Abhi's Blog - The Mauryan Empire

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The Mauryan Empire
Abhijit Jadhav
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Overview
The Mauryan Empire was one of the largest empires to rule India
It was established in 321 BCE by Chandragupta Maurya and dissolved in 185 BCE with
the death of Bhrihadrata Maurya
The capital of the Mauryan Empire was Pataliputra
The Mauryan Empire is known for the Arthasastra by Kautilya (Chanakya), the Rock
Edicts of Asoka, and the Lion Capital of Asoka at Sarnath which today serves as the
emblem of India
Archaeologically, the Mauryan period falls within the era of Northern Black Polished Ware
(NBPW)
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The Mauryan Empire at its greatest extent under Asoka
Reform
The Mauryan Empire originated from the kingdom of Magadha (modern Bihar, West
Bengal)
At its greatest, the Empire encompassed almost the entire Indian subcontinent and parts
of Central Asia

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It stretched to the north along the Himalayas, to the east into Assam, to the west into
Afghanistan, and to the south up to northern Tamil Nadu/Kerala
The Empire did not include the Chera, Chola and Pandya kingdoms in the far south.
Instead, these kingdoms enjoyed friendly relations with the Mauryan Empire
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The Mauryan Empire

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IMPORTANT PERSONAGES OF THE MAURYAN EMPIRE
Answers
1. Chandragupta Maurya
1. Born circa 340 BCE, died c. 298 BCE
Indian History : Solved Paper (U.P. P.C.S.
2. He was the founder of the Mauryan Empire

3. He was known in Greek and Latin accounts as Sandrokyptos, Sandrokottos or
Androcottus
Indian History : Solved Paper (RAS/RTS (Pre.)
4. He established the empire by overthrowing the Nanda dynasty of Magadha under Dhana
Nanda
5. Chanakya was the Prime Minister of Chandragupta while Rakhshasa was his chief
advisor
6. Starting from Magadha, he expanded westward by defeating the Greek satrapies
established by Alexander the Great.Chandragupta Maurya skillfully exploited the power
disruptions in northwestern India caused by Alexander as the latter withdrew into Babylon
7. After his conquests, the Empire stretched from Assam to Afghanistan, from Kashmir to
the Deccan
8. Chandragupta defeated the Seleucus I Nicator, the successor of Alexander in Macedonia.
Combine...
Exam...
Harshavardhan (606-647 AD)
Delhi Sultanate ( Medieval India )
2009 (59)
As part of the agreement reached later, Chandragupta married a daughter of Seleucus

and in return gifted 500 war elephants
9. Seleucus sent an ambassador to Chandraguptas court called Megasthenes
10. Towards the end of his life, Chandragupta embraced Jainism and migrated south with
Acharya Bhadrabahu to Shravanabelgola in Karnataka
2. Bindusara
1. Born c. 320 BCE, died c. 272 BCE
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
He was the successor to Chandragupta

He was the son of Chandragupta and the father of Asoka
He was also known as Amitraghata or Ajathasetru
He expanded the Mauryan Empire south beyond the Deccan, as far south as Mysore
During his reign, the Empire included all of India except Kalinga and the southern
kingdoms of Cheras, Cholas and Pandyas
7. By religion he was an Ajivaka (a sect of Hinduism)
8. The Seleucid ambassador to Bindusaras court was Deimakos
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3. Asoka the Great
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2. Successor to Bindusara
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3. Also known as Devanampriya and Priyadarshin

4. Conquered Kalinga and added it to the Mauryan Empire.
5. Was initially an Ajivaka but later embraced Buddhism after the conquest of Kalinga
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6. Under Asokas reign the Mauryan Empire included all of India except the southern
kingdoms of Cheras, Cholas and Pandyas
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7. Contributed immensely to the spread of Buddhism, especially in South-East Asia, Ceylon

and Central Asia
8. Asoka organized the Third Buddhist Council at Pataliputra in c. 250 BCE. It was
conducted by the monk Mogaliputta-Tissa, who was also the spiritual teacher of Asoka
9. He is known for the Asoka Chakra, the Asoka Pillars and the Lion Capital at Sarnath
10. The Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt under king Philadelphus sent the ambassador Dionysius
to the court of Asoka
3.
Chanakya
1. Born c. 350 BCE, died c. 283 BCE

2. Also known as Kautilya, Vishnugupta
3. He was the advisor and trainer of Chandragupta Maurya and was instrumental in the
latters ascent to power
4. He later served as the Prime Minister of the Mauryan Empire under Chandragupta and his
son Bindusara
5. Author of the Arthasastra and the Nitishastra. The Arthashastra discusses monetary
policies, warfare and international relations while the Nitishastra is a treatise on the ideal
way of life and philosophy
6. Considered to be the pioneer of economics and political science in the world
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ADMINISTRATION AND ECONOMY UNDER THE MAURYAS

Administration
The capital of the Mauryan Empire was Pataliputra
The Empire was divided into four provinces
Tosali (in the east)
Ujjain (in the west)
Taxila (in the north)
Suvarnagiri (in the south)
The Kings representative at the provincial level was a royal prince titled Kumara
The Emperor was assisted in the administration by a Council of Ministers called the
Mantriparishad
The Mauryan Empire also had an extensive and efficient civil service that managed
everything from municipal hygiene to international trade
Economy
Chandragupta Maurya introduced a single currency across India
International trade with the Greek kingdoms through the Kybher Pass was extensive
Exports included silk goods, textiles, spices and exotic foods
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THE EDICTS OF ASOKA

About the Edicts
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Map of the Edicts of Asoka

The Edicts of Asoka are a collection of 33 inscriptions
The inscriptions are found in the form of Rock Edicts, Pillar Edicts and assorted
inscriptions on boulders and cave walls
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The inscriptions are found throughout the Indian subcontinent

The language of the inscriptions is
Magadhi, using the Brahmi script (in the east)
Sanskrit, using the Kharosthi script (in the west)
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One Edict in Greek

One Edict in Greek and Aramaic
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The seven Pillar Edicts of Asoka are located at
Sarnath, Uttar Pradesh Lion Capital

Sanchi, Madhya Pradesh Lion Capital
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Rampurva, Bihar Bull and Lion

Sankassa, Uttar Pradesh Elephant
Vaishali, Bihar Lion Capital
Lauriya-Areraj and Lauriya-Nandangarh, Bihar Lion Capital
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The Edicts were decodified by British archaeologist James Prinsep in 1820-1830

The Lion Capital at Sarnath is currently used as the national emblem of India, while Indias
national flag uses Asokas Chakra
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Major Rock Edicts

Edict
number
Edict description
Prohibition of animal sacrifice
II
Medical treatment of humans and animals
III
Declares liberality towards Brahmanas and Sramanas
IV
Announces that policy of Dhamma has checked lack of violence and

morality
Declares Bheri Ghosha replaced by Dhamma Ghosha
Mentions appointment of Dhammamahamatas
VI
Mentions Mantri Parishad
VII
Religious tolerance
VIII
Mentions he went to Bodh Gaya

Morality and conduct
IX
Uselessness of ceremonies
X
Mentions that the king does not desire fame or glory
XI
Explains policy of dhamma
XII
Appeals for tolerance among religious sects

Mentions Kalinga War
XIII
Partly written in Greek
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Mentions the purpose of the Rock Edicts
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Bhabru Inscription
Mentions Asokas conversion to Buddhism
Barabar Inscription
Enjoins religious tolerance
Tarai Pillars
Mention Asokas respect for Buddhism
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Pillar Edicts
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Edict number Edict description
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Mentions the social code
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Mentions eye donation
III
Mentions soul and sin
IV
Mentions Rajukas
Mentions animal killing
VI
Mentions welfare of people
VII
Mentions Dhammamahamatas
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DECLINE OF THE MAURYA EMPIRE

The Mauryan Empire was dissolved in c. 185 BCE with the assassination of the last ruler
Bhrihadrata by his commander-in-chief Pushyamitra Sunga
The fall of the Mauryan Empire led to foreign invasions and the establishment of
Indo-Greek kingdoms in the northwest
Causes of the Mauryan decline include
Weak successors to Asoka
Asokas pacifist policies
Financial crisis
Centralized government and bureaucracy
Categories: Labels: History - Ancient India
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The Mauryan Empire

Extent of the empire