Catalogue Ans I Post Evcvc

w w w. p p c i n s u l a t o r s .
c o m
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ANSI Post Insulators

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Revision 1/2003
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Better Design enables

higher performances with less weight
> ANSI
Index
Under service conditions, the

post insulator is submitted to
> Design
Mechanical design
Style
Shed design
K-Value
Fittings
RIV
electrical and mechanical stresses

according to the parameters of
the service site and the performance
rating of the swithchgear.
PPC Insulators, with nearly
PAGE
PAGE
PAGE
PAGE
PAGE
PAGE
Glazing
Cementing
Control
Tolerances
PAGE
PAGE
PAGE
PAGE
BIL
BIL
BIL
BIL
BIL
BIL
BIL
BIL
BIL
PAGE
10
PAGE
11
PAGE
12
PAGE
13
PAGE
14
PAGE
15
PAGE
16
PAGE
17
PAGE
18
> Production
a century of experience in designing

and manufacturing high voltage
porcelain insulators, has developed
a new high strength C 130 body
in order to improve design
and reduce cost.
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
95 to 150kV
200 to 350kV
550kV
650kV/BIL 750kV
900kV
1050kV
1300kV
1470kV/1550kV
1800kV
Introduction ANSI Post Insulators
Introduction ANSI Post Insulators
High Tech TR Post Insulators.

Never comprom ise on safety!
Shed design
Design
The creepage distance required

by ANSI C29.9 can be obtained with
Mechanical design
different shed designs. But some rules,

sized fittings, and lighter post insulators with
to cantilever loads, (e.g., weight, wind force, seismic
less visual impact. The high strength C 130 body also
are listed below in order to give you
conditions, short circuit loads). A few applications
allows for a reduction in the number of components
the best service for your long term benefit.
require compression strength (e.g., capacitors banks)
on insulators comprised of mutiple units. The
or torsion strength (e.g., rotating disconnectors)
advantages provided by the reduction of additional
or tensile strength (e.g., underhung post insulator).
fittings include increased strike distance/creep and
of experience acquired worldwide,
The plain alternative shed design offers

high specific creepage distance and good self
cleaning properties which usually provides
less assembly time. All insulators up to and including
best performance. Today, any design can have
the TR 308 are availble in a one piece design.
Cantilever strength is in direct relationship to the
Design
Design
which are the result from many years

In-service stresses on post insulators are mainly due
the optimum shed configuration consisting
core diameter. Thus, a high-strength insulator provides

a higher strength-to-weight ratio. Advantages include
The weight savings are clearly shown on the
a smaller diameter, reduced quantity of and smaller
below graph (TR weight per BIL level).
of any combination of sheds.
Weight (Ibs)
Plain Shed
900
Alternating Shed
P1
Competitor 1
800
Standard Shed
P
700
Competitor 2
P2
600
H
Id1
500
PPC
C=d
Id
Id
400
C=d1
S
d2
300
C=d
Id2
200
= FxH /(I/V)
100
0
0
500
1000
1500
BIL (kV)
2000
I/V= /32 x D 3
Parameters Characterizing
Insulator Profile
Parameters Characterizing
Entire Insulator
1. Minimum distance, c, between sheds
As a post insulator can be designed with more than one section with different
shall be 1.18 (30 mm)

2. Ratio s/p between spacing and overhang 0.65
3. Ratio l d /d between creepage distance and clearance
Style
> This ratio must be calculated for the worst case

Some styles can be designed with different features, number of sections, uniform or tapered
as well as upright or underhung. The following codes are used throughtout the catalog to clearly
> It must be < 5

4. Alternating shed
Number of sections
PAGE 4
U = Uniformed
T = Tapered
P = Pedestal
> p1 - p2 0.59 " (15 mm)

UU = upright as well
as underhung
UP = upright
UN = underhung
1. Creepage factor C.F.
> C.F. 3.5

> C.F. 4
for pollution levels 1 and 2 (light and medium pollution level)

for pollution levels 3 and 4 (heavy and very heavy pollution level)
C.F. = lt /St lt = creepage distance
St = strike distance
on any section (ld 1 /d 1 , ld 2 /d 2 )
show the style. For example, the code 2-T-UP means it has 2 sections , is tapered , and is upright.
2-T-UP
shed designs the following parameters are used for the entire insulator:
2. Profile factor P.F.
> P.F. =
2p 1 + 2p 2 + s
l
alternating sheds
> P.F. > 0.8

> P.F. > 0.7
> P.F. =
2p + s
l
all other sheds
with l = creepage distance

of the insulated leakage path
measured between the two
points which define s
for pollution levels 1 and 2 (light and medium pollution level)

for pollution levels 3 and 4 (heavy and very heavy pollution level)
PAGE 5
Design
K-value I n c r e a s e d Po l l u t i o n Pe r f o r m a n c e E q u a l i z e d F i e l d D i s t r i b u t i o n
Basically, K-value design is a method to improve traditional
creepage distance. In its full extent, K-value design is a method to
Design
reduce weight, volume and space while improving properties in-service
Design
by increasing pollution performance and equalizing electrical field.
Fittings
K-value is the unit for insulator shape and IEC 60507 defines the formula as form factor:
F = dl/p(l)
is the creepage distance
p(l) is the circumference of the insulator as a function of l.
Fittings are made in malleable cast or ductile iron, hot dip galvanized according ASTM A-153M.
The Standard Sizes
3-inch bolt circle diameter:
Form factor used as a design method is referred to as K-value
and can be used for different types of improvements.
4 tapped
1/2 Full
4 tapped
5/8 Full
4 tapped
3/4 Full
holes, 1/2 inch 13 +.015 oversize

Thread (tap after hot dip galvanizing)
holes, 5/8 inch-11 +.015 oversize.
holes, 3/4 inch-10 +.015 oversize.
The holes are tapped 0.015 oversize to allow for use of galvanized cap screws.
Creepage distance considers a leakage current as traveling

along the insulator, in a strict line, identifying only distance.

8 holes, according to drawings

8 holes, according to drawings
NOTE: When the insulator is made of more than one section, hardware required for assembly is delivered with the shipment.
K-value considers a leakage current as traveling along the

insulator, over its complete surface. It calculates reduced diameter
and/or increased creepage distance for higher resistance against
the leakage currents. K-value identifies an insulators total shape,
i.e., geometric (ohmic) resistance against leakage currents.
The shape of the insulator must be calculated for
optimum design of pollution performance.
The traditional calculation of creepage distance
RIV
is sometimes sufficient, but to achieve

best performance in relation to material and
space used, K-value design is necessary.
If corona rings are necessary to meet the

requirements, this is indicated in the tables.
PPC Insulators offers complete computer design of K-value,

integrated with electrical, mechanical, dimension and material calculations.
PAGE 6
PAGE 7
Production
Quality procedures are applied throughout the production process according to ISO 9000.
Per ANSI C 29.9, insulators are tested to confirm Design. Quality and Routine tests
are performed on each unit throughout production.
Tested Items
Design Test
Quality Conformance
Routine Test
7.2
Test 7.3
7.4
The PPC production facilities for TR station post insulators manufacture in
Low Frequency Wet Withstand 7.2.1
full accordance with ANSI C 29.9. Insulation requirements are available in ratings
Critical Impulse Flashover, Positive 7.2.2
from 95 kV to 2050 kV BIL. Special requirements can be also offered upon request.
Impulse Witstand 7.2.3
This catalog, which includes standard ANSI TRs as well as extra high strength,
Radio Influence Voltage 7.2.4
additional creepage distance and different BCD, is updated continuously.
Mechanical Failing load:
> cantilever strength 7.3.4
> tensile strength 7.3.5
Glazing
Glazing is grey in accordance to ANSI Z55.1 and conforms
to Munsell notation 5BG 7.0/0.4. Brown glaze is also available.
Semi-conductive surface glazing can be provided for
special polluted environment.
> compression strength 7.2.6
> torsional strength 7.2.7
Thermal Shock 7.2.5
Production
Production
Control
Visual and Dimensional Tests 7.3.1
Porosity 7.3.2
Galvanizing Test 7.3.3
Mechanical Proof 7.4.2
Tolerances
> Alignment of fixing holes
The line between two opposite axes of holes of the top fitting have to be in line
with corresponding line of the bottom fitting within the specified angle.
1 standard
> Coaxiality and concentricity

The center line of the pitch circle diameter of the two fittings
Cementing
should fit into a cylinder with diameter equal to

2 x (0.5 + height of insulator in meters) mm
or 0.002 x (20+ height of insulator in inches) in
The fittings are assembled to the

porcelain with a Portland base
mortar. A bituminous coating is applied
> Plane parallelity
0.5 x (height of insulator in meters) mm

or 0.0005 x (height of insulator in inches) in
on the porcelain and the fittings to

compensate for the difference in thermal expansion.
This is especially important
for extreme weather applications.
1 inch
Conversion Table
1 pound
1 inch-pound
PAGE 8
25.4 mm
4.448 N
0.113 Nm
PAGE 9
Type BIL 200-350 kV
Type BIL 95-150 kV
BIL 200-350 kV
BIL 95-150 kV
1-U-UU
1-U-UU
BIL
CATALOG NUMBER
ANSI TECHNICAL REFERENCE
STYLE
95 kV
110 kV
115950
116289
115951
116231
TR202
TR222
TR205
TR225
1-U-UU
1-U-UU
1-U-UU
1-U-UU
150 kV
116425
1-U-UU
BIL
115952
116059
TR208
TR227
1-U-UU
1-U-UU
Dimensions
Leakage Distance (in)
Height (in)
Strike distance (in)
Max Shed Diameter (in)
Top BCD (in)
Diameter Dt (in)
Bottom BCD (in)
Diameter Db (in)
10.5
7.5
5.4
7.1
3
4
3
4
10.5
10
5
8.3
5
6.2
5
6.2
15.5
10
6.8
7.1
3
4.1
3
4.1
15.5
12
6.7
8.1
5
6.3
5
6.3
17
12
6.1
9.3
5
6.3
5
6.3
24
14
9.3
6.3
3
4.4
3
4.4
24
15
9.1
7.1
5
6.3
5
6.3
2000
2000
7900
7700
50000
4000
4000
20000
30000
100000
2000
2000
10000
11000
50000
4000
4000
20000
31000
100000
8000
8000
28000
40000
40000
2000
2000
10000
18000
50000
4000
4000
20000
31000
100000
105
30
95
105
30
95
125
45
110
125
45
110
125
45
110
170
60
150
170
60
150
PAGE 10
116239
115944
115947
115945
115872
TR210
TR231
TR214
TR267
TR216
TR278
1-U-UU
1-U-UU
1-U-UU
1-U-UU
1-U-UU
1-U-UU

Height (in)
Top BCD (in)
Diameter Dt (in)
Bottom BCD (in)
Diameter Db (in)
37
18
12.5
6.8
3
4.4
3
4.4
37
20
12.4
6.9
5
6.3
5
6.3
43
22
16.6
7.4
3
5.1
3
5.1
43
24
16.6
8.3
5
6.4
5
6.4
72
30
24.5
7.1
3
5.1
3
5.1
72
30
22.9
9.2
5
6.3
5
6.3
Cantilever Strength, Upright, Pounds

Cantilever Strength, Underhung, Pounds
Tensile Strength, Pounds
Torsion Strength, Inch-Pounds
Compression Strength, Pounds
2000
2000
15000
31000
50000
4000
4000
25000
71000
100000
2000
2000
20000
34000
100000
4000
4000
28000
84000
100000
1500
1500
20000
34000
100000
3000
3000
25000
71000
100000
Impulse Flashover, Positive, kV

Low Frequency Withstand,10 Sec. Wet, kV
Impulse Withstand, kV
225
80
200
225
80
200
280
100
250
280
100
250
390
145
350
390
145
350
22
100
22
100
30
200
30
200
44
200
44
200
47
76
54
87
68
102
Radio Influence Voltage Data

5
50
5
50
10
50
10
50
10
50
15
100
15
100
Weight
Net Weigh, Pounds
115943
Electrical Values

Test Voltage, Rms to Ground, kV
Maximum RIV, Microvolts at 1000kHz
STYLE
350 kV
Mechanical Values
Electrical Values
Low Frequency Withstand, 10 Sec. Wet, kV
250 kV
Dimensions
Mechanical Values
CATALOG NUMBER
200 kV

Weight
13
34
15
18
40
26
40
Net Weigh, Pounds
PAGE 11
Type BIL 550 kV
Type BIL 650 kV/750 kV
BIL 650 kV/750 kV
BIL 550 kV
1-U-UU
1-U-UU
BIL
CATALOG NUMBER
STYLE
550 kV
115942
115935
TR286
1-U-UU
BIL
115873
TR287
1-U-UU
1-U-UU
Dimensions
Height (in)
Top BCD (in)
Diameter Dt (in)
Bottom BCD (in)
Diameter Db (in)
99
45
38
7.3
5
6.4
5
6.4
116
49
44
6.3
5
6.3
5
6.3
99
45
38
7.1
5
6.3
5
6.3
1700
1700
25000
71000
100000
1400
1400
25000
71000
100000
2600
2600
36000
133000
150000
610
230
550
610
230
550
610
230
550
PAGE 12
115640
115611
TR288
TR289
1-U-UU
1-U-UU
1-T-UP
116
54
47
7.3
5
6.3
5
6.3
116
54
47
7.1
5
6.3
5
6.3
120
54
46
7.8
7
8.5
7
8.5
115973
115874
115915
TR291
TR295
1-T-UP
1-U-UU
1-U-UU

Height (in)
Top BCD (in)
Diameter Dt (in)
Bottom BCD (in)
Diameter Db (in)
120
54
46
7.8
5
6.3
7
8.5
132
62
55
7.3
5
6.3
5
6.3
132
62
55
7.1
5
6.3
5
6.3

1400
1400
25000
1000
100000
2200
2200
36000
133000
150000
4100
3000
45000
204000
150000
4100
3000
45000
204000
150000
1200
1200
25000
71000
100000
1850
1850
36000
133000
150000

710
275
650
710
275
650
710
275
650
710
275
650
810
315
750
810
315
750
88
200
88
200
88
200
88
200
103
500
103
500
139
139
197
197
174
153

73
200
73
200
73
200
Weight
Net Weigh, Pounds
STYLE
115946
Electrical Values

750 kV
Mechanical Values
Electrical Values
CATALOG NUMBER
650 kV
Dimensions
Mechanical Values
1-T-UP

Weight
141
88
117
Net Weigh, Pounds
PAGE 13
Type BIL 1050 kV
Type BIL 900 kV
BIL 1050 kV
BIL 900 kV
1-U-UU
2-U-UU
2-T-UP
BIL
CATALOG NUMBER
STYLE
2-U-UU
900 kV
115953
TR304
115877 115954
TR304
115880
TR308
TR308
1-U-UU 2-U-UU 1-U-UU
2-U-UU
BIL
115881 115610
115539
115860
TR308
2-T-UP 2-T-UP
2-T-UP
2-T-UP
165
80
73
7.6
5
6.3
5
6.3
165
80
68
6.6
5
6.3
5
6.3
165
80
73
8.3
5
6.3
5
6.3
165
80
68
7.1
5
6.3
5
6.3
165
80
68
7.1
5
6.3
5
6.3
165
80
67
8.7
7
8.5
7
8.5
165
80
67
8.7
5
6.3
7
8.5
165
81
67
8.7
5
6.3
14
15.6
950
950
28000
84000
100000
950
950
28000
84000
100000
1450
1450
36000
133000
150000
1450
1450
36000
133000
150000
1450
1015
25000
90000
75000
2750
1100
36000
133000
150000
3000
1100
25000
90000
75000
3000
1100
36000
133000
150000
1010
385
900
1010
385
900
1010
385
900
1010
385
900
1010
385
900
1010
385
900
1010
385
900
1010
385
900
PAGE 14
115885
116139
TR312
TR316
TR362
2-U-UU
2-U-UU
2-T-UP
2-T-UP

Height (in)
Top BCD (in)
Diameter Dt (in)
Bottom BCD (in)
Diameter Db (in)
198
92
80
7.3
5
6.3
5
6.3
198
92
80
8.3
5
6.3
5
6.3
198
92
81
7.5
7
8.5
7
8.5
198
92
80
7.5
5
6.3
7
8.5

800
800
25000
71000
100000
1250
1250
36000
133000
150000
2300
1275
40000
120000
100000
2300.
1275
40000
133000
150000

1210
455
1050
1210
455
1050
1210
455
1050
1210
455
1050
146
500
146
500
146
500
146
500
273
342
278
278

146
500
146
500
146
500
146
500
146
500
146
500
146
500
146
500
Weight
Net Weigh, Pounds
116434
Electrical Values

115908
Mechanical Values
Electrical Values
STYLE
1050 kV
Dimensions
Mechanical Values
CATALOG NUMBER
Dimensions
Height (in)
Top BCD (in)
Diameter Dt (in)
Bottom BCD (in)
Diameter Db (in)
2-T-UP

Weight
190
181
228
216
198
270
264
270
Net Weigh, Pounds
PAGE 15
Type BIL 1300 kV
Type BIL 1470 kV/1550 kV
BIL 1470 kV/1550
BIL 1300 kV
2-T-UP
2-T-UN
2-T-UP
BIL
CATALOG NUMBER
STYLE
1300 kV
BIL
115887 116294 115971 115532 115982 115890 115968 115937 115976 116300 115979
TR324
2-T-UP
TR324
TR324
TR367
2-T-UP 2-U-UU 2-T-UP
TR368
TR368
TR369
2-T-UN 2-T-UP 2-U-UU 2-T-UP
TR369
2-T-UN
2-T-UP 2-T-UP
231
106
95
7.2
5
6.3
5
6.3
231
106
93
8.3
5
6.3
5
6.3
231
106
94
7.5
5
6.3
5
6.3
231
106
95
8.2
5
6.3
7
8.7
231
106
95
8.2
7
8.7
5
6.3
231
106
94
9.1
7
8.5
7
8.5
231
106
91
9.1
7
8.5
7
8.5
231
106
93
9.1
5
6.3
7
8.5
231
106
93
9.1
7
8.5
5
6.3
231
106
92
9.5
5
6.3
7
8.7
231
109
96
9.8
5
6.3
14
15.6
1000
630
25000
90000
75000
1000
650
25000
90000
100000
1000
1000
36000
133000
150000
1450
630
25000
71000
100000
630
1450
25000
71000
100000
2000
1100
40000
133000
150000
2000
2000
40000
133000
150000
2050
850
40000
133000
150000
850
2050
36000
133000
150000
2050
1000
40000
133000
150000
3500
800
28000
84000
100000
1410
525
1300
1410
525
1300
1410
525
1300
1410
525
1300
1410
525
1300
1410
525
1300
1410
525
1300
1410
525
1300
1410
525
1300
1410
525
1300
1410
525
1300
220
1000
220
1000
220
1000
220
1000
220
1000
220
1000
220
1000
220
1000
220
1000
220
1000
220
1000
115896
115900
TR330
TR371
TR373
TR372
TR379
2-T-UP
2-T-UP
2-T-UP
2-T-UP
2-T-UP

Height (in)
Top BCD (in)
Diameter Dt (in)
Bottom BCD (in)
Diameter Db (in)
264
122
110
7.5
5
6.3
5
6.3
264
122
110
7.2
5
6.3
7
8.5
264
122
109
9.1
7
8.5
7
8.5
264
122
110
9.1
7
8.5
7
8.5
280
128
115
9.1
5
6.3
7
8.5

900
667
28000
90000
100000
1170
652
28000
84000
100000
1750
740
28000
84000
100000
1750
960
40000
133000
150000
1700
915
36000
133000
150000

1610
590
1470
1610
590
1470
1610
590
1470
1610
590
1470
1710
620
1550

220
1000
220
1000
220
1000
210
1000
318
2000 *
287
314
395
393
Weight
Weight
Net Weigh, Pounds
115898

116137
Electrical Values
Electrical Values

115894
Mechanical Values
Mechanical Values

STYLE
1550 kV
Dimensions
Dimensions

Height (in)
Top BCD (in)
Diameter Dt (in)
Bottom BCD (in)
Diameter Db (in)
CATALOG NUMBER
1470 kV
245
359
293
265
303
369
476
366
407
481
465
Net Weigh, Pounds
422
* with corona ring to be checked
PAGE 16
PAGE 17

BIL 1800 kV
Type BIL 1800 kV
BIL 1800 kV
2-T-UN
2-T-UP
3-T-UP
BIL
CATALOG NUMBER
STYLE
2-T-UN
1800 kV
115905 116249
TR391
116427
TR391
TR391
3-T-UP 2-T-UP
2-T-UN
116353
115934 115926
116252 115929
3-T-UP
3-T-UP 3-T-UN
2-T-UN 3-T-UP
330
152
135
9.1
5
6.3
7
8.5
330
152
138
8.9
5
6.3
7
8.7
330
152
138
9.3
12
13.2
5
6.3
360
151
135
9.1
5
6.3
7
8.5
360
153
136
10
5
6.3
14
15.6
360
153
133
11.1
14
15.6
5
6.3
360
153
138
10.4
14
15.6
5
6.3
360
155
137
11
7
8.5
14
15.6
1400
440
25000
71000
100000
1400
440
25000
71000
100000
1400
750
25000
71000
100000
1400
440
25000
71000
100000
1750
525
28000
84000
100000
750
2500
36000
133000
150000
750
2500
36000
133000
150000
2500
750
36000
133000
150000
PAGE 18
115536
116246 116265
116266 116255
STYLE
2-T-UP
3-T-UP
3-T-UP
2-T-UP 2-T-UP
2-T-UN 2-T-UP

Height (in)
Top BCD (in)
Diameter Dt (in)
Bottom BCD (in)
Diameter Db (in)
360
155
140
10.9
5
6.3
14
15.6
360
151
132
11.1
7
8.5
12
13.4
330
152
132
11.2
7
8.5
14
15.6
330
152
134
11.1
5
6.7
14
15.6
330
152
134
11.2
5
6.7
14
15.6
330
152
134
11.2
14
15.6
5
6.7
330
152
133
11.7
5
6.7
14
15.4

Cantilever Strengt, Underhung, Pounds
2500
650
36000
133000
150000
2500
750
36000
133000
150000
3300
700
36000
133000
150000
3300
700
36000
133000
150000
3500
1250
36000
133000
150000
1250
3500
36000
133000
150000
4000
700
36000
133000
150000
2000
710
1800
2000
710
1800
2000
710
1800
2000
710
1800
2000
710
1800
2000
710
1800
2000
710
1800
318
2000 *
318
2000
318
2000 *
318
2000
808
1046
Electrical Values
2000
710
1800
2000
710
1800
2000
710
1800
2000
710
1800
2000
710
1800
2000
710
1800
2000
710
1800
2000
710
1800

318
2000
318
2000 *
318
2000 *
318
2000 *
318
2000 *
318
2000 *
318
2000 *
318
2000 *
Weight
Net Weigh, Pounds
115923
Mechanical Values

116243
Dimensions
Electrical Values
CATALOG NUMBER
1800 kV
Mechanical Values
3-T-UP
BIL
Dimensions
Height (in)
Top BCD (in)
Diameter Dt (in)
Bottom BCD (in)
Diameter Db (in)
2-T-UP

318
2000
318
2000
318
2000 *
Weight
487
671
661
494
594
805
902
755
Net Weigh, Pounds
928
766
919
919
1170
PAGE 19

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w w w. p p c i n s u l a t o r s .

The very Best.

The very Best.

ANSI Post Insulators

Better Design enables

Under service conditions, the

electrical and mechanical stresses

a century of experience in designing

Introduction ANSI Post Insulators

Introduction ANSI Post Insulators

High Tech TR Post Insulators.

ANSI Post Insulators

ANSI Post Insulators

ANSI Post Insulators

The creepage distance required

different shed designs. But some rules,

to cantilever loads, (e.g., weight, wind force, seismic

less visual impact. The high strength C 130 body also

are listed below in order to give you

conditions, short circuit loads). A few applications

allows for a reduction in the number of components

the best service for your long term benefit.

require compression strength (e.g., capacitors banks)

on insulators comprised of mutiple units. The

or torsion strength (e.g., rotating disconnectors)

advantages provided by the reduction of additional

or tensile strength (e.g., underhung post insulator).

fittings include increased strike distance/creep and

of experience acquired worldwide,

The plain alternative shed design offers

less assembly time. All insulators up to and including

best performance. Today, any design can have

the TR 308 are availble in a one piece design.

Cantilever strength is in direct relationship to the

which are the result from many years

the optimum shed configuration consisting

core diameter. Thus, a high-strength insulator provides

The weight savings are clearly shown on the

a smaller diameter, reduced quantity of and smaller

below graph (TR weight per BIL level).

of any combination of sheds.

1. Minimum distance, c, between sheds

shall be 1.18 (30 mm)

> This ratio must be calculated for the worst case

> It must be < 5

> p1 - p2 0.59 " (15 mm)

1. Creepage factor C.F.

> C.F. 3.5

for pollution levels 1 and 2 (light and medium pollution level)

C.F. = lt /St lt = creepage distance

on any section (ld 1 /d 1 , ld 2 /d 2 )

2. Profile factor P.F.

> P.F. > 0.8

all other sheds

with l = creepage distance

for pollution levels 1 and 2 (light and medium pollution level)

ANSI Post Insulators

reduce weight, volume and space while improving properties in-service

ANSI Post Insulators

ANSI Post Insulators

by increasing pollution performance and equalizing electrical field.

is the creepage distance

p(l) is the circumference of the insulator as a function of l.