Tunnel and Bridge Assessments

Thames Tideway Tunnel
Thames Water Utilities Limited
Application for Development Consent

Application Reference Number: WWO10001
Tunnel and Bridge Assessments

Central Zone
Doc Ref: 9.15.27
Folder 96
September 2013
DCO-DT-000-ZZZZZ-091500
Battersea B Power Station Cable Tunnel
Battersea B Power Station Cable Tunnel
Table of contents
Page number
Executive summary......................................................................................................... 3
Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 4
2.1
Site Description ..................................................................................................... 4
Structure Details ............................................................................................................. 6

3.1
Asset Details ......................................................................................................... 6
3.2
Asset Condition ..................................................................................................... 6
3.3
Thames Tunnel Details ......................................................................................... 7
Material Properties ......................................................................................................... 8

4.1
Lining Details ........................................................................................................ 8
4.2
Ground Conditions ................................................................................................ 8
Assessment Criteria ...................................................................................................... 10

5.1
Ground Movement Assessments......................................................................... 10
5.2
Analytical method ............................................................................................... 10
5.3
Assessment assumptions ..................................................................................... 10
5.4
Ground movement estimates for structural assessment ...................................... 11
Structural Assessment .................................................................................................. 14

6.1
General ................................................................................................................ 14
6.2
Cast iron lining details ........................................................................................ 14
6.3
Analytical method ............................................................................................... 14
Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 21
Appendices .............................................................................................................................. 22
Appendix A - Drawings .................................................................................................. 23
Appendix B Calculations ............................................................................................. 24
Appendix C - Risk Register ............................................................................................ 25
Appendix D Inspection Report .................................................................................... 26
Detailed Assessment of Ground

Movement Effects on UKPN Battersea B
Power Station Cable Tunnel
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List of figures
Page number
Figure 1: Plan of the Thames Tunnel and the crossing with the UKPN Battersea B Cable
Tunnel. ..................................................................................................................... 4
Figure 2: Section on interface of UKPN Battersea B Cable Tunnel and Thames Tunnel ......... 5
Figure 3: Tunnel crown and invert vertical movement ............................................................ 11
Figure 4: Imposed incremental radius of curvature ................................................................. 12
Figure 5: Assessment procedure transverse direction ........................................................... 14
Figure 6: Interaction diagram of existing conditions ............................................................... 16
Figure 7: Interaction diagram including Thames Tunnel works .............................................. 17
Figure 8: Assessment procedure Longitudinal direction....................................................... 18
List of tables
Page number
Table 1: Asset information ......................................................................................................... 6

Table 2: Tunnel lining geometry and assumed key parameters ................................................. 8
Table 3: Summary of Ground Conditions .................................................................................. 9
Table 4: Ground movement assessment parameters ................................................................ 10
Table 5: Calculated distortion .................................................................................................. 12
Table 6: Calculated imposed radius of curvature ..................................................................... 13
Table 7: Assumed key parameters ........................................................................................... 15
Table 8: Imposed bolt and lining stresses ................................................................................ 19

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UKPN Battersea B Power Station Cable Tunnel
Executive summary
Thames Water is currently progressing with its planned Tideway improvements. The
improvement works consists of the construction of two new tunnels, the Thames Tunnel and
the Lee Tunnel, together with a programme of sewer upgrades. Construction of the proposed
Thames Tunnel (TT), an 8.1m 8.8m excavated diameter tunnel, stretching approximately
23km for much of its route under the River Thames from West London to Abbey Mills is due
to commence in 2016.
This report assesses the likely ground movements that may arise from construction of the
Thames Tunnel works and the impacts on the UK Power Networks (UKPN) Battersea B
Power Station cable tunnel. The Thames Tunnel will pass directly beneath the Battersea B
tunnel with a vertical clearance of approximately 18.5m. The interface is located below the
River Thames near the Battersea Power Station in the borough of Wandsworth.
Using conservative estimates of the likely ground movements that may arise from
construction of the Thames Tunnel works, the impact on the Battersea B tunnel has been
assessed. The calculations indicate that the tunnel will settle by a maximum of 17.8mm and
be subjected to a minimum radius of curvature of approximately 17.5km.
The assessment has been based on a number of assumptions regarding the tunnel lining
material, properties and geometry. Additional information on the tunnel lining geometry was
obtained during a visual inspection carried out on the 15 March 2012. The visual inspection
indicated that the cast iron segments are in a good condition. The tunnel was dry at the time of
the inspection and even though there were limited signs of water ingress, a number of
stalactites may indicate that water has been present at some point. The tunnel lining and bolts
exhibit varying degrees of corrosion but it is considered that the corrosion is mainly
superficial with only minimal loss of structural section and the structural capacity. However,
the impact of corrosion has been considered in the assessment and a condition factor of 0.9 is
adopted in accordance with LUL standard G-055 and 1-055.
The current assessment indicates that the impact on the Battersea B cable tunnel in both
transverse and longitudinal direction is within the existing lining capacity. The radial
deformations have been assessed using standardised methods and the resulting bending
moments and hoop thrusts have been assessed to be within acceptable limits. In the
longitudinal direction, the imposed distortions will result in the potential for opening up of
tunnel joints. Conservative estimates indicate that a gap of no more than 0.12mm could
potentially open up between the rings. Considering that the current water ingress in the tunnel
is limited and that the tunnel is founded in the relatively impermeable London Clay, it is not
anticipated that opening up of the joints will result in an increase of water ingress or impact
aversely on the tunnel or in-tunnel structures.

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Introduction
2.1
Site Description
The interface of the proposed Thames Tunnel and the Battersea B cable tunnel is located
below the River Thames, close to Battersea Power Station. The interface of the Thames
Tunnel with the Battersea cable tunnel is at approximate Thames Tunnel chainage 11400m
and UKPN chainage 575m (assuming 0m chainage starts at the shaft on the north
embankement).
The river bed level at the interface is at approximately 95.8mATD (ATD = Above Tunnel
Datum: 100mATD = 0 Ordnance Datum OD).
At the interface, the proposed 8.8m diameter Thames Tunnel will pass directly beneath the
Battersea B cable tunnel with a vertical clearance of approximately 18.5m. The Thames
Tunnel crosses the UKPN tunnel at an angle of approximately 40 with 90 being a
perpendicular interface.
Drawings obtained from the Thames Tunnel project team indicates that the Battersea B tunnel
consists of a 2.44m internal diameter tunnel. Photographic evidence suggests that the lining
consists of bolted cast iron segments and this was confirmed during the visual inspection.
The site location and position of the Thames Tunnel interface is shown in Figure 1 and
Figure 2.
Battersea B
Cable Tunnel
Thames Tunnel
Figure 1: Plan of the Thames Tunnel and the crossing with the UKPN Battersea B Cable
Tunnel.

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18.5m clearance
between Battersea B
cable tunnel and
Thames Tunnel crown
34.36
Battersea B Power Station
Cable Tunnel
(2.44m ID)
Thames Tunnel
Figure 2: Section on interface of UKPN Battersea B Cable Tunnel and Thames Tunnel

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Structure Details
3.1
Asset Details
The Battersea B cable tunnel was constructed after the end of the Second World War, when
construction began on the second phase of the power station, the B station. The station came
into operation gradually between 1953 and 1955, and it is believed that the tunnel was
completed no later than 1955.
The Battersea B cable tunnel is owned and operated by UKPN. The tunnel runs between the
Battersea B power station and a remote shaft on the north embankment at Chelsea Bridge
Road
Limited information about the asset has been obtained from archive drawings and Thames
Tunnel alignment drawings received from the Thames Tunnel project team. Further
information was also gathered from a visual inspection undertaken on the 15 March 2012.
The information is summarised below in Table 1.
Table 1: Asset information
Classification
Asset Name
Asset Owner
Built
UKPN Chainage at interface
Dimensions
Type
River Bed Level
Crown Level
Invert Level
Available/received Surveys
Description
Battersea B Cable Tunnel
UKPN
1953-1955
Approximately 575m
2.44m ID
Bolted cast iron segments
95.8m ATD
87.3m ATD
84.3m ATD
Visual inspection carried out by Arup on the
15 March 2012.
The material properties of the lining cannot be determined based on the available information.
In order to undertake the structural assessment, parameters are based on data for standard
LUL cast iron segmental linings of the same diameter as specified in Section 4.
A risk register included in Appendix B outlines assumed lining assumptions.
3.2
Asset Condition
The visual inspection indicated that cast iron segments are in a good condition and the tunnel
was dry at the time of the inspection. There are however a large number of stalactites of
varying sizes throughout the tunnel which may indicate that water has been present at some
point. The segments also show signs of corrosion but it is considered that the corrosion is
mainly superficial with only minimal loss of structural section and the structural capacity.
Findings from the inspection have been summarised in the inspection report in Appendix D.

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3.3
Thames Tunnel Details
3.3.1
Construction programme
A detailed construction programme for the bored tunnel is yet to be confirmed, however, it is
understood that construction work is due to start in 2016.
3.3.2
Thames Tunnel main tunnel
The main Thames Tunnel at the Battersea B cable tunnel interface is currently planned to be
7.2m internal diameter with a primary and secondary lining giving an effective 8.5m external
diameter and an excavated cut diameter of 8.8m.
The Thames Tunnel in this location is anticipated to be constructed using an Earth Pressure
Balance (EPB) style or Slurry style Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM), using a precast segmental
lining. The tunnel axis is at approximately 61.0m ATD and the TBM is anticipated to
encounter the London Clay strata from crown to axis and Lambeth Group strata from axis to
invert, at the interface with the UKPN tunnel.

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Material Properties
4.1
Lining Details
Since no as-built information has been provided at the time of the assessment, certain key
parameters are based on typical material properties for standard cast iron tunnel linings. The
assumed parameters will have to be confirmed by the asset owner. Available data from
drawings and from the visual inspection are summarised in Table 2 below.
Table 2: Tunnel lining geometry and assumed key parameters
Dimension/property
Internal diameter
No. of segments
Ring width
Flange depth
Flange thickness
Plate/skin thickness
Cast iron Youngs Modulus
Cast iron compressive strength
Cast iron tensile strength
Number of radial bolts per joint
Number of circumferential bolts
per joint
Bolt length
Bolt diameter
Value
2.44m (8ft)
Ring 1-77: 7 (6 + 1Key)
Ring 78 - to shaft: 7 segments
508mm
95mm
28mm
26mm
100,000MPa 12.5%
150 N/mm
38 N/mm
3
Notes
1
1
135mm
25mm
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
3
3
1
Notes:
4.2
1.
Visual inspection carried out on the 15 March 2012 as part of the Thames Tunnel
project.
2.
Assumed dimensions based on similar size cast iron segmental tunnel linings.
3.
Segment properties based on LUL standards for cast iron lined tunnels.
Ground Conditions
A review of available borehole logs has been undertaken in order to establish ground
conditions at the Thames Tunnel interface. The review has also assessed whether geological
features such as scour hollows are likely to be present that may affect the tunnel construction.
It is important to establish whether geological anomalies are present since it can impact on
tunnelling construction and the volume loss which can be achieved.
The geological sequence at the proposed main Thames Tunnel / Battersea cable tunnel
crossing is based on borehole SR2065 and SR2066 located in the River Thames on either side
of Grosvenor Bridge, to the west of the cable tunnel. These boreholes were drilled by Fugro in
June 2010 as part of the Thames Tunnel Phase 2 Project.

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A summary of the borehole logs indicates that the geological sequence comprises River
Terrace Deposits, London Clay Formation, Harwich Formation, Lambeth Group Formation,
Thanet Sand Formation and Seaford Chalk Formation.
The Battersea cable tunnel, with a crown level at 87.3m ATD and an invert level at 84.3m
ATD lies entirely within the London Clay stratum. The Thames Tunnel, with an axis level at
approximately 61.0m ATD lies with the crown in the London Clay strata and the invert in the
Lambeth Group strata.
Even though there are no indications of scour features in the reviewed boreholes, it should be
noted that deep scour features have been recorded at Battersea Power Station. However, the
risk of tunnelling through a scour feature is considered low and the Thames Tunnel project
team have carried out an assessment of the risk of construction intersection from scour
features (doc no: 100-RG-GEO-00000-00017). These features have been surveyed to project
to depths above 85 mATD in the Battersea area. It is therefore unlikely that they will extend
down into the proposed tunnel corridor as there is over 20m of clay cover to the Thames
Tunnel soffit anticipated where the tunnel crosses beneath TU003. The anticipated extent of
scour features is presented in Appendix A.
The geological cross-section is shown in Figure 2 and the stratigraphy is summarised in
Table 3.
Table 3: Summary of Ground Conditions
SR2065
Geological formation and stratigraphy
Quaternary
Palaeogene
Cretaceous
Made Ground
River Terrace Deposits
Eocene
Thames
London
Group
Clay
Formation
Harwich
Formation
Palaeocene
Lambeth Woolwich Upper
Group
Formation Shelly
Beds
Reading
Upper
Formation Mottled
Beds
Woolwich Laminated
Formation beds
Reading
Lower
Formation Mottled
Beds
Upnor
Formation
Thanet Sand
Formation
Bullhead
Beds
White Chalk Subgroup
Seaford
White
Chalk
Chalk
Formation Subgroup
SR2066
approximate level (mATD)

96.1-94.6
94.6-60.3
96.5-94.7
94.7-60.8
60.3-60.2
60.8-60.7
60.2-58.6
60.7-58.3
58.6-53.5
58.3-53.2
53.5-52.3
53.2-52.3
52.3-45.4
52.3-44.2
45.4-42.7
44.2-42.3
42.7-29.9
29.9-29.7
42.3-30.6
30.6-30.5
29.7 (END)
30.5 (END)
The above assessment confirms that the borehole data is in agreement with Thames Tunnels
ground model, which has been used in the assessment.
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Assessment Criteria
5.1
Ground Movement Assessments
The ground movement assessment of the UKPN tunnel has assessed end of construction
displacements caused by construction of the Thames Tunnel. The magnitude and distribution
of these ground movements are a function of many factors such as geotechnical properties of
the ground, construction sequence and program, and the overall standard of workmanship.
The assessment of ground movement assumes that a high standard of workmanship is
adopted by the Contractor. This is assured by review and approval by all relevant parties of
the contractors method statements. Nonetheless, a conservative approach has been adopted in
the selection of input parameters, with the result that this assessment represents a moderately
conservative estimate of ground movement effects.
5.2
Analytical method
Sub-surface greenfield ground movements are calculated using empirical methods (Mair et
al., 1993 and Taylor, 1995) where a settlement trough perpendicular to the new tunnel can be
estimated using an inverted normal probability curve (Gaussian curve). The three dimensional
form of movement is calculated using the Attewell & Woodman (1982) methodology.
Unless otherwise stated ground movements discussed in this report represent greenfield
values that is, it is assumed that overlying or adjacent structures have no influence on the
magnitude or distribution of the estimated movements at foundation level. This is a
conservative, simplifying assumption and the stiffness of individual structures and their depth
of embedment may reduce structural deformations.
The estimated ground movements at the asset location are derived from the Oasys software
Xdisp.
5.3
Assessment assumptions
The borehole review, described in Section 4.2, confirms that the UKPN cable tunnel is
located within the London Clay. The Thames Tunnel is located within both the London Clay
and the Lambeth Group stratum. Since there is no evidence from the borehole review that
scour hollows or other geological anomalies are present, the moderately conservative
volume loss parameter as specified by the Thames Tunnel project team is deemed appropriate
for the ground movement assessment.
Table 4: Ground movement assessment parameters
Assessment parameters
Volume Loss (Thames Tunnel main tunnel)
Value
1.0%
Trough width parameter (K) at ground

surface

0.5
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5.4
Ground movement estimates for structural assessment
In order to determine the imposed deformation of the UKPN cable tunnel for the structural
assessment in Section 6, greenfield vertical ground movements have been calculated along
the tunnel at levels corresponding to the crown and invert. These levels are intrados positions
of the tunnel. The estimated settlement along the UKPN tunnel is presented graphically in
Figure 3.
TU003 Battersea B
Vertical displacement at crown and invert
-2
Offset from TT centreline [m]
200
400
600
800
Sub-surface displacement [mm]
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Tunnel Crown
Tunnel Invert
Figure 3: Tunnel crown and invert vertical movement
The estimated ground movements have been used to assess the following tunnel
deformations, assuming the tunnel moves freely with the ground:
Maximum tunnel squat/elongation in the transverse direction; and
Worst case radius of curvature imposed on the tunnel in the hogging and sagging
zones in the longitudinal direction.
5.4.1
Maximum tunnel squat/elongation
The diametrical distortion, i.e. the change in diameter divided by the original tunnel diameter,
of a tunnel lining due to ground loading will result in either an increase of the vertical
diameter and a decrease of the horizontal diameter (elongation) or an increase of the
horizontal diameter and a decrease of the vertical diameter (squat).

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The maximum vertical displacement at levels corresponding to the tunnel crown and invert
are summarised in Table 5. The distortion of the UKPN tunnel is calculated by dividing the
maximum differential ground movement (i.e. the difference between crown and invert
settlement) by the diameter of the tunnel.
Table 5: Calculated distortion
Maximum vertical displacement

Crown
Max. differential
Invert
17.8mm
16.6mm
1.2mm
Diametrical
distortion
0.04%
The effect of elongation/squat is a potential change in bending moment of the segmental

lining that may cause rotation of the joints. The calculated value will form part of the
structural assessment (see Section 6.3.4).
5.4.2
Tunnel imposed radius of curvature
The worst case imposed radius of curvature in the longitudinal direction, Rimposed, has been
calculated based on the Greenfield settlement profile along the tunnel invert level.
The critical mode of longitudinal deformation is where the tunnel deforms (bends) within a
sagging or a hogging zone. The radius of curvature has been calculated considering
incremental radii of curvature between the points of inflection. The tightest imposed radius of
curvature, Rimposed has been calculated as the minimum of these values, as illustrated in
Figure 4 below.
L is the cumulative distance between the incremental intervals and is the magnitude of
displacement between the points.
Figure 4: Imposed incremental radius of curvature

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Table 6: Calculated imposed radius of curvature
Minimum imposed radius of curvature, Rimposed due to vertical movement

Sagging
UKPN Battersea B Cable Tunnel
17.5km
The radius of curvature will be used to assess the structural impact on the UKPN tunnel in the
longitudinal direction (see Section 6.3.6). This will include assessing bolts and the size of the
gap which may open up between two segments.

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Structural Assessment
6.1
General
The structural assessment of the bolted cast iron lined UKPN tunnel considers existing
conditions and additional conditions due to construction of the Thames Tunnel.
The estimated vertical distortion (difference between crown and invert maximum vertical
movements) is considered when assessing the change in lining stresses while the imposed
radius of curvature is considered when assessing the potential for opening up of tunnel joints
and bolts.
6.2
Cast iron lining details
The structural assessment is based on assumed material properties and tunnel geometry since
no as-built information has been provided at the time of writing of this assessment. The
assumed parameters are summarised in Section 4.1.
6.3
Analytical method
6.3.1
Change in lining stresses due to squat/elongation of tunnel section
An outline of the assessment procedure is presented below in Figure 5. Calculations are

included in Appendix A.
Figure 5: Assessment procedure transverse direction
PERMISSIBLE TUNNEL LINING
CAPACITY ENVELOPE
From lining material and section properties
DETERMINE EXISTING HOOP FORCES

IN LINING
Using Elastic Continuum method after
Duddeck and Erdmann (1985)
DETERMINE CHANGE IN BENDING

MOMENT IN LINING DUE TO THAMES
TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION
Apply predicted distortion to tunnel and use
Morgan (1961) method to calculate change in
BM
CHECK THE AXIAL FORCE/BENDING

MOMENT REMAINS WITHIN THE
PERMISSIBLE CAPACITY ENVELOPE

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6.3.2
Permissible tunnel lining capacity envelope
The lining capacity envelope is determined by plotting an interaction diagram. The interaction
diagram can be plotted, by computing the bending moment and hoop force values. This
provides an envelope which defines the limit of the cast iron lining capacity. Lining
dimensions and cast iron grade are parameters that impact on the capacity envelope. The
interaction diagram for the Battersea B tunnel is based on the parameters summarised in
Section 4.1.
6.3.3
Determine existing lining stresses
The existing stresses, which do not include the effect of the Thames Tunnel works, are
calculated using Duddeck and Erdmann (1985). Tunnel stresses using Duddeck and Erdmann
are assumed to be in a continuous elastic environment and therefore, it does not take into
account any volume lost or relaxation of the ground. However, the number of assumptions
made in this report, collectively produce a conservative assessment of the stresses in the
tunnel lining.
The existing stresses are calculated in accordance with a number of assumed parameters.
These are presented in Table 7.
Table 7: Assumed key parameters
Assumed key parameters

Earth pressure coefficient at tunnel location
Surface surcharge
Existing diametric distortion of the tunnel
K0=0.7
No additional surcharge since interface is
located below the River Thames
See below
For the calculations presented in this report two ground water pressure profiles has been
assumed, a hydrostatic ground water pressure profile and zero pore water pressure at the
tunnel axis. The result included in Appendix B is for the most conservative case assuming
zero pore water pressure at the tunnel axis.
Changes in horizontal stress and a reduction of K0 following tunnel construction are likely to
have resulted in the UKPN cable tunnel having a squatted tunnel profile. Since no
dimensional survey records have been obtained, the existing distortion is calculated from the
maximum radial displacement derived from the Duddeck and Erdmann equations. Based on a
maximum radial displacement of 2.76mm, the existing diametrical distortion equates to
0.23% using the Duddeck and Erdmann equations. The Thames Tunnel will then impose
0.04% ovalisation (elongation, i.e. crown to invert distance increases) as discussed in Section
5.4.1.
The maximum bending moment, and hoop force derived from the Duddeck and Erdmann
equations are 8.73kNm/m and 442kN/m respectively and these are plotted in the interaction
diagram to confirm that design assumptions are reasonable as the plotted values should fall
inside the diagram, see Figure 6.

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Figure 6: Interaction diagram of existing conditions
5.00
4.50
4.00
Axial Force (MN/m)
3.50
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
-60.00
-40.00
-20.00
0.00
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
Bending Moment (kNm/m)

Permissible lining capacity
Lining forces existing condition based on Duddeck &
Erdmann
6.3.4
Determine change in bending moment in lining due to Thames Tunnel

construction
The tunnel cross-sectional distortion calculated from vertical greenfield ground movements
equates to a maximum of 0.04% ovalisation as specified in Table 5. Since the existing UKPN
tunnel is likely to have a non-perfect build lining, i.e. the ring may have squatted
during/since construction; the calculated ovalisation will potentially counterbalance the squat
and will therefore not superpose any additional adverse effect on the lining structural
capacity.
This is assessed by using the calculated ovalisation as an input to determine the change in
bending moment in the UKPN tunnel. The calculated ovalisation of 0.04% is subtracted from
the existing diametrical distortion of 0.23%. Using Morgans equations (1961), the final
maximum factored bending moment in the tunnel lining will be 7.5kNm/m. For the purpose
of the structural assessment the ovalisation due to the Thames Tunnel works is considered to
occur in any plane of the tunnel.
6.3.5
Check that the axial force/bending moment remains within the capacity envelope
The factored hoop force calculated by Duddeck and Erdmann and the factored bending
moment described in section 6.3.3 are plotted together in the interaction diagram. If the

16
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moment / hoop thrust plots inside the capacity envelope, this indicates that the lining is within
the section capacity while a moment / hoop thrust outside the capacity envelope indicates that
the tunnel lining will not meet the safety requirements for the code of practice specified for
the calculations.
As shown in Figure 7, the calculated ovalisation will counterbalance the squatted tunnel
profile and the existing bending moment will effectively reduce i.e. move to the left in the
interaction diagram. This is indicated in the interaction diagram below where the plots which
represents the existing condition have a greater bending moment than the plots which
represents the UKPN tunnel after construction of the Thames Tunnel works. It should also be
noted that even if the lining distortion would be added to the existing bending moment and
hoop force, the lining is still within but close to the structural capacity. This covers the
scenario in the hogging region where the crown to invert dimension will reduce as a
consequence of ground movement (ref Figure 3).
Figure 7: Interaction diagram including Thames Tunnel works
5.00
4.50
4.00
Axial Force (MN/m)
3.50
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
-60.00
-40.00
-20.00
0.00
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00

Lining forces existing condition based on Duddeck &
Erdmann
Lining forces including distortion due to TT
construction

17
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6.3.6
Longitudinal deformation of the tunnel lining
In the longitudinal direction, the UKPN tunnel lining is assessed based on the procedure
presented in Figure 8.
Figure 8: Assessment procedure Longitudinal direction
st
1 CHECK
DETERMINE THE MAXIMUM IMPOSED RADIUS

OF CURVATURE FROM GREENFIELD
VERTICAL MOVEMENTS
As described in section 5.4.2
USE THIS IMPOSED RADIUS OF CURVATURE

TO CALCULATE EXTREME FIBRE STRAIN OF
TUNNEL
Use beam bending theory, = r / R
CHECK THE BOLT AND LINING STRESS WITH

THEIR ULTIMATE CAPACITY
Assume extension of bolt and lining at extreme
fibre. The limiting stress in the lining is determined
by the bolt stresses
nd
CHECK
USE THIS IMPOSED RADIUS OF CURVATURE

TO DETERMINE GAP WHICH OPENS UP
BETWEEN TWO RINGS
Assume no circumferential bolts between rings (i.e.
loosened or missing)
CHECK WHETHER THE GAP WILL PRESENT A

RISK TO THE TUNNEL BASED ON
GROUND/GROUNDWATER CONDITIONS
6.3.7
Bolt and lining stress check (1st check)
The method is based on calculating the extreme fibre strains at the extrados of the lining and
the resulting bolt stress using beam bending theory. This method assumes bending mode only
and does not account for shearing due to horizontal axial movement. It should be noted that
the imposed radius of curvature is predominately used for an initial screening assessment to
establish whether the bolts and lining needs further analysis. If the factor of safety of the bolts
and lining is greater than 1, no further assessment is proposed at this stage. However, if the
factor of safety is less than 1, further analysis will be undertaken to look at the performance of
the bolts and flanges in more detail.

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The analysis can be summarised in the expression for overall limiting extreme fibre strain
from:
= +
Where:
skin = skin strain at limiting allowable bolt stress
bolt = bolt strain at limiting allowable bolt stress
Lbolt = length of bolt under tension
Lskin = circumferential width of tunnel segment
Based on the critical imposed radius of curvature in the sagging mode of 17.5km, the bolt
lining stresses required to accommodate this curvature is as follows:
Table 8: Imposed bolt and lining stresses
Distortion mode
Imposed radius of curvature R (m)
Imposed bolt stress (N/mm)
Bolt stress factor of safety1
Imposed lining stress (N/mm)
Lining stress factor of safety2
Sagging
17500
77.1
4.0
6.2
22.1
Notes:
1
The existing stresses in the bolts are unknown and the analysis is based on
comparing the imposed stress with the ultimate bolt tensile stress. The ultimate
tensile stress (including a condition factor) is 342 N/mm2 x 0.9= 307.8N/mm2
The ultimate lining tensile stress = 4 x permissible stress with a lining condition
factor of 0.9 = 4 x 0.9 x 38 = 136.8N/mm
The imposed stresses on the bolt in Table 8 present the limiting case with the calculated bolt
stress, in the sagging mode of distortion, having a factor of safety of 4 in relation to the
ultimate bolt stress of 307.8 N/mm2 (this relates to bolts at the extreme fibre in the invert).
Since the factor of safety is greater than 1, the impact on the discharge tunnel lining and bolts,
due to the Thames Tunnel works, is considered to be minor and no further assessment will be
undertaken.
6.3.8
Gap opening up between rings (2nd check)
The tunnel lining is assessed by examining the maximum gap that can occur between two
rings. The imposed radius of curvature is used to calculate the maximum gap due to bending
which may open up between rings.
Gap = (bxR)/(R-) - b
Where b = overall width of section
R = imposed radius of curvature
= External diameter

19
Printed 04/04/2012

The maximum gap from bending at the Battersea B interface is 0.08mm. However, the
maximum gap from bending as explained above together with maximum imposed gap due to
horizontal displacement gives a maximum combined gap of 0.12mm. This gap is considered
small and since the Battersea B tunnel is founded in the relatively impermeable London Clay,
there is no significant risk associated with opening up of the tunnel joints.
6.3.9
In house structures
The Battersea B tunnel houses in tunnel structures such as brackets and a limited number of
communication cables. Based on the calculated ground movement, the impact on any in
tunnel structures is considered likely to be negligible.

20
Printed 04/04/2012
Conclusion
The assessment described in this report is based on PBA/Arups understanding of the

proposed Thames Tunnel project. Any recommendations should be considered holistically by
the Thames Tunnel project team within the detailed context of the proposed works onsite.
The UKPN Battersea B cable tunnel is located directly above the Thames Tunnel with a
vertical clearance of approximately 18.5m. Results from the ground movement assessment in
the longitudinal and transverse direction have been used to calculate the resulting stresses
imposed on the tunnel lining. The assessment is based on a number of conservative
assumptions regarding lining material properties and geometry.
The current assessment indicates that the impact on the UKPN cable tunnel in both transverse
and longitudinal direction is within the lining capacity. The maximum gap of 0.12mm which
may open up between two segments is considered to present low risk to the integrity of the
tunnel structure since the tunnel is located within the relatively impermeable London Clay
strata. The impact on the bolted segments is also considered to be low.
A visual inspection was carried out on the 15th March 2012 in order to validate assumptions
relating to this assessment report and to confirm the likely behaviour of the tunnel. The visual
inspection indicates that the cast iron tunnel segments are in good condition. The tunnel was
dry at the time of the inspection and even though there were limited signs of water ingress, a
number of stalactites may indicate that water has been present at some point. The tunnel
lining and bolts exhibits varying degree of corrosion but it is considered that the corrosion is
mainly superficial with only minimal loss of structural section and the structural capacity.
Maintenance checks of the bolted segments during excavation of the Thames Tunnel may be
appropriate and it is also recommended that a condition survey is carried out after the
proposed construction of the Thames Tunnel. This will confirm whether any adverse changes
in the condition of the tunnel have occurred as a result of the Thames Tunnel construction.

21
Printed 04/04/2012
Appendices
Appendices

22
Printed 29/03/2012
Appendices
Appendix A - Drawings

23
Printed 29/03/2012
* THE EXCAVATED TUNNEL DIAMETER

ADOPTED IN THE GROUND MOVEMENT
ASSESSMENT IS 8.8M.
APPROXIMATELY 120m OF TUNNEL TO BE INSPECTED
NOTE:
1. VERTICAL SETTLEMENT IS SHOWN
EXAGGERATED BY A FACTOR OF 500.
2. DO NOT SCALE FROM DRAWING
87.29
84.29
TUNNEL CURVE KEY:
34.81
17.8mm
TUNNEL SETTLEMENT CURVE 1% VL
BATTERSEA B POWER
STATION CABLE TUNNEL
(3.0M ID)
ID
GEOTECHNICAL KEY:
SUPERFICIAL DEPOSITS
AND MADE GROUND
LONDON CLAY
FORMATION
LAMBETH GROUP
THANET SAND FORMATION
CHALK GROUP
0m
LONGITUDINAL SECTION THAMES TUNNEL AT BATTERSEA B POWER STATION CABLE TUNNEL (TU003)
10m
20m
40m
UKPN BATTERSEA B POWER

GREENFIELD GROUND
SETTLEMENT 1.0% VL
307-SK2-TPI-TU003-810000-AB
DATE ISSUED: 21.03.2012
N
1m
10
DO NOT SCALE - IF IN DOUBT ASK
D
AT
D
m AT
3
0
1
Status:
FOR INFORMATION
0m
10
95m
ATD
Keyplan:
D
m AT
2
0
1
D
AT
94
m
A
TD
THIS DRAWING
D
AT
SA1096
AT
D
SR2073
SR2072
SR2071
SH10X - CHELSEA EMBANKMENT

FORESHORE DROP SHAFT
O HACKNEY
SEAT
CHEL
AND
SANDL
T
MI
I
NEL
I
L
O
ECTT
SUBJ
ON.
I
RMAT
I
CONF
D
m AT
7
9
SR1092
SR1089
SR2069
9
5
m
AT
D
SR1087
SR1087A
SR2067
SHOULD NOT BE TAKEN TO MEAN THAT SUCH SITE WILL BE

m
93
SELECTED AS A CONSTRUCTION SITE TO FORM PART OF THE

THAMES TUNNEL SCHEME.
D
T
A
COORDINATES ARE TO ORDNANCE SURVEY DATUM OSGB36.

WHICH IS 100 METRES BELOW ORDNANCE DATUM NEWLYN.
9
5
mA
TD
SR2063
SR2064
SA1084
PR1081
BP1
9
7
m AT
D
KEY
MAIN TUNNEL
D
AT
CSO CONNECTION TUNNEL
83m ATD
TUNNEL INVERT ON PROFILE
89m ATD
96m ATD
TD
A 85m ATD
m
D
95
AT
m
4
D
9
AT
m
93
AT
D
9
8
m AT
D
GEOTECHNICAL KEY
AND MADE GROUND
THAMES GROUP
LAMBETH GROUP
CHALK GROUP
LOWER AQUAFER
PEIZOMETRIC ELEVATION
M ATCHLI
NE
TU040 THAM ES W ATER RI

NG
M AI
N BATTERSEA TO BARROW
TU004 BATTERSEA
APOW ER
STATI
ON CABLE TUNNEL
TU022 BATTERSEA
BPOW ER STN.
DI
SCHARGE TUNNEL (
LEVEL TBC)
99
m
100.0m
CONTOUR
AREA OF SCOUR
HW1
TU003 BATTERSEA
BPOW ER
STATI
ON CABLE TUNNEL
BR009 GROSVENOR RAI

L BRI
DGE
BR008 CHELSEA BRI

DGE
CHELSEA TO HACKNEY LI
NE
LI
MI
TS AND LAND SUBJECT
TO CONFI
RM ATI
ON.
CT06X -RANELAGH
CONNECTI
ON TUNNEL
BR007 ALBERT BRI

DGE
m
96
AJ
INDICATIVE
WATER LEVEL
MID-LAMBETH HIATUS
100 m
400 m
SCALE 1 : 5000
90.0m
10 m
100 m
80.0m
SCALE 1 : 1000
Revision History
70.0m
Iss
Description
Dsgnr
Chkd
Appd
Date
TNEW
JHAR
13/03/2012
MAIN TUNNEL
60.0m
TNEW
on
fi
de
nt
ia
l
50.0m
30.0m
20.0m
10.0m
Thames Water Utilities

0.0m
R 600.0m
L 527.0m
L 75.0m
R 1000.0m
L 109.3m L 38.7m
L 1101.0m
R 1000.0m
L 146.0m
R 600.0m
L 398.8m
L 333.9m
L 94.6m
L 199.5m
HORIZONTAL
The Point, 7th Floor,

37 North Wharf Road,
GEOMETRY
Paddington, London W2 1AF

OS Reference:
N/A
VERTICAL
Project Group:
56.
848
Location / Town:
LONDON
Site Name:
00000 - ROUTEWIDE
12050
12000
11950
11900
11850
11800
11750
11700
11650
11600
11550
11500
11450
11400
11350
11300
11250
11200
11150
11100
11050
11000
10950
10900
10850
10800
10750
10700
10650
10600
10550
10500
10450
10400
10350
10300
10250
10200
10150
10100
10050
10000
9950
9900
9850
9800
9750
9700
9650
9600
9550
9500
9450
9400
9350
9300
9250
9200
9150
9100
9050
9000
8950
8900
8850
CHAINAGE
100
Project Name:
Drawn By:
MSTE
UBR
Sub Process:
WASTE
ra
ft
56.
912
56.
975
57.
039
57.
102
57.
165
57.
229
57.
292
57.
355
57.
419
57.
482
57.
545
57.
609
57.
672
57.
736
57.
799
57.
862
57.
926
57.
989
58.
052
58.
116
58.
179
58.
243
58.
306
58.
369
58.
433
58.
496
58.
559
58.
623
58.
686
58.
750
58.
813
58.
876
58.
940
59.
003
59.
066
59.
130
59.
193
59.
257
59.
320
59.
383
59.
447
59.
510
59.
573
59.
637
59.
700
59.
763
59.
827
59.
890
59.
954
60.
017
60.
080
60.
144
60.
207
60.
270
60.
334
60.
397
60.
461
60.
524
60.
587
60.
651
60.
714
60.
777
INVERT
60.
841
60.
904
LONDON TIDEWAY TUNNELS
PROPOSED
Security Reference:
BNG
SLOPE = -1:-789
GEOMETRY
an
d
Location Code:
50
R 1000.0m
L 140.8m
L 168.3m
100
150
AA.2 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
40.0m
THAMES TUNNEL
Contract Name:
REFERENCE DESIGN FOR PLANNING

Drawing Title:
(SCALE H 1:5000, V 1:1000)
MAIN TUNNEL PLAN AND PROFILE

GEOPHYS INFORMATION - SHEET 4 OF 9
Drawing No.:
100-DA-GEO-00000-601303
PLOTTED ON
14/03/2012
BY
Matthew.streeter
LOCATION :
C:\PW exports\100-DA-GEO-00000-601303.dgn
c Thames Water Utilities Ltd 2008
Scale:
1:5000
Sheet Size:
A1
Rev:
AA
MAIN TUNNEL PROFILE
200m m
D
95m AT
BR006 BATTERSEA BRI

DGE
100-DO-DES-00000-017423
SA1086
SA1082
86m ATD
D
AT
CT14X -LOTS ROAD

CONNECTI
ON TUNNEL
FILE NUMBER
93m ATD
110.0m
ELEVATI
ON
LTTDT
PR1085
TU039 THAM ES W ATER

BATTERSEA TO PI
M LI
CO TUNNEL
m
95
120.0m
ORIGINATOR
TREND LI
NE FAULTS
I
NFERRED
AT
D
94
m
SR5003
87m ATD
(SCALE 1:5000)
AM
ABBEY MILLS ROUTE

PROVISIONAL VERTICAL ALIGNMENT
SR1083
PLAN
100-DO-DES-00000-017402
MODEL INFORMATION :
95m ATD
D
AT
FILE NUMBER
TREND LI
NE FAULTS
A
T
D
LTTDT
SH11X -KI
RTLI
NG
STREET SHAFT
9
6
m
CH.12000.
00
TD
A
SH11X - KIRTLING
STREET SHAFT
ORIGINATOR
I
NDI
CATI
VE FAULTS
D
AT
9
4
m AT
D
F
O VE
E RI
NC S D
I
PRALE
W
M ATCHLI
NE
D
AT
THAMES TUNNEL. INCLUSION OF A SITE ON THIS DRAFT PLAN
ABBEY MILLS ROUTE

PROVISIONAL HORIZONTAL ALIGNMENT
TU003 BATTERSEA B
POWER STATION
CABLE TUNNEL
m
95
AT
D
SHORTLIST OF CONSTRUCTION SITES FOR THE PROPOSED
9
7
m AT
D
D
T
A
95
m
STAKEHOLDERS, MAY BE CONFIRMED AS BEING ON THE

92m ATD
ALL LEVELS ARE IN METRES AND RELATE TO THE TUNNEL DATUM
94m ATD
FOLLOWING DISCUSSIONS WITH LOCAL AUTHORITIES AND OTHER
BP2
D
m AT
6
9
130.0m
LIMITED. IT PROVIDES AN INDICATION OF SITES THAT,
9
6
m AT
D
m
96
m
7
9
93m ATD
EXPRESS WRITTEN PERMISSION OF THAMES WATER UTILITIES
A
T
D
TU004 BATTERSEA A
POWER STATION
CABLE TUNNEL
m
96
95m ATD
F
O
R
N
o. C
10 O
0- NT
I
D
A NU
A
G
E TI
N
O
00 N
00 SE
0- E
00 D
70 RG
93
SR2078
DISTRIBUTED OR SHOWN TO ANY THIRD PARTY WITHOUT THE
MODEL INFORMATION :
m
5
9
CH
.8
50
0.
00
ONLY. ACCORDINGLY, THE DRAFT PLAN MUST NOT BE COPIED,
9
5
m
SR2065
LOTS ROAD GENERATING

STATION SUCTION MAIN
PRODUCED FOR THE PURPOSE OF CONFIDENTIAL DISCUSSIONS
m
94
H.
11
5
00
.
00
SR2066
D
T
A
BR009
GROSVENOR
RAIL BRIDGE
CT14X - LOTS ROAD

CONNECTION TUNNEL
SR2077
RIGHT 2011. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ORDNANCE SURVEY LICENCE
THIS IS AN INDICATIVE WORKING DRAFT PLAN WHICH HAS BEEN
SR2068
BR008 CHELSEA
BRIDGE
C SR2076
H
.9
00
0.
00
ON BEHALF OF HMSO. ' CROWN COPYRIGHT AND DATABASE

NUMBER 100019345
9
5
mA
TD
94m ATD
TU040 THAMES WATER RING

MAIN BATTERSEA TO BARROW
SR1088A
PR1088
PR1090
SR2075
LOTS ROAD GENERATING

STATION SUCTION MAIN
MAPPING REPRODUCED BY PERMISSION OF ORDNANCE SURVEY
CT06X - RANELAGH
CONNECTION
TUNNEL
SR1091
BR007 ALBERT
BRIDGE
BR006 BATTERSEA
BRIDGE
SA1097
D
AT
CH.
110
00.
00
SR2070
SR2074
SA1098
TU038 THAMES WATER WESTERN PUMPING

STATION TO HEATHWALL PUMPING
STATION (CROSS THAMES TUNNEL)
D
AT
TD
mA
8
9
PR1094
CH.1050
0.
00
00
00.
.95
SH09X - CREMORNE WHARF

DEPOT DROP SHAFT
CH.1000
0.
00
CH
SR1095
m
99
TWRM
F
O
o RC
.
1
0 ON
0
-D T
A INU
-G
A
E
T
N
I
-0 O N
0
0 S
0
0 EE
-0
0 DR
7
0 G
9
5
98
m
m
0
0
1
A
TD
m
98
D
AT
98
m
m
99
D
T
mA
1
0
1
Appendices
Appendix B Calculations

24
Printed 29/03/2012
Job No.
Cast-iron bolted
Lining Assessment 215748-20
Spreadsheet
Job Title
1.0
Sheet No.
Rev.
1.0
Member/Location
Thames Tunnel - Battresea B Power Station Tunnel
Drg. Ref.
Pre- Thames Tunnel construction
Made by
LN
Date
YL
23-Mar-12 Chd.
Input Data
Materials
Young's Modulus of cast iron, Ecast iron = 112 500

Poissons ratio of cast iron, ncast iron = 0.26
Permissible compressive strength of cast iron Rp in c. =
150
Permissible tensile strength of cast iron, Rp in t=
38
Material safety factor for cast iron = 1.00
Elastic Modulus of ground, Ec=
40
Poissons ratio of ground, n= 0.20
Tunnel geometry
internal diameter, D = 2 438
overall depth of section, h =
121
internal depths for gaskets: internal, iint =
0
depth of skin, hf =
26
length of centre rib, hr =
0
overall width of section, b =
508
total width of ribs, bw =
51
Density of cast iron =
number of segments, n =
angle subtended by segment, b =
Condition factor Fc =
7 200
6
60
0.9
MPa
N/mm
N/mm
MPa
mm
mm
mm,
mm
mm
mm
mm
kg/m3
ext. dia, ED = 2 680 mm

external, iext =
mm
from: rib 1, t1 =
rib 2, t2 =
rib 3, t3 =
25
0
25
mm
mm
mm
from LU G-055
Loading
GL= 95.84 mTD
GWL = 61.02 mTD
Tunnel axis level = 85.79 mTD
3
Unit weight of soil =
20 kN/m
K = 0.7
Surface surcharge = 85.936 kPa
Partial factor on overburden = 1.2
Partial factor on surcharge = 1.2
Vertical Pressure at the Axis
Horizontal Pressure at the Axis
Factored Loads
344.323
0
344.323
241.026
241.026
Pfv=
Pfh=
344.32 kPa
241.03 kPa
Unfactored Loads
286.94 (vert. tot stress)
0
(pwp)
286.94 (vert eff. Stress)
200.85 (hor. eff. stress)
200.85 (hor. tot. stress)
Puv= 286.94 kPa

Puh= 200.85 kPa
Duddeck and Erdmann analysis

The continuum model derived by Duddeck and Erdmann is use to derive the forces and moments in the
lining. This model gives different equations for (a) full bond between the lining and the ground, and
(2) tangential slip. The type of analysis used in this spreadsheet need to be input in the box below.
If full bond is to be used type F, if not type T for tangential slip
F
Full bond has been specified
Ovalisation due to Thames Tunnel construction - from XDISP or other calculations

maximum "squat" =
0
of internal radius
\ maximum radial displacement, u2j = 0.00 mm
Bolt geometry
Diameter of bolt, Dbolt =
Length of bolt, Lbolt =
mm
mm
2
Cross sectional area, Abolt = 490.87 mm
Number of circumferential bolts =
35
Number of radial bolts =
21
Printed on:13:54 23/03/2012
25
135
Ult. Tensile, Ubolt =

Ult. Shear, Sbolt=0.4Ubolt =
342
137
N/mm
N/mm
Young's Modulus, Ebolt =

Material factor Mbolt=
Opening assessment required Y or N?
No. of bolts around the ring act in shear, Ns=
Number of rings in opening, No =
190
1.2
N
GPa
File name:TU003_pre TT.xlsx
Input data
Sheet No.
Job No.
Cast-iron bolted
Spreadsheet
Job Title
3.1
Drg. Ref.
Made by
3.1
0
Member/Location
Rev.
0
LN
Date
23-Mar-12 Chd.
YL
Duddeck and Erdmann analysis (Ie) - consider the effect of panels for lining stiffness
Input parameters:
Ground:
Lining:
Loading:
Elastic Modulus
Poisson's Ratio
Radius of Centroid
Elastic Modulus
Effective Moment of Inertia
Sectional Area
Ec=
40
n=
0.20
ro= 1.31075
E= 120656
Ie= 1.50E-05
A= 0.03547
Factored Loads
Pfv=
344.32
Pfh=
241.03
MPa
m
MPa
m4/m
E=Ecast iron/(1-ncast iron2) - Muir Wood
m2/m
Unfactored Loads
Puv= 286.94 kPa
Puh= 200.85 kPa
kPa
kPa
Theory:
The loading on the lining is calculated using the Duddeck and Erdmann analysis. These equations allow
either full bond between the lining and the ground, or tangential slip. This is selected below based on an
appreciation of the behaviour of the ground
Full bond specified
F
Duddeck and Erdmann Formulae
Full Bond
Tangential Slip
(sv-sh)R2
Maximum
bending
moment,M
4+
3-2n
E
. c
3(1+n)(3-4n) EJ
Constant radial
displacement
u0
Maximum radial
displacement
u2y
(sv-sh)R2
+
2
.
3(1+n)(3-4n)
EcR3
EJ
(sv+sh)R
2+ 2(1-n)(1-K0) EcR
(1-2n)(1+n) . EA
Average
hoop thrust
Nav
Variable
hoop thrust
Nvar
10-12n
3-4n
R3
2+
(sv-sh)R
4nEcR3/EJ
(3-4n)(12(1+n)+EcR3/EJ)
10-12n
3-4n
(sv-sh)R
+
2
.
3(1+n)(3-4n)
0.5(sv+sh)R2
(1-u)(1-K0)EcR3 + EA
(1-2u)(1+u)
Bending Moment+/M=
Average Hoop Thrust
Nav=
Variable Hoop Thrust+/- Nvar=
Constant Radial Displacement
Uo=
Max, Radial Displacement Umax=
Relative Flexibility Factor
Q2=
Design Shear(Lining/Ground)
T=
Moments and Hoop Stresses Induced in the Lining
factored maximum hoop load, Nfmax =
factored minimum hoop load, Nfmin =
unfactored maximum hoop load, Numax =
unfactored minimum hoop load, Numin =
factored maximum moment, Mfmax =
unfactored maximum moment, Mumax=
(Derived from Nav)
(sv-sh)R4/EJ
6(5-6n) +
2
E R3
. c
3-4n
(1+n)(3-4n) EJ
(sv-sh)R4/EJ
12+
3-2n
E R3
. c
(1+n)(3-4n) EJ
Results
EcR3
EJ
Factored
8.73
382.06
59.33
0.12
2.76
3.45
80.37
441
323
368
269
8.7
7.3
Unfactored
kNm/m
M=
7.28 kNm/m
kN/m
Nav= 318.60 kN/m
kN/m
Nvar=
49.44 kN/m
mm
Uo=
0.10 mm
mm
Umax=
2.30 mm
Q2=
3.45
kPa
T=
66.97 kPa
kN/m
kN/m
kN/m
kN/m
kNm/m
kNm/m
(or
(or
(or
(or
0.441
0.323
0.368
0.269
8.73
7.28
MN/m)
MN/m)
MN/m)
MN/m)
-8.73
-7.28
Duddeck and Erdmann (lining stiffness considering segments)
Printed on:13:55 23/03/2012
File name:TU003_pre TT.xlsx
Sheet No.
Job No.
Cast-iron bolted
Spreadsheet
Job Title
5.1
Drg. Ref.
Made by
5.1
0
Member/Location
Rev.
0
LN
Date
23-Mar-12 Chd.
YL
Comparison of actual loads with lining capacity: consider the effect of panels
The capacity graph from section 2.0 is reproduced here, with the loads calculated plotted on.
All loads are factored.
6.00
I=Ie
using Duddeck &

Erdmann equation to
calculate existing BM
5.00
Axial Force (MN/m)
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
-60.00
-40.00
-20.00
0.00
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
Lining forces existing condition based on Duddeck & Erdmann
Capacity vs Actual (lining stiffness considering segments)
Printed on: 13:56 23/03/2012
File: TU003_pre TT.xlsx
Job No.
Cast-iron bolted
Spreadsheet
Job Title
1.0
Sheet No.
Rev.
1.0
Member/Location
Drg. Ref.
Post- Thames Tunnel construction
Made by
LN
Date
YL
23-Mar-12 Chd.
Input Data
Materials
Young's Modulus of cast iron, Ecast iron = 112 500

Poissons ratio of cast iron, ncast iron = 0.26
Permissible compressive strength of cast iron Rp in c. =
150
Permissible tensile strength of cast iron, Rp in t=
38
Material safety factor for cast iron = 1.00
Elastic Modulus of ground, Ec=
40
Poissons ratio of ground, n= 0.20
Tunnel geometry
internal diameter, D = 2 438
overall depth of section, h =
121
internal depths for gaskets: internal, iint =
0
depth of skin, hf =
26
length of centre rib, hr =
0
overall width of section, b =
508
total width of ribs, bw =
51
Density of cast iron =
number of segments, n =
angle subtended by segment, b =
Condition factor Fc =
7 200
6
60
0.9
MPa
N/mm
N/mm
MPa
mm
mm
mm,
mm
mm
mm
mm
kg/m3
ext. dia, ED = 2 680 mm

external, iext =
mm
from: rib 1, t1 =
rib 2, t2 =
rib 3, t3 =
25
0
25
mm
mm
mm
from LU G-055
Loading
GL= 95.84 mTD
GWL = 61.02 mTD
Tunnel axis level = 85.79 mTD
3
Unit weight of soil =
20 kN/m
K = 0.7
Surface surcharge = 85.936 kPa
Partial factor on overburden = 1.2
Partial factor on surcharge = 1.2
Factored Loads
344.323
0
344.323
241.026
241.026
Pfv=
Pfh=
344.32 kPa
241.03 kPa
Unfactored Loads
286.94 (vert. tot stress)
0
(pwp)
286.94 (vert eff. Stress)
200.85 (hor. eff. stress)
200.85 (hor. tot. stress)
Puv= 286.94 kPa

Puh= 200.85 kPa
Duddeck and Erdmann analysis

The continuum model derived by Duddeck and Erdmann is use to derive the forces and moments in the
lining. This model gives different equations for (a) full bond between the lining and the ground, and
(2) tangential slip. The type of analysis used in this spreadsheet need to be input in the box below.
If full bond is to be used type F, if not type T for tangential slip
F
Full bond has been specified
Ovalisation due to Thames Tunnel construction - from XDISP or other calculations

maximum "squat" = 0.00039 of internal radius
\ maximum radial displacement, u2j = -0.48 mm
Bolt geometry
Diameter of bolt, Dbolt =
Length of bolt, Lbolt =
mm
mm
2
Cross sectional area, Abolt = 490.87 mm
35
Number of radial bolts =
21
Printed on:13:57 23/03/2012
25
135
Ult. Tensile, Ubolt =

Ult. Shear, Sbolt=0.4Ubolt =
342
137
N/mm
N/mm
Young's Modulus, Ebolt =

Material factor Mbolt=
Opening assessment required Y or N?
No. of bolts around the ring act in shear, Ns=
Number of rings in opening, No =
190
1.2
N
GPa
File name:TU003_post TT.xlsx
Input data
Sheet No.
Job No.
Cast-iron bolted
Spreadsheet
Job Title
3.1
Drg. Ref.
Made by
3.1
0
Member/Location
Rev.
0
LN
Date
23-Mar-12 Chd.
YL
Duddeck and Erdmann analysis (Ie) - consider the effect of panels for lining stiffness
Input parameters:
Ground:
Lining:
Loading:
Elastic Modulus
Poisson's Ratio
Radius of Centroid
Elastic Modulus
Effective Moment of Inertia
Sectional Area
Ec=
40
n=
0.20
ro= 1.31072
E= 120656
Ie= 1.50E-05
A= 0.03515
Factored Loads
Pfv=
344.32
Pfh=
241.03
MPa
m
MPa
m4/m
E=Ecast iron/(1-ncast iron2) - Muir Wood
m2/m
Unfactored Loads
Puv= 286.94 kPa
Puh= 200.85 kPa
kPa
kPa
Theory:
The loading on the lining is calculated using the Duddeck and Erdmann analysis. These equations allow
either full bond between the lining and the ground, or tangential slip. This is selected below based on an
appreciation of the behaviour of the ground
Full bond specified
F
Duddeck and Erdmann Formulae
Full Bond
Tangential Slip
(sv-sh)R2
Maximum
bending
moment,M
4+
3-2n
E
. c
3(1+n)(3-4n) EJ
Constant radial
displacement
u0
Maximum radial
displacement
u2y
(sv-sh)R2
+
2
.
3(1+n)(3-4n)
EcR3
EJ
(sv+sh)R
2+ 2(1-n)(1-K0) EcR
(1-2n)(1+n) . EA
Average
hoop thrust
Nav
Variable
hoop thrust
Nvar
10-12n
3-4n
R3
2+
(sv-sh)R
4nEcR3/EJ
(3-4n)(12(1+n)+EcR3/EJ)
10-12n
3-4n
(sv-sh)R
+
2
.
3(1+n)(3-4n)
0.5(sv+sh)R2
(1-u)(1-K0)EcR3 + EA
(1-2u)(1+u)
Bending Moment+/M=
Average Hoop Thrust
Nav=
Variable Hoop Thrust+/- Nvar=
Constant Radial Displacement
Uo=
Max, Radial Displacement Umax=
Relative Flexibility Factor
Q2=
Design Shear(Lining/Ground)
T=
Moments and Hoop Stresses Induced in the Lining
factored maximum hoop load, Nfmax =
factored minimum hoop load, Nfmin =
unfactored maximum hoop load, Numax =
unfactored minimum hoop load, Numin =
factored maximum moment, Mfmax =
unfactored maximum moment, Mumax=
(Derived from Nav)
(sv-sh)R4/EJ
6(5-6n) +
2
E R3
. c
3-4n
(1+n)(3-4n) EJ
(sv-sh)R4/EJ
12+
3-2n
E R3
. c
(1+n)(3-4n) EJ
Results
EcR3
EJ
Factored
8.73
382.04
59.33
0.12
2.76
3.45
80.37
441
323
368
269
8.7
7.3
Unfactored
kNm/m
M=
7.28 kNm/m
kN/m
Nav= 318.58 kN/m
kN/m
Nvar=
49.44 kN/m
mm
Uo=
0.10 mm
mm
Umax=
2.30 mm
Q2=
3.45
kPa
T=
66.97 kPa
kN/m
kN/m
kN/m
kN/m
kNm/m
kNm/m
(or
(or
(or
(or
0.441
0.323
0.368
0.269
8.73
7.28
MN/m)
MN/m)
MN/m)
MN/m)
-8.73
-7.28
Duddeck and Erdmann (lining stiffness considering segments)
Printed on:13:59 23/03/2012
File name:TU003_post TT.xlsx
Sheet No.
Job No.
Cast-iron bolted
Spreadsheet
Job Title
Rev.
4.2
0
Member/Location
Drg. Ref.
LN
23-Mar-12 Chd.
Date
The drawings below show the typical deflected shapes and the envelopes of shear force and bending
moment:
U0
Typical displacements for Pv>Ph, Ko<1
Made by
YL
Umax
Umax
Variable
displacement
U0
Constant
displacement
Deflected shape
Maximum
bending
moments
Hoop Thrusts and Bending Moment envelopes for Pv>Ph, Ko<1
Maximum hoop
thrust
4.2
Moments due to radial displacement (0% ovalisation) plus distortion from TT

H.D. Morgan has shown ["A contribution to the analysis of stress in a circular tunnel" Gotechnique 11,
pages 37-46, 1961] that, from consideration of the change in curvature around the tunnel, the maximum
bending moment due to working loads, Momax, induced by a "squat" of umax (change in interal radius)
Momax = 3.umax.E.I / r
is given by:
where r = internal radius
This moment Momax., combined with Nu, should fall within the interaction diagram for the lining selected
Existing ovalisation combined with TT volume loss distortion
Maximum radial displacement, umax, is
-0.48 mm from page 2 ('Input data' tab)
i.e. Momax = -1.52 kNm/m (I=Ie)
This will be plotted on the interaction diagram against the factored maximum hoop load, 0.441 MN/m
and the factored minimum hoop load,
0.323 MN/m
Distortion - existing ovalisation + TT
Printed on@13:58 23/03/2012
File name: TU003_post TT.xlsx
Sheet No.
Job No.
Cast-iron bolted
Spreadsheet
Job Title
5.1
Drg. Ref.
Made by
5.1
0
Member/Location
Rev.
0
LN
Date
23-Mar-12 Chd.
YL
Comparison of actual loads with lining capacity: consider the effect of panels
The capacity graph from section 2.0 is reproduced here, with the loads calculated plotted on.
All loads are factored.
5.00
I=Ie
4.50
using Duddeck &

Erdmann equation to
calculate existing BM
4.00
Axial Force (MN/m)
3.50
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
-60.00
-40.00
-20.00
0.00
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00

Lining forces existing condition based on Duddeck & Erdmann
Lining forces including distortion due to TT construction
Capacity vs Actual (lining stiffness considering segments)
Printed on: 13:58 23/03/2012
File: TU003_post TT.xlsx
Cast-iron bolted
Lining Assessment
Spreadsheet
Job Title
6.0
Sheet No.
Job No.
215748-20
Drg. Ref.
Made by
6.0
0
Member/Location
Rev.
0
LN
Date
23-Mar-12 Chd.
YL
Longitudinal curvature
CHECK 1
Assume the tunnel is a continuous flexible tube, the extreme fibre stress and strain of a tunnel section can be
calculated as follows:
s = M yextreme / I
yextreme = dist. between neutral axis and extreme fibre 1875.8 mm
e = M yextreme / E I
I = Second moment of area of tunnel section
Three modes of tensile strain are considered:
a) The strain assuming the lining only deforms and reaches its permissible stress.
b) The strain assuming the lining deforms based on the limiting stress caused by the bolt reaching its allowable
stress
c) The required bolt stress at the imposed radius of curvature assuming that both the lining and bolt deform
The radius of curvature, R', can be calculated as:
R' = EI /M
R' limiting = E yextreme / spermissible
Lining spermissible =
34 N/mm2
a) assume lining failure only, y extreme = external radius of the tunnel

e lining, limiting = spermissible/E = 2.83E-04
where E= 120656 MPa
R' limiting = r/ e lining, limiting=
4727 m (for information)
(for lining)
b) assume strain of lining at bolt allowable stress, yextreme = external radius of the tunnel
2
assume working bolt stress sbolt=
85.5 N/mm (= Ult ten./4 (BCIRA))
Cross-section area of bolt = 490.874 mm2
Maximum force per bolt =
41.97 kN
Skin area = 213868 mm2
35
Skin area per bolt = 6110.5 mm2
Stress on the lining from a single bolt (at the bolts allowable stress) = 6.8684 N/mm2
From above
e lining, limiting = slimited by bolt stress/E = 5.69E-05
where E= 120656 MPa
(for lining)
R' limiting = r/ e lining, limiting= 23537 m (for information)
c) consider the strain along the extreme fibre bolt and lining and calculate required bolt stress
using etotal = elining + ebolt * Lbolt / Llining and yextreme =
1875.8 mm
where lining = lining strain at limiting allowable bolt stress
bolt = bolt strain at limiting allowable bolt stress
Lbolt = length of bolt under tension
assume
0.07 m, between the nut and head of bolt
Llining = circumferential width of tunnel segment =
0.508 m
imposed radius of curvature = 17500 m
etotal = 0.0001
Ebolt =
190 GPa
Elining =
121 GPa
Manual input
Required bolt stress = 77.056 N/mm

2
Imposed lining stress =
6.19 N/mm
CHECK 2
calculate the size of gap if the circumferential bolts are not considered (i.e. missing or loosen bolts)
gap = b * Rimposed / (Rimposed - ED) - b
= 0.0778 mm
Diameter of
the tunnel
gap
2 panels
width
R imposed
Longitudinal - Radius of curvature
Printed on: 13:59 23/03/2012
File: TU003_post TT.xlsx
Appendices
Appendix C - Risk Register

25
Printed 29/03/2012
Hazard Risk Register

Register reference
Project
Thames Tunnel Detailed Assessment package 2c
Job number
Package/Topic
TU003 Battersea B Power Station Cable Tunnel
Design stage
215748-20
Remember: Avoid Reduce Control and communicate relevant information to others (CDM Regulation 11)
Date
(+ initials)
23/03/12
Area/Location of Risk
Exposure
Description of Hazard and

Risk Exposure
Mitigation of Risk
(Potential or Achieved)
Thames Tunnel
(TT) excavation
below Battersea B
Power Station
Cable Tunnel
Unidentified geological
anomalies may cause
higher volume loss during
excavation than
anticipated and the risk of
ground movement at the
above discharge tunnel
increases.
The London Clay strata is

more permeable than
anticipated and water
ingress could occur
through the gap which
may open up between
segments.
The assumed lining
thickness is incorrect and
the structural capacity is
23/03/12
Thames Tunnel
(TT) excavation
below Battersea B
Power Station
Cable Tunnel
23/03/12
Battersea B Power
Station Cable
Tunnel Lining
Status
A
Further Action
Active/closed
TT has carried
out a desk study
to identify
geological
anomalies.
Arup has
reviewed
existing borehole
data to confirm
strata at TT face
and TT/UKPN
interface.
TT is planning to drill a
number of additional deep
and high level boreholes
in this area.
Boreholes at
tunnel interface
to identify sand
lenses in the
London Clay
strata.
TT is planning to drill a
number of additional deep
and high level boreholes
in this area.
Use archive
drawings for the
assessment.
by
\\GLOBAL.ARUP.COM\LONDON\G_E\JOBS\200000\215748-00\50_DESIGN_ANALYSIS\PACKAGE 2C\TU003\DETAILED ASSESSMENT\APPENDIX C\HAZARD RISK REGISTER_TU003.DOCX
Arup | F18.2a | Rel 14.2 23 March 2012
Page 1 of 5

Register reference
Project
Job number
Package/Topic
Design stage
215748-20
Date
(+ initials)
23/03/12
23/03/12
Exposure
Battersea B Power
Station Cable
Tunnel Lining
Battersea B Power
Station Cable
Tunnel Lining

Risk Exposure
Mitigation of Risk
overestimated.
The assumed cast iron

strength is incorrect and
the structural capacity is
overestimated. The
induced impact on the TS
tunnel may exceed the
lining capacity.
The assumed Youngs

modulus for cast iron is
incorrect and the structural
capacity is overestimated.
Adopt
conservative
thickness for the
detailed
assessment.
Use conservative
cast iron strength
parameters.
Use London
Underground
recommended
parameters for
the assessment.
Use London
Underground
recommended
parameters for a
conservative
Youngs
Modulus.
Status
A
Further Action
by
Active/closed
Arup | F18.2a | Rel 14.2 14 February 2011
Page 2 of 5

Register reference
Project
Job number
Package/Topic
Design stage
215748-20
Date
Exposure

Risk Exposure
Mitigation of Risk
23/03/12
Battersea B Power
Station Cable
Tunnel Bolts
The existing tensile forces

in the circumferential
bolts are not known. If
there is significant preexisting force in the bolt,
then small increments of
tensile stress caused by
ground movement may
potentially caused the bolt
or flange to break.
23/03/12
Battersea B Power
Station Cable
Tunnel Bolts
For assessing the

longitudinal distortion,
only initial screening
assessments have been
carried out. These use of
an index parameter
(radius of curvature) to
(+ initials)
Case studies
referenced in the
report highlight
several instances
where cast iron
tunnels have
been subjected to
larger distortions
and no damage
has been noted.
There is no
reason to believe
that significant
torque was
applied to bolts
when fastened.
The effects on the
circumferential
bolts indicate that
the stresses do
not result in a
FOS of less than
1.
Status
A
Further Action
by
Active/closed
Page 3 of 5

Register reference
Project
Job number
Package/Topic
Design stage
215748-20
Date
(+ initials)
Exposure

Risk Exposure
Mitigation of Risk
appraise the effect of

longitudinal distortion and
effects on the
circumferential bolts and
skin has been used. No
check on stresses on the
flanges or account for
longitudinal axial stresses
has been accounted for in
the assessment.
Comparisons with
other case studies
indicate that greater
levels of distortion
have resulted in no
appreciable impact
on cast iron tunnels.
It is also likely that
the vertical
movements result in
a combination of
both bending and
shearing. The initial
check using an initial
index parameter
such as the radius of
curvature is
considered to be a
reasonable approach
for an initial
assessment,
thereafter,
consideration of
other modes of
Status
A
Further Action
by
Active/closed
Page 4 of 5

Register reference
Project
Job number
Package/Topic
Design stage
215748-20
Date
(+ initials)
Exposure

Risk Exposure
Mitigation of Risk
Status
A
Further Action
by
Active/closed
deformation should
be considered in
greater detail.
Page 5 of 5
Appendices
Appendix D Inspection Report

26
Printed 29/03/2012
307-RI-TPI-TU003-000001| AA| 21 March 2012
UKPN Battersea B
Power Station Cable
Tunnel
Inspection report
Table of contents
Page number
1
Executive summary......................................................................................................... 3
Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 4
Tunnel construction ........................................................................................................ 5
Tunnel inspection ............................................................................................................ 6
4.1
Scope of inspection ............................................................................................... 6
4.2
Access and limitations .......................................................................................... 7
Observations .................................................................................................................... 8
5.1
General condition .................................................................................................. 8
5.2
Tunnel geometry ................................................................................................... 8
Appendices ................................................................................................................................ 9
Appendix D1 Figures .......................................................................................................
Appendix D2 - Ring observations ......................................................................................
Appendix D3 Photographs ...............................................................................................
Inspection Report for UKPN Battersea B

Printed 22/03/2012
List of tables
Page number
Table 1 - Inspection team ........................................................................................................... 6
Table 2 - Tunnel geometry ......................................................................................................... 8

ii
Printed 22/03/2012
UKPN Battersea B Power Station cable Tunnel
Executive summary
Thames Water is currently progressing with its planned Tideway improvements. The
improvement works consists of the construction of two new tunnels, the Thames Tunnel and
the Lee Tunnel, together with a programme of sewer upgrades. Construction of the proposed
Thames Tunnel (TT), an 8.1m 8.8m excavated diameter tunnel, stretching approximately
23km for much of its route under the River Thames from West London to Abbey Mills is due
to commence in 2016.
The proposed interface between the Thames Tunnel and the UKPN Battersea B cable tunnel
is located in the middle of the River Thames by Battersea Power Station, in the borough of
Wandsworth. The Thames Tunnel main tunnel will be constructed with a clear distance of
approximately 18.5m between the two tunnels.
To date, an interim detailed assessment report has been prepared to assess the likely impact on
the Battersea B cable tunnel due to the construction of the Thames Tunnel works. The interim
report is based on a number of assumptions regarding the tunnel lining geometry and tunnel
condition. In order to confirm these assumptions and to record the condition of the tunnel, a
visual inspection of the cable tunnel was undertaken on Thursday 15th March 2012.
The inspections indicate that the cast iron segments are in a good condition. Segments are
bolted and one part of the rings has a key segment while the other part does not have a key
segment. There are signs of condensation on the segments; however, there are limited signs
of active seepage. The segments and bolts do show a slight degree of corrosion but it is
considered that the corrosion is superficial with no significant impact on the structural
capacity.

Printed 22/03/2012
Introduction
The Battersea B cable tunnel runs from Battersea Power Station on the south embankment to
a shaft located at located on Chelsea Bridge Road on the north embankment. The interface is
between the Thames Tunnel and the cable tunnel is in the middle of the River Thames. The
UKPN tunnel is located approximately 8.5m below river bed level and the clear distance to
the Thames Tunnel connection tunnel is approximately 18.5m.
The Battersea B cable tunnel is owned by UKPN and is used for carrying communications
cables cables beneath the River Thames. There are currently only a small number of cables in
the tunnel and it is unclear whether UKPN will install more cables in the future.
As part of the assessment of the Battersea B cable tunnel, a visual inspection has been
undertaken to confirm assumptions made in the detailed analysis and to record the general
condition of the tunnel lining. The tunnel inspection was limited to a zone, extending
approximately 60m on either side of the Thames Tunnel interface. This zone represents the
length of the Battersea B cable tunnel which is subject to ground movement greater than
1mm; see Sketch 1 in Appendix D1.

Printed 22/03/2012
Tunnel construction
The Battersea B cable tunnel was constructed after the end of the Second World War, when
construction began on the second phase of the power station, the B station. The station came
into operation gradually between 1953 and 1955, and it is believed that the tunnel was
completed no later than 1955.
The tunnel consists of bolted cast iron segments. Some of the rings are composed of 7
segments and 1 key segment while some rings did not have a key segment.

Printed 22/03/2012
Tunnel inspection
The inspection of the Battersea B cable tunnel was carried out on Thursday 15th March 2012
between 8.00am and 2.00pm. The inspection team consisted of Arup Tunnel Engineers and
personnel from ABA Engineering Limited. ABA Engineering Ltd was appointed by UKPN to
assist and manage the confined space procedures.
Table 1 - Inspection team
Name
Company
Role
Linn Nordstrom
Arup
Tunnel Inspector
Yung Loo
Arup
Tunnel Inspector
5x ABA Engineering Ltd

Personnel
ABA Engineering
Ltd
2x Tunnel escort,
top man and
rescue team
A method statement had been prepared for the tunnel entry protocol and safety, and this was
fully complied with by all parties.
The weather on the morning of the inspection was foggy flowed by sunshine. It had been a
clear night and there had been limited rain fall in the days prior to the inspection.
The inspection was undertaken from a north to south direction along the tunnel. However, the
inspection team only used the south shaft located at Battersea Power Station, for access and
egress.
4.1
Scope of inspection
The scope of the inspection was to undertake a visual observation of the tunnel lining to
confirm the lining geometry and to determine the presence of any signs of distress or damage
that may compromise the structural capacity of the tunnel. Such features include but are not
limited to: cracking of tunnel segments; corrosion of tunnel segments; water ingress; and
birdsmouthing of segments.
The visual inspection consisted of a walkthrough with notes and photographs taken where
necessary to flag up any potential areas of concern.
It should be noted that the inspection was not intended to be a full structural survey or an
intrusive investigation. The following information was recorded as a minimum:
Tunnel details including;
Location
Lining Type
Tunnel Lining
Segment and key position
Segment dimensions

Printed 22/03/2012
Identify defects, major (cracked segments) and minor (seepage and corrosion)
Lipping / stepping
Evidence of previous repairs including bolt loosening or removal.
4.2
Access and limitations
It should be noted that the visual inspection did not include the shafts. The area of inspection
was limited to:
Approximately 240 rings of cast iron lining centred on the interface with the Thames
Tunnel works.
As discussed in Section 3, the tunnel contains only a limited number of communication

cables. The visibility of the right hand side axis and shoulder was obstructed by brackets and
cable trays and could not be fully inspected. This was also the case for the invert which had
been infilled.

Printed 22/03/2012
Observations
The findings of the inspections are summarised below. Recorded observations for each ring
are included in Appendix D2 whilst Appendix D3 contains photographs of some of the
defects observed.
5.1
General condition
The survey started approximately 215m northwest along the UKPN cable tunnel from the
shaft at Battersea Power Station. The tunnel was inspected back towards this shaft in a southeasterly direction. The location of the first ring was 22m north of the signage board
indicating: 193m to the shaft at the Power Station. It should be noted that the tunnel was
naturally ventilated during the inspection.
The cast iron segments were generally in a good condition. There was very little sign of active
seepage and the invert was dry, however there were little droplets on the segments due to
condensation. There were also a large number of stalactites in varying sizes throughout the
tunnel which may indicate that more water has been present over the years. Physical damage
to segments, such as cracking was not encountered.
The configuration of the rings varied over the length of the inspection. The first 77 rings had a
key segment while the rest did not. In addition, the first 159 rings did not have any caulking
or grout in the circumferential joint but this did not seem to impact on water ingress.
A description of observations is presented in Appendix D2. Photographs of observations are
presented in Appendix D3.
5.2
Tunnel geometry
The following measurements and observations in regards to the tunnel geometry were made
during the inspection.
Table 2 - Tunnel geometry
Parameter
Value
Ring 1-77: 7 (6 + 1Key)
Ring 78 - to the shaft: 7 segments
Bolted cast iron
508mm
2438.4mm (8ft)
5
3
24-25mm
130-135mm
95mm
28mm
No segments
Segment type
Segment width
Internal Diameter
Bolts per circumferential joint
Bolts per radial joints
Bolt diameter
Bolt Length
Depth of flange
Thickness of flange

Printed 22/03/2012
Appendices
Appendices

Printed 21/03/2012
Appendices
Appendix D1 Figures

Printed 21/03/2012
* THE EXCAVATED TUNNEL DIAMETER

ADOPTED IN THE GROUND MOVEMENT
ASSESSMENT IS 8.8M.
APPROXIMATELY 120m OF TUNNEL TO BE INSPECTED
NOTE:
1. VERTICAL SETTLEMENT IS SHOWN
EXAGGERATED BY A FACTOR OF 500.
2. DO NOT SCALE FROM DRAWING
87.29
84.29
TUNNEL CURVE KEY:
34.81
17.8mm
TUNNEL SETTLEMENT CURVE 1% VL
BATTERSEA B POWER
(3.0M ID)
ID
GEOTECHNICAL KEY:
AND MADE GROUND
LONDON CLAY
FORMATION
LAMBETH GROUP
CHALK GROUP
0m
LONGITUDINAL SECTION THAMES TUNNEL AT BATTERSEA B POWER STATION CABLE TUNNEL (TU003)
10m
20m
40m
UKPN BATTERSEA B POWER

GREENFIELD GROUND
SETTLEMENT 1.0% VL
307-SK2-TPI-TU003-810000-AB
DATE ISSUED: 21.03.2012
Appendices
Appendix D2 - Ring observations

Printed 21/03/2012
Arup
Job No. 215748
Sheet 1/5
Notes
Photo 2 taken of caulking between segment joints.
Caulking at radial joints only.
Photo
UKPN TU003 Tunnel

Condition survey results
TU003 (UKPN Battersea B)

Legend:
1 = cracking
2 = evidence of water ingress
4 = calcite buildup
5 = staining
7 = Stalactite
8 = displacement of segment
10 = open joints
11 = seepage at joints
13 = damage of lifting socket/grout 14 = corrosion
Date:
Surveyor:
15th March 2012

LN/YL
Ring Number
LK
LA
LS
RS
RA
3 = active Seepage
6 = damage at bolt hole
9 = missing caulking
12 = seepage at bolt holes
15 = missing/loose Bolt
RK
1,2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
Signs of cacite around bolts. This is the same for

most segments
4
4
4
4
3
4
calcite at LK lifting socket

7
Ring marked 450
4
7
2/4
7
7
7
2/4
2/4
4/7
7
7
7
Photo taken to the north
Dripping (slow)
4
4
4
4/7
7
7
4
4/7
7
3/7
4/7
7
4/7
4
7
7
2*
7
4
4
3/7
7
7
7
Exit sign: 525m to embankement; 193m to shaft

*standing water
stalactite around lifting socket
4
7
4
4
4
4
Corrosion more noticeable along RS (ring 48-61)
Arup
Job No. 215748
Sheet 2/5
UKPN TU003 Tunnel


Legend:
1 = cracking
4 = calcite buildup
5 = staining
7 = Stalactite
10 = open joints
Date:
Surveyor:
15th March 2012

LN/YL
Ring Number
59
LK
LA
LS
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
RS
7
4/7
4
RA
3 = active Seepage
RK
Notes
Photo taken to the north. Ring marked 400.
Photo
7
Exit sign G: ( 541m & 318m)

4/7
NO KEY segment from now on
calcite around lifting socket
4
7
corrosion is visible along the invert
7
7
7
4
15
9
10
Ring marked 350
Arup
Job No. 215748
Sheet 3/5
UKPN TU003 Tunnel


Legend:
1 = cracking
4 = calcite buildup
5 = staining
7 = Stalactite
10 = open joints
Date:
Surveyor:
15th March 2012

LN/YL
Ring Number
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
LK
LA
LS
RS
3/4/7
3/4/7
Notes
Dripping (slow)
Photo
12
4
Step at left shoulder/axis joint between ring 128/129
13
4
4/7
4
4
14
Exit sign: 575m to embankement; 143m to shaft
4
4
15
4
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
RK
11
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
RA
3 = active Seepage
Ring marked 300. Caulking visible at both radial

and circumferential joints.
16
Increase of corrosion at flanges (Ring 164-168)
17
* Missing lifting socket plug
*
4
7
4/7
4
* Missing lifting socket plug. Exit sign: (591m; 268m)
7
4/7
Key segment corroded

step in segment
7
7
7
7
18
Arup
Job No. 215748
Sheet 4/5
UKPN TU003 Tunnel


Legend:
1 = cracking
4 = calcite buildup
5 = staining
7 = Stalactite
10 = open joints
Date:
Surveyor:
15th March 2012

LN/YL
Ring Number
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
LS
7
7
K
7
7
4
4
7
7
3/7
7
3/7
3/7
3/7
3/7
3/7
7
7
RS
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
186
3/7
3/7
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
3/7
3/7
3/7
3/7
3/7
3/7
3/7
3/7
3/7
4/7
4/7
4/7
4/7
4/7
3/7
3/7
3/7
3/7
3/7
3/7
3/7
3/7
3/7
4/7
4/7
4/7
4/7
4/7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
4/7
4/7
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
LK
LA
4
RA
3 = active Seepage
RK
Notes

Photo taken of stalactities along the LH shoulder
Photo
19
20
Dripping at stalactities
corrosion visible at rings, signs of calcitie buildup in
invert from dripping water
21
4/7
Rings show less stalactities and a bit more
rust/corrosion
Ring marked 250
3/7
Dripping (slow)
22
Arup
Job No. 215748
Sheet 5/5
UKPN TU003 Tunnel


Legend:
1 = cracking
4 = calcite buildup
5 = staining
7 = Stalactite
10 = open joints
Date:
Surveyor:
15th March 2012

LN/YL
Ring Number
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
LK
LA
LS
7
7
7
7
RS
RA
3 = active Seepage
RK
Notes
Photo
23
Appendices
Appendix D3 Photographs

Printed 21/03/2012
Photo 1 Start of survey at ring 1. Photo is taken to the north.
Photo 2 No caulking/grout at circumferential joint at Ring 1 to Ring 159.
Photo 3 Calcite build-up around bolts at LH axis at Ring 5
Photo 4 Stalactities at crown at Ring 16
Photo 5 Photo taken to the north at Ring 20
Photo 6 - Photo taken to the north at Ring 40
Photo 10 Missing bolt at key segement at Ring 102
Photo 12 Dripping at let shoulder of Ring 123
Photo 13 Step between axis joints at Ring 128/129
Photo 15 Caulking visible at circumferentil joints from Ring 160
Photo 17 Segments show more corrosion from Ring 164
Photo 18 step at axis join between Ring 171/172
Photo 20 Stalactites visible along the left hand shoulder starting at Ring 181
Photo 21 Photo taken to the north at Ring 200
Photo 24 Typical segment (5 circumferential bolts, 3 radial bolts)
Copyright notice
Copyright notice
Copyright Thames Water Utilities Limited September 2013.

All rights reserved.
Copyright Thames Water Utilities Limited September 2013.

All rights reserved.
Any plans, drawings, designs and materials (materials) submitted

by Thames Water Utilities Limited (Thames Water) as part of this
application for Development Consent to the Planning Inspectorate
are protected by copyright. You may only use this material
(including making copies of it) in order to (a) inspect those plans,
drawings, designs and materials at a more convenient time or
place; or (b) to facilitate the exercise of a right to participate in the
pre-examination or examination stages of the application which
is available under the Planning Act 2008 and related regulations.
Use for any other purpose is prohibited and further copies must
not be made without the prior written consent of Thames Water.
Any plans, drawings, designs and materials (materials) submitted

by Thames Water Utilities Limited (Thames Water) as part of this
application for Development Consent to the Planning Inspectorate
are protected by copyright. You may only use this material
(including making copies of it) in order to (a) inspect those plans,
drawings, designs and materials at a more convenient time or
place; or (b) to facilitate the exercise of a right to participate in the
pre-examination or examination stages of the application which
is available under the Planning Act 2008 and related regulations.
Use for any other purpose is prohibited and further copies must
not be made without the prior written consent of Thames Water.

Clearwater Court, Vastern Road, Reading RG1 8DB

Clearwater Court, Vastern Road, Reading RG1 8DB
The Thames Water logo and Thames Tideway Tunnel logo

are Thames Water Utilities Limited. All rights reserved.
The Thames Water logo and Thames Tideway Tunnel logo

are Thames Water Utilities Limited. All rights reserved.
10243-A4P-Copyright-imp-V01.pdf
p1 12:03:39 September 21, 2013
Photo 25 Typical key (1 circumferential bolt, 3 radial bolts)

Tunnel and Bridge Assessments

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Tunnel and Bridge Assessments

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Thames Tideway Tunnel

Thames Water Utilities Limited

Application for Development Consent

Tunnel and Bridge Assessments

Battersea B Power Station Cable Tunnel

Battersea B Power Station Cable Tunnel

Site Description ..................................................................................................... 4

Structure Details ............................................................................................................. 6

Asset Details ......................................................................................................... 6

Asset Condition ..................................................................................................... 6

Thames Tunnel Details ......................................................................................... 7

Material Properties ......................................................................................................... 8

Lining Details ........................................................................................................ 8

Ground Conditions ................................................................................................ 8

Assessment Criteria ...................................................................................................... 10

Ground Movement Assessments......................................................................... 10

Analytical method ............................................................................................... 10

Assessment assumptions ..................................................................................... 10

Ground movement estimates for structural assessment ...................................... 11

Structural Assessment .................................................................................................. 14

Cast iron lining details ........................................................................................ 14

Analytical method ............................................................................................... 14

Detailed Assessment of Ground

Table 1: Asset information ......................................................................................................... 6

Detailed Assessment of Ground

UKPN Battersea B Power Station Cable Tunnel

Detailed Assessment of Ground

UKPN Battersea B Power Station Cable Tunnel

Detailed Assessment of Ground

UKPN Battersea B Power Station Cable Tunnel

Detailed Assessment of Ground

UKPN Battersea B Power Station Cable Tunnel

Table 1: Asset information

Detailed Assessment of Ground

UKPN Battersea B Power Station Cable Tunnel

Thames Tunnel Details

Thames Tunnel main tunnel

Detailed Assessment of Ground

UKPN Battersea B Power Station Cable Tunnel

Detailed Assessment of Ground

UKPN Battersea B Power Station Cable Tunnel

approximate level (mATD)

UKPN Battersea B Power Station Cable Tunnel

Ground Movement Assessments

Trough width parameter (K) at ground

Detailed Assessment of Ground

UKPN Battersea B Power Station Cable Tunnel

Ground movement estimates for structural assessment

Offset from TT centreline [m]

Sub-surface displacement [mm]

Figure 3: Tunnel crown and invert vertical movement

Maximum tunnel squat/elongation in the transverse direction; and

Maximum tunnel squat/elongation

Detailed Assessment of Ground

UKPN Battersea B Power Station Cable Tunnel

Table 5: Calculated distortion

Maximum vertical displacement

The effect of elongation/squat is a potential change in bending moment of the segmental

Tunnel imposed radius of curvature

Figure 4: Imposed incremental radius of curvature

Detailed Assessment of Ground

UKPN Battersea B Power Station Cable Tunnel

Minimum imposed radius of curvature, Rimposed due to vertical movement

Detailed Assessment of Ground