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SILENTVOICES

NAMOAMITABHA

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Remembethe

lindnessofothes

Repathe
IindnesswithGatitude.

THEFIRSTLESSON:

LEARIGTOCHANGEDESTIN

fathepassedawawhenIwas
oungWlmothepesuadedmetoIean

medicineinsteadofstudingandpassingthe

impeiaIexaminationsbecauseitwoudbea
go0dwatosuppoItmselfwhiIehelping
othespehapsIcouIdevenbecomefa-

mousthoughmmedicalsIiIsthusfulfiIingmathe!saspiationOme

OnedaImetaneIdeIbutdistin-

guished|ookinggent|emanattheCompassionateCloudTempIeHehadaIongbead

andtheIookofasage.IimmediateIpaid
mespectst0himHetoIdme:ouae
destinedtobeagovenmentofficiaINext

eaouwiIIattaintheankofLeanedFist
LeveISchoIaWhaeounotstudingfO
theexamination?ItoIdhimtheeason.
1

IaskedtheeIdeIgentIemanOhis
nameandwheehewasfomHeepIied:

vIfaminameisongandIamfom
unnanpovinceIhaveinheitedavesa-

cedandaccuatetext0nastoIogandpe-

diction.ThetextwittenbShaoziiscalIed

theeSraoGDImUe
IbBmcalcuationsIamsupposedt0

passitontoouandteachouhowtouse
it

Iinvited.Iongt0mhomeandtod

mm0theab0uthimShesaidtoteathim
weIIAswetestedIongIsabiIitatpe

dicti0nwefOundthathewasaIwascoect

whetheitwasObigeventsof0mino

evedamattes.Ibecameconvincedof
whathehadsaidandagainbegantothinI(of

studingfotheexaminations.IconsuIted
mcousinwhoecommendedYuwho
wasteachingatthehomeoafiendand
Z

becameusstudent

KongthendidsomemoecaIcuIationsf0me.HetoIdmethatasaschoaI

wouIdbepacedfouteenthinthecount
examinationsevent-fistintheegional
examinationandninthinthepovinciaIexaminationTheOIowingeaIpIacedex

actIwheeIIonghadsaidfOaIthee
examinations.

IthenaskedhimtomakepedictionsfO

theestomIife.Iongscalculations

showedthatIwou|dpasssuchandsucha
testinsuchandsuchaeatheeathatI
woudbecomeaciviIschoa!andtheea

thatIwouIdeceiveapomotiontobecome

anImpeiaISchoIa.AndIastIwouIdbe
appointedasamagistateinSichuanPov
inceAftehodingthatpositionfotheeand

ahafeas!IwouIdthenetieandetun
home.Iwouddieattheageoffit-thee
3

onthe14thdaoftheeighthmonthbe-

tweenonetotheeocIockinthemoning

UnfOtunateIwoudnothaveasonI

caeuIIecodedandthenemembeed
evethingthathesaid
TheoutcomeofeveIexamination
tunedoutexactaspedictedIong

hadaIsopedictedthatIwouldonIbepo
motedafteeceivingaationoftwohun-

dedfit-ninebushesoficeHoweveI
hadeceivedonItwentbusheIsofice
whentheCommissioneofEducation!

TuecommendedmefOapomotionIse-

cetIbegantodoubtthepedictionNeve
theIessittunedouttobecoectaftea
becauseWI.TusepIacementtuneddown
thepomotion

Itwasn0tuntilsomeeasatethata
newEducationCommissioneeviewedm

oIdexaminati0npapesandexcIaimed:
4

ThesenveessasaeasweIwittenase

potstotheempeoHowcanwebuthe
taentsofsuchageatschoIa?Thenew
Commissionewantedthemagistatetois
sueanodefOmetobecomeacandidate

fOImpeialSchoIaundehisauthoit.AfteundegoingthiseventuIpomotionm
caIcuIationsshowedthatIhadeceivedex

actItwohundedfift-ninebusheIsofice.

FomthenonIdeepIbeIievedthatpomo
tionodemotionweaIthopovetaIIcame

aboutinduetimeandthateventheIength
ofonesIifeispeaangedIbegantoview
evethinginadetachedmanneandceased

toseekgainopofit

AftebeingseectedasanImpeia

SchoIa!IwastoattendtheUnivesitat
BeijingDuingmeaIongstainthecapi

taIminteestinmeditationgewandIof

tensatinsiIencewithoutgivingisetoa
5

singIethoughtIostinteestinboosand

didnotstudataII
ThefOIowingeaIwenttoNanjingBeOeIwastoentetheationaUnivesit

theeIpaidavisittoasteunguaven
eabIeZenasteatQixiaountain.Wesat

inmeditationfacetoceintheZenhaIIfO

theedasandnightswithoutsIeepaste
ungusaid:Theeasonwhodinapeo
pIecannotbecomesagesisbecauseofaII

theiwandeingthoughtsInouthee-da
meditationIhavenotobseedasingIe

thoughtaiseinouWh?
IepIiedthatIonghadcIeape

dictedtheentieoutcomeomIieIhad
seenthatthetimeoIifedeathpomotion
andfailueaefatedsotheewasnoneed

Ometothinlofanthing.Themaste
smiIedandepIied:Ithoughtouwee
someoneoemaabecapabiIities!owI
6

eaIizeouaeanodinapeson!FeeIing

confusedbwhatWasteYunguhadsaidI
askedhimtoexpIainHetoIdmethatano-

dinapesonsmindisOeveoccupiedb
wandeingandimaginathoughtssonatu-

alIhisoheIieisboundbthemathe
maticsodestinWecannotdentheact
thatdestinexistsbutonIodinapeopIe

aeboundbitDestincannotbindthose
whocuItivategeatkindnessothosewho
havecommittednagantwongdoingsSince

IhadIivedmiejustas.IonghadpedictedanddonenothingtochangeitIhad
beenboundbdestin.ThusIwasatpical
odinapeson

TakenabackJIas|(edifwecouIdchange
oudestiniesThemasteansweed:We

caneceateouowndestinandseegood
OtuneItisthetueteachingandisOund

inkoU5andkoffDInthe
7

Buddhistteachingsitiswittenthatifwe
wishfbandseekweaIthJahighpositiona

sonadaughteolongIifewecanattainit
SincetheBuddhatoIdusthatIingisoneof

thegeatesttansgessionsJwecanbeas
suedthatBuddhasandBodhisattvaswouId
notdeceiveus

ItoIdasteunguthatIhadheadthat
Nenciusoncesaidwhateveissoughtcan

beattainedTheseeIingiswithinouseIves
ThiseestoinnequaIitiessuchasvitue

integitandindnessTheseaeaIvaIues
wecanwoktowadHowevewhenit
comestooutsideactossuchasweath

fameandpestigehowcanweseeItoattainthem?Heepiedthatenciuswasight
butthatIhadmisundestoodhismeaning

asteYungusaidthatasteHuinengthe
SixthpatiachotheZenSchooItaught:AII
theneIdsofmeitaewithinonesown
8

heatIoneseeksfomthetuemind

withinonecanbeintouchwithaIIthatone

wishesfOBseekingwithinouseIveswe

wiIInotonattaintheinnequalitiesofvi
tueintegitandkindness;wewiIIaIsoat-

tainextenaIbenefitssuchaswealthme
andpestigeTObeabIetoattainbothinne

quaIitiesandextenaIbenentsisinvaIuabe
asteunguthentoldmethatione

doesnotefIectinsideonesownheat;but!

insteadbIindlseeksfamefOItuneandong
Iifefomoutsidesoucesnomattehowone

schemestopusuethemonecanonIattainatmostwhathadbeendestinedSeek-

ingfomtheoutsideonemightIoseboth
innepuitandwhatonewasdestinedto

have;thus/theseekingwouIdhavebeenin
vain

NasteYungunextaskedabout

KongspedictionsfOtheestofmieI
9

honestItodhimevething.HeaskediI
eItthatIdeseedimpeiaIappointmentso

asonRenectingonmpastdeedsandattitudesIansweednoIdidnotThosewho

eceivedimpeiaIappointmentsaIhadthe
appeaanceofgoodfOtunebutIdidnotI
asodidnotwoktowadsaccumuIatingvi

tuestobuiIdupmgoodOtuneIwasve

impatientandnaowmindedandwouId
showoffmintelIigenceandabiitiesbput-

tingothesdownIbehavedasIpIeasedand
spokewithoutestaintTheseweeaIlsigns
ofscantgoodfOtuneandvitueHowcouId

IpossibeceiveanimpeiaIappointment?
Theeisanodsaingthatifespings
omtheditoftheeathwhiIecIeawate

oftenhabosnofishThefisteasonwhI
eItthatIdidnotdeseeasonwasthatI

wasobsessiveaboutcleanIinessThesecond

easonwasthatwhiehamonisthecuItiva10

tooIifeIwasquicktempeedThid!a

thoughovingIindnessisthecauseoffetiit
andhashnessthecauseofsteiIitIwas
selfishIconcenedaboutmeputationand
wouldnotsacificeanthingOothesThe
fOuItheasonwasthatItaIkedtoomuchand

thiswastedaIotofenegFithIdanktoo
muchAndsixthIdidnothaveasonbe

causeIoenstaedupalInightandwasted

menegAsidefomthese!Ihadman
othefautsthatweetoonumeoustomen
tion

asteungusaid:Accodingtoou

thentheeaemanothethingsinIifeou
donotdeselvenotonameandason!
ThosewhohavemiIionsofdoIIasinthisIie

cutivatedthegoodfOtunewothofthat
amountinthepastThosewhohavethou-

sandsofdoIIasmustaIsohavethegood

fbtunewothofthatsumThose!whodie
11

ofstaationweeinfactmeanttodiein

thatmanneTheamicesuIttodaissim

pIthefuitoftheiowndeedsandhas
nothingtodowithextenapowes

oexampIe!ifapesonhasaccumu

IatedenoughmeitsandvituestoIasta
hundedgeneationsthenheoshewilI
haveahundedgeneationsofdescendants
OnewhoaccumuIatesenoughmeitsand
vituestoasttengeneationswilIhaveten

geneationsofdescendantstoIiveoutthat

goodOtuneThesameappIiestotheeo
twogeneationsThosewhohavenodescendantshadtoolittIemeitsandvitues

Wowthatouecognizeoushotcom
ingsouneedtodoaIthatoucanto

changeandcoectoumisdeedsthat
causedounottohaveachildonottobe

comeanimpeiaofncialouneedtocuIti
vateviItueandtoeanceJandtoegadoth
1Z

eswithgoodwiIIandcompassionYouaIso
needtocaeOouheathandconseIve

ouenegandspiitLiveasifevething
inthepastdissoIvedestedaandaband

newfutuebeginstodaIfoucanaccom
pIishthisthenouaeapesonbonanew

apesonofvitueandsinceit

Ifevenoubodisgovenedbdestin
thenhowcanabodofvitueandsinceit
notevokeaesponsef0mHeaven?Asis

saidintheTaiJiaChapteJinoko
fDrOnemaunawafomtheetibution

ofHeavenbutonecanneveescapethe
etibutionfOonesmisdeedsItissaidin

kofSbg5TOpemanentlaccodwith
themindofHeavenandtoseekouown

geatgoodfOtune

IonghadpedictedthatouwouId
noteceiveanimpeialappointmentohave

asonTheseaetheetibutionsoHeaven!
13

buteventhecanbechangedouonl
needtodeveopouvituediIigentstive

topacticegoodness!andwoktoaccumu-

IatemanhiddenmeitsandvituesThese

aeouwastoeceategoodoItune
HowthenisitpossibethatouwiIInotget

toenjoit?IUokoageswas
wittentoheppeopeaccuegoodfOtune
andtoavoidadvesitIfevethingisdestinedwithnooomOchangehowcanwe

hopetodothis?ThenstchapteofI
saidfamiieswhooftenpefOmgooddeeds
willhaveanexcessogoodfOtunetopass

ontothefOowinggeneationsDooube
Iievethis?IepIiedes

IgatefuIacceptedhisadviceandpaid
mespectstohimbpostatingThenI

begantoegetaIImpastwongdoings!

IageandsmaIinontoftheBuddhasim
ageIwotedownmwishtopasstheimpe11

iaIexaminati0nsandvowedtocompete
theethousandmeitoiousdeedstoshow

mgatitudetowadsmancestosEath

andHeavenUponheaingmvowthemas-

teshowedmeameit-autchatandtaught
mehowtokeepadaiIecodofaIthego0d
andbaddeedsIhaddonHewanedme

thatbaddeedswouldneutaizethegood
onesThemasteaIsotaughtmetoecite

theZhunTiantanIwithamindofpuitandconcentationc0uldIattainwhatI

soughtHeexpIainedthatithadbeensaidb
speciaIistsindawingtaIismanicfigues!
Thosewhoaeconsideedexpetsintheat

ofdawingchamsbutdonotknowtheight
watodosowiIbeaughedatbspiits

Theketodawingchamsishavingno
thoughtsfombeginningtoendUndestandingthisbegintheiststoewithasti

mindaftethepimaIdaknessInthepoc
15

essodawingonemustIetgoofaIIwandeingthoughtsOnIinthiswacana
chambeeectIv

WhenonepasfOandseeksfOsome
thIngotIestochangeonesateitIsimpotantthatonedoessowIthoutgivingise
toasingIethoughtInthiswaonewiIIeas

iIeceveaesponseenciuswotethee
!snodIffeencebetweenIongIifeandshot

IifeAtfistgIanceonewouIdindIthadto
undestandhowthecanbethesamehoweve!whentheeisnothoughttheeisno
duaIitInshooIongIife

UponcaefuIanaIsIstheeisaIsono
dualitbetweengoodobadhaest.Unde
standIngthIswewIIbecontentwIthou

pesentsituationbeItoneofweaIthopov-

etAndwithundestandingthattheeisn0
duaIItbetweenpovetandweaIthou
mindswiIbecontentwith0upesentstatus
16

insocietbeithighoowAsotheeisno

duaIitbetweenongandshotlivesUnde
standingthiswewiIIbecontentwithou

existingifespans!betheIongoshotThe
mostimpotantconcenfohumanbeingsis
thatoIieanddeathThuseaIdeathand

IongevitsubsumeaIconditions!whethe
favoabIeounfavoabIeandwhetheo
gain0Ioss
WehavetowaituntiIoucuItivation

eachesacetainevethenoudestinies

wi||changeThischangedependsontheaccumuationofmeitsonseekingaesponse

fomtheheavensWhencuItivating!weneed
tobeawaeofoufauItsandesoIvetoco

ectthemasifweweecuingasickness.

WhiIewaiting!etgoofthethoughtofdesi-

ingsomethingthatweaenotsupposedto
haveandthethoughtofwishingoae
wadAtthiseveitwoudbeastateo
17

eachingtheinnatenatueofnothought
thatistheactuaIIeaningandpacticeof
wisdom

IknowthatouaestiIunabIetoac

compIishthestateofnothoughtbutou
canpacticeecitingtheZhunTiantacon

tinuouslwithoutcountingthenumbeo
ecitationsandwithoutinteuptionWhen

oueachahigheIeveIofconstantmindfuI
ness!ouwiIIbeabIetoachievetheIeveIof
tonotecitewhenecitingandtoecite

whennotecitingWhenounoIongehave
wandeingthoughtsthemantawiIbecome
efctive

nameusedtobeXuehaiwhich
meansboadleaningButateeceiving

theseteachingsfomWIasteunguI

changedittoLiaoan!whichmeanstan
scendingtheodinaItsigninedmun
destandingofthefactthatwecouIde
18

ceateoudestiniesandthatIdidnotwish

tobeIikeodinapeopIewhoweecon

toIedbdestinFomthenonIbeganto

bevecautiousinwhateveIthoughto
didSoonIfetquitedifeentfombefOe
InthepastIhadbeencaeessandwithout

seIf-discipine.NowIfindmsefbeingnatu
aIIwatchfuIandconscientiousImaintain

thisattitudeevenwhenaIonef0IInow

thattheeaespiitsandheavenIbeings
evewheewhocanknowmevethought
anddeedIamcautiousnottoofendthem

withmthoughtsEvenwhenIencounte
peopIewhodisIikeosandeme!Ibeathei

insuItswithapatientandpeacefuImindand

donoteeIcompeIIedtoquaeIwiththem

TheeaafteImetasteunguI
tookthepeiminaimpeiaexaminationin
whichIIIonghadpedictedthatIwouId
comeinthidpaceAmazinglIwasist!
19

KongspedictionsweebeginningtoIose

theiaccuacHehadnotpedictedthatI

wouIdpasstheimpeiaIexaminationatal
butthatautumnIdid!AIthoughIhadco
ectedmanfauIts!IfOundthatIcouIdnot
whoIeheatedIdothethingsIoughtto
EvenifIdiddothemitwasfOcedandun
natuaIIefIectedwithinandfOundthatI

stiIlhadmanshotcomingssuchasseeing

anoppotunittopacticekindnessbutnot
beingeageenoughtodoitohavingdoubts
whenheIpingothes
SometimesIfOcedmseft0actindI

butmspeechwasstiuncontoIIedandoffensiveIfOundIcoudcontainmseIfwhen

sobe!butafteafewdinksIwouldact
withoutestaintAIthoughIoftenpacticed
kinddeedsandaccumuIatedmeits!m
aultsandofensesweesonumeousthat

theseemedtooutweighthegoodthatIdid
Z0

AotofmtimewasspentvainIandwith
outvalue

Ittookmemoethanteneastocom

pIetethetheethousandmeitoiousdeedsI
hadvowedtodoIwasunab|etodedicate

themeitsfomthesetheethousandgood

deedsatatempIeuntiIetunedtom
hometowninthesouthafeweasIateAt

thattimeIhadtheoppotunittoasItwo
monIstodedicatethemfOmeThenI

mademsecondwishandthatwasOa
sonIvowedtocompIeteanothethee
thousandgooddeedsAweasIate

oumothegavebithtoouandnamed
ouTianqi

EveVtimeIpefOmedagooddeed!I
wouIdecoditinabookoumothewho

couldnoteadowitewouIduseagoose

feathedippedininkShemadeaedcice
onthecaIendaOevegooddeedshedid
Z1

SometimesshegavefOodtothepooo

boughtIivingceatuesinthemaketpIace
andfeedtheminthewidSheecodedaII
ofthesewithhecicIesonthecaIendaAt

timesshecouIdaccumuIatemoethanten

cicesinoneda!
EvedawepacticedIikethisandin
Oueasthetheethousanddeedswee

compIetedAgainIinvitedthesametwo
mastestomaIethededicationsthistimeat

ouhome.Onthe13thdaoftheninth
monthofthatsameeaImademthid
wishandthatwastopassthehighest|eveI
oftheimpeiaIexaminationIaIsovowedto

compIetetenthousandmeitoiousdeeds

AtetheeeasIattainedmwishand
passedtheexaminationIwasaIsomadethe

maoofBaodiCount

IpepaedasmaIbooktoecodm
meitsandfautsandcaIeditokCM
ZZ

UeEvemoningwhenIbe
ganwokintheofnce!msevantwould
bingthebooIandhavetheguadpIaceit
onmdesIIwouIdecodmevedeed

goodobadnomattehowsmalAtnightI
setupanatainthecoutadandputon

moficiaunifOmtoemuIatethewaofan
ofnceintheSongDnast.Ibunedincense

andepoItedaIImdeedstotheheavens
Onceoumothewasconcenedwhen
shesawthatIhadnotaccumulatedmuch

meitInthepastshewasabletoheIpme
inouaccumuIationogooddeedsandwe
weeabIetocompIetethetheethousand
meitoiousdeedsNowfIhadmadeavow

tocompIetetenthousandmoedeedsbut
theeweefeweoppoItunitiestopactice

thematthegovenmentesidenceShewo
iedabouthowIongitwouIdbebeOem
vowcouIdbefuInIIed.
Z3

ThatnightIdeamedoaheavenbe
ingandtoIdhimomdificuItincompIetingthetenthousandgooddeedsTheheav-

enlbeingemindedmeuponbecoming
maoIhadeducedthetaxesonthefam-

IandsThatonegooddeedwaswothten

thousandmeitsIlvowwasaeadfuInIed!WhenIhadbecomemaothefamesinthecountweehighItaxedsoIeducedthetaxbnealhaButIfeItbe-

wiIdeedandstiIhaddoubtsHowcouIdjust
onedeedbewoIthtenthousandmeits?

CoincidentaIItheZenvIasteHuanu
wastavelingfomWutaiountainand

stoppedinmt0wnIinvitedhimtothe
govenmentesidencetoIdhimofm
deamandaskedwhetheitwasbeIievabIe

asteHuanusaid:Ioned0esagood
deedwithsuchatueandsinceeheat

withoutexpectationofewadthenone
Z4

deedcanindeedbewoththemeitsoften

thousandBesides!ouactofeducingthe
taxesinthiscountbenentsmoethanten
thousandpeopIe!UponheaingthisIim

mediateIgaveaIImsavingsfOhimtotake
backtoWutaiIountainIaskedhimtouse

themonefOafoodoffeingfOtenthou
sandmonksandtodedicatethemeitsfO
meo

WIIonghadpedictedthatIwouIddie

attheageoffifttheeHoweveIsuived
thateawithoutiIInessesaIthoughIdidnot
asktheheavensoaIongelife.owIam

sixtnineokoDyexpIains:Destin
existsbutitischangeabeDestinisnotset

butisceatedanddeteminedbouseIves
AIthisistueIcametoundestandthat

bothgoodfOItuneandmisfOtuneaethe
esuItsoouownactionsTheseaetuI

thewodsofsagesandvituouspeople!If
Z5

someonesaidthatgoodOItuneandadve

sitaedeteminedbtheheavensIwoud

considethatpesonodina
Tianqi!msonIwondewhatoulife

wiIIbeIiIe?WeshouIdawaspepaefO

thewostTheeOeevenintimesopos
peitactasifouweenotWhenthings
aegoingouwabemindfuIofadvesit
WhenouhaveenoughfOodandclothing!
bemindfuIofpovetWhenIovedande-

spectedbaIJemainappehensiveand

conseative.WhenthefamiIisgeatIe
spectedcaousefhumbIAndwhen
ouleaningisextensiveandpofOundal
wasfeethatthemoeouleantheess
ouknow.
FothepastwecanthinkofhowtoadvocatethevituesofouancestosFothe

pesentwecanthinkohowtoc0nceaIthe

fauItsofoupaentsFothecountJwecan
26

thinkofhowwecanepaitskindnesstous
andbthefamiIwecanthinkofhowto

bingaboutitsgoodfOtune.Foothepeo
pIethinkofhowtohe|pthoseinneed
aoundus!andfOwithinousevesthinko

howtopeventimpopethoughtsandactionsf0maising

WeneedtofindouauItsdailandto
coectthemimmediate.IfweaeunabIe
todetectoufauItsthenwewiIthinkthat

evethingwedoisightWhenweaeun

abIetocoectoufauItsimp0vementwiIl

beimpossibeTheeaemaninteIigent
peopeinthewodwhocannotimpovein

eithetheicuItivationofmoaIitandvitues
ointheiwok.Theiiuesinthislifeae

owedtoasingIewod:Iaziness.

Tianqi!theteachingsofWlasteungu
aemostwothpofOundeaI!andpope
IhopethatouwilIeanthemwelIand
Z7

pacticethemdiligentIUseoutimewiseI
anddonotetitsIipbinvain

Z8

THESECOIDLESSON:
WASTOREF0R

DuingtheSpingAutumnpeiod
ChinawasdividedintoseveaIsmaIIna

tionsanpestigiousadvisesothese

nationsweeabIetoaccuateIpedict
whetheapesonsfutuewouIdbefotu
nateounfotunatebasedontheiobse

vationofthatpesonsspeechandbehav-

iobanoftheseaeecodeding
adUa

AsauIetheeaesignsthatsignaI
impendingdangeothecomingogood
fotuneThesesignsisingfomwithinae

duetoonesthoughtsandfeeIingsbeing
eveaIedinhisohebehavioIUsualIa
pesonismoefotunatewhentending
towadkindnessbutinvitestoubIewhen

tendingtowadcueItOdinapeople
29

oftendonotknowwhatiseaIIhappen

ing.ItisasitheivisionweebIued
Sincethecannotseethetuththe
cIaimthatgoodfotuneandmisfotune
aeunpedictabIe
Whenweaesinceeandhonestou
heatswilIaccodwiththewiIIofHeaven.

BobsevingougoodnessotheswiIlbe
abIetofOeseethecomingofgoodfo-

tune;andbobsevingouimmoaIit

thewillfOeseeappoachingmisfotune
Ifwewishtogaingoodotuneandavoid
misfOtuneswefistneedtoeombe
foeweeventaIkaboutdoinggood
deeds

Theeaetheewastoefomou

fauItsFistwemustbeabetoeeI
ashamedThinoalIoftheancientsages

andvituouspeopIewhosenamesand

teachingshaveIastedfohundedsof
30

geneations.TheweepeopIejustIIke
usbutwhismnamewothIessIIkea
bokenoof-tIIe?

WeaecIIngIngtowoIdIdesiesSecetIwedomanimpopethingswhie
thInkingotheswllInotknowaboutthem
andthenaeshameIessIpoudofou
seIvesIOnedawewiIbebonasan

anImaIwithouteaIizlngItTheeisnoth
IngeIseinthewoIdthatcasfomoe
shameandemosethanbehaviosuchas

thisvlencusoncesaIdshameIsthe
mostImpotantwodInapesonsIif
Wh?BecauseonewhoknowsshamewiII
putfothhisohebestef0tsIntoco-

ectingfautsandwiIIeventuaIIattaIn
sagehoodobecomeavituouspeson

OnewhodoesknowshamewiIIbejust
IIkeananImaI:unestainedandimmoaI

ThisiStheketocoectIngouauIts.
31

Thesecondwatoeomistoknow
eaCeIestiabeingsandeathIspiits
hoveoveouheadsinobsevation.

Theeisnowaoustodeceivethem

Evenwhenmwongdoingsaedoneina

conceaIedpacethebeingsandspiitso
HeavenandEathaepesentandseea

mfauItsIfmbaddeedsaeseious
thenaIlkindsofadvesitieswiIbefalme

IfmfauItisminoitwiIstiIeducem
cuentgoodfotune.HowcanInotfeel
fea?

Evenwhenweaeaoneinouoom

thebeingsandspiitswatchusvecae

fuandec0devethIng.Evenifwet
toconceaIouimpopeactswithcIeve

speechthespiitsandceIestiabeings
canseeintoouheatsasceaIassee

ingintooulungs0ive.UItimatewe
cannotdeceiveousevesIotheswee
32

toseeoubehaviowewouIdfindou-

selvesshamedSo/howcanwenotbe

constantIcautiousooueveaction
andnotbefeafuoftheconsequences

themightevoke?
Howeveas0ngaswestilhaveone
beathIeft!wehavethechancetoeget
eventhewostdeedsTheeaecasesin

hist0wheepeopIewhohadcommitted
numeousbaddeedsbutwhoIatedeepl

egettedthemduingtheidingmomentsweeabetopassawapeaceful

Ifapesoncanhaveadeteminedand
couageouskindthoughtatthemostim

potantmomentitcancIeanseawahun
dedsofeasofaccumulatedoffenses
ThisisIikeonIneedingoneIamptobing

IightintoavaIethathasbeendakfoa
thousandeasItdoesnotmattehow

Iongonehasbeencommittingmisdeeds
33

Ifonecanefomheosheisexcep
tionaI!

Weiveinaconstantchangingand
chaoticwodOubodiesmadeoffIesh

andbIoodaepeishabIeIounext
beathdoesnotcomethenthisbodwill

noIongebeapatous.Thenevenif
wewanttoeOmitwouIdbetooate

Whenwecommitaw0ngdoingou
etibutioninthiswoIdisabadeputationthatwiIIlastfohundedseventhou

sandsofeasEvenfiIialandIovingde
scendantscannotestoeouhonoThen

inafutueIife!wemightendupinheII

suffeingimmeasuabIepainWheneven
thesagesvituouspeopleBuddhasJand
Bodhisattvascannothelpusescapefom

oubadconsequenceshowcanwenotbe
afaid?

Thethidwatoefomistohavea
34

deteminedandcouageousheatWhen
wehesitatetoeomoufautsbecause

wedonotealwantt0changeweae
contentwithwhatwecangetawawith
FoaefOmtotakepIacewemustbe

esoIuteandesoIvetochangeimmedi

ateIWeshouIdnothesitateopostpone
untitomoowothedaafte
AminoaultisIikeathonpiecing
oufIeshandshouIdbequickIemoved
AbigfauItisIikeoufingebeingbitten

bapoisonoussnakeWemustquickI
cutoffthefingetopeventthepoison
fomspeadingandkiIingusIfwecon
suItIUandeceivethewind-thunde

smboitmeansthatoustongdetemi
nationinefOmingassuesusofsuccess

IfwecanfoIIowthetheewasoshame
eaIanddeteminationtoefomthen
wewiIIsueIbetansomedTheeisno
35

needtowoItwiIhappenasassuedI

asthespingsunwiIImeItaIaeofice
TheeaeaIsotheemethodsofpac-

ticetoheIpusefomThefistischang

ingthoughbehaviothesecondischang-

ingthougheasoningandthethidis
changingfomtheheatTTingtofoce
ouseIvestosuppessoufauItsisex

temeIdiicuItbecausewehavenot

pemanentupootedoufauItsmee
tempoaiIcubedthemTheefoe!
changingthoughbehaviocannotheIpus
topemanenteliminateoufaults
Insteadwecanttoefombun-

destandingwhweshouldnotdosome-

thingOexampIekiIingTbIoveaIIIiv

ingthingsisavitueofHeavenUnde
standingthatalIIivingbeingsIoveIifeand
feadeathJhowcanIbeatpeacewith

mseIfbtakinganothesIifetonutue
36

mown?Attimesanimassuchasfisho
cabsaecooledaIiveSuchpainandsuf

feingeachdownintotheivebones
HowcanwebesocueI?

Whenweeatweusemanexpensive

andtastthingstonouishouselves
enoughtofiI|thewhoIediningtabIe!But
oncethemealisdoneeventhebestdeIi-

cacieswiIIbecomebodwasteandbeex
cetedTheesuItofouiIingaccom

plishesnothingConsumingvegetaian
foodscanfiIlandnouishusjustasweI.

WhIetoustomachsbecomeagavead
andeduceougoodfotuneth0ughkiI
ing?

ThinkofaIIthe|ivingbeingswithfIesh
andbIoodLikeustheaeseIfawae

Theandweaeoneentit.Althoughou
cultivationofvituehasnoteteached
thestatethatwiIIenabIethesebeingsto
37

espectusandfeesaeaounduswe
canatIeastnothamthemomakethem

hateusIwethinkaboutitwewiIInatu

aIIfeeIsoowfotheseanimaIsand
thusbeunabIetoswaIIowtheiIesh

AnotheexampIeofchangingthough

easoningisaneasiangeedpesonHe
oshecanstopandthinkthatweaIhave

oustengthsandweaknessesIfItouch
onsomeonesweaknessIshouIdeesad

abouttheifaiIingandfogiveanshot

comingsIfsomeoneoffendsmefono
easonataIIitisthatpesonspobIem

andhasnothingtodowithmeTheeis
noeasonfometobecomeang

IaIsothinkthatnogeatheothinIs

thatheosheisalwasightodoin-

teIligentpeoplebametheifaultsonoth
esWhenthingsdonotgothewawe

wishitisbecausewehavenotcutivated
38

ouvituesandmoaIsandhavenotac
cumuIatedenoughmeitstomoveothes!

WeshouIdaIwasefectuponou
seIvesfistInsodoingciticismcanbe
comeataininggoundtoefineoucha

acteandtostengthenouabilitiesWe

shoudbevegladtoacceptsomeone
esesciticismandguidanceWhatis

theetobeangandcompIainabout?
LiIewiseintheaceofslandeweshouId

maintainthemindofstiIInessAIthough

thesIandeousumosandtaIebeaing
speadIikeahugefieIikeatochthe
wiIIeventuaIIbunthemseIvesout

Ifwebecomeangandttodefend
ouseIveswhensIandeeditwouIdbeIike

thespingsiIkwomspinningitsownco

coonandsuffocatingitseIfBecomingangdoesnotbenefitus;ithamsus
TheeaeothefauItsandoenseswe
39

canchangeIfweundestandthepinci-

pebehindtheneedfoefom!wewi

notepeatoumistakes.
Whatdoeschangingfomtheheat
mean?AIthoughwehavethousandsof

difeentfauIts!thealstemfomthe
heatfomthemindImheatisstiIof
thoughts!thenactionswillnotaiseand
fauItscanbeavoidedpactitionesdonot

havetottoeadicateautssuchasthe
desiefofamesexpofitoangeone

boneAIweneedisasinceeheatto
pacticegooddeeds.Asongasouheats
aevituousandkindthennatuaIIou

mindswinothaveanimpope

thoughts
Demonsdonotappeaduingthe

da.Thisistheessencetheketoou

change.SinceaImistaIesstemfomthe
heatwechangefomtheheat.ItisiIe
40

gettingidofapoisonousteeIwewant

toputanendtoitweupootitaIto-

gethesoitcannotgowagain.Whexet
ouseIvestonoavailbpuIIingoutits

Ieavesoneboneandcuttingittwigb
twig?

ThebestwatoefomoufauItsis

thoughcuItivatingouheatsfopuit
wiIIsufaceightawaImheatis
pueIcanecognizeandstopanimpopethoughtassoonasitaises.The

immoaIideawiIIdisappeathemomentI
amconsciousoit

IIamunablet0succeedatefoming
mfauItsthoughchangingtheheat
thenIwiIItattheIeveIofundestand-

ing!knowingtheeasonswhIneedto
makethechangeIfIcannotsucceed

withthis!thenIwiIttoefomb
changingthoughbehavioThebestwa
41

istocuItivatetheheatandundestand

theeasonsbehindtheneedtochange.It

isooishifweignoethebestwathatis
toefomomtheheatandconfineou-

sevestotheinfeiowaofefoming
thoughbehavio.

ButevenwhenwevowtochangeassistanceisneededtotuefomWewi

needconstantemindesfomgenuine

fiendswhowitnessouactionsineve
daife.Asfoougoodandbad

thoughtswecanaskthebeingsandspi
itsofHeavenandEathtobeouwit

nessesWea|soneedtobedi|igentandto

sinceeegetdaandnightIfwecan
honestegetfoonetotwoweeks!one
totheemonthstheninthiswaweae
assuedofattaininggoodesutsbenefits.
Whataethebenefitsofcontition?

Wemafeevemuchateaseandou
4Z

heatsmafeeIightandgeneous.An

unintelIigentpesonmasuddenbecome

wise.Anothemightmaintainaceaand
eaxedmindeveninadistubingand

confusingenvionment.0umindswiIIbe
moeceaandoucompassionwiIin

ceaseenabingustonoIongeeeIange

uponseeinganenemwhiIeweemain
happ.

WemadeamospittIngoutback
thingsofhavinganclentsagesovituous
peopIeencouageandescotusowe

madeamoffinglnspace.Wema
deamofcoIofuIpennantsandonateI

decoatedcanopiesSuchphenomenaae
indicationsofasuccessfueomanda

dissovingofpastoffensesHowevewe
mustnotconsideseeingthesephenom-

enaassignsofpeectionInsteadwe
mustesovetofutheimpoveouselves
43

andwokevenhadetoefom

AnexampIeisBouuAttwentM
hewasaIeadmindfuIofhisfauItshad

anazedthemandtiedtothooughl
coectthemAttheageoftwent-one

hefeItthathestiIIhadnotcompete
coectedaIIofthem.Attwent-two!he
fetasiftwent-onewaswastedwithout
anealimpovementThusJeaafte

eahecontinuedtocoecthisfauIts
WhenheeachedfitBoustiIIfeltthat
thepastfot-nineeasweefiIIedwith
wongdoingsThiswashowpaticuaou

ancestosweeegadingthecoectionof
fauIts|

WeaeaIIjustodinapeopIewithmis
taesasnumeousasapocupine,sspines
Oftenwhenwe|ooI(backIwedonoteven
seeoufautsbecauseweaecaeIessand

donotknowhowtoeectonouactionsIt
44

isasifacataactisgowinginoueeII

theseaesmptomsofhavingaccumuIated

toomanofenses!OuheatsmafeeIcon
fusedandoppessedIackingenegWewiII
becomeextemeOgetfuIandfiIIedwith
woiesevenwhennothingishappeningfeeI
embaassedanddepesseduponmeetinga

vituouspesonobecomedispIeasedat
heaingpopeeasoningWhenkindtooth
eswewiIbemetwithhostiIitWema

havenightmaeswheeevethingisupsidedownandtaIkincoheentIandbehaveab

nomaITheseaealIsignsofmisfOtune
IfwehaveanothesesmptomsJwe

mustimmediateIeinfOce0uwiIIpoweto
coectaIIofoufauItsItisnecessato
statanewandnotdelaI

45

THETHIRDLESSOI:

THEWASTO

CU<TIVATEGOODNESS

WeeadinIqamiIieswhope-

fOmgooddeedswiIaccumulatepospeit
thatcanoutlastmangeneationsAnex-

ampIeistheanfamiIBefOethemaied
theidaughtetothemanwhowastobe
Confuciussathe!theinquiedaboutthe

famiIAftefindingthatthepacticed
goodnessandaccumuIatedvituesthean
famiIeItconfidentthattheweemaing
theidaughteintoaamiIthatwouldpos-

peandhave0utstandingdescendants
InanotheexampeConfuciushad

paisedShunfOhisnIialpietbsaing:
DuetohisgeatfiIiaIpietandsinceit
ShuncouIddeepImoveevenhisancestos

toaccepthisofeingHisaccumuIationof
46

meitsandgoodOItunewoudastfOman
geneationsThispincipeisconfimedb
manexampIes

TheOIIowingaesomeadditionaexam

pIesofhowmeitscanbeattainedthough

pefOminggooddeedsInFUjianpovincea
mannamedRongangheldapositioninthe
ImpeiaICoutastheEmpeosteache

Rongangsancestosweeboatpeopewho
madeaIivingbheIpingpeopecossthe
iveOneeaastomIastedsoIongthat
vioIentfIoodingsweptawapeopeanimas
housesIandbeIongings

Theotheboatestookadvantageofthe

situationtocoIIectthenoatingbe|ongings

0nIRongangsgandfatheandgeat
gandfatheescuedthedowningpeopIe
andignoedthebeIongingsTheboates

laughedandthoughtthetwotobeveOoI
ishLatewhenRongYang!sathewas
47

bonthemigaduaIIbecameweaIth
OnedaaheavenIbeingwhohadmani-

estedasaTaoistmontoIdthefamithat
duetotheiancestos!accumuIationohid

denmeitstheidescendantswouIdenjo
weaIthandpominenceHethensuggesteda
speciaIpIacewheethecouIdbuildthean

cestatombThefOIIowedhissuggestion.
TOdaitiscaIIedtheWhiteHaeGave

ShotafteRongangwasbonHe
passedtheimpeiaexaminationwhenhe

wasonItwenteasodandateeceived
theimpeiaIappointmentoasteTheEm-

peoevenbestowedthesameimpeiaIhon
osonhisgandfatheandgeatgand

theTOdahisvituousandpospeousde
scendantsaestiIpominent

ZichengangfomtheZhejiangpovinceisanotheexampIeHewokedinthe
countcouthouseandwaskindfaiand
48

honest.OncethecountmagistatepunishedaciminaIbbeatinghimuntiIhewas

bIeedingpofuseIZichengkneItand
pIeadedwithhimtostopTheinfuiated
magistateetoteditsaIightfOouto

pIead/buthowcanInotbeangIwhenhe

hasbokentheIawIZichengepIiedthat
whengovenmentIeadesdonotfOIowthe

popepath!odinapeopIewouIdIosethei
wa.ReaIizingthisweshoudfeelsoow

andnotpIeasueatsoIvingthecaseAnd
weshouIdcetainInotbecomeangA

caseIikethiscaIledOmoeundestanding
ovedbZichengspIeathemagistate
ceasedthebeating

AIthoughZichengsfamiIwaspoohe
efusedaIIbibesIfthepisonesweeshot
ofOodhewouIdtaesomef0mhisown

hometogiveittothemevenifitmeantgoinghunghimselfOnedaitwastimeo
49

seveaInewlaivedpisonestobefedBut

ZichenghimseIfhadIitteOodIhegave

thepisoneswhathehadhisfamiIwouId
gohung;ihekepttheOodfOhisamiI
thepisoneswouIdhavenothingtoeat:an
appalIingdiIemmaHeItthatthepisones
neededthefOodmoethanhisfamiIdid.He
discusseditwithhiswifewhoaskedwhee

thepisonesweefomZiChengtoldhe
thattheweefomHangzhow

Late!Zichenghadtwosonswhoboth

heIdimpotantgovemmentpositionsHis
edestgandsonbecameViceWIinisteofthe

IIinistousticeandhissecondgandson
wasahighIpacedmembeothegovenmentstaffinSichuanpovinceThetoo

weepominentTOdaoneoftheidescen

dantsalsoagovenmentoiciaIisknown
Ohisvituousdeeds

Anotheaccounttookplaceduingthe
50

Zheng-TOngpeiodInFujianpovinceman

inteIIectuaIshadjoinedagoupoebes
TheempeoappointedImpeiaCenso

ZhangtostopthemHeticIedtheebeIs
andcaptuedtheiIeade

LateImpeiaCensoZhangdispatched
GenealXietoputanendtotheemaining
ebeIsintheeastenpatofthepovince
TheGeneaIobtainedaIistoftheinsugents

andcommandedthatwhitenagsbesecetl

giventoeveIonenotonthatlistaIongwith
instuctionstopIacethenagsontheidoos
whentheimpeiaIamcametotownHe
odeedthesoIdiesnottohamtheinno

centandwiththisonethoughtofgoodness
hesavedtensofthousandsopeopIefom

beingiIIedAsonpIacedfistintheimpeiaI
examinationsandeventuaIlbecameanad-

visototheempeoandagandsonpIaced
thidintheimpeiaIexaminations
51

AnotheexampIeistheLinfamiIinFu
jianpovinceAmongtheiancestoswasa

vegeneouseIdeIadEveIdashe
madeicebalIsfOthepooandgaveawa

asmanasthewantedAnImmoItaIwho
manifestedasaTaoistmonkcamedailO

theeeasandalwasaskedfOsixo
seven.HeceaseIessgeneositconvinced
himofhedeepsinceit.
HetoIdhe:IhaveeatenouicebaIls

Otheeeasandhavedonenothingto

showmgatitudepehapsIcandosonow
OntheIandbehindouhouseisagood

pIacefOougaveIfouaepIacedthee

whenoudiethenumbeofoudescen
dantswhowiIIhaveimpeiaappointments

wiIIequaIthenumbeoseedsinapoundof
sesameseeds.HesonOIowedhissugges-

tionThefistgeneationaethatnine

menpassedtheimpeiaexaminationsandit
5Z

continuedthatwafOgeneationsItwas

saidinFujianthatthesunameoLinwas

aIwasonthelistofthosewhohadpassed
theimpeiaIexamination

AnotheexampIeisFengthefathe
oftheimpeiaIhistoianZhuoanFengOne

wintemaneasagoFengwasonhis

watoschoowhenhesawsomeoneIingin
thesnowFindingthatthemanwasbaeI
beathingJhequickItooIoffhiscoat

wappeditaoundtheman!caiedhimbacI
home!andevivedhimThatnight!Zhuoans
fathedeamtthataheavenIbeingtold
him:OutofcompIetesinceitJouhepeda

dingmanThisisageatvitueIwiIhave
thefamousGeneaIQiHanoftheSongD

nasttobeebonasousonLate!
ZhuoanwasbonandwasnamedQi

AIso!theewasingaIlinistewho

livedinTaizhouWhenhewasounghe
53

studiedinemotemountainaeasAtnight

heonheadthesoundsofghostsand

spiitsbutwasneveaaidofthemOne
night!heheadoneghosthappisaman-

othe:TheeisaviIIagewomanwhosehus
band|efthomeaIongtimeagoandhasnot
etunedHeinawsthinkthattheisonis

deadandaefOcinghetoemaTOmo

ownightsheisgoingtocommitsuicideand
wiIeplacemeThenIwillbeebon!

Uponheaingthis!ingimmediate
setouttoseIIsomelandthatheownedHe

eceivedtwohundedgamsofsilveOit

HethenmadeupaIettefomthedaughteinIaw,shusbandandsentittohehome

aIongwiththesiIveThepaentsknewthat
theIettewasnotintheson,shandwiting
butexaminedthesiIveandsaidThisette

mabeaIsebutthesiIveisnotpehaps
ousonisaIiveConsequent!thedaugh
5q

tein-IawwasnotfOcedtoemaAea
whiethehusbandetunedhomeandthe

coupIeesumedtheiIivestogethe

Wlingnextheadtheghostsa!oigi

naIIIwassupposedtoIeaveheeandbe
ebonbutI.ingmessedupmchance!
Theotheghostasked!whdontouget

evenwithhim?Thenstghosteplied:I
cantTheheavenbeingshaveecognized
hisgoodnessandheisgoingtoeceivea

pominentpositioninthefutueHowcanI
huthim?!

Uponheaingthis.ingbecameeven
moediIigentinpacticinggoodnessandac
cumuIatingmeitsWhenevetheewasa

amine!hegavegainfomhisstoehouses
tothosewhoneededit.HeawasheIped
eIativesinemegenciesWhenthingsdid

notgohiswaheaIwasenectedwithin
himseIfathethancomplainoothesThus
55

heaIwasquietIcompIiedwithconditions

Eventoda!hisdescendantsaepominent
AnothepesonFengzhuXuIivediniangsupovinceWhenevetheewasam
inehisweaIthfathewouldbethefistto
waivetheentontheicefiedsh0pingthat
otheweaIthpeopIew0uldfOIIowsuitHe

aIsodonatedgainfomhisstoehousesto
thosewhoweehung
Onenightheheadghostsoutsidehis

homesa!AcountschoaintheXufamiI
isgoingtopassthepovinciaIimpeiaexamination!ThiswentonfOseveaInights

andindeedthateahissonFengzhupassed
theexaminatIonAftethatFengzhu!sfathe
becameevenmoediligentinaccumuIating

gooddeeds.HepaidOtheepaiofoads
andbidgesandp0videdfOodfomonksas
weIasothepooHedidaIIhecouIdto

hepothes.SometimeIatefheheadthe
56

ghostsagain.ThesaidthepovinciaI
schoafomtheXufamiIisgoingtohoIda

highpositioninthegovenmentEventuaI
FengzhubecamethegovenoofZhejiang
Povince

AnotheexampeisIangxiTuHe
wokedinthecouthouseandwouIdspend

nightsinthepisonceIIstaIkingwiththe
inmatesInsteadofmalinganameOhim

seIfhewoudwitesecetepotstothe
lvlinisteofusticeteIlinghimwhcetain

pisonesweeinnocent.TheinistewouId
thenquestionthepisoneaccodingIand
cIeathecasesThoughTusefOts
moethanteninnocentpeopeweeeIeased
andaIothemweeextemeIgateuIto

thejudgepaisingthelinisteofusticeO
hiswisejudgment
SoonaftejI.Tumadeaepottothe

Impeiaudgesaing:Ifinnocentpeople
57

aeimpisonedheetheemustbeman
moethoughoutthecountIecommend

thatinvestigatosbesenttocheckthepisonsfOinnocentpeopleevenveeasThe
sentencescanbecanceIedtopeventthe
innocentomemaininginpisonThemin

isteJTussupeiotooktheepottothe

empeowhoageedwithTu!ssugges
tionTuwassubsequentIchosenasone

ofthespeciaIagentsinchageofeducing
sentencesOthosewhoweeOundinno
cent

OnenighthedeamtthataheavenIbe

ingcametohimandsaid:OiginaIou
didnotdeseveasoninthisIifebutthisact

ofeducingpisonsentencesfOinnocent
peopIeaccodswiththewishesoftheheavensYouwiIbebestowedwiththeesons

andthewiIIaattainhighpositionsAfte
thathiswifegavebithtotheesonswhoaI
58

becamepominent
AnotheexampIeofattaininggoode

sutsfompacticingkindnessispingBao
whoIivedinJiaxingpingwastheoungest
ofsevensonsofamagistateinAnhuiPov
inceHemaiedintotheuanamiIin

ZheiangPovinceandwasagoodfiendo
mathepingBaowasknowledgeabIeand
taIentedbutalwasailedintheexamina-

tions.HespenthistimestudingBuddhism
andTaoism

0Ice!whiIetaveingtoLaIeaohe

cametoavilageandsawatempleindie
needofepaiThestatueofGeatCompas
sionBodhisattvawaswetfomtheainthat

IeaIedthoughtheooPingtooIoutaIIhis
moneandgaveittotheAbbotsothathe
couIdestoethetempIeTheAbbotepied
ItisamajopOjectIamafaidthisisnot
en0ughpingBaothentookoutaIlhisex
59

pensivecIothesandhandedthemtotheAbbotHisseIvanttiedtopesuadehimto

Ieephisbestoutfitbutheeusedsaing:
ItdoesnotmattetomeAsongasthe

statueoGeatCompassionBodhisattvae

mainsundamaged!IdonotcaeifIhaveto
gowithoutcothes
Theabbotwithteasinhiseesex-

cIaimedtogiveupmoneandcIothingis
notdifficuIt!butoudeepsinceitistuI
aeAftethetemplewasepaiedPing
Baoaskedhisathetovisititandtogethe

thespentthenighttheeThetempes
DhamaPotectoQieIan!cameinhisdeam

tothankhimsaingSinceouhaveaccu
muIatedthesemeitsandvituesouwiII

havemangeneationsofdescendantswho
wiIleceiveimpeiaIappointments.Hisson

andgandsonbothpassedhighexaminations
andweeappointedasimpeialofficias
60

LizhifomZheiangPovinceisanothe
exampIeHistheusedtobeacIekinthe

p0vinciaIcouthouseOncewhenLizhis
fatheIeantthataninnocentmanhadbeen

giventhedeathpenaIthetiedtosavethe
mansIieWhenthepisoneheadabout

thishetodhiswie:Iamgeatindebted
tothismanwhohasspoenonmbehaIf
butIhavenowatoshowmgatitudeWiII
ouinvitehimtoouhouseandofeou

setohim?pehapsthiswiIpIeasehimand
inceasemchancestoIive
ThewifeciedassheIistenedtohise-

questJbuttheewasnoothewatoheIp

ThenextdawhenthecIekcametovisit
sheoffeedhimwineandtoIdhimofhe

husbandswishThecIekefused!butcon
tinuedtodoaIhecouIdfOthemanWhen

atastthepisonewaseIeasedheandhis
wifewenttothecIekshousetothankhim
61

Hesaid:Onewithsuchvitueasousis

tuIaethesedashowcanIshowm

gatitude?SinceoudonothaveasonaIIowmetoofemdaughteinmaiageto

oupIeaseacceptfOthisistheonwa
thatIcanepaou
ThecekacceptedandsoonafteIwadsf
sheboehimhissonLizhiHepassedthe

highesteveloftheimpeiaIexaminations

whenhewasjusttwenteasoIdandIate
wasappointedtoanimpotantgovenment

positionHissonGaogandsonLuand
geatgandsonDaIunaIIpassedtheexaminationsandeceivedimpeiaIappointments
asweII

ThesetenexampIesa||teI|ofthedeeds

cuItivatedbdifeentpe0pIeAIthoughthei
actionsdifeedtheiintentwasthesame:

topeTOmgoodnessIfwecaefuIlthink

aboutgoodnesswewileaIizethatthee
6Z

aemandifeenttpes:eaIandfaIse

honestandcookedhiddenandvisibeappaentandactuaIpopeandimpopefuI
andhaIbigandsmaIIanddificuItand

eas.Thesedifeenttpeseachhavethei
owncausesthatneedtobeundestoodIf

wettopacticegooddeedsbutdonot

lnowhowtodistinguishbetweenightand
wongwemaendupdoingmoeham
thangoodandaIofoueffOltswilIhave
beeninvain

Whataeeagoodnessandfase

goodness?IntheuanDnastagoupof
schoIaswenttovisitIlasteZhongengOne
said:WeheainBuddhismthatthekamic

ewadfOgoodandbadisIiIeashadow
fOIIowingthefOmwheeveitgoesBut
whisitthataIthoughsomepeoplepactice
goodnesstheifamiIiesanddescendantsae

notpospeous?0ntheothehandJwhiIe
63

othesbehaveimmoaII!theiamiIiesand

descendantsdoveIweI|Whathashappenedtocauseandefect?Aetheeno

standadsintheBuddha!steachings?

IlasteZhongfengepIied:Odina
peopIeaebIindedbwoIdIviewpointsand

nothavingceansedtheimindsofimpuities

aeunabIetoseecIeaIConsequentIthe
ooIuponeaIgoodnessaswongdoingand
mistalewongdoingasgoodnessThisis

veIcommontodaoeovethesepeopIe
donotbIamethemsevesOfaiIingtoundestandandunfaibametheimisfOtunes
ontheheavens

TheschoIasquestionedhowgoodand
badcouIdbemistakenoeachothe.aste

Zhongfengaskedeachofthemtoexpess
theithoughtsonwhatwasbadandgood
OnescholasaidthattoeIIatandhitothes
wasbad;toespectandteatothesina
64

poIitewawasgoodThemasteepIied
notnecessaiIAnotheschoasaidthat

beinggeedandtakinganothesmone
wasbadwhiIebeinggeneousandbehaving
popeIwasgoodasteZhongfengagain
epIied!notnecessaiTheemaining
schoIasaIIexpessedtheiviewsonwhat

wasbadandgoodbutthemasteaIwas
concIudednotnecessai
asteZhongfengthensaid:Tbdo

thingsfOthebenefitofothesisgood;todo
thingsfOseIfbenentisbadIfwhatwedo

is0thesakeofbenefitingothesthenit

doesnotmatteifweelIatohitthem;itis
stiIIgood.ButifouintentionisfOseIf

benefitthenegadIessofouappeaanceof
espectandcouItesitisbad

pacticinggoodnesssoleItobenefit
0thesisconsideedpubIicbenefitandiseal
goodnessIfweonIthinkofouseIveswhile
65

doinggoodactsthenthatisconsideedpi
vatebenefitandisfaIsegoodnessWhen

goodnessspingsfomtheheat!itiseaI

goodnessButJwhenwedosomethinggood

justbecauseothesaedoingsoitisfaIse
Whenwedogoodwithoutexpectingan-

thinginetunitiseaIgoodnessButwhen
wepacticegooddeedsfOsomepupose
othethantobenefitothesitisaIseThose

whowishtopacticeeagoodnessneedto
consideaIlthesedifeences

Whataehonestgoodnessand

ookedgoodness?PeopIetodaotenIook

uponanextemeconsevativeandnice
pesonasgoodandkindHowevethean
cientsagesandviItuouspeop|ehaveshown
thatthepefeedthosewhoweeaspiing

anddignifiedsfOthosewhoappeatobe
compliantandcaefuIintheiactionseve-

onemaIikethembutsagesoftenspeakof
66

themasthievesofvitueFomthiswe

canseethattheviewpointofodinapeopIe

ongoodandbaddifesgeatIfomthatof
sagesandvituouspeopIe
Becauseofthis!oujudgmentcoudbe

eoneousBeingsandspiitsoHeavenand
EaIthaIIIookupongoodandbadomthe

sameviewpointasthesagesandnotthatof
odinapeopleTheeOewhenwewishto
accumuIatemeitswemustnotgiveinto

geedobeafectedbthethingsaoundus
Assoonasimpopethoughtsaiseweneed
tobeawaeofthemandthenpuithem.

HonestgoodnessistobeespectuIand
comesfomthethoughttosinceeIheIpaII
othesCookedgoodnessistoactwithout

sinceitandaisesfomthethoughttonatte0thestoobtainwhatwewantToIove

othesishonestandtohateothesandbe

jeaIousiscooedThesealIneedtobeve
67

caefuIdientiated

Whataehiddengoodnessandvisibe

goodness!7Goodnessishiddenwhennoone
knowsaboutitandvisibIewhenougood

actsaeknownbothesThosewithhidden
vitueswiIlnatuaIbeknownbtheheav
ensandbeewadedThosewhopactice

visibIegoodnesswiIlbeInownbpeopIeand

enjofameFameitseIfisgoodOltunebut
HeavenandEathshunfameThosewho

havegeatfamebutacIthevituetosup-

potitwilleventualencounteovewheImingadvesitiesThosewhohavenotdone
anthingwongbutaefaIseIaccusedwiII
havedescendantswhowiIsuddenIbecome

pospeousandsuccessuIFomthis!wecan
seehowimpotantitistoundestandhidden
andvisibIegoodness

Whataeappaentgoodnessandac-

tuaIgoodness7IntheSpingAutumnpe
68

iodthecountofLumadeaIawthate
wadedthosewhopaidtheansomtofee
theifeIlowcitizenswhoweeseIvantsIaves

AtthattimeConfuciushadaichstudent

namedZigongwhoathoughhepaidthe

ansomtofeepeopIedidnotacceptthe
ewadfOdoingso

WhenConfuciusheadthishewasve
unhappandscoIdedhim:iiouacted

wongWhensagesandvituouspeopIedo
something!itistoimpovemoaIitand
teachpeopIehowtobehaveWedonotdo

somethingOself-benefitoeputationIn
LuthepoooutnumbetheweathSince
ouefusedtheewadotheswiIIthinIthat

acceptingewadmoneisbeinggeedand
ifthishappens,noonewiIIpatheansom
tofeeoupeople

AnothestudentofConfuciusZiIuonce
sawamandowningintheiveandescued
69

himLatethemanthanedhimbgiving
himacowWhenConfuciusheadthatZiIu

hadacceptedthegifthewashappand
saidinthefutuepeoplewiIbeeageto
helpthosewhoaedowning

IntheeesoodinapeopIeZigongs
eusaotheewadmonewasgoodfwhiIe

ZiIu,sacceptanceofthecowwasn0t.Who
wouIdhaveexpectedConfuciustopaiseZiIu

andscoIdZigong?Fomthiswecanseethat

thosewhopacticegooddeedsmustnotonI
considethecuentoutcomebutthatofthe

futueasweIINeitheshouIdweonIcon-

sideouowngainandlossbutthinkabout

theimpactmadeonothes
Whatwedonowmabegoodbutin

timemapovehamfuThuswhatseems

IilegoodnessmaactuaIbebad.What

appeastobebadmaactuaIhavepositive

Iong-temefectstuningouttohavebeen
70

goodaeaIThuswhatseemsiIeabad
deedmaactuaIlbegoodnessFoexam

pleappaentesponsibiIitmabeactua

iesponsibiitappaentpopietmabe
actuaIimpopietappaenttustwothiness

mabeactuaIuntustwothinessandappa
entkindnessmabeactuaunIindnessWe
needtocaefudifeentiatetomakepope
choices

Whataepopegoodnessandim

popegoodnessll?WeniLuwasapime
inisteintheingDnast.Whenhegew

oIdheetiedtohishometownwheehe
wasweIIIovedandhighIespectedOncea

dunkenviIIagewenttohishomeandbegan

toelIinsuItsathimWILucaImItoIdhis
sevantthismanisdundontaguewith
himWiththathecIosedthedooandig

noedtheonsIaughtoinsuIts

Aeaatethesamemancommitteda
71

gavecimeandwassentencedtodeath

HeaingthisLuemoseuIsaid:If

onlIhadtakenhimtotheauthoitiesfO
punishmentthatdapehapsaittIedisci
pIinecouIdhavepeventedthisAtthetime
IwastingtobekindbutIinadvetentl
encouagedhisaoganceandcueItNow
hehasbeensentencedtodeathThisisan

exampIeofhavinggoodintentionsbutdoing
somethingbad

TheeisalsoanexampIeofthosewho

achievedgoodnessaIthoughthehadacted
fomimpopeintentions.Onceaneadev
astatingfaminepeopeweeeducedto

steaIingfOodinboaddaIightAweaIth

famiepotedthistotheauthoitieswho
didnothing.Asthepoogewmoedaing
chaoswasimminentTheamitalingthe
awintotheiownhandscaughtandpun
ishedthethievesInthiswa!peacewas
72

estoedandthetheftsweetoppedIfthis
hadnotbeendonechaoswouIdhave

eupted

WeaIlknowthatgoodnessispopeand
wongdoingisimpopeHowevetheeae

caseswheedeedsdoneoutogoodintentionsesuItedinbadThisiscaIedtheim

popewithinthepopeTheeaeaso
deedsdoneoutofimpopeintentionsthat

esuItedingoodThisiscaIedthepope
withintheimpopeWecanbenefitfom
undestandingthis.
WhataehaIfgoodnessandfuIIgood
ness?WeeadinIpeopIewhodo
notaccumuIatevituousdeedswiIInot

achievehonowhiepeopIewhodonotac-

cumuIatebaddeedswiIInotbingaboutsef

destuctionAndfomokoDywe
IeanthattheIastempeooftheShang
DnastcommittedhoibIecimesThe
73

dnastendedwithhisdeathItisIikecoI-

IectingobjectsinacontaineWithdiIigence
itwiIlsoonbefuIIbutifweaeIazJthenit

wilIbeonlhaIfuIIThisisanexampleof
uIIandhaIgoodness
OnceawomanvisitedaBuddhisttempIe
andwishedtomaI(eadonationBeingex-

temelpoosheonIhadtwocentsbutshe
feeIgavethesetoamonITohesupise
theabbothimseIcametoheIpheegetfO

pastofensesandtodedicatehemeits
LateshewaschosentoentetheimpeiaI

paaceandobtainedwealthandpestige
CIadinheichessheetunedtothetem-

pIetomakeadonationthistimebinginga
smalIfOtuneTOhedismatheabbotsent
anothemonktohelpdedicatehemeits

Shedidnotundestandandquestionedthe

abbot:InthepastJIondonatedtwo
centsetoupesonaIlhepedmeeget
74

mpastofensesTodaJIhavebought
muchmonebutouwiIInotheIpmepe
fOmmmeitdedicationWh?

TheabbotepIied:AIthoughougave
onIaIittIeinthepastitcamefomatue

andsinceeheatItwasnecessaIfOmeto
epaousinceitbpesonaIpefOming
oudedicationsTOda!oudonationis

muchgeatebuttheheatofgivingisnot
assinceeTheeOeitisenoughthatm

studentpefOmoudedicationsfOou
Thisisanexampleofhowthousandsofsil-

vecoinsaeonIconsideedhaIfgoodness
andtwocentsaewhoIegoodness

AnotheexampIeisofZhongIiQuan!an

immotalwhowasteachinghisstudentthe

atotansfOmingionintogoldThe
wouIduseittoheIpthepooThestudent
DongbinaskedhisteacheifthegoIdwoud
evechangebacktoion.ZhongIisaidafte
75

nvehundedeasitwiIIetuntoitsoigi

naIfOmDongbinepIiedthenIdonot
wanttoIeanthisatfOitwiIIhamthose

whopossessthegoldinfivehundedeas
ZhongIisaid:T0becomeanimmotaIone
mustcompIetetheethousandvituous

deedsWhatouhavejustsaidcamefoma

tulindheatoutheethousanddeeds
aefulnIedThisisaccountisanotheex-

amp|eofwholegoodnessandha|fgoodness
Whenwepe1Omagooddeeditisbest
nottoattachtowhatwehavedoneIfwe

pacticeinthiswathenaIIofougood
deedswiIleachfulfiIImentandsuccess.But

iweaIwasthinkofthegoodthatwehave
doneasweIookOaewad!thennomat

tehowdiligentIwepacticeevenf0an
entieietimethedeedswiIIstiIIbeconsid
eedhagoodness

FoexampIewhenwedonatemone
76

wecanpacticepuedonationWedonot
lingeonthethoughtoIwhoisgivingon
theimpotanceoftheohjectthatisgiveno

theecipientWesimplgiveoutotuesin
ceitandespectWhenwepacticepue

donationonepoundoficecanbinginnnite
goodfOtuneandthemeitsfomgivingone

centcanwipeawathetansgessionsoa
thousandeonsBut!ifweaIwasthinkofthe

goodthatwehavedoneandexpectewads
fOouactionsthenevenadonationoone
milIiondoIaswouIdnotbingustheewad

ofafuIIgoodf0ItuneThisisanothewa

ofexpIainingwholegoodnessandhalfgoodnesso

Whataebiggoodnessandsma

goodness7OnceanimpoltantofnciaI
ZhongdaWeiwasIedintotheundelwoldO
judgment.WhentheecodsthattheJudge
hadodeedtobeboughtoutaived
77

Zhongdawasastoundedatthecoutad
fiIedwithhisbadecodsandthesingIe
scoIIofhisgooddeedsTheoficialthen

odeedthemtobeweighedSupisingl
thebadecodswhichhadfiIIedthecout

adweelightethanthesinglescoIIo
gooddeedsthatwasasthinasachopstick!

ZhongdaaskedthejudgeJIambaeIfOt
easoIdhowcoudIhavecommittedso
manofenses?Thejudgeansweed
WhenougiveisetoasingIethoughtthat
isimpope!itisconsideedabadofense
theeandthen;itdoesnothavetobeca

iedouttobecountedasawong

Zhongdathenaskedthejudgewhatwas
ecodedonthesingescoIIThejudgee-

pIied:OncetheempeopannedtobuiIda
geatstonebidge.ouopposedthepDject
duetothehadshipsitwouldcausethetens
ofthousandsofpeopIeneededfOthewok
78

ThisisacopofouobjectionZhongda
said:IdidmakethepoposaIbuttheem

peodismisseditandpoceededwiththe
pOjectWhatIsaidhadnoefectonthe
matteHowcanitbeasomuchweight

againstalImofenses?

Thejudgeepied:AIthoughtheempeoeectedousuggestionouone

thoughtoIindnessf0aIIthosepeoplewas

vegeatIftheempeohadacceptedou
idea!thenthegoodpeOmedwouIdhave
beenevengeateTheefoewhenoneis
deteminedtodogoodfOthebenentofaI
peope!asmaIdeedcanesuItingeatme
itsIfonethinksonaboutbeneitingone-

seIfthenevenifmandeedsokindness

weepefOmedthemeitswouldstilIbe
smaII

WhataedificuItgoodnessandeas

goodness?SchoIasothepastsaidthat
79

onewhowishestoconquegeedanddesie

shouIdbeginwithwhatismostdimcultto
ovecomeWhenConfuciustaIkedaboutou

cultivationofhumanitheaIsosaidtobegin
withwhatismostdiculttopacticeFo

exampleaneIdeIteacheIShuJgave

twoeassaatoapoomanwhoowed
monetothegovenmentIfthemanhad
beensenttopisonJthefamiIwouIdhave
beentonapat

AnotheexampIeisZhangwhogave
whathadtakenhimteneastosavetoa

poomanwhoowedthegovenmentmone
ThissavedthemanomgoingtoaiIand
enabedhimtoemainwithhiswieSuch

examplesastheseaeaeOthesemen

gavewhatismostdificuIttogive.Whatoth
eswoudnotsacifice!thedidsowiIingI

AlsotheewasainwhowasoId

andwithoutansons.Hisneighbosoeed
80

himtheioungdaughteinmaiagesohe
mighthavedescendantstocaonhisfam
iIJineusedtheofeandsenthe

homeThisisanotheexampIeofbeingabIe
toovecomewhatismostdiicuIttoconque
inoneseIfTheheavensshoweeddownes

peciaIIgoodfOtuneonthesetheemen

ItiseasiefOthosewhohavemone
andpowetoaccumulatemeitsandvitues

thanfOthosewhoaepooHoweveifone

efusestocuItivategoodnesswhentheoppotunitpesentsitseIthenitwouIdtu
beashameFothosewhoaewithout

weathostatusdoinggoodthingsfOoth

esisvedifncuItHoweveifonecanheIp
othesinthefaceofdificuItiesitwiIIbeeven
moevaIuabIe

TheeaemanwastoheIpothes
whenevetheoppotunitpesentsitself

ThesecanbesimpIinedintothefOIIowingten
81

impotantcategoies

1TOsuppotthepacticeoflindness

ZTOeveeloveandespect

3TOhelpothessucceedinpacticing
goodness

1TOpesuadeothestopacticekindness

5TOheIpthoseindespeateneed

6TOdeveloppubIicpOjectsfOthe
geatebenentofpeope
7TOpacticemeitsbgivingweaIth

8TOpotectandmaintainpopeteachIngs

9TOespecteIdes

10TOIoveandcheishaIIivingthings

Whatdoestosuppotthepacticeof

Iindnessmean?EmpeoShunlivedduing
seveaIthousandeasagoOnedabefOe
hebecameempeohewaswatchingsome
fishennenonLakeLeizeHenoticedthataII

theoungeandstongefishementoothe
8Z

spotswheethewatewasdeepandthefish
weeabundantwhiIethosewhoweeode

andweakeweeIeftwiththeapidsand

shaIlowwatewheetheeweeveIYw
fishWhenShunsawthishesmpathized
withtheodefishemenHejoinedinthe

ishingandwhenevehesawoungefish
emengabthegoodspotshesaidnothing
Butwhenevesomeieldedtootheshe

paisedthemevewheehewentandemu
latedtheihumbeandpolitemanneHedid

thisfOoneeauntiIthefishemengotin
thehabitofiedingthegoodspotsmoth
eSo

AwiseandcapablemansuchasShun

couIdhaveeasilinnuencedotheswitha

fewwodsWhdidhenotsimpsasome
thinginsteadoftingtochangeothesb

settingagoodexamp|e?Shunlspainstaking

andgoodintentionsweeIiketheexpetati
83

sanshipthatesuItsomIongpacticeand
hadwok

IntodaseaofIowmoalitsocia

beakdownandIossofpopethinkingitis
extemeIdificulttofindagoodstandadof
behavioTheeOewhenthoseaoundus

haveshotcomingswedonotuseou
stengthstopointouttheideficiencies

WhenothesaeunkindJwedonotuseou

kindnesstocompaeouseIvestothem

WhenothesaeIesscapabIewedonot
puposeIsupassthemEvenwhenweae

inteigentandcompetenttheseaetobe

kepthiddenInsteadofboastingweneedto
behaveevenmoemodestIWhensomeone
makesamistakewetoIeateanddonot

eveaIit.Thispovidestheoppotunitto
efOmwithouttheIossofsef-espect

Whenweallowothestokeeptheidig
nitthewiIIbeevenmoecaefuIoffutue

actionsWhenweseestengthsosmall
kindnessinotheswecanIeanfomthem

andpaisethemtoothesIndaiIIifewe
canefainfomspeakingandactingwith
sefishintentionsbutinsteadseektobenefit

societ.WecanheIpsetstandadsfOothes
tofOowTheseaethequaIitiesofageat

peson;someonewhothinksofpubIicweIfaeasmoeimpotantthanhisoheown
WhatdoestoeveeIoveandespect
fOothesmean?SometimesitishadtoteII

onappeaancewhethesomeoneisanhon-

oabepesonoafaudsincefaudspe
tendtobehonoableThedifeenceisas

obviousbIacIandwhiteAsenciussaid

thedifeencebetweenhonoabIepeopIeand

odinapeopIeIiesintheiintentionsThe
heatofagenuinehonoabIepesonis

fiIledwithIovingkindnessandespectO
othes.Theeaethousandsofdieent
85

tpesopeopleinthiswoId!somecIoseto

uswhieothesaestangesSomehave
pestigewhiIeotheshavenoneSomeae
smatwhiIeothesaenotandsomeae

vituouswhiIeothesaecoupt
NevetheIess!weaeaIIhumansandae

thusaIoneentitWeshouIdneithehate
nodisespectanone

WhenouheatsaefiIledwithIoving
kindnessandespectbothesitisthe
sameasifouheatsweefiIedwithlovingkindnessandespectf0thesagesandvi
tu0uspeopeWhenweundestandand

ageewithothesJitisthesameasifweun-

destandandageewiththesagesandviItu
ouspeopIe.Wh?BecauseaIthevituous

peopIeandsageswantpeopIetoobtainwhat

thewishfOIfwecanhaveIovingkindness
andespectfOpeopIeandheIpthemto

achieveintheiendeavosweaeactingas
86

asageoavituouspeson

WhatdoesheIpingothestodogood
mean?Iwetossedasideapieceofaw

jadeitwouldemainawothessstoneBut
iwecaedandpoIishedititwouIdbe
tansfOmedintoavaIuabIeobect.Sowhen

weseepeopIewhomwefeeIhavethe

potentiatopacticegoodnessotowok
towadsapopegoaIwecanguide
suppotpaiseandencouagethemthus
hepingthemtosucceedIfotheswong
accusethemJwecanttoceatheiname

andshaetheibudenofsIande0nIwhen

wehavehelpedthembackontheieetto
becomeafunctioningpatofsocietwilwe
havefuIfiIIedouesponsibiitinheIping
othestodogood.

WIostpeopledisIiIethosewhoaediffe

entfomthemFoexampethosewhoae
badfeeIuncomOltableaoundthosewho
87

aegoodAstheeaeaIwasmoebad
peopIeaoundthangoodpeope;thosewho

aegoodoftenhavedifncutstandingon
theiownGoodpeopIehaveabiIitiesand
vituesthatenabIethemtobecomefamous

TheusuaIIpaIitteattentiontotheiappeaanceThecaneasiIbewongaccusedsostivingtodogoodtunsouttobe

achalIengeWhenthishappensitisentieI
uptovituouspeopeandeldestopotect
andheIpthosewhoaedecenttostandon

theiownThecandothisbpoviding
whatthepeopIeneedtopacticegoodness
ThemeitsofthevituouspeopeandeIdes
whodothiswiIIbegeat

Whatdoespesuadingothestopactice
kindnessmean?AshumansweaIwanto

begoodandtohaveaconsciencebutchas

ingaeweathandfamehaskeptusso
busthatwehavestoppedIisteningtoou
88

consciencesThisistheesuItohavingto

suiveinawoIdfiIedwithhadships

Whenafiendisabouttoignoehiso
heconsciencetodosomethingunwoth
wecanemindandwanthisfiendhoping
towakehimohefomdeIusionItisIike

wakingupsomeonewhentheaehavinga
nightmaeItisuptoustoshaketheminto

eaIitWhenapesonisundegoingaIong
speIIofdepessionwecanpuIIthispeon
outofitandhelptocIeahisohemind
Weaemostvituousifwecanteatou
fiendswithsuchkindness

TheschoaHanuoncesaid:Bwod
ofmouthonecanonIpesuadeandinfIu
enceothesfOawhiIeIfonecanpesuade
andinfluenceothesthoughwittenwoks

onelswodscanbepassedonfOhundeds

ofgeneationsaoundthewodDepending
onwhatisapp0piateinthecicumstances
89

wecanuseeithespeaIingowiting

TOencouagevituewecanpesuade

othesthoughspeechowitingCompaed
withteachingothesthoughbehaviothese
aemoediectandcIeaSometimeswedo

nothavetimetoteachothesthough
behavioThenvebaowitteneducation

wiIlbemoeefectiveHoweveifwecan

appIitIiIetheightmedicinefOanilness!
oftenitwiIpovetohavewondefulefects

TheeOewecannotgiveupIfwemae

themistaeofIosingapesonitwas
popefOust0guidethispesonbutwedid

notowastingouwodsitwasimpope
fOustopesuadethispesonandwetied
to)weneedtothinl(andnndthewisdomnot
toepeatthemistake

Whatdoeshelpingthoseindespeate
needmean?peope0ftensufefomseiousdiicutiesIfwemeetsomeoneIikethis!
90

thenweimmediateIheIpthatpesonasif

weweetheonewhowassufeingIfape

sonhasbeenwongIaccusedoconvicted
thenweshouIdpeadontheibehaIfasweII
asheIpinanwawecanTheschoIaCui
Zioncesaid:Itdoesnotmattewhethea

favoisbigosmaIWhatisimpotantis
thatitisdoneatatimewhenothesneedit

most.TheseaewodsofIovingkindness

WhatdoesdevelopingpubIicpOjectsfO
thebenefitofothesmean?SmaIconstuc

tionwoksaeneededfOviIIagesandbig
constuctionjobsaeneededfOcitiesAs

ongastheheppe0pIetheshoudbe
buiItPubIicpOjectscanbetheconstuction

osstemstoiigateamlandsdamsto
peventIoodingobidgestofaciIitate
taveI.AIso!wecangivefOodowateto

thosewhoaehungothistWheneve

wehavetheoppotunitweneedtoinspie
91

othestodotheishaeaswelItoheIpac

compIishthepOjecteithethoughthe
shaingofwealthooflaboDonotbe
afaidofwhatothesmightsaobecome

discouagedwhenthejobbecomesdifncult
DonotaIlowthejealousandhatedofothestoweakenouesoIvetodowhatisvi
tuOuS

WhatdoesaccumuIatingmeitSand

goodfOtunebgivingwealthmean?In
BuddhismgivingisconsideedtheOemost

pacticeamongaIthemethodsWhatisgiving?Givingisettinggo.Awisepesonwho
undestandsthispincipewouIdbewilingto

giveawaevethingeventothepointof
lettinggoofouattachmentstothesixsense
oganswithinExtenaIIwecanaIsogive
awathatwhichweseeheasmeIItaste
touchandthink

WecangiveawaeveVthingWhenwe
9Z

indouselvesunabet0d0sowecanbegin

withthegivingofweaIthOdinapeople

egadtheicothingandOodasdeaIas
theiives;theeOetheconsideweaIthto
beoftheutmostimpotanceWhenwegive

spontaneouswecancuestinginesswhiIe
helpingothesindieneedHowevefo
manthisisvedificulttodoespeciaIIat
fistBut!gaduaIthemoewegivethe
moenatuaitwilIbecomeThisisthebest

watocueseIfishnessandtoeadicateattachmentsandstinginess

Whatdoespotectingpopeteachings
mean?FomiIionsoeaspopeteachings

havebeenastandadoftuthandpovided

spiituaIguidancefOaIIIivingbeingsWith
outpopeteachings!howcanwepaticipate

inandsuppotthenuItuingofHeavenand
Ealth?Withoutpopeteachings!howcan
weheIppeop|etoachieveattainment?How
93

canbeingsinaIItheealmssucceedinthei
endeavoswithoutastandadtoiveb?
HowcanwebefeeoftheFiveDesiesthe

SixDustsoudeusionsouafnictions?
Withoutpopeteachingshowcanweseta
standadinthewodandheIppeopIetanscendtheSixRealms?

WheneveweseeWapIacesmemoi

aIsopictuesofpastviltuouspeopIeo

sagesoBuddhisttexts!weshouIdbee
spectfuIIftheaeinneedofepaiJwe
shoudepaithemWecanpopagateand
passonthepopeteachingsandheIpothestoeantheivaueInthiswawecan

epaougatitudetotheBuddhaWe
shouIddooubestandencouageothesto
dosoasweI|

Whatdoesespectingoueldesmean?
ItistomakeanextaefOttobeattentive

toandespectuIofpaentsoIdesibIings
94

IeadessupeioseIdesandthoseofgeat
vitueandeaningWhentakingcaeoou
paentsathomeweaetodosogentIwith
IovingheatsandobIigingdemeanosWe
shouIdnotaiseouvoicebutmaintaina

peacefuIbeaingAswecuItivatethesevi

tues!thewilIbecomeapatofusandwe

wiIlchangeintoagentIeheatedpeson
Thisisthewawecantouchtheheatsof
Heaven

WhenwokingfOousupeiosothe
govenmentweshouIdfOIIowtheuIesand

notdoaswepIeasejustbecauseousupeiosdonotknowwhatweaedoingBeOe
weconvictsomeoneofacimeegadIessof

whethethecimeisseiousonotwe

shouIdinvestigatecaefuIandbejustWe
shouIdnotabusepoweobecueIbecause
ousupeiosdonotknowwhatweaedo

ingWhenwithousupeisoweshouId
95

showhimohethesameespectasifwe

weefacingtheheavenssthepoveb

sasthisisthecoectbehaviohanded
downfomouancestosIthasanimpo

tantbeaingonouhiddenvituesLookat
aIltheamiIieswhopacticedloaItandnIial

pietTheidescendantspospeedfOaong
timeandhadbightfutuesWecanfOIow
theiexampeandpacticewithcaution
WhatdoesIovingandcheishingaIIiv

ingthingsmean?AcompassionateheaIt
makesapesonApesonseekingthevitues
ofIovingkindnessandcompassioncuItivates

hisoheheatofcompassionApesonwho
wantstoaccumuatemeitsaIsocutivatesa

compassionateheatItisstatedinko
?rsInanuawhenmostanimasbea
theioungfemaesofthespeciesaenotto
beusedfosacificiaIpuposesencius
oncesaidanhonoabIepesonwiIInotgo
96

neathekitchenThisistopotectacom

passionateheat.Ouancestosdidnoteat
meatundefOucicumstances:ithehead
thekiIIingsawtheliIlinghadtheanimaI
iIIedoaisedtheanimaIthemseIvesIfwe

cannotstopeatingmeatimmediateIwecan

beginbfOlowingtheseOuguideinesIn
thiswaweaegaduaIIinceasingou
compasson

WeshouIdnotonIefainfomkiIIing

ananimaIsbutinsectsasweIIfOtheae
aIsoivingceatuesIlanmakessikom
thecocoonsosikwomsthathavetobe
boiIedinwatewiththesiIkwomsinside.

WhenwecultivatetheIandOfaminghow

maninsectshavetobekilIed?Weneedto
beawaeofthecostinIivesinvolvedinou

fO0dandcIothingWekiIItopovidefOouse|vessotowastefOodandcIothingisas

seiousanoffenseaskiIIing.Howoftenhave
97

weunknowinglhamedosteppedona

Iivingceatue?WeshouIddooubestto
peventthisfomhappeningagainAnan-

cientgeatpoetoncewoteinIoveothe
miceweoftenleavethemsomeiceandin

pitingthemoth!wewiIInotIighttheIamp
ThisiscompassionIcannotbegintotaII(of
aIItheinnnitetpesofgoodnessIfwecan
expandthetenpeviouscategoieswecan
makethemintoamu|titudeofgooddeeds
andvitues

98

THEFOURTHLESS0I:

THEBEEFITSOFTHEVIRFUEOF
HUNILIT

InIChingthehexagamfOhumiIit
stated:TheIawsofHeaventakefomthe

aogantandbenentthehumbleTheIawso

Eathbingowingwatefomaeasthatae

fuIItothosethataeloweasitpassesb
AndtheIawsofspiitsbinghamtothose

whoaeaogantandgoodOtunetothose

whoaemodestEventheIawsofpeopIe
despisethosewhoaeaogantandpefe
thosewhoaemodest

InIqonIthehumiIithexagam
containssoeIgoodoutcomeskof

DyaIsoexpIainswhiIeaoganceinvites
disastehumiIitgainsbenent.Ioftenwent

totaketheexaminationsaccompaniedb
othesandevetimeIwouIdmeetschoIas
99

whoweevepooIeaIizedthatbefOe

thepassedtheexaminationsandbecame
pospeous!theifacesadiatedsuchhumiIitthatIfeItIcouIdaImosthoditinm
hands

SeveaIeasagotenofusfomtheviI

agewenttotaethepeiminaimpeiaI
examinationTheoungestJJinguDingwas

extemeIhumbleItoIdoneoftheappIicantsinpoFeithatJinguwouIdundoubt

edIpasstheexaminationinpoFeiasked
howIcouIdteIlandItodhim:!iOnIthose
whoaehumbIeeceivegoodfOltuneWI

fiendIookatthetenofusIstheeanone
ashonestgeneous!anduncompetitiveas

ingu?Doouseeanonewhoisase

spectfuI!toeantcaefuIJandhumbIeas

ingu?DoouseeanoneIikehimwho
wheninsuteddoesnottaIkbacIowho

whenslandeeddoesnotague?Anpeson
100

whocanachievesuchhumilitwiIIeceive

potectionomtheEathHeavenandspiitsTheeisnoeasonhewiIInotbecome

pospeousSueenoughwhenthetest
esuItscameoutinguDinghadpassed
OneeainBeijingIstaedwitha
chiIdhoodfiendaizhiFengAIwashum

bIe/hehadakindandaccommodatingap-

peaanceHewasnoIongetheaogant

pesonIhadknowneasagoHisfiend
whowasvebluntandoutspokenoten
scodedhimfOhismistakes!butaizhijust

camIacceptedtheaccusationswithouttaI
ingbacIItodaizhi:Justastheeae
signsthatteIIofcominggoodOtuneomisfOtune!wecanseethatpospeitoadve-

sitcometothosewhohavecuItivatedthei
causesHeavenwiIlheIpthosewhoseheats
aehumbeoumfiendwilIdoubtless

passtheimpeiaIexaminationthisea!
101

Latehedidjustthat

TheewasaoungmannamedYueng

Zhaowhopassedthepeiminaeveofthe
impeiaIexaminationsbefOehewaseven
twent.ButtashemightJhecoudnot

passthesucceedingexaminationsWhenhis
fathemovedtoanothetowntoacceptan

othegovenmentpostYungwentwith
himandcametogeatIadmieaweII
knownschoIaintheviIlageuengbought
hiswoltotheschoIawhopickeduphis

caIIigaphbushandmademancoections
totheessaotonIwasYuengnotangV

hegateuIIacceptedaIIofthecoections

andimmediatemadetheecommended

changesTheOlIowingeauengpassed
theimpeialexamination

OneeaIwenttothecapitaItopam

espectstotheempeoandmetaschoIa
named]iansuoXiawhohada||thequaIities
10Z

ofageatmanwithoutataceoaogance
Ifelttheintenseauaofhisvitueandhu

militWhenIetunedhomeItoIdafiend:
WhenHeavenwantsapesontopospeit
nstbestowshimwithwisdomthatcanmake

apompouspesonhonestandweIIdisci
pinediansuoisgentIekindandgood
SueIJHeavenwilnowmaehimpospe

ousSueenoughwhenthetestesults
cameoutJiansuohadpassedtheexamina
tion

TheewasaschoIanamedWeian

ZhangwhowasweIeducated!wotegood
essasandwasweIIknownamongschoIas
OneeawhiIetakinghisexaminationin

NanjinghestaedatatempIeWhenthe
testesultsweepostedandhefOundthat
hehadfaiIedhebecamefuiousandIoudl
accusedtheexamineofbeingbIindtoobvi
ousta|ent
103

ATaoistmonkwhosawthisbeganto

smiIeWeianimmediateIediectedhis

angetowadsthemonkwhosaidtheessa
mustnotbegoodWeiangotevenangie

anddemandedhowheknewitwasnotgood
whenhehadnoteveneaditTheTaoist

epIiedthathehadoftenheadthatthepimaVeementinwitinggo0dessaswasa
peacefumindandahamoniousdisposition

Weian!soudandangaccusationscIeaI
showedthathismindanddisposItionwee
vioIentsohowc0uIdhepossibwitewe!
WeianacceptedwhattheTaoistsaidand
askedfOhisadvice

TheTaoistsaidthatwhetheonotone

passesdependsondestinIfsomeoneis
notdestinedtopassthennomatteh0w

goodthepapeisheoshewiIIfail.When

theTaoistconcIudedthatWeianneededto
makesomechangesWeianaskedhowhe
101

coudchangedestinTheTaoistepliedthat
aIthoughthepowetofOmoudestiniesies

intheheavenstheighttochangethemIies

withinusAsIongaswepacticegoodness
andcuItivatehiddenviItueswewiIleceive
whatweseek

WeiansaidthathewasonIapoo

schoaandquesti0nedhisabiittodopacticegoodnessTheTaoistexpIainedthat
pacticinggoodnessandaccumuatinghidden
vituesdependedontheheatAsIongas
oneintendedtopacticegoodnessandaccumuIatevituesthemeitswoudbeinfi

niteHeusedtheexampeofthevitueof

humiitthatcostnothing.Weianneededto
IookwIthininsteadofbeatingtheexamine
fbbeingunfai.WeianIistenedtotheTao

istmonkandfomthenonsuppessedhis
aoganceEvedahetiedhadeto

pacticegoodnessandtoaccumuatemoe
105

meits

Onenighttheeeasatehedeamt
thathehadenteedaveVtaIIhouseand
sawabooIwithmannamesaswelIas

manblanIIines.Heaskedthepesonnext
tohimaboutitandwastoIdthatthenames

belongedtotheapplicantswhohadpassed
theexaminationthateaWhenWeian
askedaboutaIIthebankIineshewastoId

thatthespiitsoftheundewoldcheckedon

theappIicantsevetheeeasOnIthe
namesothosewhoweefauItIessandpac

ticedgoodnessemainedinthebooIThe
b|ankIineshadcontainedthenamesofthose

destinedtopassbutduetoecentofenses
theinameshadbeenemoved

ThepesonpointedtoabIanIineand
saidthatfothepasttheeeasWeian

hadbeenvecaefuandsodiscipIined
thathehadnotmadeanmistakespe106

hapshisnamewouldfiIIthebIanI(He
hopedthatWeianwouIdvaluethisop

potunitandcontinuehisfautIessbehav
ioThateaWeianpassedtheexami

nationandpacedonehundedandfifth
Wenowknowthatspiitsandheav

enIbeingsaetheefeetaboveou
headsObtaininggoodfOtuneandpe

ventingmisfotuneisuptousAsIongas
wehavegoodintentionsefainfom
wongdoingsdonotoendthebeings

andspiitsofHeavenandEathaetoe
antandnotaogantJthenthebeingsand
spiitsoHeavenandEathwiIIeeIcom

passionfousOnIthenwiIwehavea
foundationfofutuepospeit
ThosewhoaefiIedwithconceitae

notdestinedfogeatnessEvenifthedo
pospeltheigoodfotunewiIIbeshot

IivedInteIIigentpeopIewouIdnevebe
107

naowmindedandefusethegoodfO
tunetheaeentitIedtoThosewhoae

humbIeaIwasinceasetheioppotunities
toIeanandinthiswatheigooddeeds
aeboundIess!ThosewhowishtocuIti

vateandimpovetheivituescannotdo

withoutthevitueofhumiIit.
Theancientssaid/\\Thosewhohave

theiheatssetonsuccessandfamewiII
sueIattainthemjustasthosewhohave

theiheatssetonwealthandpositionwiI
attainwhatthewishfoApesonwho
hasgeatandfaeachinggoalsisIikea
teewithootsThemustbehumbIein

evethoughtandttoeIieveothes

budenseveniftheoccuenceisasinsig
nificantasaspeckofdustIfwecan

eachthisIeveIofhumiitwewiIInatualItouchtheheatsofHeavenand
Eath
108

Iamtheceatoofmownpospeit.

LookattheappIicantswhosoughtfame
andwealthInitiaIltheweeinsincee
andwhatthesoughtwasapassingim

puIseWhenthewantedsomethingthe

soughtitbutwhentheiinteestwaned
thestoppedseekingitenciusonce

saidtotheempeoofQi:Ifoucan

expandfomtheheatthatseekspesonal
happiness!toshainghappinesswithal
ousubjectsandmakethemjustas

happasouaethensuelthenation
wiIIpospe!Thisisasotuefomein
seekingtopasstheimpeiaIexamination

IaIonecanseekandthuschangem
destin

109

THETENRECITTIOETHOD

Thissimpeconvenientandeectivewato
pacticeBuddhaRecitationisespeciaIIsuit
abIeOthosewhonndthatthehaveIittIe

timefOcultivationIthepsustobemindful
ofAmitabhaBuddhaandbingsusquietjo.

WebeginwhenwewakeupSitupstaight
andcleaIeciteAmituofOtentimeswitha
caImandfOcusedmindaloudosientWe

epeatthispocesseightmoetimesJeach
timedoingoneoundoftenecitationsRe
citeninetimesdaiIatthesetimes:

UponwaI(ingup
BefOebeakastAftebeaIast
BefOewok

BefOeunchAteIunch
BefOedinne

Aftedinne

Uponetiing

Thekeisegulait;disuptionofthispac110

ticewiIeduceitsefectivenessWhenwe

eciteconsistentwithoutinteuptionwe

wiIIsoonfeeIaninceaseinoupuitof
mindwisdomandseenitDiIigentpactice
ofthismethodtogethewithunwaveing
beliefandvowscanensuefuIiIImentofou
wishtoeachtheWestenpueLand.

111

GLOSSRv

AfnictionFannaoConditionocauseo

paindistessandsuffeingwhichdistubsthe
bodandmindThecanbethoughtsofgaIno
Ioss!ofwantingtocontoIothesofciticismo
sande.ThemIghtbewoiesdoubts!egets
etc

AmitabhaAmituo.Thenameofthe

BuddhaoftheWestenpueLand!pimaII

meanIngInfiniteLifeandInnniteLIght.ToheIpall

beingsattainBuddhahoodBuddhaAmitabhace
atedtheWestenpueLandanIdeapIaceof
cuItivationBuddhaShakamunithehistoicaI
8uddhaofouwoldJexpIainedthatpeopIeinou

agewouIdbeImmesedinafnictionsandbad
habits.DuetothisvituaIItheonhopethatwe
havetotanscendousufeingsistopope

pacticethepueLandmethodandthusbebon
intothepueLand

ttachmentsZhizhuoTheseaestong
11Z

desiesocavingsfOfamiIJIendsposses
sIonssensuouspIeasues!eoneousviewsIifeJ
theideaoftheseIfasanindividualetc
Bodhisattvapusa.Onewhohasvowedto

attainSupemepeTectEnIIghtenmentfOthem

seIvesasweIIasOaIIsentientbeingsWhiIe
BuddhassmboIzeouvituousnatuetheBo

dhisattvasandAhatsepesenttheviItueofpac
tice.Withoutthetueofpacticetheinnate
vIItuousnatuecannotbeeveaIed.

BuddhaFo.BuddhaisaSanskitwodmeanIngwisdomandenIIghtenmentABuddhaisone

whohaseachedsupemepefectionbothinseI
eaIizatlonandInheIpingothestoattainealiza

tion.TheInnumeabIeBuddhasaenotgodstobe

woshippedbutcompassIonateandwisebeingsto
beespectedandemuIated.

CauseandEectYinGuoEvethingthat
happenstousistheesuItofwhatwehave

thoughtsaidodoneWhatweundegointhis
113

litimeaetheconsequencesowhatwehad

doneinoupeviousitimeswhiIewhatwedo
nowwiIldeteminewhatweundegoinoufUtue
Iifetimes.

ConstantindulnessoBuddhamibha

GonguChengpianConstantind
fuInessisthestateinwhichwedonothavedis-

ciminatothoughtsandattachmentsAtthis

pointthemindemembestheBuddhaanddoes
notfOgethimAepoIongedcuItivationwe
ceaselessIcontempatetheBuddha
DeIusionuFalsebeieSandviews.
Itisnotundestandingthetueealit.

Dhamaa1TheteachingsoftheBuddha

geneaIIcapitaIizedinEngIish;2Things
eventsphenomenaevethingintheunivese;
and3DutIawdoctine

DustCheng.AlIthepoIutantsthatcontami
nateouTueatue.TheincludeOmsound
114

scenttastetouchandviews

FiaIpetVXiao.FiIiaIpiethaspoOund
meaningsinBuddhism.Itmeanstotakecaeof

paentsphsicaImentaIIandtofunIIthei
wishesT0futheextendandenhanceoue

spectandcaefOoupaentswehavecompas
sionfOaIIbeingsinthisw0Id

FouKindsoindnessSiEnTipIejeweIspaentsteachesaIIsentientbeings
GoodFotuneFuBao.AIlthegoodnessIn

one,sifeItmamanifestashappinessiends
famihealthIongevitinteIIigencepospeit
positionetc.GoodOtuneisthebenentofthe

humanandheaveneamsandcanbecaied

withusfomonelifetoanothebutitcannotheIp
ustotanscendeincanation

eiandtuesGngDe.eitsae
accumuatedbseIIessldoinggooddeedswith
outwandeinganddisciminatoVthoughtso
115

attachmentsandthecoectionooueoneous

th0ughtsandbehavioVituesaiseomdeep
concentationandwisdom.

phenomenaShiXiangThingsevents

happenings:evethingintheentieunivese.
oumenonisthepincipIeoessencewhiIephe
nomenaistheeventoOm.oumenonispe

ceivedthoughintuitionothoughtwhiephe
nomenaispeceivedthoughthesenses.

IoumenonisthetheoIasopposedtothephenomenathatisealit.

RetibutionBaong.Kamicpunishment
omeoneousthoughtswodsodeeds
SixReaImsiuDao.TheeuppeeaIms

aeheavensdemigodsandhumans.Thee
IoweeamsaeanimaIshunggh0stsand
he|Is.

SixSensesliuingSightSeheaing

ShensmeIIXiangtasteWei!touch
116

ChuandthoughtFaExtenaI

SutaingTeachingbtheBuddhainitia
givenvebaIIIatecompiedJandwittendown
btheBuddhasstudents.

WandeingThoughtWangxiang.Aictions
thatcloudouTueNatueTohavenowandeing

thoughtsmeanstohaveabsolutepopeandvi
tuousthoughtsnotthatoumindsaeemptof
aIlthoughts.AsodinabeIngsweuseaniIIusomIndthemindthataisesandceasesand
thathaswandeingthoughtsEnlightenedbeings
usethetuemindthatconstantIdwelIsontuth.

Thedonothavewandeingthoughtsbutdeep
concentationthestatewithoutdisclminato
wandeingthoughtsoattachments

WaVpIaceDaoChangUsuaIlcaIIeda
tempIeaplacewheeBuddhistpactitiones
cometopactice.

117

WesnPueLandeSMjieThe
woIdceatedbBuddhaAmitabhawhichisan
ideaIpaceofcuItivationfOthosewhoaebon
theeaenoIongesubjecttoeincanation.

118

DEDICIONFERIT

athemeitsandvitues
accuedfomthiswok

adontheBuddhaPueLand

epathefbukindsofkindnessabove
andeievethesuingsofthose
intheTheePathsow

athosewhoseeandheaothis
aIlbingbththeheato
undestandingandcompassion
andIivetheachings
fbthetofthisIi

Thenbebomtogethe
intheLandofUItimaBIiss

DEDITINFNERT

Nathemeandvitues
accuedomthiswok

adontheBuddhaSPuLand

epatheukindsokindnessaboveJ
andeIievethesuingsofthose
intheTheepathsIow

athosewhoseeandheaothis
aIbingththeheatof
undegtandingandmpassion
andliveeteachings
OtheestofthisIi

Thenntethe
intheLandofUItimateBIiss

THEPIRSTLESSN:

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