Form: Form 4- 5 Year 2014/2015 Subject: Social Studies 2
GENERAL OBJECTIVES
On completion of this Section, students should:
1. Understand himself or herself as a social being, his or her relationships with his or her family, community, nation or state, the Caribbean region and the wider world;
2. Appraise critically the prevailing societal attitudes, norms and values;
3. Use coherent and conscious processes as the principal means of arriving at decisions;
Specific Objectives
Content
1. explain and use correctly concepts and terms associated with the family as listed in content (1);
Explanation of the following concepts and terms associated with the family: kinship, status, extended family, nuclear family, monogamy, polyandry, polygyny, patriarchal, matriarchal, patrifocal, matrifocal, matrilineal, patrilineal, bigamy, incest, marriage, legal separation, divorce, annulment, alimony, sibling, inheritance.
2. describe the major functions of the family;
The functions of the family in contemporary Caribbean society: a. as a unit of procreation; b. as a social unit for rearing children, namely, the socialisation of the individual; c. as an economic unit for satisfying basic needs; d. as a social unit for satisfying emotional and psychological needs.
3. compare different family types and unions in the Caribbean;
Differences in family types and unions in the Caribbean: Types - nuclear, extended, sibling households, single parent family; Unions - visiting relationships, consensual or common law, monogamy, legal marriage. 4. examine the roles, relationships and responsibilities of adult and sibling members of a Caribbean family;
Roles, relationships and responsibilities of adult and sibling members of the Caribbean family
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5. explain the causes and effects of the changes in the roles of family members in Caribbean society;
Factors which contribute to the changing roles and responsibilities of men and women in the Caribbean family: a. status of women in society; b. choice of employment; c. available technology; d. leisure activities; e. educational opportunities.
Results of the changing roles and responsibilities of men and women in the Caribbean family: a. identity crisis; b. marginalisation of the male; c. role conflict;
d. development of self-esteem and confidence of women/independence of women.
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. 1. explain and use correctly concepts and terms associated with the family as listed in content (1);
a. Kinship: Relation that is close
b. Status: The social position or rank of a person
c. Extended Family: Several Generations that consist of Parents, Grandmothers, cousins and siblings living together under the same roof.
d. Nuclear Family: Parents and own or adopted children generally living in the same household
e. Monogamy: Marriage of one man to one woman
f. Polyandry: One woman having two or more husbands
g. Polygyny: One man having two or more wives
h. Patriarchal: Father/Male has dominant authority; he is head of the household
i. Matriarchal: Mother/Female has dominant authority; she is head of the household
j. Patrifocal: Focused or centred on the father
k. Matrifocal: Focused or centred on the mother
l. Matrilineal: The privileges and duties of descent follow the female line
m. Patrilineal: The privileges and duties of descent follow the male line
n. Bigamy: Marriage between two men or two women at the same time
o. Incest: Refers to a male or female who has an intimate relationship, with a close relative
p. Marriage: Refers to the legal union of two people who are unfolding, developing and looking for fulfilment in a life together. 5
q. Legal Separation: The separation of the husband and wife who live apart for a specific time period as ordered by the court of law
r. Divorce: A legal end to a legally contracted marriage
s. Annulment: A declaration by a religious or a church court that a marriage is invalid
t. Alimony: An allowance that is due to a wife from her husbands estate upon divorce.
u. Sibling: A brother or sister of the same parent(s)
v. Inheritance: Something you received from someone else at a predisposed time
2. Describe the major functions of the family;
Functions
Activities
1. Economic/Financial a. Engage in traditional sports. b. Teach children how to spend money wisely
2. Cultural a. Engage in traditional sports b. Take family to cultural activities 3. Educational
a. Talk to children about the value of education. b. Practice educational activities e.g. engage children in Math games while at an early age
4. Social a. Teach children acceptable behaviour by setting an example. b. Allow children to go out with friends so that they can learn the benefits of socialization
5. Protection a. Teach children the value of safety by showing them how to lock the doors if left alone. b. Teach children safety 6
precautions 6. Biological /Reproduction
a. Teach children the biblical values of having children b. Teach them the process of reproduction as a step-by- step process.
7. Religious a. Teach children the value of having a relationship with God. b. Take children to different religious activities such as church or functions.
8. Passing on Status a. Show children the value of keeping th e family name b. Take them to different attractions so they become familiar with the passing on of status.
9. Emotional
a. Teach children that it is okay to let your emotions show. b. Observe them on different scenarios to see how they react.
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3. Compare different family types and unions in the Caribbean;
Differences in family types and unions in the Caribbean:
Types - nuclear, extended, sibling households, single parent family;
Unions - visiting relationships, consensual or common law, monogamy, legal marriage.
Family Types
Definitions
Nuclear
Parents and own or adopted children generally living in the same household
Extended
A family group that consists of parents, children, and other close relatives, often living in close proximity Sibling household
A sibling household consists of children living by themselves due to the death of their parents or as a result of their parents abandoning them
Single parent family
One parent whether male or female living together with their child/children.
Family unions
Definitions
Visiting Relationship A relationship shared between 2 persons that joins for intimacy at their spouse's house but not living with each
Common-law relationship
Two unmarried persons living together as though married.
Monogamy
Marriage of one man to one woman
Legal Marriage
The legal union of two people who are unfolding, developing and looking for fulfilment in a life together.
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4. Examine the roles, relationships and responsibilities of adult and sibling members of a Caribbean family;
What are the roles, relationships and responsibilities of adult and sibling members of the Caribbean family ?
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5. Explain the causes and effects of the changes in the roles of family members in Caribbean society;
Answer
Factors which contribute to the changing roles and responsibilities of men and women in the Caribbean family:
a. status of women in society; b. choice of employment; c. available technology; d. leisure activities; e. educational opportunities.
Effects that contribute to the changing roles and responsibilities of men and women in the Caribbean Family are:
a. Identity Crisis b. Marginalization of the male c. Role conflict d. Development of self-esteem and confidence
Finish number five w/h detailed explanation of the causes and effects. 10
Specific Objectives
Content 6. formulate strategies for dealing with contemporary social issues that influence Caribbean family life;
Contemporary social issues which influence Caribbean family life teenage pregnancy, street children, alternative life styles, substance abuse, juvenile delinquency, sexually transmitted diseases, child abuse, poverty, desertion, suicide, incest, domestic violence, trafficking in persons, care and concern of the aged and those with special needs.
7. examine the characteristics of effective parenting
Characteristics of a good parent: Problem solving skills, communication skills, socialising skills, disciplinary skills, knowledge of good nutrition, showing of love/warmth, money management skills.
8. describe the requirements for cohesion in groups and institutions;
Requirements for group cohesion Leadership, control, cooperation, authority, commitment and loyalty.
9 . explain and use correctly terms and concepts associated with social groups and institutions as listed in content (11);
Explanation of the following terms and concepts associated with social groups: a. primary; secondary; formal; informal; peer; interest; voluntary and involuntary membership; culture; institution; social contro;, folkways; norms; mores and laws; b. examples of primary, secondary, formal and informal groups found in the Caribbean.
10. outline the characteristics of primary, secondary, formal and informal groups;
Characteristics of social groups: a. structure; b. common goals; c. voluntary or involuntary membership; d. marks of identity; e. common needs, interest and values; f. specific ways of interacting determined by rules and regulations; g. established patterns of behaviour; h. cooperation to achieve group goals; i. sanctions.
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6. Be able to formulate strategies for dealing with contemporary social issues that influence Caribbean family life.
a. Street Children
Children or adolescence living without family living in abandoned buildings or sleeping on the streets.
Causes
Abandonment by parents after divorce or separation Physical, emotional or sexual abuse can cause some children to run away from home. Poverty pushes children in the streets in order to make a living Some children resort to the street mainly older ones in search of fulfilment which may be a reaction to authoritative parents.
Activities of Street Children
Begging for money Stealing Prostitution Selling illegal drugs Substance abuse Becoming sexually active
Solutions
Introduction of family planning programmes Governments should address poverty and unemployment Religious, moral and family life education must become compulsory Universal education especially for the poor and disadvantage must be pursued by the provision of books, meals, uniforms and transport. Foster homes be provided for abandoned homes.
b. Child Abuse/Poverty
Any act or inaction on the part of a parent, guardian or adult which leads to physical, emotional damage under the age of 18.
Persons who may abuse children
Family friend Baby sitter Parent Teachers Siblings Symptoms of Abuse
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Sexual: overly knowledgeable in sex for their age
Signs of STDS, suicidal, insecure child, lack of trust, starting to wet again
Physical Abuse:
Unexplained injuries, fear of medical help, self-destructive tendencies, fear or physical contact.
Neglect
Constant hunger, poor personal hygiene, constant tiredness , poor state of clothing
Emotional
Development lags, sudden speech disorders, self-desperation, overreaction to mistake
c. Incest
Sexual relations between persons closely related
Causes
Lack of attention and love Parents depending on individuals for their assistance Poor supervision
Effects
Poor self-esteem Broken family relationships Pregnancy
d. Poverty
A situation where individuals do not have the basic requirements for a reasonably good quality of life.
Causes
Loss of employment Drug abuse Mental illness
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Effects
Broken homes Helplessness Increase government spending Family conflict Human trafficking Crime increase Prostitution Homelessness Increase social interest Unemployment Low production Increase in deplorable living conditions
e. Desertions:
The voluntary abandonment by a spouse or parent without consent and in breach of obligations to the family.
Causes: The male partner feels of failure Continues extra marital relation Inability to provide financial support for the family One partner making life intolerable for the other Refusal to engage in sexual activity without reason When partners realize they married a wrong person
Effects: Single parent homes Increase in divorce rate Street children Abuse
f. Sexually Transmitted Disease
Causes: Rape Drug Abuse Blood Transfer Infected Needles HIV affected mothers passing on affection
Effects
Increase death Rates Increase discrimination Declining economic activity within the country
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g. Teenage Pregnancy
A pregnancy that occurs in a young woman below the age of 20.
Causes
Rape Sexual Abuse Low self-esteem Peer pressure Lack of knowledge
Effects
Health problems Social and emotional problems Depression Abortion Delay in education
Solution
Abstain Use protection Make a list of the pros and cons on being a pregnant teenager Decided if that is the right path to a successful career.
h. Alternative Lifestyle
A way of living chosen by the individual that is not considered the norm.
Causes
Peer pressure Unknown identity
Effects
Social misunderstanding Unequal treatment Legal troubles Social change
i. Substance abuse
The excessive use of a substance usually alcohol or drugs or the over use of medication prescribed by doctors that contain traces of alcohol or drugs.
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Causes:
Stress Depression Sickness Peer-pressure
Effects
Delayed education Health Problems Possible death
Solution
Abstain Regular appointments with a psychiatrist Programmes with Rehab centres
Domestic violence
Any incident or violent behaviour whether sexual, physical, verbal between adults who are or have been intimate with each other or family members regardless of gender.
Causes
Abuse of power Anger problems
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7. Be able to examine the characteristics of effective parenting
Characteristics of a good parent: Problem solving skills, communication skills, socialising skills, disciplinary skills, knowledge of good nutrition, showing of love/warmth, money management skills.
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8. Describe the requirements for cohesion in groups and institutions;
Requirements for group cohesion include the following:
Leadership, control, cooperation, authority, commitment And loyalty.
Leadership
The ability of a company's management to make sound decisions and inspire others to perform well. Effective leaders are able to set and achieve challenging goals, to take swift and decisive action even in difficult situations, to outperform their competition, to take calculated risks and to persevere in the face of failure. Strong communication skills, self-confidence, the ability to manage others and a willingness to embrace change also characterize good leaders.
Control
Controlling is one of the managerial functions like planning, organizing, staffing and directing. It is an important function because it helps to check the errors and to take the corrective action so that deviation from standards are minimized and stated goals of the organization are achieved in a desired manner.
Co-operation, commitment, and loyalty
Principles that have been derived from values of their own, or the ideas or philosophy promoted by a leader, group or organization.
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9. Explain and use correctly terms and concepts associated with social groups and institutions as listed in content (11);
Social Group
A number of individuals who share a common bond or relationship and have a particular goal or purpose.
Question
Why do people join Social groups?
Answer
To satisfy needs for: Belonging and identity Physical companionship Emotional security Leadership and decision making opportunities Statuses and importance
Categories of Social Groups
Size- large, small, medium (primary) Structure: simple, complex Membership: two persons over 20 Formalization: informal, formal Purpose:
Types of Groups
Primary: Family, class Secondary: school, political party Formal: school, church, youth clubs Informal: boys playing cricket, gangs Peer groups: boys playing cricket on the field Involuntary groups: Military groups Negative/Dysfunctional groups: gangs. Guerrilla groups Interest groups: E.A.G (Environmental Awareness Group) Formal/Voluntary Group:
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Definitions of Social Groups
Terms that are associated with Social Groups and their definitions.
Culture: The customs, arts and technology of a people or nation at a given time
Social Control: A mechanism used to regulate individuals, groups and organizational behaviour, and is useful to prevent chaos.
Norms: Ways of behaving shared by most members of a groups, class or culture.
Term Definition
Primary group Small groups characterized by intimacy, face-to-face contact and a relative degree of permanence.
Secondary group Secondary groups are much larger than primary groups this leads to less interaction among members and less intimacy than in smaller primary groups. Informal groups Groups with no written rules regarding behaviour of members however, they do know how to react in given situations. Peer groups Groups formed by people of the same age and of similar social status who share a close bond. Formal groups Have rules regarding the behaviour of members that govern the interaction among members. Voluntary groups Are groups formed to provide some sort of service to the community. Involuntary groups Members are forced to belong Dysfunctional Groups Groups that are involved in criminal activities. Interest groups
An organized collection of people who attempt to influence government policy. 20
Mores: Norms which are established practices or behaviour patterns of society.
Folkways: Traditional patterns of behaviour in society that are learned and practiced from childhood.
Laws: Institutionalized norms
Institution: Are widely shared beliefs, social-norms and procedures that satisfy basic needs. They can also be seen as living arrangements in which individuals, groups or organizations resolve central problems of living.
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10. Outline the characteristics of primary, secondary, formal and informal groups;
Characteristics of social groups:
a. structure; large or small b. common goals; c. voluntary or involuntary membership; d. marks of identity; e. common needs, interest and values; f. specific ways of interacting determined by rules and regulations; g. established patterns of behaviour; h. cooperation to achieve group goals; Purpose i. Sanctions.
Social group
Characteristics
Primary
Examples: Family Class Close-knit Small in size Intimate relations Usually long lasting Feelings of strong personal identity within group
Secondary
Examples: Work School Sports team Small or large Usually short-term Mostly impersonal Generally informal
Formal
Examples: School Church Youth Clubs Groups are designated by an organization as a means to an end Have rules regarding members behaviour
Informal
Examples: Boys playing cricket Gangs Important for their own sake No written rules about behaviour They know how to react in a given situation 22
Specific Objectives
Content
11.describe factors which assist in the preparation for parenthood
Preparation for parenthood physical, economic, emotional and psychological readiness.
12 describe the characteristics of institutions; Characteristics of institutions. Institutions as:
a. A social norm: i. made up of norms, mores and values; ii. endures over time; iii. can be modified; iv. influences the working of society; v. forms the basis for the development of organisations.
b. An organisation: i. hierarchical structure; ii. specific function; iii. written rules; iv. fixed sanctions; v. endure over time; vi. symbols; vii. Rituals.
13. assess the reasons for laws to protect the family in social situations as listed in content
Laws related to: a. inheritance b. child care c. legal separation d. divorce e. domestic violence
14.Evaluate the characteristics of a good parent.
Characteristics of a good parent: Problem solving skills, communication skills, socialising skills, disciplinary skills, knowledge of good nutrition, showing of love/warmth, money management
15. evaluate the functions of institutions in society;
Functions of institutions. a. economic b. educational c. recreational d. religious e. political
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11. Describe factors which assist in the preparation for parenthood.
Why do parents need to be physically prepared in order to care for children? Imagine, an unhealthy, lazy, and unfit mother with a dishevelled appearance trying to dish-out discipline to her 6 year old for her messy room. The toddler upon seeing her mothers appearance added to her usual lackadaisical behaviour around the house was simply following in her mothers footsteps and was quite oblivious to what she had done to deserve such a scolding from her mother. After her mothers rant, she innocently looked up at her mother and said What have I done wrong? I was just trying to be like you. Upon this early age of development parents need to understand that young children normally between the ages of 2-8, often look upon their parents like superheroes and would want to follow their example. Be careful to note it may not just be the example of the parent that has a toll on parenting methods. The parent to, if not physically up to par to what we would deem to be physically healthy, may have problems dealing with over-active, happy children. Children take a lot of energy, and if parents cannot keep up to that physical health that it takes to take care of children, they may reach an I dont care stage which in they would just leave their children to happily roam and gallivant around the place .As a result, The world would just be populated with a child that has no significant benefit to society.
Why do parents need to be economically prepared for parenthood? The average cost of raising a child to the age of 18 is averaged over a million dollars. In order for children to have a comfortable way of living and some of lifes pleasures and enjoyments, parents often supply them with gifts or presents. Not to spoil their child but to allow them a free and happy childhood. Imagine, a parent who has three children roughly of the ages 7, 14 and 2.Naturally the 2 year old being the less developed physically would be a dependent while the other children can stand on their own. Including the cost of basic needs (food, clothes, entertainment etc.), and General education Primary, Secondary and tertiary education and also pocket money. The estimated cost would be at least 3 million dollars. These children deserve a chance at a comfortable life so parents need to be economically stable to do so.
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Why do parents need to be emotionally prepared for parenthood? During different stages in a childs life they would often go through emotional turmoil usually between the teenage years. A parent needs to be able to handle their emotions well so during these stages they can sympathize or empathize with their children.
Why do parents need to be psychologically prepared for parenthood?
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12. What are the characteristics of institutions?
Definition
Institutions are arrangements by which individuals, groups or organizations resolve central problems of living.
Characteristics of institutions Satisfy basic need such as the need to be loved, companionship etc. Have a body of rules that govern the behaviours of members of their relations with other institutions