METAL ALLOYS

Making Process

Iron and Steel

Making Process

Blast Furnace
Iron Ore

Pig Iron

From Iron Ore and Limestone

Melting
Iron

Blast Furnace

Blast Furnace Video

Steel Making
Steel is produced in the furnace of steel
from pig iron, either in the form of solid,
liquid, scrap metal and some metal
alloys.
Some of steel-making process:

Basic oxygen furnace

Electric furnace

Basic Oxygen Furnace

The liquid metal is inserted into the combustion

chamber (tilted and enforced)
Oxygen (+ 1 000 C) is blown through the
Oxygen Lance into the combustion chamber at
high speed with pressure 1400kN/m2
Added powdered lime (CaO) to reduce levels of
P and S
Advantages of the Basic Oxygen Furnace:
Using the pure CO2 without Nitrogen
The process was only + 50 minutes
Phosphorous and sulfur expelled earlier than Carbon
low operating costs

Basic Oxygen Furnace

Electric Furnace
Conducted in high temperature and
using the arc light electrodes and
electric induction
Advantages:

Easy to reach high temperatures in a short time

Temperature can be set
kitchen high thermal efficiency
The liquid iron is protected from dirt and
environmental influences, so the quality is good
The loss due to evaporation is very small

Electric Furnace

Steel Making

Aluminum Making Process

Step 1: crushing and grinding

alumina recovery
begins by passing the
bauxite through
screens to sort it by
size
The ore is then fed into
large grinding mills
and mixed with a
caustic soda solution
The material finally
discharged from the
mill is called slurry.

Step 2 : digesting
1.

The slurry is
pumped to a
digester where the
chemical reaction to
dissolve the alumina
takes place.

Step 3- Settling

The liquor at the top

of the tank (which
looks like coffee) is
now directed through
a series of filters

Step 4 : precipitation

The clear sodium

aluminate from the
settling and filtering
operation is pumped
into these
precipitators. Fine
particles of alumina called "seed crystals"
(alumina hydrate) - are
added to start the
precipitation of pure
alumina particles as
the liquor cools.

Calcination is a
heating process to
remove the chemically
combined water from
the alumina hydrate.
The result is a white
powder like that shown
below: pure alumina.
The caustic soda is
returned to the
beginning of the
process and used
again.

Stage 2: converting alumina to

alumunium
Electrolysis reduction by Hall-Herault
process
Reacted in a melted of kriolit (Na3AlF6)
in a steel vessel 950oC.

Alumunium Making

Titanium Making

Thanks for your attention