BIO Solutions Final Exam 2005

SENIOR SECONDARY ASSESSMENT BOARD OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA
BIOLOGY EXAMINATION 2005

SOLUTIONS DRAFT 1
QUESTION BOOKLET 1
SECTION A
1
L
2
J
3
L
4
K
5
M
6
M
7
J
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
M
J
K
J
M
K
J
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15
16
17
18
19
20
21
L
L
K
K
K
M
L
22
23
24
25
J
M
K
L
SECTION B
26 (a) Line to indicate a lower activation energy.
(2)
(2)
(b) Energy needed to break bonds in the reactants.
(2)
Energy needed for a collision between reactants to produce product

(or to react).
(2)
Energy required to initiate the reaction.
(2)
(2)
(c) Increases chance of a reaction occurring by ensuring molecules have
correct orientation to react.
(2)
Aligns reactants.
(2)
Substrate binds to active site.
(1)
To lower activation energy & other consequence.
(1)
(2)
(d)
High temperatures cause protein molecules to lose their specific 3D shape.

(2)
Denatured
(2)
(2)
27. (a) (i) Greatest similarity in DNA bands between parents and offspring.
Offspring should have common DNA sequences to parents.
(2)
(2)
(2)
(ii) 9
(2)
(b)
(i) High temperature (heat-1 only) is required to separate strands.
Human enzymes are denatured at high temperatures.
(2)
(2)
(2)
(ii) DNA is universal
(2)
DNA is same in all organisms
(2)
DNA has same structure in all species.
(2)
(2)
(iii) Identifies the start to be copied
(2)
Complementary to the DNA to which is to bind.
(2)
Stops strands joining together (if qualified 2)
(1)
(2)
28 (a) Explain (2+2):

Identification of statement re CO2 and glucose necessary for growth/
reproduction.
(2)
Greater light intensity results in greater rate of reproduction.
(2)
CO2 needed for production of glucose.
(2)
(4)
(b) Photosynthesis is limited by light intensity.
(2)
Photosynthesis produces more chemical energy/glucose.
(2)
Chemical energy/glucose is needed for cell division/reproduction.
(2)
(4)
(c) Question asks for results;
Increased concentration of oxygen or glucose
Increased rate of P/S
(2)
(1)
(2)
29 (a) Genetically identical cells are produced.
All the same.
(2)
(1)
(2)
(b) Number of possible factors (1 each):
Temperatures 37C
Surface to grow on
Adequate nutrients
Growth factors present
Glucose or some other energy source
Vitamins
Hormones
Sterile conditions
pH
(4)
(c) Cancer cells have capacity to divide rapidly /divide uncontrollably.
Cancer cells produce factors that stimulate cell division.
(2)
(2)
(2)
(d) Genetically identical plants produced.
Susceptible to environmental change (1) detrimental (1)
(2)
(2)
(4)
30 (a) Diagram must show sister chromatids separated and have appropriate
shading.
(2)
(2)
(b) Spindle formation.
(2)
Multiple chromosomes.
(2)
Centrioles present.
(2)
Linear chromosomes not circular.
(2)
(2)
(c) Cytoskeleton (-1 for incorrect spelling)
(2)
(2)
(d) (i) Autumn
(2)
(ii) Each female is genetically different to the others because they are
produced sexually.
(2)
The offspring from the sexually reproduced females will also be

different to each other (Sexual reproduction causes variations)
(2)
31(a) Exocytosis (-1 for incorrect spelling)

(b) Fluidity (fluid structure).
(4)
(2)
(2)
Membranes can flow together.
(2)
Phospholipid bilayer.
(0)
(2)
(c) DNA codes for a specific sequence of amino acids (protein).
Change DNA then produce a different sequence (protein).
(2)
(2)
(4)
SECTION B: Short Answers

BOOKLET 2 (Questions 32 to 37)
32 (a) C6H12O6
2C2H5OH + 2CO2
reactants and products correct
balance correct
(1)
(1)
(2)
(b) Explain (2) + (2)

P and Q;
M to N;
oxygen is available for aerobic respiration,
(1)
oxygen not available.
(1)
Aerobic respiration releases more energy than fermentation

for the same amount of glucose.
(1)
(1)
(4)
(c) ADP + P
ATP
(2)
Word equation is OK.
(2)
Synthesis reaction requires energy.
(2)
(2)
33 (a) As body mass increases, metabolic rate decreases.
(2)
As body mass decreases, metabolic rate increases.
(2)
Inverse of above is OK.
(2)
(2)
(b) NB: question asks about the mouse so must be related to gain full marks.
Mouse has a large surface area to volume ratio.
(2)
Greater heat loss and higher metabolic rate to maintain body temperature.
(2)
(4)
34 (a) (i) Increases the surface area for diffusion to occur.

(ii) Decreases the distance over which diffusion has to occur.
(2)
(2)
(2)
(b) Decrease filtration
(2)
Less urine produced
(2)
(2)
35 (a) Competition (1)
for resources (1)
(food, space, territory etc)
(2)
(b) Four columns or rows
(1)
Appropriate headings
(1)
Separation of biotic and abiotic
(1)
Accurate recording of data by words or ticks
(1)
(4)
(c ) Environment (factors affecting survival) on L more different than
mainland.
Selection pressure on gene pool more similar on M than on L
(2)
(2)
(4)
36 (a) Number of possibilities:
Temperature
Soil nutrients
Water availability (rainfall)
Light intensity
Hours of sunlight
Frosts
Oxygen concentration of soil
pH
.
.
.
.
(b) Energy stored (as starch) used to grow new leaves
Little energy (photosynthesis) being generated without leaves being

present
(2)
(2)
(2)
(4)
37 (a) As nitrogen abundance increases plant diversity (number of plant species)
decreases
(2)
(2)
(b) Decreased diversity
(2)
(2)
38 (a) (i) pH will (not) affect the rate of reaction

There is an optimum pH for this reaction
(2)
(2)
(2)
(ii) increase the reliability of the data
(2)
increase precision of data
(2)
increase accuracy if systematic errors has been eliminated
(2)
reduce scatter
(1)
(2)
(b) (i)
To ensure a valid conclusion
(2)
To ensure that results are only due to the effect of substrate

concentration
(2)
Compare only one variable
(2)
(2)
(ii) substrate (1)
Concentration (1)
(2)
(2)
(iii) initial increase (1) in rate (1)

then a constant rate
(2)
Reaches equilibrium
(1)
Some limiting factor operates
(1)
(4)
(iv) line which indicates a lower rate
(2)
(2)
( c) (i)
both axes labelled with units

Appropriate scale (most of grid used)
Accurate plot of points
Smooth line of best fit
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
(ii) Results higher or lower
Consistently (or all)
(1)
(1)
(2)
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SECTION D
Question 39
Describe how bacteria can be genetically engineered
(6 marks)
Isolate genes
Use probes to identify
Restriction enzymes
Gel electrophoresis
Isolate plasmid
Cut out with same restriction enzyme
Mix genes and plasmids

They join
At sticky ends
Insert modified plasmid back into bacterium
OR
Coat metal pellets with DNA and fire these into bacterium
OR
Use a phage virus (bacteriophage)
Discuss the advantages of relying on
(6 marks)
lifestyle changes to control lifestyle related diseases

o Available to all
o Low cost
o Other health benefits
o No side effects
genetic engineering to control lifestyle related diseases
o No risk of injury during exercise
o No effect on life style
o More available
o Lasts longer
o No effort required
Communication
(3 marks)
Question 40
Explain why many different plant species were able to establish in an area in the first year after the fire.
(4 marks)
different environmental conditions
eg more light, more resources, less competition, more nutrients in ash,
seeds blown in or carried by animals
more niches available
Describe how succession occurred in this plant community after the first year
(4 marks)
pioneer community established which changed environmental conditions

more species arrived, some species disappeared as environment changed
each different community changed the environmental conditions so that other species could survive
Explain why biodiversity is considered to be a desirable feature of a biological community (4 marks)

increased stability is better for interrelationships
increased variety means more resources for humans (food, drugs, etc.)
increased variety means communities can cope better
with change there is the likelihood some species will be able to cope better with the changed
environment
Communication
(3 marks)

BIO Solutions Final Exam 2005

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SENIOR SECONDARY ASSESSMENT BOARD OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA

BIOLOGY EXAMINATION 2005

Energy needed for a collision between reactants to produce product

Energy required to initiate the reaction.

Substrate binds to active site.

To lower activation energy & other consequence.

High temperatures cause protein molecules to lose their specific 3D shape.

Offspring should have common DNA sequences to parents.

(i) High temperature (heat-1 only) is required to separate strands.

Human enzymes are denatured at high temperatures.

DNA is same in all organisms

DNA has same structure in all species.

Complementary to the DNA to which is to bind.

Stops strands joining together (if qualified 2)

28 (a) Explain (2+2):

Greater light intensity results in greater rate of reproduction.

CO2 needed for production of glucose.

Photosynthesis produces more chemical energy/glucose.

Chemical energy/glucose is needed for cell division/reproduction.

29 (a) Genetically identical cells are produced.

All the same.

(b) Number of possible factors (1 each):

Growth factors present

Glucose or some other energy source

Cancer cells produce factors that stimulate cell division.

(d) Genetically identical plants produced.

Susceptible to environmental change (1) detrimental (1)

Linear chromosomes not circular.

(d) (i) Autumn

The offspring from the sexually reproduced females will also be

31(a) Exocytosis (-1 for incorrect spelling)

Membranes can flow together.

SECTION B: Short Answers

(b) Explain (2) + (2)

oxygen is available for aerobic respiration,

oxygen not available.

Aerobic respiration releases more energy than fermentation

Word equation is OK.

Synthesis reaction requires energy.

33 (a) As body mass increases, metabolic rate decreases.

As body mass decreases, metabolic rate increases.

Inverse of above is OK.

34 (a) (i) Increases the surface area for diffusion to occur.

(b) Decrease filtration

Less urine produced

35 (a) Competition (1)

for resources (1)

(food, space, territory etc)

Separation of biotic and abiotic

Accurate recording of data by words or ticks

Selection pressure on gene pool more similar on M than on L

36 (a) Number of possibilities:

(b) Energy stored (as starch) used to grow new leaves

Little energy (photosynthesis) being generated without leaves being

38 (a) (i) pH will (not) affect the rate of reaction

(ii) increase the reliability of the data

increase precision of data

increase accuracy if systematic errors has been eliminated

To ensure a valid conclusion

To ensure that results are only due to the effect of substrate

Compare only one variable

(ii) substrate (1)

(iii) initial increase (1) in rate (1)

Some limiting factor operates