EC/APR 2011/ECW571

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UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FINAL EXAMINATION

COURSE

COASTAL ENGINEERING

COURSE CODE

ECW571

EXAMINATION

APRIL 2011

TIME

3 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
1.

This question paper consists of four (4) questions

2.

Answer ALL questions in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page.

3.

Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the
invigilator.

4.

Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of:
)
)
)

the Question Paper

an Answer Booklet - provided by the Faculty
a one - page Appendix

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

This examination paper consists of 4 printed pages
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EC/APR 2011/ECW571

QUESTION 1
a)

Explain the mechanisms causing beach profile change.

(10 marks)

b)

Prevention is better than cure. Suggest some strategies to implement this approach
in coastal management. Provide relevant examples to support your answers.
(10 marks)

QUESTION 2
a)

Differentiate between the terms semidiurnal and diurnal tides.

(5 marks)

b)

A 48-hour wind observation records a fastest mile wind speed of 54 km/hr at an

elevation 5 m above the ground level at a site 5 km inland. Find the significant wave
height and the significant wave period generated by the wind for the following cases:
i)
ii)

Fetch = 20 km and duration = 2 hours

Fetch = 100 km and duration = 10 hours

The air-sea temperature difference is 7.5C. Identify the type of wave generated in
both cases. Given: RL =1.0 andi? r =0.85.
(15 marks)

Hints: Uw = U0

10

f ]

0.142

V z )

;] uA=o.7\(ui6J1.23
f

'

^3600

=1.277 + 0.29 6tanh 0 . 9 1 o g 1 0 ^

V
* J

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EC/APR 2011/ECW571

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QUESTION 3
a)

An ocean wave train traveling with a period of 8.2 s is propagated shoreward over a
gently sloping sea bed from a depth of 75 m to a depth of 1.25 m. Calculate the wave
length, the wave celerity and the group celerity at both depths. Determine the
subsurface pressure at a point located 1.0 m below the still water level where the
water depth is 1.25 m and the wave height is 0.4 m. The relevant wave parameters
are given in Table Q3(a). The density of sea water is 1025 kg/m3.
(15 marks)

cosh kd

2kd

sinh2M

0.0110
0.0120
0.0130

0.04233
0.04426
0.04612

1.0356
1.0389
1.0423

0.5319
0.5562
0.5795

0.5574
0.5853
0.6125

0.7000
0.7100
0.7200

0.7002
0.7102
0.7202

40.72
43.35
46.15

8.800
8.925
9.050

3.314
3.757
4.258

d/

Table Q3(a)

Hints:p-pgr/Kz

b)

-pgz

where Kz =

cosh k(d + z)

and n =

cosh kd

2kd
1+sinh 2kd

A deep water wave has a period of 7.0 s and a height of 1.3 m travels towards the
shore. It is refracted in such a way that the distance between the wave orthogonal is
increased to 50% at a location where the depth of water is 4.28 m. Assume that there
is no energy loss, determine the wave height due to combined effect of shoaling and
refraction. Table Q3(b) provides the wave parameters required in the computation.
Comment on your results.
(15 marks)

d/
/L0

0.0550
0.0560
0.0570

Ikd

sinh 2kd

0.0993
0.1003
0.1013

1.2480
1.2610
1.2730

1.5980
1.6220
1.6460

Table Q3(b)

H_
Hints: -y = KRKs

where KR = f/

Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA

fs"/c

and ^s =
\

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EC/APR 2011/ECW571

QUESTION 4
a)

Describe the generation of longshore currents in the surf zone.

(10 marks)

b)

Waves approach a beach with their crests orientated at an angle of 13 with the
shoreline during a storm. The wave height at the breaker line is 1.2 m. Determine
the potential longshore transport rate at the site in m3/hr. The average beach slope in
the surf "one is 0.02.
(10 marks)

Hint: U = 20.7m^jgHb

c)

sin2a h

A rubble mound breakwater is to be designed in a water depth of 3.6 m and to

withstand waves of height 1.5 m and period of 9.0 s. The structure slope is 1:3.
Determine the required armour unit size if angular quarrystone and hexapod are to be
considered in the design. The relevant wave parameters are provided in Table Q4.
Assume for quarry stone, S = 2.6 and KD = 4.0 (non-breaking) whereas for
hexapod, S = 2.4 and KD = 9.5 (non-breaking).
(10 marks)

d/
0.0280
0.0290
0.0300

kd

tanhM

0.06878
0.07007
0.07135

0.4322
0.4403
0.4483

0.4071
0.4138
0.4205

Table Q4

Hint:

yH'
KD{S-lycoiO

W =

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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APPENDIX 1

EC/APR 2011/ECW571

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Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA

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