hubanes(ar,
2uttack, 2hennai, >atna, Asansol, -u(ahati, Fadodara,
2oimbatore, Ahmedabad,
Agra, Faranasi, =areily, 3eerut, 9uckno(, Banpur, Bolkatta,
1rinagar, Jammu,
Indore, Jabalpur, Amritsar, Jalandhar, Fi0aya(ada,
.hanbad, 3angalore, Bochi,
Bo6hikod and )rivandrum. #H# 5rientation programmes have
been organi6ed for
senior officers and representatives of the local planning
and development bodies to
sensiti6e them on earthquake preparedness and mitigation
measures. )raining
programmes have been organi6ed for engineers and architects
to impart
kno(ledge about seismically safe construction and implementation
of =I1 norms.
1o far 1$$ engineers and $&: architects have been trained.
For enhanced school
safety, education programmes have been organi6ed in schools,
colleges and other
&#
educational institutions. About 'H educational institutions have
been visited by
earthquake disaster management specialists in these cities.
)his programme (ill
be further e7tended to 166 earthquake prone districts in
seismic 6ones IF < F.
A(areness generation programmes, community and
neighbourhood organi6ations
have been started in these cities. )hese cities are also being
assisted to revie( and
amend their building bye-la(s to incorporate multi ha6ard
safety provisions. 2ity
.isaster 3anagement >lans are being developed under the
pro0ect. ,ine 2ities
have prepared city .isaster 3anagement >lans so far.
'.16 Mainstreamin Mitiation in +ural De'elopment #chemes:
/ural
housing and community assets for vulnerable sections of the
population
are
created on a fairly large scale by the 3inistry of /ural
.evelopment under the
Indira A(as Go0naEIAGD and 1ampooran -rameen /o0gar
Go0naE1-/GD. About
&: thousand small but compact housing units are constructed
every year,
besides community assets such as community centres,
recreation centres,
angan(adi centres etc. )echnology support is provided by about
t(o hundred
rural housing centers spread over the entire country. )he 3inistry
of 8ome
Affairs is (orking (ith the 3inistry of /ural .evelopment
for changing the
guidelines so that the houses constructed under IAG or
school buildings4community buildings constructed under
1-/G are earthquake4cyclone4flood resistant" as also that
the schemes addressing mitigation
are given priority under 1-/G. 3inistry of /ural .evelopment
is carrying out an
e7ercise for this purpose. )his initiative is e7pected to go a long
(ay
in
populari6ation of seismically safe construction at village4block level.
'.1H "ore ,roup on "yclone Mitiation: A ,ational 2ore
-roup on 2yclone
3onitoring < 3itigation has been constituted. *7perts from
Indian 3eteorological .epartment, ,ational 2entre for 3edium
/ange
;eather
Forecasting, 2entral ;ater 2ommission, ,ational /emote
1ensing Agency and
&:
Indian 1pace /esearch 5rganisation have been made the 3embers
of the 2ore
-roup, besides administrators from the
relevant 3inistries4.epartments and 1tate
-overnments vulnerable to cyclones. )he -roup has been assigned
the responsibility of looking at (arning protocols for cyclones"
coordination mechanism bet(een different 2entral and 1tate
3inistries4.epartments45rganisations" mechanism for
dissemination of (arning to
the local people and" cyclone mitigation measures required to be
taken for the
coastal 1tates. )he -roup (ill also suggest short-term and long-
term measures on
technology up-gradation. )he cyclone (arning formats have
been revised to
ensure that the (arning is more meaningful to the community at risk.
A pro0ect
has been taken up (ith the +nited 1tates for upgradation of
models for cyclone
track prediction)
'.1$ &ational "yclone Mitiation Pro3ect: A pro0ect for
2yclone 3itigation
Eestimated cost /s.1: croreD has been dra(n up in consultation
(ith the cyclone
prone 1tates. )his pro0ect envisages construction of cyclone
shelters, coastal
shelter belt plantation in areas (hich are prone to storm
surges, strengthening of
(arning systems, training and education etc. )his pro0ect has also
been given inprinciple
clearance by the >lanning 2ommission and is being taken up (ith
;orld =ank assistance.
'.1% !andslide -a.ard Mitiation: A ,ational 2ore -roup has been
constituted under the 2hairmanship of 1ecretary, =order
3anagement
and
comprising of 1ecretary, .epartment of 1cience and
)echnology, 1ecretary, /oad
)ransport < 8igh(ays, and the 8eads of -eological 1urvey of
India and ,ational
/emote 1ensing Agency for dra(ing up a strategy and plan of
action
for
mitigating the impact of landslides, provide advise and guidance
to 1tate
-overnments on various aspects of landslide mitigation, monitor
the activities
relating to landslide mitigation including landslide ha6ard 6onation
and to evolve
&6
early (arning systems and protocols for landslides4landslide
risk reduction. )he
-overnment have designated -eological 1urvey of India E-1ID as
the nodal
agency responsible for coordinating4undertaking geological
studies, landslides
ha6ard 6onation, monitoring landslides4avalanches, studying
the factors
responsible and suggesting precautionary and preventing
measures.
)he
1tates4+nion )erritories have been requested to share the list
of habitations close
to landslide prone areas in order to supplement -eological 1urvey
of India?s ongoing
assessment of such areas based on the 1urvey of India?s
)oposheet and their
e7isting data base on landslides for the purpose of landslide
ha6ard 6onation being
carried out by them. A national strategy for mitigating
landslide ha6ard in the
county is being dra(n up in consultation (ith all the
agencies concerned.
'.1% Disaster +isk Manaement ProrammeC A .isaster
/isk 3anagement
>rogramme has been taken up in 16% districts in 1H multi-ha6ard prone
1tates (ith
the assistance from +,.>, +1AI. and *uropean +nion. )hese
1tates are Assam,
Arunachal >radesh, =ihar, .elhi, -u0arat, 3aharashtra,
3eghalaya, 3i6oram,
3anipur, ,agaland, 5rissa, 1ikkim, )amil ,adu, )ripura,
+ttar >radesh,
+ttaranchal and ;est =engal. +nder this pro0ect, the 1tates
are being assisted to
dra( up 1tate, district and =lock level disaster management
plans" village disaster
management plans are being developed in con0unction (ith
the >anchayati /a0
Institutions and .isaster 3anagement )eams consisting of
village volunteers are
being trained in preparedness and response functions such as
search and rescue,
first aid, relief coordination, shelter management etc. 1tates
and .istrict level
multi-ha6ard resistant *mergency 5peration 2entres E*52sD are
also being set up
under the programme. *quipment needs for district and
1tate *mergency
5peration 2entres have been identified by the 1tate nodal
agencies and equipment
is being provided to equip these *52s. 5rientation training of
masons, engineers
and architects in disaster resistant technologies has been initiated
in these districts
and construction of model demonstration buildings (ill be started soon.
&H
'.& +nder this programme .isaster 3anagement >lans have
been prepared for
$6#' villages, 1#6 -ram >anchayat, 1$$ blocks and $& districts.
3ore than
&% elected representatives of >anchayati /a0 Institutions
have already been
trained, besides imparting training to members of
voluntary organi6ations. About
1$ -overnment functionaries have been trained in
disaster mitigation and
preparedness at different levels. $6: engineers and #&:
architects have been
trained under this programme in vulnerability assessment
and retrofitting of
lifeline buildings. 6 master trainers and 1& teachers have
already been trained
in different districts in disaster preparedness and mitigation.
.isaster 3anagement
2ommittees consisting of elected representatives, civil
society members, 2ivil
.efence volunteers and -overnment functionaries have
been constituted at all
levels including village4urban local body4(ard levels.
.isaster 3anagement
)eams have been constituted in villages and are being
imparted training in basic
functions of first aid, search and rescue, evacuation and
related issues. )he thrust
of the programme is to build up capabilities of the community since
the community is invariably the first responder. 2apacity building of
the
community
has been very helpful even in normal situations (hen isolated
instances
of
dro(ning, burns etc. take place. ;ith the creation of
a(areness generation on
disaster mitigation, the community (ill be able to function as a
(ellknit unit in
case of any emergency. 3ock drills are carried out from time to
time under the
close supervision of .isaster 3anagement 2ommittees. )he
.isaster 3anagement
2ommittees and .isaster 3anagement )eams have been established
by notifications issued by the 1tate -overnments (hich (ill ensure
that
the entire
system is institutionali6ed and does not disintegrate after
the conclusion of the
programme. )he key points being stressed under this programme
are the need to
ensure sustainability of the programme, development of
training modules" manuals
and codes, focused attention to a(areness generation campaigns"
institutionali6ation of disaster management committees and
disaster management
&$
teams, disaster management plans and mock-drills and
establishment of technolegal
regimes.
'.&1 -uman +esource De'elopment: 8uman /esource
.evelopment at
all
levels is critical to institutionali6ation of disaster mitigation
strategy. )he ,ational
2entre for .isaster 3anagement at the national level has
been upgraded and
designated as the ,ational Institute of .isaster 3anagement. It
is being developed
as a /egional 2entre of *7cellence in Asia. )he ,ational Institute
of .isaster
3anagement (ill develop training modules at different
levels, undertake training
of trainers and organi6e training programmes for
planners, administrators and
command functionaries. =esides, the other functions assigned to
the ,ational
Institute of .isaster 3anagement include development of
e7haustive national
level information base on disaster management policies,
prevention mechanisms,
mitigation measures and providing consultancy to various 1tates
in strengthening
their disaster management systems and capacities as (ell
as preparation of disaster
management plans and strategies for ha6ard mitigation and
disaster response. It
has been decided to incorporate elements of disaster management
in the training
curricula of 2ivil 1ervices. For the three All India 1ervices EIA1,
I>1 and Indian
Forest 1erviceD, training curricula have already been dra(n up
and integrated into
the training curricula of these All India 1ervices (ith effect
from &#-&:. For
other 2ivil 1ervices at the national and state levels, training
modules are being
developed to be included from the ne7t year.
'.&& &DM cells in Administrati'e Trainin Institutes:
.isaster 3anagement
faculties have already been created in &% 1tate level
training institutes located in
&$ 1tates. )hese faculties are being directly supported by
the 3inistry of 8ome
Affairs. )he 1tate )raining Institutions take up several
focused training
programmes for different target groups (ithin the 1tate.
)he .isaster 3anagement
faculties in these Institutes are being further strengthened so as
to enable them to
&%
develop as Institutes of *7cellence for a specific disaster.
Assistance to the 1tate
level training institutes (ill be provided by the ,ational Institute
of .isaster
3anagement in the development of training capsules4training
modules
for
different functionaries at different levels.
'.&' Awareness eneration: /ecogni6ing that a(areness
about vulnerabilities
is a sine qua non for inducing a mindset of disaster
prevention, mitigation and
preparedness, the -overnment has initiated a nation-(ide
a(areness generation
campaign as part of its overall disaster risk management strategy.
In order to
devise an effective and holistic campaign, a steering committee
for mass media
campaign has been constituted at the national level (ith
due representation of
e7perts from diverse streams of communication. )he 2ommittee
has formulated a
campaign strategy aimed at changing peoples? perception of
natural ha6ards and
has consulted the agencies and e7perts associated (ith
advertising and media to
instill a culture of safety against natural ha6ards.
'.&# Apart from the use of print and electronic media, it is
proposed to utili6e
places (ith high public visibility vi6. hospitals, schools, rail(ay
stations and bus
terminals, airports and post offices, commercial comple7es
and municipality
offices etc. to make people a(are of their vulnerabilities and
promote creation of a
safe living environment.
'.&: A novel method being tried is the use of government
stationery vi6. postal
letters, bank stationery, rail(ay tickets, airline boarding cards
and tickets etc. for
disseminating the message of disaster risk reduction. 1logans
and messages for
this purpose have already been developed and have been
communicated
to
concerned 3inistries4agencies for printing and dissemination.
)he mass media
campaign (ill help build the kno(ledge, attitude and skills of the
people
in
vulnerability reduction and sustainable disaster risk
management measures.
'
'.&6 Disaster Awareness in #chool "urriculum: .isaster
management
as a
sub0ect in 1ocial 1ciences has been introduced in the
school curriculum for 2lass
FIII < IK. )he 2entral =oard of 1econdary *ducation E2=1*D
(hich
has
introduced the curriculum runs a very large number of
schools throughout the
country and the course curriculum is invariably follo(ed by the
1tate =oards of
1econdary *ducation. )eachers are being trained to teach
disaster management.
1yllabus for 2lass K is being finali6ed and (ill be introduced in
the course
curriculum soon. )he 1tate -overnments have been advised to
take similar steps
vis-L-vis their school boards. 1everal 1tate -overnments have
already introduced
the same curriculum in 2lass FIII. 3inistry is (orking (ith the
2ouncil of =oard
of 1chool *ducation E25=1*D to facilitate inclusion of
disaster management in
public education in all '% 1chool =oards in the country.
'.&H Information5 $ducation and "ommunication: In order to
assist the 1tate
-overnments in capacity building and a(areness generation
activities and to learn
from past e7periences including sharing of best practices,
the 3inistry of 8ome
Affairs has compiled4prepared a set of resource materials
developed by various
organisations4institutions to be replicated and disseminated by
1tate -overnments
based on their vulnerabilities after translating it into the
local languages. )he
voluminous material (hich runs into about 1 pages has
been divided into #
broad sections in H volumes. )hese sections cover planning to cope
(ith disasters"
education and training" construction toolkit" and information,
education
and
communication toolkit including multi-media resources on
disaster mitigation and
preparedness. )he >lanning section contains material for
analy6ing a community?s
risk, development of preparedness, mitigation and
disaster management plans,
coordinating available resources and implementing measures for
risk reduction.
3odel bye-la(s, .3 >olicy, Act and model health sector plans have also
been
included. *ducation and )raining includes material for capacity
building
and
'1
upgradation of skills of policy makers, administrators,
trainers, engineers etc. in
planning for and mitigating against natural disasters. =asic and
detailed training
modules in disaster preparedness have been incorporated along
(ith training
methodologies for trainers, for community preparedness and
manuals for training
at district, block, panchayat and village levels. For creating a
disasterresistant
building environment, the 2onstruction )oolkit addresses the issue
of seismic
resistant construction and retrofitting of e7isting buildings.
=I1 2odes, manuals
and guidelines for /22, 3asonry and other construction
methodologies as also for
repair and retrofitting of masonry and lo(-rise buildings have
been included.
'.&$ )he I*2 material seeks to generate a(areness to
induce mitigation and
preparedness measures for risk reduction. 3aterial and
strategies used by various
1tates and international organi6ations, including tips on
different ha6ards, have
been incorporated along (ith multi-media 2.s on disasters.
)he material has been
disseminated to all the 1tate -overnments4+) Administrations
(ith the request to
have the relevant material, based on the vulnerability of each
district, culled out,
translated into local languages and disseminated (idely do(n to
the village level.
Preparedness
#.1 3itigation and preparedness measures go hand in hand
for vulnerability
reduction and rapid professional response to disasters. )he
=hu0 earthquake in
January, &1 brought out several inadequacies in the
system. >rofessionally
trained search and rescue teams (ere not available" speciali6ed
dog squads to look
for live bodies under the debris (ere not available and there (as
no centrali6ed
resource inventory for emergency response. Although army
played a pivotal role
in search and rescue and also set up their hospital after the
collapse of -overnment
hospital at =hu0, the need for fully equipped mobile hospitals
(ith trained
personnel (as felt acutely. .espite these constraints, the
response (as fairly (ell
organi6ed. 8o(ever, had these constraints been taken care
of beforehand, the
response (ould have been even more professional and rapid (hich
may have
reduced the loss of lives. 1pecialist search and rescue teams
from other countries
did reach =hu0. 8o(ever, precious time (as lost and even (ith
these specialist
teams it (as not possible to cover all severely affected areas
as quickly as the
-overnment (ould have desired. It (as, therefore, decided that
(e should
remove these inadequacies and be in a state of preparedness at
all times.
#.& #pecialist +esponse Teams: )he 2entral -overnment is no( in
the process of training and equipping eight battalions of 2>3Fs as
specialist response
teams. *ach team consists of #: personnel including
doctors, paramedics,
structural engineers etc and thus there (ill be 1## 1pecialist
1earch and /escue
)eams in the earmarked eight battalions. )he process of training
and equipping of
the 1## specialist search and rescue teams etc has begun. 1$
teams have been
trained so far. )hese teams are being trained in collapsed
structure search and
rescue, medical first response, rescue and evacuation in flood
and cyclone, under
(ater rescue etc. In effect they (ill have the capability to
operate in all types of
''
terrain in all contingencies4disasters. It is proposed to group
together the eight
battalions of 2>3Fs earmarked for speciali6ed emergency response
as M,ational
*mergency /esponse ForceN. )hese specialist response teams are
being provided
modern equipments and also dog squads for search and rescue.
)hey (ill be
provided (ith special uniforms made of fire retardant materials
(ith enhanced
visibility in lo( light and having equipment carrying capacity.
#.' Apart from specialist search < rescue units, it has been
decided that all
personnel of 2entral >olice 5rgani6ations should also be
imparted training in
search and rescue so that they can be requisitioned to the site
of incident (ithout
loss of time. >ending arrival of the specialist teams, the
battalions located near the
site of incident (ould be deployed immediately. For this purpose,
a curriculum
has already been dra(n up and integrated into the training
curriculum of 2>3Fs.
#.# #ettin up of #earch and +escue Teams in #tates: )he
1tates have been
advised to set up their o(n 1pecialist )eams for responding
to disasters. 3inistry
of 8ome Affairs (ill provide assistance for the training of the
1tate trainers. 3any
1tates4+nion )erritories have initiated action for setting up
of speciali6ed 1A/
units. )en 1tates have identified the )raining 2enters for training
in 1earch and
/escue in the 1tates. )hey have also identified trainers (ho (ill
be imparted
training at 2>3F training institutions. 1ome states e.g.
3aharashtra, 5rissa,
-u0arat and .elhi have trained search and rescue teams. It has
been provided that
1! of the annual inflo(s into the 2/F can be used for procurement
of search and
rescue equipment and communication equipment. 1tates have
been advised to
include training in search and rescue in the training of 1tate
Armed >olice.
'#
#.: +eional +esponse "entres: Fourteen /egional /esponse
2entres E//2sD
are being set up across the country to enable immediate response
to floods,
cyclones, earthquakes, landslides etc. 1tandard cache of
equipment and relief
materials (ill be kept in these //2s and 1pecialist /esponse )eams
(ill
be
stationed during the flood4cyclone seasons for immediate
assistance to the 1tate
-overnments. 2aches of equipments are being procured and all
//2s (ill be
operational soon.
#.6 A 1teering 2ommittee has been constituted in the 3inistry
to oversee the
creation of capabilities for emergency response.
#.H -ealth PreparednessC A & bedded mobile hospital, fully
trained
and
equipped is being set up and attached to a leading -overnment
hospital in .elhi.
)hree additional mobile hospitals (ith all medical and
emergency equipments are
proposed to be located in different parts of the country. )hese
mobile hospitals
(ill also be attached to the leading -overnment hospitals in
the country. )his (ill
enable the mobile hospitals to e7tend assistance to the hospitals
(ith (hich they
are attached in normal time. )hey (ill be airlifted during
emergencies (ith
additional doctors4paramedics taken from the hospitals (ith (hich
the mobile
hospitals are attached to the site of disaster.
#.$ -ospital Preparedness and $merency -ealth
Manaement in Medical
$ducation: 8ospital preparedness is crucial to any disaster
response system. *ach
hospital need to have an emergency preparedness plan to deal
(ith mass casualty
incidents and the hospital administration4 doctor trained for
this emergency. )he
curriculum for medical doctors does not at present include
8ospital >reparedness
for emergencies. )herefore capacity building through in-
service training of the
current health managers and medical personnel in
8ospital >reparedness for
emergencies or mass casualty incident management is essential. At
the same time
':
in order that the future health managers acquire these skills it
is proposed to
include health emergency management in the undergraduate and
post graduate
medical curricula. In consultation (ith 3edical 2ouncil of India
E32ID,
t(o
committees have been constituted for preparation of curriculum
for introduction of
emergency health management in 3==1 curriculum and preparation
of in-service
training of 8ospital 3anagers and >rofessionals. /a0iv
-andhi +niversity of
8ealth 1ciences Barnataka has been identified as the lead
national resource
institution for the purpose.
#.% Incident "ommand #ystemC In order to professionali6e
emergency response management, it is proposed to introduce the
Incident
2ommand 1ystem
in the country. )his system provides for specialist incident
command teams (ith
an Incident 2ommander and officers trained in different aspects
of incident
management - logistics, operations, planning, safety,
media management etc. )he
9=1,AA 3ussoorrie has been designated as the nodal
training institution. )hree
programmes for the training of trainers have so far been held
at 9=1,AA and #&
officers have been trained in =asic and Intermediate I21 course
and &% officers
trained in >lanning 1ections module.
#.1 $merency #upport Function PlansC It is seen that the
relevant
departments start constituting teams4mobili6ing resources only
after
the
crisis4disaster has struck, leading to delays. )he
relevant departments4agencies
have been asked to dra( up *mergency 1upport Function E*1FD
>lans
and
constitute response teams and designate resources in advance so
that response is
not delayed. 3inistries4 .epartments have dra(n up their *1F
>lans
and
communicated it to 38A. 1tates have also been asked to take
similar steps.
1imilarly 1tates have been advised to finali6e pre-
contract4agreement for all
disaster relief items so as to avoid delays in procuring relief
items after disaster
situations.
'6
#.11 India Disaster +esource &etwork: A (eb-enabled
centralised data base
for the India .isaster /esource ,et(ork has been
operationali6ed. )he I./, is a
nation-(ide electronic inventory of essential and specialist
resources for disaster
response (ith both specialist equipment and specialist
manpo(er resources. )he
I./, lists out the equipments and the resources by type and by
the functions it
performs and it gives the contact address and telephone numbers
of the controlling
officers in-charge of the said resources. )he I./, is a live
system providing for
updating of inventory once in every quarter. *ntries into the
inventory are made at
district and 1tate level. )he net(ork ensures quick access
to resources to
minimise response time in emergencies. )he list of resources to
be updated in the
system has been finali6ed. It has &&6 items. About 6%,'&% records
in :#: districts
throughout the country have already been uploaded since 1eptember
1, &'
(hen the India .isaster /esource ,et(ork (as formally
inaugurated. )he system
(ill give, at the touch of the button, location of
specific equipments4specialist
resources as (ell as the 2ontrolling authority for that resource
so that it can be
mobili6ed for response in the shortest possible time. )he data
base (ill be
available simultaneously at the district, state and national levels.
#.1& $merency %peration "entres: )he 1tates are being
assisted to set up
control rooms4emergency operations centres at the 1tate and
district level.
Assistance for this is being given under the -5I - +,.> pro0ect
in the 1tates
covered by the pro0ect. Assistance under the 3oderni6ation of
>olice 1cheme is
also available for setting up *52s. )he control rooms, (hich
(ill function round
the clock, (ill be composite control rooms to look after la( and
order issues as
(ell as disaster management. *quipments are also being provided
for these
control rooms under the disaster risk management
programme) 8a6ard 6one-(ise
standard layout, structural design and construction dra(ings have
been developed
for 1tate and .istrict *52s and shared (ith all the
1tates. 2onstruction (ork has
started for multi-ha6ard resistant *52s in si7 1tates and
6# districts.
'H
#.1' &ational $merency %peration "entre: )o coordinate the
entire
disaster4emergency operations effectively, the e7isting 2ontrol
/oom
at the
national level has been upgraded as ,ational *mergency
5perations 2enter
E,*52D. )he ,ational *52 is equipped (ith satellite phones,
->1, computers,
emergency lights, -I1 information system etc in five on-
site emergency
coordination kits in ready-to-use mode. 1taffs in the ,*52 have
been trained. A
1tate-of-the-art underground and all-ha6ard resistant, ,ational
*52 (ith superior
structural features and communication facilities is being set up.
A 2ommittee of
2>;.4=A/24./.5 has been constituted to finali6e the
design parameters. It is
likely to be commissioned by &6.
#.1# &ational $merency "ommunication &etwork:
)he communication
net(ork bet(een the national and the state *52s and the site of
the emergency4crises are currently based on the .5) net(ork. It
has been observed
that in a calamity4ha6ard, communication is the first casualty. It
has therefore
been decided to put in place multi-mode and multi-
channel communication system
so that enough redundancy is available. It has been decided that
the >59,*) (ill
also be used for disaster management" and for this the
>59,*) communication
facility (ill be e7tended to 1.3s and 2ollectors as (ell as
the *mergency
5peration 2enters. For emergency communications, discussions
have also been
held (ith the .epartment of 1pace EI1/5D. )hey (ill be
making available
alternate satellite communication units to connect (ith 1tate
*52s and mobile
units (hich can be transported to the site of a disaster. A -roup
had been set up
for dra(ing up a communication plan for disaster management and
the said -roup
has submitted its report. )his provides for a dedicated
communication system for
disaster management (ith built in redundancies. >hase I of
the ,ational .isaster
3anagement 2ommunication >lan to provide satellite based mobile
voice4data4video communication bet(een ,ational *5241tate
*52s4 mobile
'$
*52s and remote disaster4emergency sites is under
implementation and is
e7pected to be completed by 3arch, &:. >hase II of
the communication plan to
connect ,ational41tate4.istrict *52s (ith disaster4emergency
sites is proposed to
be completed by 3arch, &6. )he communication backbone to be
used
(ill
include terrestrial link E.5)D, >59,*), ,I2,*), I1.,
and 1>A2*,*)
#.1: De'elopment of a ,I#-based &ational Database for
Disaster
Manaement: )he -eographical Information 1ystem E-I1D data
base
is an
effective tool for emergency responders to access information
in terms of
crucial parameters for the disaster affected areas. )he
crucial parameters include
location of the public facilities, communication links and
transportation net(ork at
national, state and district levels. )he -I1 data base already
available (ith
different agencies of the -overnment is being upgraded and the
gaps are proposed
to be bridged. A pro0ect for this purpose is being dra(n up (ith a
vie(
to
institutionali6e the arrangements. )he data base (ill provide
multi layered maps
on district (ise basis. )hese maps taken in con0unction (ith
the satellite images
available for a particular area (ill enable the district administration
as (ell as
1tate -overnments to carry out ha6ard 6onation and
vulnerability assessment, as
(ell as coordinate response after a disaster. /ecogni6ing the
crucial importance of
-eographical Information 1ystem E-I1D as a decision support tool
for disaster
management, the 3inistry of 8ome Affairs proposes to
establish a -I1 database,
O,ational .atabase for .isaster 3anagement E,..3D?, (hich
(ill assist in
ha6ard 6onation, risk assessment, preparedness and
emergency response
management.
#.16 #trenthenin of Fire #er'ices: In order to further
strengthen the capacity
for response, the fire services are proposed to be developed into
multi ha6ard
response units as is the normal practice in several other countries
A pro0ect for this
E(ith an estimated cost of /s &#:H croresD has been dra(n up.
)he >lanning
'%
2ommission has given in-principle clearance to the pro0ect.
)he e7ercise for
mobili6ation of resources is being undertaken. It is proposed
to provide rescue
tenders in addition to fire tenders to each fire unit and fill up all
gaps up to subdivisional
level. 8a6mat vans (ill be provided to 1tate capitals and
metropolitan cities. )his (ill necessitate recruitment of additional
firemen and
drivers and
intensive training required to be provided to enable them to
function as efficient
all purpose response units.
#.1H #trenthenin of "i'il Defence: India has a large net(ork
of 2ivil .efence
and 8ome -uards volunteers. )he e7isting strength is about 1.&
million. 8o(ever, this organi6ation has not so far been associated
(ith
disaster mitigation,
preparedness and response functions. It is proposed to revamp
the 2ivil .efence
organi6ation to enable them to discharge a key responsibility in
all facets of
disaster management including preparedness. A proposal in this
regard has been
finali6ed and is under consideration of the -overnment.
#.1$ -andlin of -a.ardous Materials" In the light of the
e7perience of the
=hopal -as )ragedy, the 3inistry of 8ome Affairs has
been interacting (ith
3inistry of *nvironment < Forests and ne( guidelines have been
sent to the
1tates for industries handling ha6ardous materials. It has
been prescribed that
onsite and offsite disaster response plans for the industries
dealing (ith ha6ardous
material be updated in consultation (ith .istrict Administration
and that this may
be rehearsed once every year. It has also been prescribed that
these industries (ill
carry out a(areness campaigns for the population in the
vicinity regarding the
dos4don?ts in case of any accident involving ha6ardous materials.
#.1% ;ith the development of disaster management committees
and disaster
management teams at all levels including village4urban local
body4(ard level, the
#
stage (ill be set for comprehensive preparedness measures to
be taken (ith active
participation of the community and non-governmental organi6ations.
#.& #pecial Focus to &ortheastern #tatesC A special focus is
being given to
,orth-*astern 1tates and the Andaman < ,icobar Islands.
)he ,orth-*astern
2ouncil has been made the nodal agency for the ,* 1tates. )he
,*2 has been
provided (ith a resource person4advisor in disaster management.
A detailed
presentation on the vulnerabilities of the ,* region and the need
for comprehensive disaster management plan has been made in the
-overning =ody
of ,* 2ouncil. An action plan has been dra(n up by ,*2 and
a declaration
namely M1hillong .eclarationN has been adopted by 1tates in the
,* region for
integrating disaster management (ith development planning.
1# officials and
non-officials have been trained in disaster management to act
as resource persons
for the ,* region. 1tate and district level sensiti6ation and
training programmes
are being carried out.
#.&1 ;ith the mitigation and preparedness measures outlined in
this and earlier
section in position, it is e7pected that natural ha6ards could
be handled more
efficiently so as to ensure that these ha6ards did not get
converted into disasters.
"onclusion
:.1 .isaster 3anagement requires multi-disciplinary and pro-
active approach.
=esides various measures for putting in place institutional and
policy frame(ork,
disaster prevention, mitigation and preparedness measures
enunciated in this paper
and initiatives being taken by the 2entral and 1tate -overnments,
the community,
civil society organi6ations and media also have a key role to play
in achieving our
goal of moving together, to(ards a safer India. )he message being
put across is
that in order to move to(ards safer and sustainable
national development,
development pro0ects should be sensitive to(ards disaster mitigation.
:.& 5ur mission is vulnerability reduction to all types of ha6ards,
be it natural
or manmade. )his is not an easy task to achieve, keeping in vie(
the vast
population, and the multiple natural ha6ards to (hich this country
is e7posed.
8o(ever, if (e are firm in our conviction and resolve that
the -overnment and the
people of this country are not prepared to pay the price in terms
of massive
casualties and economic losses, the task, though difficult, is
achievable and (e
shall achieve it.
:.' ;e have taken the first fe( but significant steps
to(ards vulnerability
reduction, putting in place prevention and mitigation measures
and preparedness
for a rapid and professional response. ;ith a massive
a(areness generation
campaign and building up of capabilities as (ell as
institutionali6ation of the
entire mechanism through a techno-legal and techno-
financial frame(ork, (e are
gradually moving in the direction of sustainable development.
:.# )he various prevention and mitigation measures outlined above
are aimed
at building up the capabilities of the communities,
voluntary organi6ations and
-overnment functionaries at all levels. >articular stress is being laid
on ensuring
that these measures are institutionali6ed considering the
vast population and the
#&
geographical area of the country. )his is a ma0or task
being undertaken by the
-overnment to put in place mitigation measures for
vulnerability reduction. )his
is 0ust a beginning. )he ultimate goal is to make prevention
and mitigation a part
of normal day-to-day life.. ;e have a firm conviction that (ith
these measures in
place, (e could say (ith confidence that disasters like 5rissa
cyclone and =hu0
earthquake (ill not be allo(ed to recur in this country" at least not
at the cost,
(hich the country has paid in these t(o disasters in terms of
human lives,
livestock, loss of property and means of livelihood.