Name:Muzammil and Ammar Qayyum

Kelas:4 Qutaibah
Sekolah:SMKA Al-Mashoor
Guru penilai:

Title:
Humans
Activities That
Effect The
ecosistem

No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
6.
7.

Introduction
Objectif
Humans Activities that endangered
the ecosystem
I. Cause/source
Steps to Maintain stable environment.
Conclusion
Reference

INTRODUCTION

Environment is a gift from god to mankind . However

numerous negative impact from many responsible human
activities has greatly affect our environment . It has not
only cause in balance in environment but also causes
various environmental problem besides endangering the
ecosystem. The only way for us and the future
generation to live in this beautiful environment we need
to start planning every action that we make like isac
newton said (every action has its reaction) . By planning
development activities with great care which will
possibly not affecting the environment at all. After all
environment is our main home. So the environment
should be preserved starting from now onwards so that
the future generation will be able to feel the environment
which we are experiencing now .

OBJECTIVE

To in still awareness among human about

the importance of the preservation and the
conservation of the ecosystem .
To sensitize humans on various type of
negative effects of their activities towards the
environment .
To raise the efforts of creating a
convenient , safer yet conducive environment
for ourselves and the future generations .
To deduce the time for the depletion and
the destruction of the environment due to the
environmental problems caused by human
beings.

Humans
Activities That
Endangered

the
Ecosystems.

I. Cause
Overpopulating
One of the most significant threats to the ecosystem is the evergrowing population of the human race. As the population grows, there
is a larger need for housing, development and a supply of natural
resources. With more than six billion people on Earth, the destruction
of the ecosystem caused by human overpopulation and urban sprawl is
rapidly increasing. For example, humans have already transformed or
destroyed around half of the planet's forests and use the vast majority
of resources for human needs, according to the Fathom website. This
trend is not only a physical threat to the forests, it poses a threat to all
natural resources and causes the rapid extinction of other living
animal species.

Deforestation
Expanding population, industrialization and need of land for
development of expanding cities has led man to cut down forests
selfishly. Not only are the forests home to a large number of animals,
trees are also an important component of the water cycle. The roots of
plants hold the soil together and prevent soil erosion. The global forest
cover has shrunk to half its area in the last 11,000 years. During the
period between 1990 and 2000 itself, the yearly loss of natural forests
16 million hectares. Deforestation at such alarming rate has been a
cause of constant worry for environmentalists the world over.

Pollution
Pollution can be defined as any undesirable change in physical ,
chemical or biological characteristic of the natural environment
brought about when harmful substances or energy are realeased by
human activities .Tthere are four types of pollution :air , water ,
thermal and noise.

1. Air Pollution
Air pollution is the introduction of particulates, biological molecules, or other
harmful materials into the Earth's atmosphere, possibly causing disease, death to
humans, damage to other living organisms such as food crops, or the natural or built
environment .The atmosphere is a complex natural gaseous system that is essential

to support life on planet Earth. Stratospheric ozone depletion due to air pollution has
long been recognized as a threat to human health as well as to the Earth's
ecosystems .Indoor air pollution and urban air quality are listed as two of the worlds
worst toxic pollution problems in the 2008Blacksmith Institute World's Worst Polluted
Places report.[1] According to the 2014 WHO report, in 2012 the air pollution caused
the deaths of around 7 million people worldwide.

SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION

Dust from natural sources, usually large areas of land

with few or no vegetation
Methane, emitted by the digestion of food by animals,
for example cattle
Radon gas from radioactive decay within the Earth's
crust. Radon is a colorless, odorless, naturally
occurring, radioactive noble gas that is formed from the
decay of radium. It is considered to be a health hazard.
Radon gas from natural sources can accumulate in
buildings, especially in confined areas such as the
basement and it is the second most frequent cause of
lung cancer, after cigarette smoking.

Smoke and carbon monoxide from wildfires

Vegetation, in some regions, emits environmentally
significant amounts of VOCs on warmer days. These
VOCs react with primary anthropogenic pollutants
specifically, NOx, SO2, and anthropogenic organic
carbon compoundsto produce a seasonal haze of
secondary pollutants.[9]
Volcanic activity, which produces sulfur, chlorine, and
ash particulates.

2. WATER POLLUTION

Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies

(e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater). Water
pollution occurs when pollutants are directly or indirectly
discharged into water bodies without adequate treatment to
remove harmful compounds.Water pollution affects plants and
organisms living in these bodies of water. In almost all cases the
effect is damaging not only to individual species and populations,
but also to the natural biological communities.

Cause of Water Pollution.

The specific contaminants leading to pollution in water include a
wide spectrum of chemicals, pathogens, and physical or sensory

changes such as elevated temperature and discoloration. While

many of the chemicals and substances that are regulated may be
naturally occurring (calcium, sodium, iron, manganese.)
the concentration is often the key in determining what is a natural
component of water, and what is a contaminant. High
concentrations of naturally occurring substances can have
negative impacts on aquatic flora and fauna.
Oxygen-depleting substances may be natural materials, such as
plant matter (e.g. leaves and grass) as well as man-made
chemicals. Other natural and anthropogenic substances may
cause turbidity (cloudiness) which blocks light and disrupts plant
growth, and clogs the gills of some fish species.[11]
Many of the chemical substances are toxic. Pathogens can
produce waterborne diseases in either human or animal
hosts.Alteration of water's physical chemistry includes acidity
(change in pH), electrical conductivity, temperature, and
eutrophication. Eutrophication is an increase in the concentration
of chemical nutrients in an ecosystem to an extent that increases
in the primary productivity of the ecosystem. Depending on the
degree of eutrophication, subsequent negative environmental
effects such as anoxia (oxygen depletion) and severe reductions
in water quality may occur, affecting fish and other animal
populations.

3.

Thermal Pollution

Thermal pollution is the degradation of water quality by

any process that changes ambient water temperature. A
common cause of thermal pollution is the use of water as
a coolant by power plants and industrial manufacturers.
When water used as a coolant is returned to the natural
environment at a higher temperature, the change in
temperature
decreases oxygen supply
and
affects ecosystem composition. Urban runoff stormwater
discharged to surface waters from roads and parking

lotscan also be a source of elevated water

temperatures.When a power plant first opens or shuts
down for repair or other causes, fish and other organisms
adapted to particular temperature range can be killed by
the abrupt change in water temperature known as "thermal
shock.

4. Noise

Pollution

Noise pollution is the disturbing or

excessive noise that may harm the activity or
balance of human or animal life. The source of most
outdoor noise worldwide is mainly caused
by machines and transportation systems, motor
vehicles, aircraft, and trains. Outdoor noise is
summarized by the word environmental noise. Poor
urban planning may give rise to noise pollution,

since side-by-side industrial and residential buildings

can result in noise pollution in the residential areas.
Indoor noise can be caused by machines, building
activities, and music performances, especially in
some workplaces. There is no great difference
whether noise-induced hearing loss is brought about
by outside or inside noise.
High noise levels can contribute to cardiovascular
effects in humans, a rise in blood pressure, and an
increase in stress and vasoconstriction, and an
increased incidence of coronary artery disease. In
animals, noise can increase the risk of death by
altering predator or prey detection and avoidance,
interfere with reproduction and navigation, and
contribute to permanent hearing loss.

(air pollution)

(Deforestation)

noise pollution

Strategies to
solve problems

related to
pollution.

1. Enforcement of the environmental

laws
Environment quality act, 1974
environment
of environment
gas from industries

-Aims at protecting and preserving our forests and

wildlife
-Aims at controlling the use of pesticides
-Aims at protecting wildlife animals, birds and
plants
-Aims at controlling marine pollution

2. Use Of Technology
cals to control
oil spills.

vehicles.
before disposing.

3. Preservation And Conservation Of

The Ecosystem
replant the forest trees after deforestation.
that the ecosystem is protected.
agriculture.
there is sufficient supply of water in future)
Practice of biological control.
by using natural predators instead of using
chemical substances.

CONCLUSION
The effects of unplanned development and mismanagement of the ecosystem can
lead to damaging consequences.Me and my partner Ammar qayyum learned that
we need to take care of the environment and that we need to love it.there a lot of
ways to take care of the environment as I have explained .If everybody do such as
that the world will be a better place. Iwant to thank everybody that has helped
me in this project.

REFERENCES
Biology text book
Wikipedia
Reference book.