An Investigation into Transformational and Transactional

Leadership Styles and Motivation among the Teachers in

Colleges of Oman

ABSTRACT

Leadership trends are changing throughout the world and have become a sole reason to the
establishment of successful work and executive teams in equity of organizations. This pace is
missing in Oman because of cultural and educational lag which has resulted in poor motivational
levels in the followers, especially in the educational institutes. In this new era of technological
progress, the concept of leadership should not leave static but it requires in up to date
amendments with respect to time and changing styles. However, it has been witnessed that very
small research has been performed on this particular topic in Omani colleges. The colleges shape
the future of any nation in the world and it is essential to explore the phenomenon of teacher
motivation as allowed by the leadership. This study has found that there is a strong relationship
between the transformational and transactional leadership style and motivation of the teachers. It
has also been found that the leaders are less aware of the importance of motivation, sufficient
knowledge of team building, and its effect on teacher value and performance levels. There are
many leadership styles prevailing in the organizational setups but the writer in this research will
investigate the proposed linkage of transformational and transactional leadership styles in
reference to motivation.

DECLARATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1 ..................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.1

Chapter Overview ....................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.2

Rationale for the Research .......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.2.1

Current Position of Leadership in Omani Colleges ............ Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.3

Significance of the Study ............................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.4

Problem Discussion and Research Question ............................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.4.1

Aim ..................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.4.2

Objectives ........................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.5

Scope of the Study ...................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.6

Layout of the Dissertation ........................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.7

Chapter Summary ....................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Chapter 2 ..................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

LITERATURE REVIEW ....................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.1

Chapter Overview ....................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2

The Concept of Leadership ......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2.1

Source of Charisma ............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2.2

Leadership and Vision ........................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2.3

Theories of Leadership........................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.3

Transformational Leadership ...................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.3.1

Four Is Model of Transformational Leadership ................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.3.2

Transformational Leadership in the Context of Education . Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.3.3
Transformational Leadership and Motivation among the Teachers... Error! Bookmark not
defined.
2.3.4

Arguments against the Transformational Leadership ......... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.3.5

Hypothesis Development .................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.4

Transactional Leadership Style ............................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.4.1

Need for the Transactional Leadership ............................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.4.2

Benefits of Transactional Leadership.................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.4.3

Drawbacks of Transactional Leadership ............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.4.4

Transactional Leadership and Teachers Motivation .......... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.4.4

Hypothesis Development .................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.5

Chapter Summary ....................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Chapter 3 ..................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.1

Chapter Overview ....................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.2

Aim and Objectives of the Research (To Remind) ..................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.2.1Aim ............................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.2.2 Objectives .................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.3

Research Process ......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.4

Research Approach (Inductive and Deductive) .......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.5

Research Philosophy ................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.6

Qualitative and Quantitative Method .......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.7

Research Strategy........................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.8

Data Collection Process .............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.8.1

Questionnaire Design .......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.8.2

Interview ............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.8.3

Image Elicitation ................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.8.4

Transparency ....................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.9

Sample Selection ......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.10

The Credibility of the Research Findings ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.10.1

Reliability ............................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.10.2

Validity ............................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.11

Understanding of the Research Process by the Researcher ........ Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.12 Chapter Summary ........................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Chapter 4 ..................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS.................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1

Chapter Overview ....................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.2

Details of the Survey Performed ................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.3

Data Collected from the Questionnaires ..................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.3.1

General Information (Typology of the Respondents) ......... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.3.2

Transformational Leadership and Motivation ..................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.3.3

Transactional Leadership and Motivation ........................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.3.4
4.4

Image Elicited ..................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

The Descriptive Statistical Analysis ........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.4.1

Correlations ......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.4.2

Hypothesis Testing.............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.5

Data Collected from the Interviews ............................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.6

Chapter Summary ....................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Chapter 5 ..................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.1

Chapter Overview ....................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.2

Linkage to the Research and Epilogue ........................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.2.1

Transformational Leadership Style: Certainly Beneficial ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.3

Recommendations ....................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.4

Limitations of the Current Study ................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.5

Future Research Work ................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.6

Chapter Summary ....................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

REFERENCES ........................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Appendices.................................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Appendix 1 .............................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Appendix 2 .............................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Appendix 3 .............................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Appendix 4 .............................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Appendix 5 .............................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.