ay Designation: A 182/A 182M - 00b
Standard Specification for
« Forged or Rolled Alloy-Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged
cng sae
sian pera
Sosdenesoan
ings,
and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service"
‘This sundardsssued under he Sted designation A 182/A 182M: the number imei fllowing the designation ints te year
‘of rigialadopcn on te case of revision, te year of las revision. number in partes ine
ineaes an eto change since the last revision or eaproval
A sopersrig psi
he yea of lst reapprvel
Ths sindard hasbeen approved for use by agencies ofthe Deparment of Defense
1 Scope
1.1 This specification? covers forged low alloy and stainless
stcel piping components for use in pressure systems. Included
are flanges, fittings, valves, and similar parts to specified
dimensions or to dimensional standards such as the ASME
specifications that are referenced in Section 2.
1.2 For bars and products machined directly from bar, refer
to Specifications A479/A 479M and A739, for the similar
grades available in those specifications, Products made to this
specification are limited to a maximum weight of 10.000 Ib
[4540 kg]. For Ianger products and products for other applica-
tions, refer to. Specification A336 for the similar grades
available in that specification
13 Several grades of low alloy steels and ferritic, marten-
sitic, austenitic, and fervitic-austenitic stainless stecls are in-
cluded in this specification. Selection will depend upon design
and service requirements.
1.4 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when
additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply
only when specified individually by the purchaser inthe order.
5 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units
and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the
applicable“ M” specification designation (ST units), the mate~
al shall be furnished to inch-pound uni
116 The values stated in either inch-pound units of ST units
tue to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text,
‘he ST units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
be used independently ofthe other. Combining values from the
‘wo systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-
cation,
‘This specication i under he ersthcion of ASTM Cammitee ADI on Stel,
Sines Sel and Related Alloys and is the diet esponsibility of Subcomenitee
‘AD 22 on Stel Frpngs and Wrought tings or Pping Apieaions and Boling
Special Purpose Applcauens.
Careat edn approved June 10, 2000 Pblisbed Ostober 2000. Originally
blithe ap A 182 387 Last previous eon A ISDA JE2M — Ota
2 For ASME: Boller and Presue Vessel Code applicalons se eated Speci-
‘son 84-182 in Seton I of tat Code
© AST 100 Bar Ht ie, Wet Coneroces, PA 1L282058, Une Se,
1
2, Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
‘A234/A 234M Specification for Piping Fittings of
‘Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and
Elevated Temperatures*
‘A262 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranu-
lar Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels*
A27SIA21SM_ Test Method for Magnetic Particle Exami-
nation of Steel Forgings®
‘A336/A 336M _ Specification for Alloy Steel Forgings for
Pressure and High-Temperature Parts?
‘A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
of Steel Products*
‘A.403/A 403M_ Specification for Wrought Austenit
less Steel Piping Fittings?
‘A419/A 419M. Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and
‘Shapes for Use in Boilers and Other Pressure Vessels
‘AA84/A 484M. Specification for General Requirements for
Stainless Steel Bars, Billets, and Forgings"
‘A739 Specification for Stee] Bars, Alloy, Hot-Wrought, for
Blevaied Temperature or Pressure-Containing Pars, ot
Both?
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for
‘Chemical Analysis of Steel Products*
A763 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranu-
Jar Attack in Ferrtic Stainless Steels*
‘A788 Specification for Steel Forgings, General Require-
ments?
E112 Test Methods for Determining the Average Grain
Size
E 165 Test Method for Liquid Penctrant Examination’
E340 Test Method for Macroetching Metals and Alloys®
2.2. MSS Standard:
SP 25 Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings,
Stain-
% annual Book of ASTM Standard, No 0.
‘ annual Book of ASTM Standards, No 01.3,
* mua Book of ASTM Standards, Not 1.05.
‘aoa Book of ASTM Standart, No 03.08
* anual Book of ASTM Standards, No 03.3, a 18210 182m
Flanges and Unions®
23. ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes?
Section IX Welding Qualifications
SFA-54 Specification for Corrosion-Resisting Chromium
and Chromium-Nickel Steel Covered Welding Electrodes
SFA-S.5 Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Covered Arc-
‘Welding Electrodes
SFA-5.9_ Specification for Corrosion-Resisting Chromium
and Chromium-Nickel Steel Welding Rods and Bare
Electrodes
SFA-S.L1 Specification for Nickel and Nickel-Alloy Cov-
ered Welding Electrodes
B 16.5 Dimensional Standards for Steel Pipe Flanges and
Flanged Fittings
B 169 Steel Butt-Welding Fittings
B 16.10 Face-to-Face and End-to-End Dimensions of Fer-
rous Valves
B 16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Weld, and Threaded
B 16.34 Valves—Flanged, Threaded and Welding End
3. Ordering Information
3.1 It is the purchaser’s responsibility to specify in the
purchase order all ordering information necessary to purchase.
the needed material. Examples of such information include but,
are not limited to the following:
3.4.1 Quantity,
3.1.2 Size and pressure class or dimensions (Tolerances and
surface finishes should be included),
3.1.3 Specification number, grade, and class if applicable
(The year date should be included),
3.14 Supplementary requirements,
3.1.5 Additional requirements (See 5.2.2, Table 2 footnotes,
73, 15.1, and 18.2), and
3.1.6 Requirement, if any, that manufacturer shall submit
drawings for approval showing the shape of the rough forging,
before machining and the exact location of test specimen
material (sce 7.3.1).
4, Manufacture
4.1 The low-alloy ferric steels may be made by the
open-hearth, clectric-fumace, or basic-oxygen process with
separate degassing and refining optional. Unless followed by
separate refining, the basic oxygen process shall be limited to
steels containing not over 6 % chromium.
4.2 The stainless steels shall be melted by one of the
following processes: (a) electric-furnace (with separate degas-
sing and refining optional); (b) vacuum-furnace; or (c) one of
the former followed by vacuum or electrosisg-consumable.
remelting. Grade FXM-27Cb may be produced by electron-
beam melting. Because of difficulties that may be met in
retaining nitrogen, vacuum melting or remelting processes
Available fom Manufactures’ Standardization Society of the Valve ond
tings Indary, 1815 N. Fort Myer Drive, Asingio, VA 22200
"Avalable fom American Sociey of Mechasical Engineers, Thee Park
‘Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5996,
should not be specified for Grades FXM-11, F 304LN,
F3I6LN, F 304N, F316N, PXM-19, P44, F45, F 48, F 49,
F50, F51, F52, F 53, F 54, F55, F58, F59, F 60, or F 62,
4.3 A sufficient discard shall be made to secure freedom
from injurious piping and undue segregation.
4.4 The material shall be forged as close as practicable to
the specified shape and size. Except for flanges of any type,
forged or rolled bar may be used without additional hot
working for small cylindrically shaped parts within the limits
defined by Specification A 234/A 234M for low alloy steels
and martensitic stainless steels and Specification A 403/
‘A403M for austenitic and ferrtic-austenitic stainless steels. J
Etbows, return bends, tees, and header tees shall not be
machined directly from bar stock.
4.5. Except as provided for in 4.4, the finished product shall
be a forging as defined in the Terminology section of Specifi-
cation A 788.
5, Heat Treatment!®
5.1 After hot working, forgings shall be cooled to a tem-
perature below 1000°F [538°C] prior to heat treating in
accordance with the requirements of Table 1.
5.2 Low Alloy Steels and Ferritic and Martensitic Stainless
Steels—The low alloy steels and fervitic and martenstie
stainless steels shall be heat treated in accordance with the
requirements of 5.1 and Table 1
5.241 Grade F 22V shall be furnished in the normalized and
tempered, or liquid quenched and tempered condition. The
‘minimum austenitizing temperature shall be 1650°F {900°C},
‘and the minimum tempering temperature shall be 1250°F
(677°C),
5.2.2 Liquid Quenching—When agreed to by the purchaser,
liguid quenching followed by tempering shall be permitted
provided the temperatures in Table 1 for each grade are
utilized.
5.22.1 Marking—Parts that are liquid quenched and tem-
peted shall be marked “QT.”
5.23 Alternatively, Grade F 1, F2, and F 12, Classes one
and two may be given a heat treatment of 1200°F (650°C)
minimum after final hot or cold forming
5.3 Austenitic and Ferritic-Austenitic Stainless Steels—The
austenitic and ferrtic-austenitic stainless steels shall be heat
treated in accordance with the requirements of 5.1 and Table I
5.3.1 Allematively, immediately following hot working,
while the temperature of the forging is not less than the
minimum solutioning temperature specified in Table 1, forg-
ings made from austenitic. grades (except grades F 304H.
F316H, F321, F321H, F347, F347H, F248, and F 348H)
may be individually rapidly quenched in accordance with the
requirements of Table 1.
© solion sneaing temperate above 1950°F {1068°C] may impale the
resiaanee it onorion afer aubsequet exposure to sensing
‘cons in F221, P321H, F347, F347H, F348, P348H, Whom specified by te
purchase, loner temperate sulizaion or retcluion annealing all be sed
‘tse 1 he intial gh tome colon ae Supe
equiremen 818). a 1827/0 182M
} 532 See Supplementary Requirement S14 if « particular
|yeat treatment method is to be employed.
3.4 Time of Heat Treatment—Heat treatment of forgings
‘nay be performed before machining.
"55 Forged or Rolled Bar—Forged ot rolled austenitic
stainless bar from which small cylindrically shaped parts are to
be machined, as permitted by 4.4, and the parts machined from
such bar, without heat treatment after machining, shall be
furnished to the annealing requirements of Specification A 479)
or this specification, with subsequent light cold drawing and
straightening permitted (sce Supplementary Requirement S9 if
annealing must be the final operation).
TABLE 1. Heat Treating Requirements
Austentznlsoutoning | Cootng ‘vencting Coot Tempering Tonporaue,
ase Heat Test Typo “emporate, min,F CC) Mea Below "F (0) my" (°C)
Low oy Stole
iv ‘weal 1620 [900] ‘ace coat = =
omslze and temper 1650 [200] alrceo . 1150620
ra ‘neat +650 [o00} ‘emacs coo! . 2
formalize and temper 1650 000) sir coal ® 17501620)
FPse 1750 [955] ‘Renace coo! ° .
1750 (955) a coe! ° 250 (675)
‘ 150955), furnaces coot ° .
1750855) ar cool 7 1280 [675]
fo 4860-2000 [1040-1095] a oat . 1980 (730)
Fe 1800 (1040) ‘a cool . 1350 730,
fon 48C0-2000 1040-1095) acoolortiqud = 1380 730,
Fi, Class 1.2.3 150 (900) ‘mace 00! . :
oemiize and temper 1650 [800] ‘ar cook . 1150 (620)
Fa.ciass 1,2 area 1€20[200) ‘henace coo! . :
omaize and omper 1650 [800] arco ° 11801620)
E21, FaV08F aoa 1780 (855) mace coo . .
iC
normalize end tempor 1750 955) ‘2 cool . $280 678)
22, Clase 1,3 annoal 1680 [900] fuacn cook 2 .
onmize and emper 1660 [900} ‘ar coo! . 4250 678)
Fx homage and temper 1800 (1040) fir ool . 4250 (790)
cceraiod coo!
Fae formalize nd temper 1800 (980) ar coo ’ 1980 730)
ule
R semen 1790 (955) Homa cook ° .
ronmaize 1780 (965) sr coo . e
ronmaize and temper 1780 [5 ‘coo . 1250 (676)
Varanac Saiioes Stole
raz ‘omalze andionper 1900 1080) ar oot = 0s
Fee cuss 1 ‘eal ot spectiod fomace coo ° :
ronmalze and temper not pectiad ‘ir coo 400 206) 005 725)
‘exper fot required . : 325 725)
Feaciase2 anneal rot spectog furnace soot * .
onmake and temper not spectied ak coo 490 705) 1250 (675)
temper rot equved . . 4250 (673)
Feaceess anneal ot spected fumace 200! * .
romalize and temper ot spectied ‘aircoo, 400 208) 00 595)
Fecuss4 anneal ot speifed fenaoe cool ° 2
normale and temger na pected ‘arecct 400 205) 000 (540)
Fo fie! ‘790 (965) ‘amaze cot . .
ommekze and temper 1750 (956) acco, 00 208) 1180 (6201
Fee omelze and temper 1850 1010) coo, 200 88) 4040-120 (560-600)
Fewite Stainless Stole
Prego ‘aveal 7a50 (7010) ‘umace cook = =
Fano ‘ames 1859 {1010} fomace soot * .
Faso meal at species fora cook ® *
B 4 a 18270 182m
TABLE 1_ Continued
‘Raton ‘cooing ‘Gvenching Coat
ace Haat Test Type “erpershze, min."F (OY Mod Bein "F CC)
‘Austoitc Sais Seele
Fae “Salon weal ana quenen 7000 (F040) Tea 200 80)
0c ‘olan re! and queren 1000 1040) gua +500 250]
F 04 soln iat and quench 1900 1040] aus 1500 280)
Fen soko Woat ard quench 1600 [1040] seus 500 280]
300 ‘soliton veal ard quench 1800 [104¢} tes 500 280)
300k soln reat and quench 1900 (1040) aia 500 200)
Foto sohion Wea ané quench 1900 (1040) sue 00 [260]
Foto Soutien reat an quencn 1800 (S040) ‘gaa 00 [280]
F 310Moln ‘soldi eat and quonen 1900-2010 (1080-1100) had 500 (260)
Fave ‘solton tat end quench 1900 1040) ass 100 (280)
Fier soln weal and quench 1900 [1040] rasa £00 [280]
F te. sion Yeat and quench 1000 [1040 au 00 (260)
Foie Solon veat anc quench 1000 (1040) aut 500 (260)
Faen Soutien reat an quench 1900 (1040) gus 500 (280)
Fav Suton reat and quench 1900 (1040) ‘guid £00 [260]
Fain Selusen teat and quench 1900 (3040) tad 100 200]
Fo soluion teat and quenon 1900 [1080] aves 1500 [260]
F30H Solin reat and quench 2000 (1085) ves 00 260]
Fote Shion feat and @oench 1900 (1040) eis 500 260)
F to Sion teat and euench 2000 (1005) gua 500 [280]
Fast ‘euton rect and euoneh 1800 (1040) sis 500 [260]
Fao feliton rect and uoneh 2000 (1005) Agus 500 (260)
F xn ‘olin ost and quench 1900 1080] ows 500 280)
FM ‘oluton teat and quench 1900 [1040] ew 500 (260)
Fi0 solufon treat and quench 1900 [1040] eu 500 eo)
20 fsouton Weat and quench 1700-1860 [825-1010] auld 500 (260)
Fat soutien Weat anc quench 2100 1150}, Neu 300 (260)
Fas sutton teat and quench 1900 (1040) liqua 500 (260)
Fae seluion veat and quonen 2010-2040 (1100-1140) auld 500 (260)
Fay fcluton tea and quench 1900 (1040) fea 500 260)
Fao soln eal and queneh 1900 1040) Sous 500 (260)
Fao ‘olin teat and quench 2080 1120) seus 500 (260)
Fs sokton teat and quench 2080-2160 [1120-160] auld 500 (260)
F 58 oution weat ane quench 2085 [1140] ue 500 (260)
Fe oution Weat ane quench 2006 [1105] awe 500 (280)
Feriie-Avtoie Staines Seals
Feo ‘ition wea and quench 1908 060) Ted 500 B00)
Fat 3670 1020) Feue 500 (260)
Fae ea 00 (200)
53 880 (1025) ed 00 (260)
Fst 1820-2060 (1050-125) Sat 500 250) .
Fs 20102085 1300140] teu 500 260) 7
Fer sohtton eat and quer 1840 (1080) ewe 175 20) °
F50 ‘solzion ea! and quenes| 1975-2050 (1060-7120) ted 500 280) .
Foo ‘olson teal anc quenes 1670 [1020] lave 500 (280)
Ft soluln eal and quench 16202060 (1080-1125) led 500 (260)
‘hina wieasYomparaie range fe feted
“Not appcanie
© Grade F 52 shal be ection read at 1625 to 1875° [805 to 1025°C] 20 mini, ike end water quenched
6. Chemical Composition
6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as 10
‘chemical composition for the grade ordered as listed in Table 2.
‘Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A 751 shall apply.
6.2 Grades to which lead, selenium, or other elements are
added for the purpose of rendering the material free-machining
shall not be used.
6.3 Starting material produced to a specification that spe-
cifically requires the addition of any element beyond those
listed in Table 2 for the applicable grade of material, is not
permitted,
7. Mechanical Properties
7.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as to
‘mechanical properties for the grade ordered as listed in Table 3.
7.2 Mechanical test specimens shall be obtained from pro!
duction forgings, or from separately forged test blanks pret
pared from the stock used to make the finished product. if
either case, mechanical test specimens shall not be removed
until after all heat treatment is complete. If repair welding is
required, test specimens shall not be removed until after
post-weld heat treatment is complete, except for ferrtic grades
‘when the post-weld heat treatment is conducted at least 50°F
[30°C] below the actual tempering temperature. When «est
blanks are used, they shall receive approximately the same
‘Working as the finished product. The test blanks shall be heat
treated with the finished product and shall approximate the
‘maximum cross section of the forgings they represent.
7.3 For normalized and tempered, or quenched and ten
ered forgings, the central axis of the test specimen shall
4 G) a 18270 182M
correspond to the YT plane oF deeper position where Tis the
maximum heat treated thickness of the represented forging. In
tddition, for quenched and tempered forgings, the midlength of
the test specimen shall be at least T from any sccond heat
treated surface, When the section thickness does not permit this
positioning, the test specimen shall be positioned as near as
possible to the prescribed location, as agreed to by the
purchaser and the supplier.
73.1 With prior purchase approval, the test specimen for
ferritic steel forgings may be taken at a depth () corresponding
tothe distance from the area of significant stress to the nearest
teat treated surface and atleast twice this distance (2 4) from
any second surface: However, the test depth shall not be nearer
to one treated surface than Yin. [19 mm] and to the second
treated surface than 14in, [38 mm]. This method of test
specimen location would normally apply to contour-forged
pats, or parts with thick cross-sectional areas where Ys TX
Testing (7.3) is not practical. Sketches showing the exact test
locations shall be approved by the purchaser when this method
is used.
732 Metal Buffers—The required distances from heat-
treated surfaces may be obtained with metal buffers instead of
integral extensions. Buffer material may be carbon or low-alloy
steel, and shall be joined to the forging with a partial
penetration weld that seals the buffered surface. Specimens
shall be located at “in, (13-mm] minimum from the buffered
surface of the forging. Butfers shall be removed and the welded
areas subjected to magnetic particle test to ensure freedom
fiom cracks unless the welded areas are completely removed
by subsequent machining.
7A For annealed low alloy steels, feritie stainless steels,
8
‘and martensitic stainless steels and also for austenitic and
ferritic-austenitic stainless steels, the test specimen may be
taken from any convenient location.
75 Tension Tests
15.1 Low Alloy Steels and Ferritic and Martenstic Stain-
less Steels—One tension test shall be made for each heat in
‘each heat treatment charge.
7.5.1.1 When the heat-treating cycles are the same and the
Fumaces (citer batch or continuous type) are controlled within
“£25°F [14°C] and equipped with recording pyrometers so
that complete records of heat treatment are available, then only
‘one tension test from each heat of each forging type (Note 1)
and section size is required instead of one test from each heat
in each heat-treatment charge.
Nore 1—“Type" in this case is used to describe the forging shape such,
‘asa Mange, el te, ete
7.5.2 Austenitic and Ferritic-Austenitic Stainless Steet
Grades—One tension test shall be made for each heat.
7.5.2.1. When heat treated in accordance with 5.1. the test
blank or forging used to provide the test specimen shall be heat
treated with a finished forged product.
75.2.2 When the alternative method in 5.3.1 is used, the test
blank or forging used to provide the test specimen shall be
forged and quenched under the same processing conditions as
the forgings they represent.
7.5.3 Testing shall be performed in accordance with Test
Methods and Definitions A 370 using the largest feasible of the
round specimens, The gage length for measuring clongation
shall be four times the diameter of the test section, ih a 182/A 182M
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