1st National and International Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

October 31, 2014, KU Home, Bangkok, THAILAND

A Model for Social Enterprises in Thailand

Somkiat Sakulsuraekkapong

150
..2556 - ..2557





2 = 78.328, df = 65, p = 0.124, 2 / df = 1.205,
GFI = 0.934, NFI = 0.964, NNFI = 0.988, RMR = 0.032, SRMR = 0.056, RMSEA = 0.037, LSR = 3.817
54.30
0.05
0.571
0.452 0.379
: , , ,

Abstract
This research A Model for Social Enterprises in Thailand aims to discover an appropriate model
for efficient Social Enterprises (SE) through the sampling of 150 leaders in Social Enterprises in Thailand
during the period July 2014 January 2015. The researcher reviewed relevant literature and other related

; Email: sa.somkiat@gmail.com

1st National and International Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

October 31, 2014, KU Home, Bangkok, THAILAND
research and used qualitative and quantitative research methodology to gather and analyse data by
focusing on the following latent variables: Leadership, Value-added Products, Organisational Structures
and Social Enterprise efficiency through 15 observed variables. The research was conducted primarily
through questionnaires which sought to obtain general demographic data, opinion ratings scales on the
efficiency factors of SE and other relevant information from a range of open-ended questions. The
researcher uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) methodology to analyse the data, followed by
interview sessions to gather more in-depth information. The results indicated that the hypothetical causal
model was consistent with the empirical data, with 2 = 78.328, df = 65, p = 0.124, 2 / df = 1.205, GFI =
0.934, NFI = 0.964, NNFI = 0.988, RMR = 0.032, SRMR = 0.056, RMSEA = 0.037, LSR = 3.817
The research results show that the variables in the model accounted for 54.30 percent of the
total variance of SE Efficiency (R2 = 0.543). At a 0.05 confident level, SE Efficiency had a statistically
significant direct effect from Leadership at 0.571, Value-added Products at 0.452 and Structure at -0.379,
respectively.
Key Word: Social Enterprises, Leadership, Value-added Product, Organisational Structure

(Social Enterprise - SE)

SE

SE


(Wallace, 1999)

Department of Trade and Industry (DTI, 2002) SE



SE
/
/



(Bornstein, 2004) SE
[354]

1st National and International Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

October 31, 2014, KU Home, Bangkok, THAILAND
//
(Coggins, 2009)

1)
2)

,
, Vroom & Yetton (1973), Van de Ven & Drazin (1985), Robbins (1990), Morgan
(1997)

, ,


Freeman (1984)
Bateman & Snell (1999)
Senge (1990) Nonaka &
Takeuchi (1995)
Drucker
(2002), Armstrong & Kotler (2003)
Smith & Colgate (2007)

Triple Bottom Line (TBL) Elkington & Hartigan (2008), Bornstein (2004),
Nicholls (2006) Coggins (2009)

[355]

1st National and International Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

October 31, 2014, KU Home, Bangkok, THAILAND

SE





SE (.)
208
Hair, Black & Anderson & Tatham
(2010) Schumacker & Lomax (2010) 15
10 1 150

[356]

1st National and International Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

October 31, 2014, KU Home, Bangkok, THAILAND

(Total Reliability) 0.976

SE 150

..2556 ..2557

(Modification Indices: MI)

2 = 78.328, df = 65, p = 0.124, 2 / df = 1.205, GFI = 0.934, NFI =
0.964, NNFI = 0.988, RMR = 0.032, SRMR = 0.056, RMSEA = 0.037, LSR = 3.817 R 2 = 0.543
p (p > .05) 2
54.30

54.30

[357]

1st National and International Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

October 31, 2014, KU Home, Bangkok, THAILAND

0.818**

0.929**

0.593**

0.678**

0.571*

0.626**

0.606**

0.510**

0.914**

0.585**

0.452*

0.500**
0.838**

-0.181

0.801**

0.769**

0.379*

0.526*
*

0.886*
*

0.528*
*

0.606
0.543
.05
0.571
.05 0.452
.05 -0.379

.05
0.413

.05 0.984
.05 -0.461
[358]

1st National and International Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

October 31, 2014, KU Home, Bangkok, THAILAND
.05 0.452

.01
0.914

54.30

4 ( ,
2541)
(Waddock & Bodwell, 2007) (Elkington & Hartigan,
1998)
(Svendsen, 1998)

(Nonaka & Takeuchi, 1995; Senge, 1990; Marquardt & Raynolds, 1994 ;
Drucker,1995)


(Etzel,
Bruce & William, 2004)





(Nicholls, 2006)

1. SE

2. SE

[359]

1st National and International Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

October 31, 2014, KU Home, Bangkok, THAILAND
SE

3.

. 2541. . : .
Armstrong, G. & Kotler, P. 2003. Marketing and introduction. 6th ed. New Jersey: Pearson Education.
Bateman & Snell. 1999. Management: Building Competitive Advantage. 4th ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill.
Bornstein, D. 2004. How to Change the World: Social Entrepreneurs and the Power of New Ideas..
Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Coggins, E. 2009. Five Characteristics of Social Enterprenuership. Retrived from www.suite101.com.
Donaldson, L. 2001. The Contingency Theory of Organizations: Foundations for Organizational
Science. USA: SAGE.
Drucker, P. 1995. Managing in a Time of Great Change. Truman Talley Books.
________. 2002. Managing in the Next Society. MacMillan Audio.
DTI. 2002. Strategy for Social Enterprise. London: HM Treasury.
Elkington, J. & Hartigan, P. 2008. The Power of Unreasonable People: How Social Entrepreneurs Create
Markets That Change the World. Harvard: Harvard Business Press.
Etzel, M., Walker, B. & Stanton, W. 2004. Marketing. 13th ed. Boston: Mcgraw-Hill.
Freeman, R. 1984. Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Aaproach. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge
University Press.
Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B. & Anderson, R. 2010. Multivariate Data Analysis. 7th ed. New Jersey: Pearson
Education.
Marquardt, M. & Raynolds, A. 1994. The Global Learning Organisation. New York: Irwing.
Morgan, G. 1997. Images of Oganisation. 2nd ed. Newsbury Park, CA: Sage.
Nicholls, A. 2006. Social entrepreneurship: New models of sustainable change. Oxford, Melbourne.
Nonaka, I. & Takeuchi, H. 1995. The Knowledge - Creating Company: How Japanese Companies Create
the Dynamics of Innovation. New York, USA: Oxford University Press.
Robbins, S. 1990. Organisation Theory: Structure, Designs, and Application. 3rd ed. Englewood Cliffs:
Prentice Hall.
Schumacker, R. & Lomax, R. 2010. A Beginners Guide to Structural Equation Modeling. 3rd ed. NY:
Routledge.
Senge, P. 1990. The fifth discipline: the art and practice of the learning organization. New York:
Doubleday.

[360]

1st National and International Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences

October 31, 2014, KU Home, Bangkok, THAILAND
Smith, J. Brock & Colgate, M. 2007. Customer Value Creation: A Practical Framework. Journal of
Marketing Theory and Practice 15 (1): 7-23.
Svendsen, A. 1998. The Stakeholder Strategy: Profiting from Collaborative Business Relationships.
USA: Berrett-Koehler.
Van de Ven, A. & Drazin, R. 1985. The Concepts of Fit in Contingency Theory. Research in
Organisational Theory. In L.L. Cummings and B.M. Staw. Eds. 7: 333-365.
Vroom, V. & Yetton, P. 1973. Leadership and decision making. USA: University of Pittsburgh Press.
Waddock, S. & Bodwell, C. 2007. Total Responsibility Management: The Manual. UK: Greenleaf.
Wallace, S. 1999. Social Entrepreneurship: The Role of Social Purpose Enterprises in Facilitating
Community Economic Development. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship.

[361]