Philippine Normal University-ITL

National Center for Teacher Education

LESSON PLAN IN SCIENCE 9

FINAL DEMONSTRATION
TEACHING
November 3, 2014

Hydrocarbons

Anna Reynaline D. Mina

IV-10 BSE Chemistry
Student Teacher

I. Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
1.) identify the different classes of hydrocarbons according to their structures
2.) differentiate saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons
3.) name carbon chains and write chemical structures
II. Learning Task
A. Subject Matter: Organic Compounds and its framework: Hydrocarbons
B. Materials: Visual Aids, Activity Sheets
C. References:
Science & Technology 9
Chemistry, Tenth Edition, Raymond Chang
III. Learning Objectives
Teachers Activities
A. Daily Routine
Lets pray first. (Name of Student),
please lead the prayer.

Students Activities

Student 1: Let us pray. In the name of

the FatherAmen
Amen

All: Amen

Good Morning Class!

Good Morning Ms. Mina. Its nice to
see you.
Its nice to see you too. Say Good
Morning to our visitors.
Good Morning visitors, Mabuhay! Its
nice to see you.
You may now take your seats.
Class secretary, please check the
attendance.
Secretary:
Maam, only one is absent today.
Okay. Thank you.
B. Review/Recall
Last meeting we discussed about
Carbon and what makes it unique.
What are those three important
characteristics of carbon that enable it to
form so many stable carbon
compounds?
(Students raises their hands)

(Name of Student), give one.

Student 2: Carbon has the ability to
form story bonds with other carbon
atoms to form chains.
Okay, correct. Another (Name of
Student)
Student 3: A carbon atom can form a
single, a double or a triple bond with
another carbon atom.
Right. And last one, (Name of Student).
Student 4: A carbon atom can form a
double or a triple bond with a non
metallic atom.
Correct. And what is catenation again
class?
Student 5: It permits carbon atoms to
form over millions of natural and
synthetic carbon compounds.
C. Motivation
I want you to gather with your group
mates. Groups are according to the color
of your nametags.
This game is called Word Guess
I will hold each flashcard one by one and
try to guess what word it is. When youve
learned the trick, it will be faster for you
to guess. Raise your hands when you
answer. The group with the highest
number of words guessed will receive a
prize.

(Each group discusses what to do)

Ready?
Yes, Maam.
1.) BMLBOFT
2.) DBSCPO
3.) NFUIBOF
4.) CFOAFOF
5.) TBUVSBUFE
6.) EPVCMF
7.) JTPNFSJTN
8.) BMLZM
Group (Group number who wins) heres
your prize.

Thank you, Maam.

D. Lesson Proper
Carbon Compounds are also called
organic compounds. Hydrocarbons are
the framework of all organic compounds.
They are compounds made up of
hydrogen and carbon. On the main basis
of structure. Hydrocarbons are divided
into two main classes, Aliphatic and
Aromatic.
Aliphatic hydrocarbons have straight,
branched, or cyclic (ring) chains.
Those with single bonds and thus with
maximum number of hydrocarbon atoms
are Aliphatic Saturated Hydrocarbons.
Hydrocarbons with double or triple bonds
are Aliphatic Unsaturated Hydrocarbons.
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons are divided into
alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and
cycloalkanes.
While Aromatic Hydrocarbons are those
hydrocarbons with benzene rings. These
rings are cyclic chains with six carbon
atoms that form into hexagons.
Now, lets discuss about Aliphatic
Saturated Hydrocarbons.
Alkanes are aliphatic saturated
hydrocarbons. They have the general
formula CnH2n+2, where n, which
represents the number of carbon atoms,
is equal to 1, 2, 3, Alkanes may have
straight or branched chains. Well
discuss those two later as we go on with
our discussion.
Methane (CH4), is the first member of
the alkanes. The next member of this
series is ethane (C2H6), followed by
propane (C3H8) and then butane (C4H10).
Straight-chain alkanes can be built out of
any number of carbon atoms by tacking
carbon atoms together in a straight chain

and sufficiently adding hydrogen atoms

to satisfy the four bonds surrounding
each carbon atom.
In naming straight-chain alkanes, we
follow a pattern. Their names have two
parts: a prefix that shows the number of
carbon atoms and the suffix ane, which
indicates that the hydrocarbon is
saturated. The prefixes are meth, eth,
prop, but, pent, hex, hept, oct, non and
so on. For example propane (C3H8) has
three carbon atoms. Its prefix is propand its suffix ane. Thus C3H8 has the
name prop + ane = propane.
Naming branched-chain alkanes is
through considering them as straightchain alkanes with attached side groups.
For example, consider the following
branched-chain alkane:
4

CH3-CH2- CH2- CH3

butane (parent chain)

CH3

methyl (side group)

The longest carbon chain or parent chain

of the sample alkane had four C atoms.
The parent chain is thus regarded as
butane.
It has CH3 attached as the side group
to the second C atom. The side group
CH3 is methyl, which is just methane with
one H atom removed. It is therefore
called 2-methylbutane.
A side group composed of single-bonded
carbon and hygrogen atoms is called an
alkyl group and is represented by the
letter R.
There are rules to consider in naming a
branched-chain alkane.
First look for the parent chain in the

structure. Remember that a parent chain

has the longest carbon chain. Find the
side group attached to the parent chain.
Name the parent chain and the side
group.
Number the carbon atoms in the parent
chain, starting from the one nearest to
the carbon where the side group is
attached.
Cycloalkanes are Aliphatic Saturated
Hydrocarbons with rings. The general
formula of cycloalkanes CnH2n. They
behave similarly to straight-chain
alkanes except for the use of the prefix
cyclo-.
Cycloalkanes experience angular strain
on the C-C bonds. So, cycloalkanes are
unstable, reactive and easily open up to
straight-chain hydrocarbons. The
stability of cycloalkanes increases as
the number of carbon atoms increases.
Cyclopropane with three carbon atoms is
the least stable cycloalkane.
Now, lets move on to the Aliphatic
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons, the Alkenes
and Alkynes. Alkenes are aliphatic
hydrocarbons with one or more double
bonds between carbon atoms. They are
represented by the formula CnH2n.
Alkynes, on the other hand, are aliphatic
hydrocarbons with triple bonds between
carbon atoms. They are represented by
the genral formula CnH2n-2. The simplest
alkyne is ethyne, commonly known as
acetylene. Its structure is CH
CH.
Alkenes and Alkynes are named using
the general rules for alkanes but using
the suffixes ene and yne insteas of
ane. And also, a number is used to
indicate the position of the double bond
and triple bond in the molecule.

For example, CH3CH=CHCH3 is named

2-butene. The double bond is in between
Carbon 2 and Carbon 3, but 2 is used for
the name because it is lower.
Now, before we proceed to the Aromatic
hydrocarbons, lets have an activity
about what we have discussed.
Gather with your groupmates, and
leaders will come and get your materials.
Well have a short quiz bee.
I have Eight Questions and you will be
given 30 seconds to answer each
question. Ill repeat the question only
once so listen carefully. You can only
start answering when I say go. The
group with the highest score will be
given additional points on the quiz.
Okay, are you ready?
1. Draw the structure of the alkene that
contains 6 carbons and has a double
bond between carbon 3 and 4.
Go.
Times up. Raise your boards. The
answer is

2. Name the alkene from question

number 1. Number your chain first.
Go.
Times up. Raise your boards. The
answer is
3-hexene
3. Which of the following hydrocarbons
fit the general formula CnH2n-2?
a. propane
b. butyne
c. hexene
Go.

Times up. Raise your boards. The

answer is
B.
4. Which of the following is
unsaturated?
a. cyclohexane
b. octane
c. heptene
Go.
Times up. Raise your boards. The
answer is
C.
5. What is the correct name for
CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH3?
a. 4-methylbutane
b. Cyclopropane
c. 2-methylbutane
Go.
Times up. Raise your boards. The
answer is
C.
6. Name this structure

Go.
Times up. Raise your boards. The
answer is
Propene.
7. What do you call the side group that
contains single bond?
Go.
Times up. Raise your boards. The
answer is
Alkyl Group
8. This hydrocarbon is unstable and
reactive.
Go.
Times up. Raise your boards. The
answer is
Cycloalkanes
Okay, now lets move on to Aromatic
Hydrocarbons.

Benzene is the parent compound of

aromatic hydrocarbons and the
simplest form of this class.
It is a ring of six carbon atom, each
attached to one hydrogen atom. The
structure of benzene can be
represented into three:

Aromatic Hydrocarbons with more

than one ring are called polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons or fused-ring
compounds.
E. Generalization
Now, lets see if youve learned
something from our discussion. I
have strips of papers here with the
things we have discussed. On the
concept map, I would like you to put
the words on their position.
This is the concept map:
HYDROCARBON
S
Aliphati
c

Aromatic

Alkanes Cycloalkanes Alkenes Alkynes

Okay, very good.

F. Assessment
Now lets have a short quiz.
The questions are posted on the board

1. Organic chemistry is the study of

compounds containing:
a. Hydrogen
b. Sulfur
c. Carbon

2. What is the formula for benzene?

a. C6H6
b. C6H7
c. C6H5
3. Aromatic Hydrocarbon with more
than one ring are called
4. Aliphatic hydrocarbons are divided
into four what are those?
5. Draw two representations of
benzene.
After 5mins. Okay pass your papers.
Lets Check.
1. C
2. A
3. Fused-ring compound or polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbon.
4. Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes,
cycloalkanes
5. (two of this three)

G. Assignment:
Now, take note of your assignment.
1. Give the properties and uses of
hydrocarbons
2. What is a functional group? Give
atleast 8 functional group.
Write your answers on an intermmediate
pad.
Are you done?
Yes, Maam
Then thats all for today. Goodbye Class.
Good bye and thank you Ms. Mina