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Feasts in the OT and LXX

David J. Conklin
In a previous study, du Preez noted that
An investigation of all available documents has yet to reveal any
scholars whose writings on the feast, new moon, sabbath of
Colossians have seriously examined any of the terms used in the
Bible for the ritual feast days of the Israelite nation.
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This study aims, at least partially, to rectify that shortcoming.
It is commonly assumed that when the terms feasts, new moons and sabbaths are used
together in the Bible that these are being used in a chronological sequence of yearly, monthly,
weekly. However, the fact that in most cases these terms are used in reverse order seems to
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mitigate against such an interpretation. While the perception that these are technical terms is a
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correct, it would be helpful to study what was meant by each term vs. assuming that we already
know what they mean. To that end this study will focus its attention on the word feast (using
the KJV as our base) to determine what it meant in the time of the OT. We will examine the
terminology used in the MT and the LXX (comparing them with some English translations, other
than just the KJV) with respect to the various feasts that were held during that time-frame. We
Judging the Sabbath: Discovering What Cant be Found in Colossians 2:16. (Andrews
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University Press, 2007): 72.
Paulien [ibid., page 4] also takes it as a "typical OT expression for annual, monthly and
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weekly celebrations." Oppenheimer [ibid., page 3] describes it as a "consistent pattern" with the
"same type of progression in the O.T.." Bacchiocchi [(1977): page 358] notes that the
"unanimous consensus of commentators is that these" days are in a "a logical and progressive
sequence." In his 1988 book [page 117] he states it more carefully when he writes: "the sequence
of the enumeration ... suggests yearly, monthly, and weekly festivities." Note how the New
American Bible inserts the words right into the text: "on yearly or monthly feasts ...". Gladson,
[Jerry A. " The Sabbath in Christian Life: A Reconsideration," page 2] says: "The full formula,
which uses a chronological pattern, annual...monthly..weekly, invariably includes the weekly day
Sabbath."
Gladson has done [ibid.], that this is a "technical formula" and that "Paul uses the same
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formulaic style found repeatedly in the Old Testament ..." Vincent Word Studies describes it as
the "same enumeration of sacred seasons". Noel [Ted "Sabbath-Sunday Discussion. Installment
6," email correspondence 9/12/2000, page 3] describes it as "a typical Jewish literary pattern."
Pipa [Joseph A. The Lord's Day., page 98] states that these "three terms are often used together ...
to describe the various ceremonial days ...".
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will discover a number of interesting features at work within the texts.
First, because of the use of specific terms for feast, we can separate the terms into two
broad categories: secular and religious. In the former, the Hebrew language used a number of
words: primarily mishteh, to much lesser extent, lechem, and once maowg (Psalm 35:16). When
they were referring to religious feasts the Jews restricted themselves to two words: chag and
mowed. The latter is restricted to feasts to the Lord, whether ordained by God according to the
text or a man-made, fraudulent feast. When the Hebrew text of the OT was translated into the
Greek (LXX) we see that, by and large, the word heorte was chosen. To a lesser extent words
such as poton, doxen, gamon, kothon, and panegureis are used. In some cases there is no Greek
equivalent.
Secondly, when we turn to the religious feasts we note that only the following feasts are
found to use the Greek word heorte: the Festival of Unleavened Bread (or Passover) , Festival of
4
Booths (or Tabernacles), and Feast of Harvest or Weeks. Neither the Day of Atonement (a day
5 6
of fasting afflict your souls), nor the blowing of trumpets both of which are ceremonial
7 8
sabbaths, are referred to using the Hebrew or the Greek word for feast. [Hmmm, over-
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statement here.]
Third, we should note that in 2 Chronicles 8:13 it lists the solemn feasts as the feast of
unleavened bread, and in the feast of weeks, and in the feast of tabernacles. Again, we find
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that two ceremonial sabbaths, the Day of Atonement and the blowing of trumpets are excluded
from the list.
Now, when we turn to verses such as 1 Chronicles 23:31; 2 Chronicles 2:4, 8:13, 31:3;
Nehemiah 10:33; Ezekiel 45:17 and Hosea 2:11 (and thus Colossians 2:16, as well) we can see
that the terms sabbaths, new moons and feasts (the more common sequence, and all plurals)
See Exodus 12:14, 17; 13:6, 10; 23:15, 34:18, 25; Leviticus 23:6; Numbers 28:17;
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Deuteronomy 16:16; 2 Chronicles 8:13; 30:13, 21-2; 35:17; Ezra 6:22; Ezekiel 45:21, 23, 25.
See Leviticus 23:34, 39, 41; Numbers 29:12; Deuteronomy 16:13-6; 31:10; 2 Chronicles
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8:13; Ezra 3:4; Nehemiah 8:14, 18; Zechariah 14:16, 18-9.
See Exodus 23:16, 34:22; Deuteronomy 16:10, 16; 2 Chronicles 8:13.
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See Leviticus 23:27-28.
7
See Leviticus 23:24 a memorial of blowing of trumpets. See also Numbers 29:1.
8
See Leviticus 23:24, 27-8.
9
This text is the key to understanding what is meant by the terms feasts, new moons
10
and sabbaths. A fact noted to Conklin by Kevin Morgan.
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was simply a way of listing all of the ceremonial days of the year.
We should also note that in the verses just given we are also supplied with more precision
as to what feasts are being referred to. 1 Chron. 23:31, 2 Chron. 31:3 and Neh. 10:33 call them
set feasts. In 2 Chron. 2:4, 8:13 and Hosea 2:11 they are called solemn feasts. Only Ezekiel
45:17 refers to them as simply feasts.
The following table lists all of the uses of the word feast (KJV) in the OT with their
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Hebrew and Greek. Cases such as, Ezra 3:7 where mishteh is translated as drink are excluded.
Others, such as Esther 5:4-6, 8, 12, 14; 6:14; 7:2; 7-8 the Hebrew word mishteh is found
translated as doxen, poio, poton, sumposiou (banquet in the KJV) are also excluded from the
list. Likewise, all translations of mishteh as drink (Dan. 1:5, 8, 10, 16) are excluded. [Or,
shorten the list and simply exclude all references to a secular feast?]
If we search using the Greek term eort* we find that in some cases it is used in the
sense of sacrifice: Exodus 23:18; solemn days: Numbers 10:10 (Heb. mowed); due
season: Numbers 28:2 (Heb. mowed); solemn assembly: Deuteronomy 16:8 (Heb. atsarah);
dancing: 1 Samuel 30:16 (Heb. chagag)
In the table below there is one case (Exodus 12:17) where is no Hebrew or Greek
equivalent because the English word feast was supplied. In other cases, there is no Greek
equivalent; for example, in 1 Kings 8:2. In other cases, also not shown in the table, we find that
the LXX has eorte where there is no Hebrew equivalent in its text; for example, 2 Kings 23:16
the LXX (Brenton translation) has the following: when Jeroboam stood by the altar at the feast:
and he turned and raised his eyes to the tomb of the man of God that. Likewise, in Jeremiah
38:8 (LXX) the phrase to the feast of the passover ... has no corresponding Hebrew equivalent.
In 2 Chronicles 30:26 the corresponding English phrase is the like which is to be understood
without support from the Hebrew. In Psalm 118:27 (117:27, LXX) we have sacrifice (chag)
with cords vs. feast with thick branches. In Zephaniah 3:17 (LXX) emera eortes (day of
feasting) is given as mowed (solemn assembly) in the Hebrew. In Isaiah 30:29 (LXX)
eortazontas (keep a feast) is given as chag (holy solemnity) in the Hebrew. In Lamentations
2:22 both the Hebrew (mowed) and the Greek (eortas) are translated as solemn day. In
Ezekial 23:34 the texts are completely different:
(KJV) Thou shalt even drink it and suck it out, and thou shalt break
the sherds thereof, and pluck off thine own breasts: for I have
spoken it, saith the Lord GOD.
(LXX) drink thou it, and I will take away her feasts and her new
moons: for I have spoken it, saith the Lord.
The texts and words were found using BibleWorks 7.0.
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In Ezekiel 44:24 mine assemblies (mowed) is called a eortais in the LXX.
In cases where the word chag means anything other than feast those texts have been
ignored at this time. The same case applies with the use of chagag. And again with mowed.
12 13 14
In many cases, the use of the word mowed is taken to mean congregation. Likewise, there
15
are cases in the Greek translation that are not noted. In some cases, the entire verse in the
16
See, for instance, Exodus 23:18 (heortes in the LXX) , Psalm 118:27, Isaiah 29:1
12
where, in the KJV, it is rendered as sacrifice(s). In Isaiah 30:29 it is rendered as solemnity.
See, for instance, Leviticus 23:39 where it means ye shall keep a feast (likewise, see
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Numbers 29:12; Nahum 1:5; Zech. 14:16, 18-9). 1 Samuel 30:16 where it is translated as and
dancing. Psalm 42:4 where it is rendered as holyday. Or, Psalm 107:27 where it is translated
as They reel to and fro.
In Genesis 1:14 the word is translated as and for seasons (see also Exodus 13:10), or
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simply as at the season (Deut. 16:6; see also 2 Kings 4:16-7). In other verses, it carries the
meaning of set time or time appointed (Genesis 17:21, 18:14, 21:2; Exodus 9:5, 34:18, 1
Sam. 20:35; 2 Sam. 20:5; Jeremiah 8:7, 46:17; Habakkuk 2:3; Daniel 8:19; 11:27, 29, 35), or
appointed sign (Judges 20:38), or simply appointed (1 Samuel 13:11 and 2 Samuel 24:15).
In other cases, it means appointed seasons (Numbers 9:2, 3, 7, 13 or appointed feasts (Isaiah
1:14)), or solemn days (Numbers 10:10), or ... solemn feasts(Numbers 15:3, 2 Chronicles
2:4, 8:13; Lamentations 1:4, 2:7; Ezekiel 36:38; Hosea 2:11;12:9), or ... set time (1 Sam. 13:8;
Psalm 102:13), or ... set feasts (1 Chronicles 23:31; 2 Chronicles 31:3; Ezra 3:5; Nehemiah
10:33). Once, the word is translated as unto me in their due season (Numbers 28:2), or, the
word is translated as in your set feasts (Numbers 29:39), or in the solemnity (Deut. 31:10), or
for unto this time (1 Sam. 9:24), or throughout the feast (2 Chronicles 30:22), or appointed
(Job 30:23), or dancing (1 Sam. 30:16 (in the LXX as well)), or for seasons (Psalm 104:19),
or in the feast (Hosea 2:9), or of our solemnities (Isaiah 33:20), or solemn assemblies
(Zephaniah 3:18), or mine assemblies (Ezekiel 44:24), or feasts (Zechariah 8:19). Several
times the words is simply translated as solemn or solemnities (Lamentations 2:22; Ezekiel
45:17; 46:11; Hosea 9:5). As we can see from the above the word covers the concept of time
(and it is once translated as such: Daniel 12:7) and it carries with it the concept of this time being
special or solemn and appointed by God..
Once the word is translated as all the synagogues (Psalm 74:8). Twice, the word has
15
to do with assemblies (Lamentations 1:15, 2:6).
For instance, in Lev. 22:21 the LXX has a phrase that is inserted into the text that
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means or an offering in your feasts. In Numbers 10:10 the phrase and in your feasts has been
substituted for and in your solemn days. In Psalm 118:27 (177:27 in the LXX) the phrase
celebrate the feast is inserted. In Isaiah 30:29 the phrase as they that keep a feast? is
substituted for and gladness of heart.
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Brenton translation is quite different from that we find in the KJV. In other cases, the Greek
17
word heorte is used as a substitute for a Hebrew word that does not mean feast.
18
In the table below evidence from the Apocrypha has been ignored at this time.
Conclusion
Coming from a Jewish background and writing to a church whose members were
probably primarily Jews, Paul would not have used the word heorte to refer to two ceremonial
sabbaths: the Day of Atonement and the blowing of trumpets. To be consistent with the practice
his initial readers would have seen in their Bibles, Paul was not talking about the seventh day
Such as Numbers 28:2 Charge the children of Israel, and thou shalt speak to them,
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saying, Ye shall observe to offer to me in my feasts my gifts, my presents, my burnt-offerings for
a sweet-smelling savour.
1 Kings 12:33 and went up to the altar which he made in Baethel to sacrifice to the heifers
which he made, and he placed in Baethel the priests of the high places which he had made. And
he went up to the altar which he had made, on the fifteenth day in the eighth month, at the feast
which he devised out of his own heart; and he made a feast to the children of Israel, and went up
to the altar to sacrifice.
In 2 Kings 23:16 the LXX, it ends with ... when Jeroboam stood by the altar at the feast: and he
turned and raised his eyes to the tomb of the man of God that spoke these words.
In 2 Chronicles 30:26 the KJV ends with ... there was not the like in Jerusalem. In the LXX it
has ... there was not such a feast in Jerusalem.
In Psalm 76:10 (75:11 in the KJV) For the inward thought of man shall give thanks to thee: and
the memorial of his inward thought shall keep a feast to thee.
In Jeremiah 31:8 (38:8 in the LXX) Behold, I bring them from the north, and will gather them
from the end of the earth to the feast of the passover: and the people shall beget a great multitude,
and they shall return hither.
In Lamentations 2:22 THAU. He has called my sojourners round about to a solemn day, and
there was not in the day of the wrath of the Lord any one that escaped or was left; whereas I have
strengthened and multiplied all mine enemies. (Emphasis for the translation)
In Ezekiel 23:34 drink thou it, and I will take away her feasts and her new moons: for I have
spoken it, saith the Lord.
In Deut. 16:8 the Hebrew word is atsarah (solemn assembly).
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Sabbath in Colossians 2:16. An abnormal usage would have confused his readers. Clark was
correct in noticing that the feasts and new moons of this verse are ceremonial and thus he also
correctly suggested that Paul was talking about ceremonial sabbaths.
19
Gordon Clark, Colossians: Another Commentary on an Inexhaustible Message. Tyndale
19
New Testament Commentaries (Presbyterian and Reformed, 1979): 94.
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Table of the Hebrew and Greek Translations for feast in the Old Testament
Text Hebrew Greek
(LXX)
Genesis 19:3 And he pressed upon them greatly; and they turned
in unto him, and entered into his house; and he made them a
feast,* and did bake unleavened bread, and they did eat.
* The Complete Jewish Bible (hereafter, CJB ) simply has
20
meal. The Young Literal Translation (hereafter, YLT ) has
21
banquet.
mishteh poton
Genesis 21:8 And the child grew, and was weaned: and
Abraham made a great feast* the same day that Isaac was weaned.
* The CJB simply has meal. The YLT has banquet.
mishteh doxen
Genesis 26:30 And he made them a feast,* and they did eat and
drink.
* Both the CJB and the YLT have banquet.
mishteh doxen
Genesis 29:22 And Laban gathered together all the men of the
place, and made a feast.*
* Both the CJB and the YLT have banquet.
mishteh gamon
Genesis 40:20 And it came to pass the third day, which was
Pharaoh's birthday, that he made a feast* unto all his servants: and
he lifted up the head of the chief butler and of the chief baker
among his servants.
* The CJB has party. The YLT and Brenton have banquet.
22
mishteh poton
CJB - Complete Jewish Bible. Copyright 1998 by David H. Stern. Published by
20
Jewish New Testament Publications, Inc. www/messianicjewish.net/jntp. Distributed by
Messianic Jewish Resources International.
YLT - The English Young's Literal Translation of the Holy Bible 1862/1887/1898, by
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J. N. Young.
The English Translation of The Septuagint Version of the Old Testament by Sir
22
Lancelot C. L. Brenton, 1844, 1851, published by Samuel Bagster and Sons, London.
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Exodus 5:1 And afterward Moses and Aaron went in, and told
Pharaoh, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, Let my people go,
that they may hold a feast* unto me in the wilderness.
* The CJB has festival.
chagag eortasosin
Exodus 10:9 And Moses said, We will go with our young and
with our old, with our sons and with our daughters, with our flocks
and with our herds will we go; for we must hold a feast* unto the
LORD.
* The YLT has festival,
chag eorte
Exodus 12:14 And this day shall be unto you for a memorial;
and ye shall keep it a feast* to the LORD throughout your
generations; ye shall keep it a feast by an ordinance for ever.
* The CJB says festival.
chag /
chagag
eortasete
(2x); eorten
Exodus 12:17 And ye shall observe the feast* of unleavened
bread; for in this selfsame day have I brought your armies out of
the land of Egypt: therefore shall ye observe this day in your
generations by an ordinance for ever.
* The CJB has festival. Because the word is supplied Brenton
and the YLT have no translation.
Exodus 13:6 Seven days thou shalt eat unleavened bread, and in
the seventh day shall be a feast* to the LORD.
* The CJB has festival.
chag eorte
Exodus 23:14 Three times thou shalt keep a feast* unto me in
the year.
* The CJB says festival.
chagag eortasate
Exodus 23:15 Thou shalt keep the feast* of unleavened bread:
(thou shalt eat unleavened bread seven days, as I commanded thee,
in the time appointed of the month Abib; for in it thou camest out
from Egypt: and none shall appear before me empty:)
* The CJB says festival.
chag eorten
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Exodus 23:16 And the feast* of harvest, the firstfruits of thy
labours, which thou hast sown in the field: and the feast* of
ingathering, which is in the end of the year, when thou hast
gathered in thy labours out of the field.
* The CJB says festival.
chag (2x) eorten (2x)
Exodus 32:5 And when Aaron saw it, he built an altar before it;
and Aaron made proclamation, and said, To morrow is a feast* to
the LORD.
* The YLT says festival.
chag eorte
Exodus 34:18 The feast* of unleavened bread shalt thou keep.
Seven days thou shalt eat unleavened bread, as I commanded thee,
in the time of the month Abib: for in the month Abib thou camest
out from Egypt.
* The CJB says festival.
chag eorten
Exodus 34:22 And thou shalt observe the feast* of weeks, of the
firstfruits of wheat harvest, and the feast of ingathering at the
year's end.
* The CJB says festival.
chag (2x) eorten (2x)
Exodus 34:25 Thou shalt not offer the blood of my sacrifice with
leaven; neither shall the sacrifice of the feast of the passover be
left unto the morning.
chag eortes
Leviticus 23:2 Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto
them, Concerning the feasts* of the LORD, which ye shall
proclaim to be holy convocations, even these are my feasts.*
* The CJB has designated times. The JPS and YLT have
appointed seasons.
mowed
(2x)
eortai (2x)
Leviticus 23:4 These are the feasts* of the LORD, even holy
convocations, which ye shall proclaim in their seasons.
* The CJB has designated times. The JPS and YLT have
appointed seasons.
mowed eortai
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Leviticus 23:6 And on the fifteenth day of the same month is the
feast* of unleavened bread unto the LORD: seven days ye must
eat unleavened bread.
* The CJB says festival.
chag eorte
Leviticus 23:34 Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, The
fifteenth day of this seventh month shall be the feast of tabernacles
for seven days unto the LORD.
chag eorte
Leviticus 23:37 These are the feasts* of the LORD, which ye
shall proclaim to be holy convocations, to offer an offering made
by fire unto the LORD, a burnt offering, and a meat offering, a
sacrifice, and drink offerings, every thing upon his day:
* The CJB has designated times. The JPS and YLT have
appointed seasons.
mowed eortai
Leviticus 23:39 Also in the fifteenth day of the seventh month,
when ye have gathered in the fruit of the land, ye shall keep a
feast* unto the LORD seven days: on the first day shall be a
sabbath, and on the eighth day shall be a sabbath.
* The CJB says festival.
chag eortasete
Leviticus 23:41 And ye shall keep it a feast unto the LORD
seven days in the year. It shall be a statute for ever in your
generations: ye shall celebrate it in the seventh month.
chag eortasete
Leviticus 23:44 And Moses declared unto the children of Israel
the feasts* of the LORD.
* The CJB has designated times. The JPS and YLT have
appointed seasons.
mowed eortas
Numbers 15:3 And will make an offering by fire unto the
LORD, a burnt offering, or a sacrifice in performing a vow, or in a
freewill offering, or in your solemn feasts,* to make a sweet
savour unto the LORD, of the herd or of the flock:
* The CJB has designated times. The JPS has appointed
seasons, while the YLT has appointed things.
mowed eortais
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Numbers 28:17 And in the fifteenth day of this month is the
feast:* seven days shall unleavened bread be eaten.
* The YLT has festival.
chag eorte
Numbers 29:12 And on the fifteenth day of the seventh month ye
shall have an holy convocation; ye shall do no servile work, and ye
shall keep a feast* unto the LORD seven days:
* The YLT has festival.
chag eorten
Numbers 29:39 These things ye shall do unto the LORD in your
set feasts,* beside your vows, and your freewill offerings, for your
burnt offerings, and for your meat offerings, and for your drink
offerings, and for your peace offerings.
* The CJB has designated times. The JPS and YLT have
appointed seasons.
mowed eortais
Deuteronomy 16:10 And thou shalt keep the feast* of weeks
unto the LORD thy God with a tribute of a freewill offering of
thine hand, which thou shalt give unto the LORD thy God,
according as the LORD thy God hath blessed thee:
* The CJB says festival.
chag eorten
Deuteronomy 16:13 Thou shalt observe the feast* of tabernacles
seven days, after that thou hast gathered in thy corn and thy wine:
* The CJB says festival.
chag eorten
Deuteronomy 16:14 And thou shalt rejoice in thy feast,* thou,
and thy son, and thy daughter, and thy manservant, and thy
maidservant, and the Levite, the stranger, and the fatherless, and
the widow, that are within thy gates.
* The CJB says festival.
chag eorte
Deuteronomy 16:15 Seven days shalt thou keep a solemn feast*
unto the LORD thy God in the place which the LORD shall
choose: because the LORD thy God shall bless thee in all thine
increase, and in all the works of thine hands, therefore thou shalt
surely rejoice.
* The CJB says festival.
chagag eortaseis
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Deuteronomy 16:16 Three times in a year shall all thy males
appear before the LORD thy God in the place which he shall
choose; in the feast* of unleavened bread, and in the feast* of
weeks, and in the feast* of tabernacles: and they shall not appear
before the LORD empty:
* The CJB says festival.
chag (3x) eorte (3x)
Deuteronomy 31:10 And Moses commanded them, saying, At
the end of every seven years, in the solemnity of the year of
release, in the feast* of tabernacles,
* The CJB says festival.
chag eorte
Judges 14:10 So his father went down unto the woman: and
Samson made there a feast;* for so used the young men to do.
* The CJB, Brenton and YLT all have banquet.
mishteh poton
Judges 14:12 And Samson said unto them, I will now put forth a
riddle unto you: if ye can certainly declare it me within the seven
days of the feast,* and find it out, then I will give you thirty sheets
and thirty change of garments:
* The CJB and YLT have banquet.
mishteh potou
Judges 14:17 And she wept before him the seven days, while
their feast* lasted: and it came to pass on the seventh day, that he
told her, because she lay sore upon him: and she told the riddle to
the children of her people.
* The CJB, Brenton and YLT all have banquet.
mishteh potos
Judges 21:19 Then they said, Behold, there is a feast* of the
LORD in Shiloh yearly in a place which is on the north side of
Bethel, on the east side of the highway that goeth up from Bethel
to Shechem, and on the south of Lebonah.
* The CJB and YLT have festival.
chag eorte
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1 Samuel 25:36 And Abigail came to Nabal; and, behold, he
held a feast* in his house, like the feast* of a king; and Nabal's
heart was merry within him, for he was very drunken: wherefore
she told him nothing, less or more, until the morning light.
* Brenton and YLT have banquet.
mishteh
(2x)
potos (2x)
2 Samuel 3:20 So Abner came to David to Hebron, and twenty
men with him. And David made Abner and the men that were with
him a feast.*
* Brenton and YLT have banquet.
mishteh poton
1 Kings 3:15 And Solomon awoke; and, behold, it was a dream.
And he came to Jerusalem, and stood before the ark of the
covenant of the LORD, and offered up burnt offerings, and offered
peace offerings, and made a feast* to all his servants.
* Brenton and YLT have banquet.
mishteh poton
1 Kings 8:2 And all the men of Israel assembled themselves unto
king Solomon at the feast* in the month Ethanim, which is the
seventh month.
* The CJB and YLT have festival.
chag
1 Kings 8:65 And at that time Solomon held a feast,* and all
Israel with him, a great congregation, from the entering in of
Hamath unto the river of Egypt, before the LORD our God, seven
days and seven days, even fourteen days.
* The CJB and YLT have festival.
chag eorten
1 Kings 12:32 And Jeroboam ordained a feast* in the eighth
month, on the fifteenth day of the month, like unto the feast* that
is in Judah, and he offered upon the altar. So did he in Bethel,
sacrificing unto the calves that he had made: and he placed in
Bethel the priests of the high places which he had made.
* The CJB and YLT have festival.
chag (2x) eorten (2x)
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1 Kings 12:33 So he offered upon the altar which he had made
in Bethel the fifteenth day of the eighth month, even in the month
which he had devised of his own heart; and ordained a feast* unto
the children of Israel: and he offered upon the altar, and burnt
incense.
* The CJB and YLT have festival.
chag eorte
1 Chronicles 23:31 And to offer all burnt sacrifices unto the
LORD in the sabbaths, in the new moons, and on the set feasts,*
by number, according to the order commanded unto them,
continually before the LORD:
* Where the KJV has set feasts, Brenton simply has feasts.
The CJB has designated times. The JPS and YLT have
appointed seasons.
mowed eortais
2 Chronicles 2:4 Behold, I build an house to the name of the
23
LORD my God, to dedicate it to him, and to burn before him
sweet incense, and for the continual shewbread, and for the burnt
offerings morning and evening, on the sabbaths, and on the new
moons, and on the solemn feasts* of the LORD our God. This is
an ordinance for ever to Israel.
* Where the KJV has solemn feasts, Brenton simply has
feasts. The CJB has designated times. The JPS and YLT have
appointed seasons.
mowed eortais
2 Chronicles 5:3 Wherefore all the men of Israel assembled
themselves unto the king in the feast* which was in the seventh
month.
* The CJB has festival.
chag eorte
2 Chronicles 7:8 Also at the same time Solomon kept the feast*
seven days, and all Israel with him, a very great congregation,
from the entering in of Hamath unto the river of Egypt.
* The CJB has festival.
chag eorten
This is chapter 2, verse 3 in the BGT and LXT.
23
Page -14-
2 Chronicles 7:9 And in the eighth day they made a solemn
assembly: for they kept the dedication of the altar seven days, and
the feast* seven days.
* The CJB has festival.
chag eorten
2 Chronicles 8:13 Even after a certain rate every day, offering
according to the commandment of Moses, on the sabbaths, and on
the new moons, and on the solemn feasts,* three times in the year,
even in the feast** of unleavened bread, and in the feast of weeks,
and in the feast of tabernacles.
* Where the KJV has solemn feasts, Brenton simply has
feasts. The CJB has designated times. The JPS and YLT have
appointed seasons.
** The CJB has festivals and then names the three.
mowed
/ chag
(3x)
eortais
/ eorte (3x)
2 Chronicles 30:13 And there assembled at Jerusalem much
people to keep the feast* of unleavened bread in the second
month, a very great congregation.
* The CJB has festival.
chag eorten
2 Chronicles 30:21 And the children of Israel that were present
at Jerusalem kept the feast* of unleavened bread seven days with
great gladness: and the Levites and the priests praised the LORD
day by day, singing with loud instruments unto the LORD.
* The CJB has festival.
chag eorten
2 Chronicles 30:22 And Hezekiah spake comfortably unto all the
Levites that taught the good knowledge of the LORD: and they did
eat throughout the feast* seven days, offering peace offerings, and
making confession to the LORD God of their fathers.
* The CJB has festival. The YLT has appointed thing.
mowed eorten
Page -15-
2 Chronicles 31:3 He appointed also the king's portion of his
substance for the burnt offerings, to wit, for the morning and
evening burnt offerings, and the burnt offerings for the sabbaths,
and for the new moons, and for the set feasts,* as it is written in
the law of the LORD.
* Where the KJV has set feasts, Brenton simply has feasts.
The CJB has designated times. The JPS and YLT have
appointed seasons.
mowed eortas
2 Chronicles 35:17 And the children of Israel that were present
kept the passover at that time, and the feast* of unleavened bread
seven days.
* The CJB has festival.
chag eorten
Ezra 3:4 They kept also the feast* of tabernacles, as it is written,
and offered the daily burnt offerings by number, according to the
custom, as the duty of every day required;
* The CJB has festival.
chag eorten
Ezra 3:5 And afterward offered the continual burnt offering,
both of the new moons, and of all the set feasts* of the LORD that
were consecrated, and of every one that willingly offered a
freewill offering unto the LORD.
* Where the KJV has set feasts, Brenton has hallowed feasts.
The CJB has designated times. The JPS and YLT have
appointed seasons.
mowed eortas
Ezra 6:22 And kept the feast of unleavened bread seven days
with joy: for the LORD had made them joyful, and turned the
heart of the king of Assyria unto them, to strengthen their hands in
the work of the house of God, the God of Israel.
chag eorten
Nehemiah 8:14 And they found written in the law which the
LORD had commanded by Moses, that the children of Israel
should dwell in booths in the feast of the seventh month:
chag eorte
Nehemiah 8:18 Also day by day, from the first day unto the last
day, he read in the book of the law of God. And they kept the feast
seven days; and on the eighth day was a solemn assembly,
according unto the manner.
chag eorten
Page -16-
Nehemiah 10:33 For the shewbread, and for the continual meat
24
offering, and for the continual burnt offering, of the sabbaths, of
the new moons, for the set feasts,* and for the holy things, and for
the sin offerings to make an atonement for Israel, and for all the
work of the house of our God.
* Where the KJV has set feasts, Brenton simply has feast. The
CJB has designated times. The JPS and YLT have appointed
seasons.
mowed eortas
Esther 1:3 In the third year of his reign, he made a feast* unto all
his princes and his servants; the power of Persia and Media, the
nobles and princes of the provinces, being before him:
* The CJB and YLT have banquet.
mishteh doxen
Esther 1:5 And when these days were expired, the king made a
feast* unto all the people that were present in Shushan the palace,
both unto great and small, seven days, in the court of the garden of
the king's palace;
* The CJB has seven-day banquet, while Brenton and YLT have
banquet.
mishteh poton
Esther 1:9 Also Vashti the queen made a feast* for the women
in the royal house which belonged to king Ahasuerus.
* The CJB, Brenton and YLT have banquet.
mishteh poton
Esther 2:18 Then the king made a great feast* unto all his
princes and his servants, even Esther's feast**; and he made a
release to the provinces, and gave gifts, according to the state of
the king.
* The CJB, Brenton and YLT have banquet.
** The CJB and Brenton habe nothing, while the YLT has
banquet.
mishteh
(2x)
poton /
gamos
Verse 34 in the BGT, LXT and CJB.
24
Page -17-
Esther 8:17 And in every province, and in every city,
whithersoever the king's commandment and his decree came, the
Jews had joy and gladness, a feast* and a good day. And many of
the people of the land became Jews; for the fear of the Jews fell
upon them.
* Brenton has feasting and YLT has banquet.
mishteh kothon
Esther 9:17 On the thirteenth day of the month Adar; and on the
fourteenth day of the same rested they, and made it a day of
feasting* and gladness.
* JPS has feasting. YLT has banquet. CJB has celebrating.
Brenton has rest with joy.
mishteh charas
(joy)
Esther 9:18 But the Jews that were at Shushan assembled
together on the thirteenth day thereof, and on the fourteenth
thereof; and on the fifteenth day of the same they rested, and made
it a day of feasting* and gladness.
* JPS has feasting. YLT has banquet. CJB has celebrating.
Brenton has rest with joy.
mishteh charas
(joy)
Esther 9:19 Therefore the Jews of the villages, that dwelt in the
unwalled towns, made the fourteenth day of the month Adar a day
of gladness and feasting*, and a good day, and of sending portions
one to another.
* Brenton has nothing. YLT has banquet. CJB has rejoicing.
mishteh agathen
(joy)
Esther 9:22 As the days wherein the Jews rested from their
enemies, and the month which was turned unto them from sorrow
to joy, and from mourning into a good day: that they should make
them days of feasting* and joy, and of sending portions one to
another, and gifts to the poor.
* YLT has banquet. CJB has rejoicing.
mishteh gamon
(joy)
Job 1:4 And his sons went and feasted* in their houses, every
one his day; and sent and called for their three sisters to eat and to
drink with them.
* CJB has banquets. Brenton and YLT have banquet. JPS has
feast.
mishteh poton
Page -18-
Job 1:5 And it was so, when the days of their feasting* were
gone about, that Job sent and sanctified them, and rose up early in
the morning, and offered burnt offerings according to the number
of them all: for Job said, It may be that my sons have sinned, and
cursed God in their hearts. Thus did Job continually.
* CJB has banquets. Brenton and YLT have banquet.
mishteh potou
Psalm 35:16 With hypocritical mockers in feasts*, they gnashed
upon me with their teeth.
* The CJB, JPS and Brenton have nothing.
maowg
Psalm 42:4 When I remember these things, I pour out my soul
25
in me: for I had gone with the multitude, I went with them to the
house of God, with the voice of joy and praise, with a multitude
that kept holyday.*
* The CJB and Brenton have festival. YLT has feast.
chagag eortazontos
Psalm 74:4 Thine enemies roar in the midst of thy
26
congregations*; they set up their ensigns for signs.
* Brenton has feast. CJB and JPS have meeting-place. YLT
has meeting-places.
mowed eortes
Psalm 74:8 They said in their hearts, Let us destroy them
27
together: they have burned up all the synagogues* of God in the
land.
* Brenton has feasts. CJB, JPS and YLT have meeting-places.
mowed eortas
Psalm 81:3 Blow up the trumpet in the new moon, in the time
28
appointed, on our solemn feast* day.
* YLT has festival.
chag eortes
Psalm 41:5 in the LXX; chapter 42, verse 5 in CJB (parenthetical in JPS).
25
Psalm 73:4 in the LXX.
26
Psalm 73:8 in the LXX.
27
Psalm 80:4 in the LXX; chapter 81, verse 4 in CJB (parenthetical in JPS).
28
Page -19-
Proverbs 15:15 All the days of the afflicted are evil: but he that
is of a merry heart hath a continual feast*.
* YLT has banquet. Brenton has nothing.
mishteh
Ecclesiastes 7:2 It is better to go to the house of mourning, than
to go to the house of feasting*: for that is the end of all men; and
the living will lay it to his heart.
* Breton has banquet while the YLT has banqueting.
mishteh potou
Ecclesiastes 10:19 A feast* is made for laughter, and wine
maketh merry: but money answereth all things.
* The CJB has parties. Brenton has prepare bread.
lechem
(bread)
arton
(bread)
Isaiah 1:14 Your new moons and your appointed feasts* my soul
hateth: they are a trouble unto me; I am weary to bear them.
* The JPS has appointed seasons. YLT has set seasons. CJB
has festivals.
mowed eortas
Isaiah 5:12 And the harp, and the viol, the tabret, and pipe, and
wine, are in their feasts*: but they regard not the work of the
LORD, neither consider the operation of his hands.
* The CJB has parties. The YLT has banquets. The Brenton
has nothing.
mishteh
Isaiah 25:6 And in this mountain shall the LORD of hosts make
unto all people a feast* of fat things, a feast* of wines on the lees,
of fat things full of marrow, of wines on the lees well refined.
* The YLT has banquet for both. The CJB and Brenton merge
both into one term with the Brenton in italics indicating that it was
supplied.
mishteh
(2x)
Jeremiah 16:8 Thou shalt not also go into the house of feasting*,
to sit with them to eat and to drink.
* Instead of house of feasting as in the KJV, Brenton has
banquet-house. The CJB has celebrating. The YLT has
banqueting.
mishteh potou
Page -20-
Jeremiah 51:39 In their heat I will make their feasts*, and I will
make them drunken, that they may rejoice, and sleep a perpetual
sleep, and not wake, saith the LORD.
* The CJB has drink. JPS has feast. Brenton has draught.
The YLT has banquets.
mishteh
Lamentations 1:4 The ways of Zion do mourn, because none
come to the solemn feasts*: all her gates are desolate: her priests
sigh, her virgins are afflicted, and she is in bitterness.
* The CJB has festivals. The JPS has assembly. Brenton has
feast, without indicating that it is solemn as in the KJV. The
YLT has appointed time.
mowed eorte
Lamentations 2:6 And he hath violently taken away his
tabernacle, as if it were of a garden: he hath destroyed his places
of the assembly: the LORD hath caused the solemn feasts* and
sabbaths to be forgotten in Zion, and hath despised in the
indignation of his anger the king and the priest.
* Brenton has feast, without indicating that it is solemn as in
the KJV. The CJB has designated times. The JPS has
appointed season. The YLT has appointed time.
mowed eorten
Lamentations 2:7 The LORD hath cast off his altar, he hath
abhorred his sanctuary, he hath given up into the hand of the
enemy the walls of her palaces; they have made a noise in the
house of the LORD, as in the day of a solemn feast*.
* Brenton has feast, without indicating that it is solemn as in
the KJV. The CJB has festival day. The JPS has solemn
assembly. The YLT has day of appointment.
mowed eortes
Ezekiel 36:38 As the holy flock, as the flock of Jerusalem in her
solemn feasts*; so shall the waste cities be filled with flocks of
men: and they shall know that I am the LORD.
* The CJB has designated times. The JPS has appointed
season. Brenton has feast, without indicating that it is solemn
as in the KJV. The YLT has appointed seasons.
mowed eortais
Page -21-
Ezekiel 45:17 And it shall be the prince's part to give burnt
offerings, and meat offerings, and drink offerings, in the feasts,
and in the new moons, and in the sabbaths, in all solemnities* of
the house of Israel: he shall prepare the sin offering, and the meat
offering, and the burnt offering, and the peace offerings, to make
reconciliation for the house of Israel.
* The CJB has designated times. The JPS has appointed
seasons. Brenton has feast, without indicating that it is
solemn as in the KJV. The YLT has appointed times.
chag /
mowed
eortais (2x)
Ezekiel 45:21 In the first month, in the fourteenth day of the
month, ye shall have the passover, a feast of seven days;
unleavened bread shall be eaten.
chag eorte
Ezekiel 45:23 And seven days of the feast he shall prepare a
burnt offering to the LORD, seven bullocks and seven rams
without blemish daily the seven days; and a kid of the goats daily
for a sin offering.
chag eortes
Ezekiel 45:25 In the seventh month, in the fifteenth day of the
month, shall he do the like in the feast of the seven days,
according to the sin offering, according to the burnt offering, and
according to the meat offering, and according to the oil.
chag eorte
Ezekiel 46:9 But when the people of the land shall come before
the LORD in the solemn feasts*, he that entereth in by the way of
the north gate to worship shall go out by the way of the south gate;
and he that entereth by the way of the south gate shall go forth by
the way of the north gate: he shall not return by the way of the gate
whereby he came in, but shall go forth over against it.
* The CJB has designated times. The JPS has appointed
seasons. Brenton has feast, without indicating that it is
solemn as in the KJV. The YLT has appointed times.
mowed eortais
Ezekiel 46:11 And in the feasts* and in the solemnities the meat
offering shall be an ephah to a bullock, and an ephah to a ram, and
to the lambs as he is able to give, and an hin of oil to an ephah.
* The CJB has festivals.
chag eortais
Page -22-
Daniel 5:1 Belshazzar the king made a great feast* to a thousand
of his lords, and drank wine before the thousand.
* The CJB has banquet. The Brenton has supper.
lechem doxen (BGT)
or deimnon
(BGT-TH)
Hosea 2:11 I will also cause all her mirth to cease, her feast*
29
days, her new moons, and her sabbaths, and all her solemn
feasts**.
*The CJB has festivals. The YLT has festival. The JPS and
Brenton have feasts.
** The CJB has designated times. The JPS has appointed
seasons. The YLT has appointed times. The Brenton has
assemblies.
chag /
mowed
eortas /
panegureis
Hosea 9:5 What will ye do in the solemn day, and in the day of
the feast* of the LORD?
* The CJB and YLT have festival.
chag eortes
Hosea 12:9 And I that am the LORD thy God from the land of
30
Egypt will yet make thee to dwell in tabernacles, as in the days of
the solemn feast.*
* The CJB has established festival. The JPS has appointed
season. The YLT has appointed time. Brenton has feast,
without indicating that it is solemn as in the KJV.
mowed eortes
Amos 5:21 I hate, I despise your feast* days, and I will not smell
in your solemn assemblies**.
* The CJB and YLT have festivals.
** The CJB and JPS have solemn assemblies. Brenton has
general assemblies. The YLT has restraints.
chag eortas
Hosea 2:13 in the LXX and CJB.
29
Hosea 12:10 in the LXX and CJB
30
Page -23-
Amos 8:10 And I will turn your feasts* into mourning, and all
your songs into lamentation; and I will bring up sackcloth upon all
loins, and baldness upon every head; and I will make it as the
mourning of an only son, and the end thereof as a bitter day.
* The CJB and YLT have festivals.
chag eortas
Nahum 1:15 Behold upon the mountains the feet of him that
31
bringeth good tidings, that publisheth peace! O Judah, keep thy
solemn feasts*, perform thy vows: for the wicked shall no more
pass through thee; he is utterly cut off.
* The CJB and YLT have festivals. The JPS and Brenton have
feasts, without indicating that it is solemn as in the KJV.
chag eortas
Zechariah 8:19 Thus saith the LORD of hosts; The fast of the
fourth month, and the fast of the fifth, and the fast of the seventh,
and the fast of the tenth, shall be to the house of Judah joy and
gladness, and cheerful feasts*; therefore love the truth and peace.
* The CJB has nothing. The JPS has seasons. The YLT has
appointed seasons.
mowed eortas
Zechariah 14:16 And it shall come to pass, that every one that is
left of all the nations which came against Jerusalem shall even go
up from year to year to worship the King, the LORD of hosts, and
to keep the feast* of tabernacles.
* The CJB has festival.
chag eorten
Zechariah 14:18 And if the family of Egypt go not up, and come
not, that have no rain; there shall be the plague, wherewith the
LORD will smite the heathen that come not up to keep the feast*
of tabernacles.
* The CJB has festival.
chag eorten
Zechariah 14:19 This shall be the punishment of Egypt, and the
punishment of all nations that come not up to keep the feast* of
tabernacles.
* The CJB has festival.
chag eortasai
Nahum 2:1 in the LXX and CJB.
31
Page -24-
Malachi 2:3 Behold, I will corrupt your seed, and spread dung
upon your faces, even the dung of your solemn feasts*; and one
shall take you away with it.
* The CJB has festival. The YLT has festivals. Brenton has
feasts, without indicating that it is solemn as in the KJV. The
JPS has sacrifices.
chag eorton
Page -25-

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