Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
1 Etymology
2 History
Main articles: History of India and History of the
Republic of India
2
many regions of the subcontinent transitioned from the
Chalcolithic to the Iron Age.[26] The Vedas, the oldest
scriptures of Hinduism,[27] were composed during this
period,[28] and historians have analysed these to posit a
Vedic culture in the Punjab region and the upper Gangetic
Plain.[26] Most historians also consider this period to
have encompassed several waves of Indo-Aryan migration into the subcontinent from the north-west.[29][27][30]
The caste system arose during this period, which created a hierarchy of priests, warriors, free peasants and
traders, and lastly the indigenous peoples who were regarded as impure; and small tribal units gradually coalesced into monarchical, state-level polities.[31][32] On the
Deccan Plateau, archaeological evidence from this period
suggests the existence of a chiefdom stage of political
organisation.[26] In southern India, a progression to sedentary life is indicated by the large number of megalithic
monuments dating from this period,[33] as well as by
nearby traces of agriculture, irrigation tanks, and craft
traditions.[33]
HISTORY
ditions. Politically, by the 3rd century BCE, the kingdom of Magadha had annexed or reduced other states to
emerge as the Mauryan Empire.[41] The empire was once
thought to have controlled most of the subcontinent excepting the far south, but its core regions are now thought
to have been separated by large autonomous areas.[42][43]
The Mauryan kings are known as much for their empirebuilding and determined management of public life as for
Ashoka's renunciation of militarism and far-ung advocacy of the Buddhist dhamma.[44][45]
The Sangam literature of the Tamil language reveals
that, between 200 BCE and 200 CE, the southern
peninsula was being ruled by the Cheras, the Cholas,
and the Pandyas, dynasties that traded extensively with
the Roman Empire and with West and South-East
Asia.[46][47] In North India, Hinduism asserted patriarchal
control within the family, leading to increased subordination of women.[48][41] By the 4th and 5th centuries, the
Gupta Empire had created in the greater Ganges Plain
a complex system of administration and taxation that became a model for later Indian kingdoms.[49][50] Under the
Guptas, a renewed Hinduism based on devotion rather
than the management of ritual began to assert itself.[51]
The renewal was reected in a owering of sculpture
and architecture, which found patrons among an urban
elite.[50] Classical Sanskrit literature owered as well, and
Indian science, astronomy, medicine, and mathematics
made signicant advances.[50]
2.3
3
tradition and building upon the military technology of the
sultanate, the empire came to control much of peninsular India,[64] and was to inuence South Indian society for
long afterwards.[63]
Writing the will and testament of the Mughal king court in Persian, 15901595
In the early 16th century, northern India, being then under mainly Muslim rulers,[65] fell again to the superior
mobility and repower of a new generation of Central
Asian warriors.[66] The resulting Mughal Empire did not
stamp out the local societies it came to rule, but rather
balanced and pacied them through new administrative
practices[67][68] and diverse and inclusive ruling elites,[69]
leading to more systematic, centralised, and uniform
rule.[70] Eschewing tribal bonds and Islamic identity, especially under Akbar, the Mughals united their far-ung
realms through loyalty, expressed through a Persianised
culture, to an emperor who had near-divine status.[69] The
Mughal states economic policies, deriving most revenues
from agriculture[71] and mandating that taxes be paid in
the well-regulated silver currency,[72] caused peasants and
HISTORY
2.4
Modern India
5
newly canalled Punjab, led to increased food production for internal consumption.[99] The railway network
provided critical famine relief,[100] notably reduced the
cost of moving goods,[100] and helped nascent Indianowned industry.[99] After World War I, in which some
one million Indians served,[101] a new period began. It
was marked by British reforms but also repressive legislation, by more strident Indian calls for self-rule, and
by the beginnings of a non-violent movement of noncooperation, of which Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
would become the leader and enduring symbol.[102] During the 1930s, slow legislative reform was enacted by
the British; the Indian National Congress won victories
in the resulting elections.[103] The next decade was beset with crises: Indian participation in World War II, the
Congresss nal push for non-cooperation, and an upsurge
of Muslim nationalism. All were capped by the advent of
independence in 1947, but tempered by the partition of
A topographic map of India
India into two states: India and Pakistan.[104]
Vital to Indias self-image as an independent nation was
its constitution, completed in 1950, which put in place
a secular and democratic republic.[105] In the 60 years
since, India has had a mixed record of successes and
failures.[106] It has remained a democracy with civil liberties, an active Supreme Court, and a largely independent press.[106] Economic liberalisation, which was
begun in the 1990s, has created a large urban middle
class, transformed India into one of the worlds fastestgrowing economies,[107] and increased its geopolitical
clout. Indian movies, music, and spiritual teachings
play an increasing role in global culture.[106] Yet, India is also shaped by seemingly unyielding poverty, both
rural and urban;[106] by religious and caste-related violence;[108] by Maoist-inspired Naxalite insurgencies;[109]
and by separatism in Jammu and Kashmir and in Northeast India.[110] It has unresolved territorial disputes with
China,[111] and with Pakistan.[111] The IndiaPakistan nuclear rivalry came to a head in 1998.[112] Indias sustained
democratic freedoms are unique among the worlds new
nations; however, in spite of its recent economic successes, freedom from want for its disadvantaged population remains a goal yet to be achieved.[113]
Geography
4 BIODIVERSITY
to severe oods and course changes.[123] Major peninsular rivers, whose steeper gradients prevent their waters
from ooding, include the Godavari, the Mahanadi, the
Kaveri, and the Krishna, which also drain into the Bay
of Bengal;[124] and the Narmada and the Tapti, which
drain into the Arabian Sea.[125] Coastal features include
the marshy Rann of Kutch of western India and the alluvial Sundarbans delta of eastern India; the latter is shared
with Bangladesh.[126] India has two archipelagos: the
Lakshadweep, coral atolls o Indias south-western coast;
and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a volcanic chain
in the Andaman Sea.[127]
The Indian climate is strongly inuenced by the Himalayas and the Thar Desert, both of which drive the
economically and culturally pivotal summer and winter
monsoons.[128] The Himalayas prevent cold Central Asian
katabatic winds from blowing in, keeping the bulk of
the Indian subcontinent warmer than most locations at
similar latitudes.[129][130] The Thar Desert plays a crucial
role in attracting the moisture-laden south-west summer
monsoon winds that, between June and October, provide
the majority of Indias rainfall.[128] Four major climatic
groupings predominate in India: tropical wet, tropical
dry, subtropical humid, and montane.[131]
Biodiversity
5.1
Government
Politics
7
gency, was voted in. Its government lasted just over three
years. Voted back into power in 1980, the Congress saw
a change in leadership in 1984, when Indira Gandhi was
assassinated; she was succeeded by her son Rajiv Gandhi,
who won an easy victory in the general elections later that
year. The Congress was voted out again in 1989 when a
National Front coalition, led by the newly formed Janata
Dal in alliance with the Left Front, won the elections; that
government too proved relatively short-lived: it lasted just
under two years.[151] Elections were held again in 1991;
no party won an absolute majority. But the Congress, as
the largest single party, was able to form a minority government led by P. V. Narasimha Rao.[152]
A two-year period of political turmoil followed the general election of 1996. Several short-lived alliances shared
power at the centre. The BJP formed a government
briey in 1996; it was followed by two comparatively
long-lasting United Front coalitions, which depended on
external support. In 1998, the BJP was able to form a
successful coalition, the National Democratic Alliance
(NDA). Led by Atal Bihari Vajpayee, the NDA became
the rst non-Congress, coalition government to complete
a ve-year term.[153] In the 2004 Indian general elections,
again no party won an absolute majority, but the Congress
emerged as the largest single party, forming another successful coalition: the United Progressive Alliance (UPA).
It had the support of left-leaning parties and MPs who opposed the BJP. The UPA returned to power in the 2009
general election with increased numbers, and it no longer
required external support from Indias communist parties.[154] That year, Manmohan Singh became the rst
prime minister since Jawaharlal Nehru in 1957 and 1962
to be re-elected to a consecutive ve-year term.[155] In the
2014 general election, Bharatiya Janata Party became the
rst political party since 1984 to win a majority and govern without the support of other parties.[156]
5.1 Government
Main article: Government of India
See also: Elections in India
India is a federation with a parliamentary system governed under the Constitution of India, which serves as
the countrys supreme legal document. It is a constitutional republic and representative democracy, in which
"majority rule is tempered by minority rights protected
by law". Federalism in India denes the power distribution between the federal government and the states.
The government abides by constitutional checks and balances. The Constitution of India, which came into eect
on 26 January 1950,[157] states in its preamble that India
is a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic.[158]
Indias form of government, traditionally described as
quasi-federal with a strong centre and weak states,[159]
has grown increasingly federal since the late 1990s as a
result of political, economic, and social changes.[160][161]
5 POLITICS
5.2
Subdivisions
22. Rajasthan
23. Sikkim
9
26. Tripura
27. Uttar Pradesh
28. Uttarakhand
29. West Bengal
Union territories
1. Andaman and Nicobar Islands
2. Chandigarh
3. Dadra and Nagar Haveli
4. Daman and Diu
5. Lakshadweep
6. National Capital Territory of Delhi
while the fourth, the 1971 war, followed from Indias support for the independence of Bangladesh.[180] After waging the 1962 Sino-Indian War and the 1965 war with Pakistan, India pursued close military and economic ties with
the Soviet Union; by the late 1960s, the Soviet Union was
its largest arms supplier.[181]
Aside from ongoing strategic relations with Russia, India has wide-ranging defence relations with Israel and
France. In recent years, it has played key roles in the
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation and
the World Trade Organisation. The nation has provided
100,000 military and police personnel to serve in 35 UN
peacekeeping operations across four continents. It participates in the East Asia Summit, the G8+5, and other multilateral forums.[182] India has close economic ties with
South America,[183] Asia, and Africa; it pursues a Look
East policy that seeks to strengthen partnerships with
the ASEAN nations, Japan, and South Korea that revolve
around many issues, but especially those involving economic investment and regional security.[184][185]
7. Puducherry
10
weapons at the time and was not party to the Nuclear
Non-Proliferation Treaty, it received waivers from the
International Atomic Energy Agency and the Nuclear
Suppliers Group, ending earlier restrictions on Indias nuclear technology and commerce. As a consequence, India
became the sixth de facto nuclear weapons state.[192] India subsequently signed cooperation agreements involving civilian nuclear energy with Russia,[193] France,[194]
the United Kingdom,[195] and Canada.[196]
The President of India is the supreme commander of
the nations armed forces; with 1.325 million active
troops, they compose the worlds third-largest military.[197] It comprises the Indian Army, the Indian Navy,
and the Indian Air Force; auxiliary organisations include
the Strategic Forces Command and three paramilitary
groups: the Assam Ries, the Special Frontier Force,
and the Indian Coast Guard.[198] The ocial Indian
defence budget for 2011 was US$36.03 billion, or 1.83%
of GDP.[199] For the scal year spanning 20122013,
US$40.44 billion was budgeted.[200] According to a 2008
SIPRI report, Indias annual military expenditure in terms
of purchasing power stood at US$72.7 billion,[201] In
2011, the annual defence budget increased by 11.6%,[202]
although this does not include funds that reach the military through other branches of government.[203] As of
2012, India is the worlds largest arms importer; between
2007 and 2011, it accounted for 10% of funds spent
on international arms purchases.[204] Much of the military expenditure was focused on defence against Pakistan
and countering growing Chinese inuence in the Indian
Ocean.[202]
7 ECONOMY
US$2.047 trillion; it is the eleventh-largest economy
by market exchange rates, and is, at US$7.277 trillion, the third-largest by purchasing power parity, or
PPP.[9] With its average annual GDP growth rate of 5.8%
over the past two decades, and reaching 6.1% during
201112,[206] India is one of the worlds fastest-growing
economies.[207] However, the country ranks 140th in the
world in nominal GDP per capita and 129th in GDP per
capita at PPP.[208] Until 1991, all Indian governments
followed protectionist policies that were inuenced by
socialist economics. Widespread state intervention and
regulation largely walled the economy o from the outside world. An acute balance of payments crisis in 1991
forced the nation to liberalise its economy;[209] since then
it has slowly moved towards a free-market system[210][211]
by emphasising both foreign trade and direct investment
inows.[212] Indias recent economic model is largely
capitalist.[211] India has been a member of WTO since
1 January 1995.[213]
as of 2014, the Indian economy is nominally worth Indias telecommunication industry, the worlds fastest-
11
growing, added 227 million subscribers during the period
201011,[221] and after the rst quarter of 2013, India
surpassed Japan to become the third largest smartphone
market in the world after China and the U.S.[222]
Its automotive industry, the worlds second fastest growing, increased domestic sales by 26% during 2009
10,[223] and exports by 36% during 200809.[224] Power
capacity is 250 gigawatts, of which 8% is renewable. At
the end of 2011, Indian IT Industry employed 2.8 million
professionals, generated revenues close to US$100 billion
equalling 7.5% of Indian GDP and contributed 26% of
Indias merchandise exports.[225]
According to a 2011 PricewaterhouseCoopers report, Indias GDP at purchasing power parity could overtake that
of the United States by 2045.[241] During the next four
decades, Indian GDP is expected to grow at an annualised average of 8%, making it potentially the worlds
fastest-growing major economy until 2050.[241] The report highlights key growth factors: a young and rapidly
growing working-age population; growth in the manufacturing sector because of rising education and engineering
skill levels; and sustained growth of the consumer market
driven by a rapidly growing middle class.[241] The World
Bank cautions that, for India to achieve its economic potential, it must continue to focus on public sector reform,
transport infrastructure, agricultural and rural development, removal of labour regulations, education, energy
security, and public health and nutrition.[242]
The Pharmaceutical industry in India is among the significant emerging markets for global pharma industry. The
Indian pharmaceutical market is expected to reach $48.5
billion by 2020. Indias R & D spending constitutes 60%
of Biopharmaceutical industry.[226][227] India is among
the top 12 Biotech destinations of the world.[228] [229] The
Indian biotech industry grew by 15.1% in 201213, increasing its revenues from 204.4 Billion INR (Indian Rupees) to 235.24 Billion INR (3.94 B US$ - exchange rate
June 2013: 1 US$ approx. 60 INR)[230] Although hardly
2% of Indians pay income taxes.[231]
8 Demographics
Main article: Demographics of India
With 1,210,193,422 residents reported in the 2011 provisional census,[8] India is the worlds second-most populous country. Its population grew at 1.76% per annum during 20012011,[8] down from 2.13% per annum in the previous decade (19912001).[247] The human sex ratio, according to the 2011 census, is 940 females per 1,000 males.[8] The median age was 24.9 in
the 2001 census.[198] The rst post-colonial census, conducted in 1951, counted 361.1 million people.[248] Medical advances made in the last 50 years as well as in-
12
9 CULTURE
9 Culture
Main article: Culture of India
Indian cultural history spans more than 4,500 years.[267]
During the Vedic period (c. 1700 500 BCE), the foundations of Hindu philosophy, mythology, theology and
literature were laid, and many beliefs and practices which
still exist today, such as dhrma, krma, yga, and moka,
were established.[16] India is notable for its religious diversity, with Hinduism, Sikhism, Islam, Christianity, and
Jainism among the nations major religions.[268] The predominant religion, Hinduism, has been shaped by various historical schools of thought, including those of
the Upanishads,[269] the Yoga Sutras, the Bhakti movement,[268] and by Buddhist philosophy.[270]
9.3
Performing arts
13
ets such as Kabr, Tulsds, and Guru Nnak. This period was characterised by a varied and wide spectrum
of thought and expression; as a consequence, medieval
Indian literary works diered signicantly from classical traditions.[287] In the 19th century, Indian writers
took a new interest in social questions and psychological descriptions. In the 20th century, Indian literature
was inuenced by the works of Bengali poet and novelist
Rabindranath Tagore.[288]
A sculpture fashioned in the Gandharan tradition depicting Gautama Buddha, founder of Buddhism, at the Tokyo National Museum
9.2
Literature
The earliest literary writings in India, composed between 1400 BCE and 1200 CE, were in the Sanskrit
language.[278][279] Prominent works of this Sanskrit literature include epics such as the Mahbhrata and the
Ramayana, the dramas of Klidsa such as the Abhijnakuntalam (The Recognition of akuntal), and poetry
such as the Mahkvya.[280][281][282] Kamasutra, the famous book about sexual intercourse also originated in
India. Developed between 600 BCE and 300 CE in
South India, the Sangam literature, consisting of 2,381
poems, is regarded as a predecessor of Tamil literature.[283][284][285][286] From the 14th to the 18th centuries,
Indias literary traditions went through a period of drastic change because of the emergence of devotional po-
14
9 CULTURE
9.4
Motion pictures
The Indian lm industry produces the worlds mostwatched cinema.[293] Established regional cinematic traditions exist in the Assamese, Bengali, Hindi, Kannada,
Malayalam, Punjabi, Gujarati, Marathi, Oriya, Tamil,
and Telugu languages.[294] South Indian cinema attracts
more than 75% of national lm revenue.[295] Television broadcasting began in India in 1959 as a state-run
medium of communication, and had slow expansion for
more than two decades.[296] The state monopoly on television broadcast ended in the 1990s and, since then, satellite channels have increasingly shaped popular culture of
Indian society.[297] Today, television is the most penetrative media in India; industry estimates indicate that as of
2012 there are over 554 million TV consumers, 462 million with satellite and/or cable connections, compared to
other forms of mass media such as press (350 million),
radio (156 million) or internet (37 million).[298]
9.5
Society
touchability to be illegal[300] in 1947 and has since enacted other anti-discriminatory laws and social welfare
initiatives. At the workplace in urban India and in international or leading Indian companies, the caste related
identication has pretty much lost its importance.[301][302]
Family values are important in the Indian tradition, and
multi-generational patriarchal joint families have been
the norm in India, though nuclear families are becoming common in urban areas.[303] An overwhelming majority of Indians, with their consent, have their marriages
arranged by their parents or other family members.[304]
Marriage is thought to be for life,[304] and the divorce rate
is extremely low.[305] Child marriages are common, especially in rural areas; many women in India wed before
reaching 18, which is their legal marriageable age.[306]
Female infanticide in India and female foeticide in India have caused a discrepancy in the sex ratio, as of 2005
it was estimated that there were 50 million more males
than females in the nation.[307][308] However the recent
report from 2011 shown improvement among the gender ratio.[309] The payment of Dowry, although illegal, remains widespread across class lines.[310] Deaths resulting
from dowry, mostly from bride burning, is on the rise.[311]
Many Indian festivals are religious in origin; among them
are Chhath, Christmas, Diwali, Durga Puja, Bakr-Id, Eid
ul-Fitr, Ganesh Chaturthi, Holi, Makar Sankranti or Uttarayan, Navratri, Thai Pongal, and Vaisakhi. India has
three national holidays which are observed in all states
and union territories: Republic Day, Independence Day,
and Gandhi Jayanti. Other sets of holidays, varying between nine and twelve, are ocially observed in individual states.
Throughout India, many people practice customs and
religious rituals, such as "Saskra, which is a series
of personal sacraments and rites conducted at various
stages throughout life.[312]
9.6 Clothing
Main article: Clothing in India
Cotton was domesticated in India by 4000 B.C.E. Traditional Indian dress varies in colour and style across regions and depends on various factors, including climate
and faith. Popular styles of dress include draped garments such as the sari for women and the dhoti or lungi
for men. Stitched clothes, such as the shalwar kameez
for women and kurtapyjama combinations or Europeanstyle trousers and shirts for men, are also popular.[313] Use
of delicate jewellery, modelled on real owers worn in ancient India, is part of a tradition dating back some 5,000
years; gemstones are also worn in India as talismans.[314]
9.7
9.7
Sport
15
Sport
Indian hockey team, captained by Dhyan Chand (standing second from left), after winning the nals at the 1936 Summer
Olympicstheir third of six consecutive Olympic golds.
In a career of twenty four-year span, Sachin Tendulkar has created almost all batting records, including most runs in both tests
and ODIs and most number of centuries in both tests and ODIs,
thus making him the most successful cricketer ever.
16
12
ing.
REFERENCES
10
See also
Outline of India
States of India
11
Notes
[12] Dunlop illustrated encyclopedia of facts, p. 91, by Norris McWhirter, Ross McWhirter
[1] "[...] Jana Gana Mana is the National Anthem of India, subject to such alterations in the words as the Government may authorise as occasion arises; and the song
Vande Mataram, which has played a historic part in the
struggle for Indian freedom, shall be honoured equally
with Jana Gana Mana and shall have equal status with
it. (Constituent Assembly of India 1950).
12
References
The
17
18
12
REFERENCES
[135] Puri.
19
[227] Indian pharmaceutical industrygrowth story to continue. Express Pharma. 15 January 2012. Retrieved 31
October 2012.
[228] Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sector in India: sector brieng by the UK Trade and Investment 2011,
utki.gov.uk
[201] Stockholm International Peace Research Institute 2008, p. [231] How Many People In India Pay Income Tax? Hardly
Anyone. 6 June 2013.
178.
[202] Miglani 2011.
[204] Stockholm International Peace Research Initiative 2012. [234] Indias rank improves to 55th position on global hunger
index. India times. October 13, 2014.
[205] Srivastava 2008, p. xxx.
[235] Social Statistics Division. Children in India 2012: A Sta[206] International Monetary Fund 2011, p. 2.
tistical Appraisal. Central Statistics Oce, Government
of India. pp. 1011. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
[207] Nayak, Goldar & Agrawal 2010, p. xxv.
[236] Drze & Goyal 2008, p. 46.
[208] International Monetary Fund.
[237] Pal & Ghosh 2007.
[209] Wolpert 2003, p. xiv.
[238] Transparency International 2010.
[210] Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 2007.
[239] British Broadcasting Corporation 2010 c.
[211] Gargan 1992.
[246] Moodys: Indian government single biggest factor weighing on outlook. 26 April 2012.
[222] Natasha Lomas (26 June 2013). India Passes Japan To [249] Rorabacher 2010, pp. 3539.
Become Third Largest Global Smartphone Market, After
China & U.S.. TechCrunch. AOL Inc. Retrieved 27 June [250] World Health Organisation 2006.
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[251] Boston Analytics 2009.
[223] Business Line 2010.
[252] Life expectancy in India (PDF). newspaper. Times of
[224] Express India 2009.
India.
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[310] Woman killed over dowry every hour in India. telegraph.com. 2 September 2013. Retrieved 10 February
2014.
[276] United Nations Educational, Scientic, and Cultural Or- [311] Rising number of dowry deaths in India:NCRB". thehindu.com. 7 August 2013. Retrieved 10 February 2014.
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[312] "India". Encyclopdia Britannica. Encyclopdia Britannica Online. Encyclopdia Britannica Inc., 2014. Web.
Retrieved 20 Jan. 2014.
[313] Tarlo 1996, pp. xii, xii, 11, 15, 28, 46.
21
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2006, Deepak D'Souza, Funnybunny, Dcyer, Tuspm, Whomp, Ambuj.Saxena, Ryulong, Chezhiyan, RichardF, Outsider2810, Skinsmoke,
Jose77, LaMenta3, Vikasapte, Sandwich Eater, Dl2000, Zameenzad, Amitch, Mallick, TJ Spyke, Hu12, Politepunk, Tut74749, Levineps,
Rao.tushar, Nehrams2020, HisSpaceResearch, Iridescent, Oneearth, Rayeld, Arpvarma, Gentlemaan, Peter M Dodge, Arnsy, Jeev,
Judgesurreal777, Bmaganti, Spartian, Joseph Solis in Australia, Theone00, Skapur, Rkarun, Bsskchaitanya, Nbaplayer, Digitalsurgeon,
Shankar vembu, Agaveman, J Di, Andyroser, Rajeevkasat, Cls14, RekishiEJ, Asprakash, Dp462090, Richard75, Keynes.john.maynard,
Vissax, Happy-melon, Bharatveer, Marysunshine, Color probe, Civil Engineer III, W123, Shyam karunakaran, Az1568, Adambiswanger1,
General Galavan, Bottesini, Rksande, Col. Kurtz, Hirenrao, Fdp, Yash512, Prem6630, Malickfan86, Tauolunga, Tawkerbot2, Vyasram,
Daniel5127, Ballyhoo1, Nquotes, Nobleeagle, RaviC, Maruth, Hammer Raccoon, Jibran1, Roxi2, Bluesargam, Pradeepbv, S um one Luvs
me, Sarvagnya, Phatmastafunk, Blueiris, Xcentaur, Grammatical error, Vince4uall, JForget, KNM, Akshaymarwah, Mebizzare, Ganeshbot,
Mophir, DangerousPanda, CRGreathouse, Phillip J, Rituraj8, CmdrObot, GeeWhizz, Prasad ichal, Darkred, Tobes00, Mattbr, Frankjwolf,
Risoto2000, Eewild, Bharatadesam, Ric36, Jorcoga, Papamenon04, Gtmshine, Sadaphal, Anonymous.coward, Mika1h, Furpee, Virgule82,
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Some P. Erson, Sankarsalvady, Moreschi, Abarag, Anil1956, Casper2k3, Zurkhardo, Zinjixmaggir, Two-three-four, KrunalDesai, Stefan
Jansen, Dare192, Arvindsubramaniam, Karenjc, MrFish, Sban812, Falcon7385, Nilfanion, Macdaddyyo512, The mokc, Sanjay Tiwari,
Cydebot, Beek man, Groovy12, Chhajjusandeep, Mayur.thakare, Bloodgulch92, MC10, Steel, Aristophanes68, Ramitmahajan, Meno25,
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FCLasdf, Sathyalal, Tsiddharth, Luckyherb, Amandajm, Akhileshsharma, Retired user 0002, Acs4b, Keepbalance, Dancter, Tapsboy,
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RevolverOcelotX, Simeon H, Davidmi711, Marek69, SouthernMan, Avinashovich, West Brom 4ever, Ahmed27, Bobblehead, Tjpob,
SGGH, Anshulbhide, James086, Itsmejudith, Patel24, Mwastrod, Abibaba, TXiKi, I love india, HERO4321, Gsuhasini, Talkwalkso,
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Amcguinn, Genesisjadon, Joynjoy, Majorly, Luna Santin, CodeWeasel, Nshuks7, Sirishar, Bob Dole3569, Ravipkb, Chairman Meow, Tpth,
Jayaddev, Quintote, Ruchi tspl, Robzz, Sachint in, Atavi, Penser, IndianGeneralist, Sudhirkbhargava, TexMurphy, Naveen Sankar, Phanikumarps, THEunique, Malcolm, Bata 43, Spencer, Alphachimpbot, Jayjrn, Blog Mav Rick, Alwayskeshav, Wayiran, Nithinr007, Pratyushdayal, Bmanisk, Maakhter, Jimeree, EyeMD, Timed, Myanw, Mehulagarwal, Dybdal, Canadian-Bacon, Kniwor, CraigNKeys, MikeLynch,
JAnDbot, Chaitanya.lala, Loveindia, Deective, Husond, Ekabhishek, Kaobear, Daryakhan, Felipe Menegaz, Barek, Ljhliesl, Bakasuprman,
15.1
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MPWilk, MER-C, Kedi the tramp, The Transhumanist, Mcorazao, Alaapdayal, Arch dude, Chanakyathegreat, Gretzkyv99, Vikramkamboj, Zaindy87, Hello32020, Ramesh.ganesan, KuwarOnline, Kiran3000, Georaza, Rueben lys, Hut 8.5, 100110100, GurchBot, Hemendra,
PhilKnight, Vaneetkaushal, Rothorpe, Shaileshas, Kshatriyaaz, Aaron46, Suduser85, LittleOldMe, Ashnet007, Imoeng, Aekbal, Joebengo,
Meeples, Petrux, GoldKanga, Psychoadonis, Mewtwowimmer, Krs5603, Magioladitis, Engine Gone Loco, Hroulf, Iyam01, Bongwarrior,
VoABot II, Hasan Zaidi, Mull3r, Sultanzahir, Sushant gupta, AuburnPilot, Dentren, Johravi, Wikihero, Camhusmj38, Kuyabribri, Hasek
is the best, JamesBWatson, Digitalfunda, Bibhu heaven 123, Maheshkumaryadav, Ashutoshg@sumtotalsystems.com, Siddhartharaina, Abstract Idiot, Anthony no123, TrainToSkaville, Hokiefan, Ishtyak, India Gate, Sodabottle, Tinucherian, Jim Douglas, Rimibchatterjee,
The Anomebot2, Pakistan 2005, Gr1st, Himalayanashoka, GroovySandwich, Mr.Karma, Soleado, Solodoc, Indon, Ankitsingh83, Thernlund, Tuncrypt, Ali'i, User86654, Rahul M, Brammen, HeBhagawan, Divyamsinghal, Ibkumar, Yasirian, Cailil, Anit.pimple, Hkelkar,
Pankaj112, Mihir1310, Parunach, JoergenB, Dharmadhyaksha, Supreme Unmanifest, S Seagal, Glen, Watashiwabakayo, Rif Wineld, DerHexer, Sun e, Edward321, Indianstar, Srinivara, Swadhyayee, Johnbrownsbody, Piyushindia, Pax:Vobiscum, Dr.-Je, Patstuart, AOEU,
Mschier, Smartinfoteck1, Scout faster than light, Vivekshandilya, S3000, Atulsnischal, Sharemind, S.U.H.E.L., Rustyfence, MartinBot,
Smartinfoteck2, Vigyani, Iamg, A suyash, Gkklein, Arjun01, Lordofthe, Wimdw, Robert25, Shahroze, The Dead Walk, Arundpt, Cholga,
Lioness55566, Keith D, Rigmahroll, Loki1106, Lioness555, Kvinayakpai, Mycroft7, CommonsDelinker, ASDFGH, Pgarg2000, Crazyparadigm, Ashwan, Easydriveforum, Lilac Soul, Rko 0907, Wiki Raja, Ssolbergj, Anand.bandaru, Bharatsiyer, Gnanapiti, Nev1, Gotyear,
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India1989, Richiekim, AztecWarrior, Gemini creations, Rohit 3550, 72Dino, VitaleBaby, Yonidebot, Padalkar.kshitij, Presidentajay,
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Fut, Odysseus 88, Rdhinakar, Jianghuali, Fox McCloud91, Mianhassan, Skateboarding118, Cop 663, Brownitus, Balsa10, Zkazim, Gzkn,
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Sonal31, Prhartcom, Asdfasdf321, Joshua Issac, Hnaluru, Ginesh, Pakhomovru, STBotD, GovindaR, Bogdan, Rebobbery, Ssault, Yosarian,
Mawatan, Webzone, Anagha dhumal, Amol.Gaitonde, Zeeshani, Icantcmieyes, Austinsexybeast, Ivazir, JimmySmitts, Jjhcap99, Musicshop13, Treisijs, Rajoshik, Tiwonk, King Toadsworth, Whbonney, Marshall313, Sarregouset, MichaelWolfgang, 49danesway, Acefox360,
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di Cavour, Idioma-bot, Redtigerxyz, Highelds, Apocalyptic Destroyer, Betterthanbond, Bhatele, Lokimon4009, Prithwirajt, MissGarbo,
007ketan, Sgtbarlo, Aard one, Neal777, UnicornTapestry, Roxanna samii, Fullmetalp, W2ch00, VolkovBot, ABHISHEKARORA, Jjclark,
Lovepool2001, Venkatesh.sridhar, Entourage brune, Shyamasundara Vetrivel, Harshabob, CSumit, Tookool4skewl, Sparkume, Uyvsdi,
Peskozoid31, Je G., Fundamental metric tensor, Butwhatdoiknow, Saurabh.msh, Theqmage, Nazmayet1, Msubozeman2004, Bhaskarswaroop, Yash chauhan2, Ilya1166, Sunilthombre, Estimation, Barneca, Kps2, Maxtremus, Koreansuperman, HomzUmrigar, TXiKiBoT, Anni
in, Usernomy785640, XavierGreen, Go4ash, Rizalninoynapoleon, Knverma, KookyChinatown, Theropane3u483, Hairy beast, Mravioli,
Vipinhari, Baileypalblue, A4bot, Shailbains, Sachincrai, Walor, Vishnbhatt, Userlogy110001, Koolvarun, Astronaut123, Usereco987654,
Vallabh143, Qxz, Krsj, AJ-India, Subuser123456, Trahern1994, Yksin, HimalayaShloka, Stonehill, HimalayanRise, Moolo1231231234,
HimalayanSnow, Dendodge, DennyColt, Claidheamohmor, JhsBot, Doctor Nigel Lewis, Slysplace, DyceBot, Broadbot, Aaron Hugh Brown,
Cerebralsun, Morristhepig11663, Hollinsgombayne, Neutroindic, Nutramul, Hollinsrigbyturner, AnthroExpert1, Vgranucci, Noor Aalam,
Q Chris, Soccerdude15, Maxim, Cosmos416, Sreejith.V.K, Nikkul, Smurfoid, Sriharsha vadlamani, Tidying Up, Eubulides, Mouse is
back, Tri400, D4niel11, Qwertylap, Usergreatpower, Guptawang, Bueker20, Bangalorevenkat, Sumitsethi1612, Ganesh341, Huniebunie,
Synthebot, BillHamiltonus, @pple, Sai2020, Iapain wiki, AjitPD, L.vivian.richard, Vikrant42, Merits4, Jethro 82, Rabinesh, Master of the
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0101, Khoenr, Jamesdude118, Abhiramesh, Bsreddys, Gangstadude, Munci, Shishir.krs, Sabhz, Liveangle, Sharadbob, Eloc Jcg, EmxBot,
Bobypt, Truemcrfan, NuKkEm, Minish, Demmy, Htrapj, XVreturns, Nickyrintala, FlamesBlaze, Arjun024, Ruraloccur, Avinesh, Hellothere07, Jellybelly88, Amandeep randhawa, Smhur, Sreejithcv, The Red Hat of Pat Ferrick, Chergles, Des1980, GoonerDP, SieBot,
Arun11, Zip600001, Ivan tambuk, Googlykabacha, Jtkachuk, Calliopejen1, Darrowen, Gprince007, Loggy1983, Manvinder513, Cae
prince, Indanman, Gfglegal, BotMultichill, WTucker, Tismalu, Mbz1, Dawn Bard, Universe=atom, Triwbe, Mujep4, Fastfalc222, Mazdakabedi, Astitv, Renatops, Zac28, Purbo T, Damanmundine1, KnowledgeHegemony, Pihu maahi, Legend124, Ante450, Sikhauthor,
Chahal k, Arbor to SJ, James.Denholm, Ventur, Mofos90210, Shaanu14, Stateofart, Janekpaul, Mitkannan, Robster1983, SPACKlick,
Thunda 4rm down unda, Indoles, Qasaqsuyu, Fazyninja, Cheap Fridge, Sarahjackson999, Dawar Rashid, Goustien, Kevincof, Raistudios, Ghousebarq, Lightmouse, Lara bran, Pavanmns, Vikasb2003, Boromir123, Lexmercatoria, Sharath mg2000, WATSYOURNAME,
Khanra, BenoniBot, Mtys, Fratrep, Madhavacharya, Abidume, Mitch1981, Branstu, Theeastyorkshiredude1983xss, Kemsell43, Gtadoc,
LonelyMarble, Andrij Kursetsky, Vice regent, 190319m9, Rathee, Bhushan shah, Mori Riyo, Aksera, Dawn PM, JustBeCool, Papon007,
BURNyA, Randomblue, Jake1192, Ghayyour, Dishands, Bowei Huang 2, TaerkastUA, Kiru patel27, Moonwiki, Dabomb87, Centrelink1,
Florentino oro, Neo., Neurophysics, Ajayr22, Verdadero, Skannan btech, Savie Kumara, Asimshaikh27, Angelo De La Paz, Ashusheva,
Miyokan, Budhen, Vivo78, Mantakk, Talalpa, Toprohan, Amankhanna22, Dancingwombatsrule, Deavenger, YellowAssessmentMonkey,
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crassicaudatus, Faizpunna, Giantcalledgrawp, Lokantha, Mravis123, MasterXC, Phuntsok2000, Prashantchandila, Vpuliva, IMOW, Bladere07, Shatrunjaymall, Kensplanet, ITA 01, Chimesmonster, Panda2DXtreme, Anmolrulezzz, NuclearVacuum, DragonBot, LeoFrank,
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BlueCaper, 7&6=thirteen, Us, Erigna, M.O.X, Showmethedoor, Esimal, Ameer350, Tpavfc, Empoleon44, LeatherEngine, Warrior4321,
Mickey gfss2007, SchreiberBike, Telugu2007, SyedNaqvi90, Sterry 03, Cocoliras, Ardeshire Babakan, Prof tpms, Vital brick 1, Chaosdruid, L.smitheld, Pspguy123, Bobbytheonlyone, Sarindam7, John JD Doe, Shj95, Sushilkumarmishra, Shiva Evolved, Samantha555,
Subash.chandran007, Murali nmv, Massvideogamer, Voxpop101, Rhp1462, Vanished user tj23rpoij4tikkd, IJA, MelonBot, FUtheresa,
Dudaery, Qwfp, Johnuniq, Wnt, Indopug, Abhishek727, Joyson Prabhu, Mayankgates, Nafsadh, Jaxer, DumZiBoT, Neelsb, Jsbr08, Zzapinercor, Miloman1, Lat88888888, Merdocx, Pichpich, Gnowor, Reecetta, Dheerajciet, Vayalir, Sajithps, Sandeepriya, Stickee, Dsr2008,
32
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Jovianeye, Allhailtuna, Pritsindhar, Birdswithfangs, Bhojanimihir, Steven407653, Rreagan007, Richard-of-Earth, Astral939, Youonlylivetwice, Amit20081980, Dr.Soft, Grmike, SilvonenBot, Nachiketdeo, Mm40, Casewicz, Ssaxena80, Dwilso, Good Olfactory, Lemmey,
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Altetendekrabbe, AnonyLog, Frammy7, DOI bot, Beamathan, Jnohlgren, Yoenit, Jojhutton, Betterusername, I am not a dog, Astromanity,
KnowledgeHegemonyPart2, GSMR, Yadavmahesh, EjsBot, Thaejas, Manmeets, Sirsharif, RedRose333, Parshantx, Pryde 01, Razimpatel,
Kiran 6853, Raunakroy, Elizaawesomexxx, Alvord12, CarsracBot, Claymorde, AI009, Lihaas, Talha, Sarvagyana guru, Protoftruth85,
Chzz, Debresser, Buddha24, Jamfad, ChenzwBot, Rajpoot91, CarTick, Qbit77, LinkFA-Bot, Jasper Deng, Blaylockjam10, Vyom25,
HAHS 25, Fireaxe888, Chirayushah, Light48, Lakshmix, Numbo3-bot,
, Khalistan5, Ajithchandra, Steed Asprey - 171, Alan16,
Lightbot, Lee Sung Goo, SPat, Caoslinger, Tnlock, Jarble, MintCond, Emperor Genius, Cchow2, Waltloc, Rnkroy, Gopeople, ARUenergy, Enthusiast10, Legobot, Kurtis, Karan.102, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Willydick, Ptbotgourou, Santhoshrayala, Aditya Gautam, Pectore,
Nirvana888, RRuk, Bugnot, Karan112, OpelC,
, Ayrton Prost, DualHelix, MHLU, Wiki.de, South Bay, Hazardasd, Mel Vilander,
Jmaddux23, Magog the Ogre, Szajci, Kalarimaster, Bility, , Krzy32, AnomieBOT, AmritasyaPutra, Sorpatal, Ryallabandi, Hello2abir,
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IIIraute, Kavesh 1, SporkBot, Amitabh1986, Makecat, Mdmday, Samuel de mazarin, Laurelenril, Highvale, Milei.vencel, Faisalpcs, StasMalyga, Incognito222, Intelligentsock, Calvin Lourdes He, Kill me when i die, Hanskamal, Karthikndr, Creatanacount, Helomynameisbob,
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ChuispastonBot, Brad78, Pakistan Zindabad 2010, Italiano111, Iamjamesbond007, Srainywall, Justice007, Sonal.sarkar, Fireblaze120,
JanetteDoe, Coolrockstar999, List of largest consumer markets, Vizziee, Pramod pramd7, Indian1985, Jrsanthosh, Llightex, DrMKVaish, Chandraguptamaurya, Penpaperpencil, Armenia81, Marshmir, CHANABS, Amanhanda, Mjbmrbot, Socialservice, Jainmugdha,
ResearchRave, Gopalbitode, Rohith goura, Rhadamanthus222, Karan1974, ClueBot NG, Manoj2259, Ayusharora2010, Michaelmas1957,
Pradyumnas741, Pebble101, CocuBot, LogX, Sdht, IvanCrives, Anubhavsharmaa, Bulldog73, Fauzan, Aftersometime, Kaverijha23, Johnmylove, Rossi101, Ladnam.navohsus, Niraj2000, Winston786, Bitzwshop, Tinpisa, Prateekramachandra, Hindustanilanguage, Frietjes,
Twillisjr, Hazhk, Sainath468, Aurora Glory Paradise, AgniKalpa, Taro James, A szu, Mannjani, Hind meri jaan, Dharam00000007,
Athlour, Touchtheskywithglory, Sujit900, Babuonwiki, Abhishekc2q, Irrigator, Bharath Ram, Lawsonstu, Sherwin1995, Spbone, Vibhijain, North Atlanticist Usonian, Chindia (China-India), RakiSykes, Secret of success, KS700, Neelraxit, Mightymights, Helpful Pixie Bot,
Thisthat2011, Varnam06, Kurienne, Omer123hussain, Jjoy3646, Ayanosh, Strike Eagle, Titodutta, Tobinkoshy, Kondi, Voldemort175,
Asfak95, David Fraudly, Gauravjuvekar, Hrihr, Lowercase sigmabot, BG19bot, Realhistorybu, TGilmour, MKar, Success123$, Theman244, Bismaydash, Hz.tiang, Navhus, Madstat, Satvats, Adityajoardar9, PhnomPencil, Divineabrahamda, Malaikaran, HIDECCHI001,
Kalkibhagwan, Tjl1128, George feliciouz, AvocatoBot, Shivansh.ganjoo, Darkness Shines, Nachhattardhammu, Philpm930, Dude7190,
Ravelnine, EarthShocker, Computersagar, Tapuu, Mark Arsten, Anil 666, Rmantech, Ahsen95, Randor1980, Ksanthosh89, Compfreak7,
Dragonbooster4, FutureTrillionaire, Ajayupai95, Vikas kv, Dipankan001, Saket301990, Maahmaah, Cadiomals, Pritishp333, Distributor108, Mayuri.sandhanshiv, Sauood07, Veankata333, Shueclick, Jack Silver1000, Janmejai, Joshua Jonathan, Jaykishore.behera07,
Sav.ann, Samstier, Vishnu iyer, Mozzini66, Gaurav38, Iamtrhino, Sheikh Mohammad Shahzeb, DistributorScientiae, Dhruvgupta97, Kannan.529, Surtalnar, Philpill691, Arinjatt, Desijattt, Chinnz, Havantshire, Jayadevp13, TejasDiscipulus2, Ubiquinoid, Somesh.kanti, Scuppers1, Anandravi Striker18, Anshulkumardhiman, Adamstraw99, AntanO, Tbismonte0127, Vanischenu, Klilidiplomus, John.kakoty, Niel
Mokerjee, PsiEpsilon, Neetesh000, Mahendrabalan, Anbu121, WebTV3, Rajashekar india3434, Srinivsn, Shredder2012, Orangewhitegreen, Aayush18, Amaltash, Nicdb, IHaveMagicBalls, BattyBot, Factsearch, Saturn HT, CorrectKnowledge, Zondrah89, Kirankasve86,
Ayushpranshu, Dav subrajathan.357, Cleanton, Richmasterninja, Debojyoti Bhattacharya, Glinfy, Kaushalskaloo, Raghu-holkar, Varghesejacob, Gundu1000, Ling.Nut3, Rohansingh.31, Mdann52, Stausifr, SaibAbaVenkatesh, Sandu065, Mrt3366, Cyberbot II, Samuelled,
Akbar795, Luckydhaliwal, ChrisGualtieri, Klemenz, Adnan bogi, Min2winit, Rajmohannatesan, TheJJJunk, TheTigerKing, Khazar2,
Jaichetr, Soulparadox, Indiantrain123, Lanet303, Johnny Walking, Ekren, Mir Almaat 1 S1, Stumink, Tow, Cpt.a.haddock, Soni,
Vickle1777, Harsh 2580, BrightStarSky, Dexbot, Zeeyanwiki, Yash!, Pankaz Jain, 007dhamot, Br'er Rabbit, Rajkrishnan R, Swarupskd.wiki, Veer2211, Abitoby, Claricationgiven, Binilmathew, Chris Hughes 11, Shreyas.shridhar, HasanFerdinand, Cantab12, Samudrakula, Vaibhavgupta1989, Rajaashoka, The Witty Warrior, Svpnikhil, Arjuncm3, Hoshigaki, Vikashgm, Jemappelleungarcon, Daman-
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mokha, PCWren&HMartin, Agney Patel, Balachandar13893, Srbhanja, RTPking, Danny Sprinkle, RotlinkBot, Anand0408ib, Neelkamala,
Viren rana, Miscong, Raulcaeser, Tamilyomen, Grvchdhry, Faizan, Sanpatrick81, Gosaviyogiraj, Amandawart, CsDix, Irahulpandey,
Capitals00, I am One of Many, Pjohn899, Wise Droid, Eshwar.om, Amritpreetsingh, Aditya thaokar, Rockonomics, Inglok, Lord Superior, Jino amal, Hendrick 99, Agletarang, Yogeshmanage09, Evano1van, Vgnome, Shivamnk, EvergreenFir, Syamsunders, Cherubinirules,
Dwscomet, Crandshaft, Anupama Srinivas, Prayagpathak, Noskcaj10, Gabbarsingh07, MJ Soquerata, UsmanKhanDiri, Wikiuser13, Tortie tude, Alurujaya, Ugog Nizdast, 1, Nikhilmn2002, , ThinkingYouth, Eagle3399, Niv.eno.nesohc, Zaketo, Puma
sajuk, MohaddesTop, My name is not dave, Viveklafarge, Zinoural, Gillemc, The Rahul Jain, FireySixtySeven, Traitortanmay, Shakeheitor, Programingcraze007, Yashskys, Sumitavan, Politicak, Elissame724, Sumit261093, OwnDealers, S9971706h, Visakha veera, Ramsingh12, Swapnilshelatkar, Bladesmulti, Ashishkumar19952501, Surjit12, Nisha Panicker, VsrikanthV, Bojo1498, Goodfaith17, Wherethelinesoverlap, Vikassahu60, MuhammadIhtsham, Rahulkn, CsCMRd, Himanshukun33, Hemant Dabral, AnkurCC, Lakun.patra, Uck22,
Trmwikifa, Nouduri Lakshmi Srinivas, Nehapant19, Rohith.ravichandran.1, JohnSmith5000100, Mahusha, Brian Balingit, ,
Amanraj6, Monkbot, Fiontain, Orangoottan, Afroze.shaik, Rks.sng, Ryopus, Hjalnobel, Lugnuthemvar, Arjunjmenon1, Magmar3, Arshad
Roshan.a.a, Ainalhala, Calypsomusic, NBAkid, Owais Khursheed, Grsh90, Lamzhiliang, Cassandra Truth, Jenishjain17, Ssven2, Sudhir7777, Jin khatama, Bioasia2013, Shiva767, TanmayaPanda, SandeepSinghToor, Rajesh.sikar, Police guys, Hawkblooded, Smartman
ashish, NQ, Ghatus, Hemanth kumar surapaneni, Avantiputra7, Aaronjohn92, Tanmaygaur5, Cyntiamaspian, Shivam kr. Singh, ZulzarAli,
Anee003, Unocha.visual, Plutowuto, Noxboy, WikiImprovment78, Muzikbox, Krishnachaitan, Hemanth surapaneni 007 and Anonymous:
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File:A_photo_on_power_loom.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/A_photo_on_power_loom.JPG License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Thamizhpparithi Maari
File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg Source:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_
projection%29.svg License: ? Contributors: Map by Ssolbergj
Aquarius.geomar.de
Original artist:Koyos + Ssolbergj (<a href='//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Ssolbergj' title='User talk:Ssolbergj'>talk</a>)
File:Barack_Obama_at_Parliament_of_India_in_New_Delhi_addressing_Joint_session_of_both_houses_2010.jpg
Source:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Barack_Obama_at_Parliament_of_India_in_New_Delhi_addressing_Joint_
session_of_both_houses_2010.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: http://www.flickr.com/photos/whitehouse/5246059812/in/
set-72157625560847260/ Original artist: The White House
File:Big_Temple-Temple.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Big_Temple-Temple.jpg License: CCBY-SA-2.5 Contributors: Transferred from en.wikipedia; transferred to Commons by User:BishkekRocks using CommonsHelper. Original
artist: Original uploader was Fastsix at en.wikipedia
File:British_Indian_Empire_1909_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/
36/British_Indian_Empire_1909_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: Oxford University Press,
1909. Scanned and reduced from personal copy by <a href='//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Fowler%26fowler' class='extiw' title='en:
User:Fowler,<span>,&,</span>,fowler'>Fowler&fowler</a><a href='//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Fowler%26fowler' class='extiw'
title='en:User talk:Fowler,<span>,&,</span>,fowler'>Talk</a> 18:10, 5 August 2007 (UTC) Original artist: Edinburgh Geographical Institute; J. G. Bartholomew and Sons.
File:Commons-logo.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Original
artist: ?
File:Cscr-featured.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Original
artist: ?
File:Emblem_of_India.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg License: Public domain Contributors: www.supremecourtofindia.nic.in Original artist: Dened by the Indian government as national emblem
File:Flag_of_Afghanistan.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Flag_of_Afghanistan.svg License: CC0
Contributors: http://openclipart.org/detail/24112/flag-of-afghanistan-by-anonymous-24112 Original artist:
File:Flag_of_Argentina.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Based on: http://www.manuelbelgrano.gov.ar/bandera_colores.htm Original artist: (Vector graphics by Dbenbenn)
File:Flag_of_Australia.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg License: ? Contributors: ?
Original artist: ?
File:Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg License: Public
domain Contributors: http://www.dcaa.com.bd/Modules/CountryProfile/BangladeshFlag.aspx Original artist: User:SKopp
File:Flag_of_Bhutan.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: Originally from the Open Clip Art website, then replaced with an improved version. Original artist: w:en:User:Nightstallion
(original uploader), the author of xrmap (improved version)
File:Flag_of_Brazil.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Original
artist: ?
File:Flag_of_Brunei.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg License: CC0 Contributors:
From the Open Clip Art website. Original artist: User:Nightstallion
File:Flag_of_Cambodia.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg License: CC0 Contributors: File:Flag_of_Cambodia.svg Original artist: Draw new ag by User:
_
File:Flag_of_Canada.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Flag_of_Europe.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: Original artist:User:Verdy p, User:-x-, User:Paddu, User:Nightstallion, User:Funakoshi, User:Jeltz, User:Dbenbenn, User:
Zscout370
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File:Flag_of_Maldives.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: user:Nightstallion
File:Flag_of_Mauritius.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Zscout370
File:Flag_of_Mexico.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg License: Public domain
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File:Flag_of_Myanmar.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg License: CC0 Contributors: Open Clip Art Original artist: Unknown
File:Flag_of_Nepal.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Constitution of The Kingdom of Nepal, Article 5, Schedule 1 [1] Original artist: Drawn by User:Pumbaa80, User:Achim1999
File:Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg License:
Public domain Contributors: http://www.mch.govt.nz/files/NZ%20Flag%20-%20proportions.JPG Original artist: Zscout370, Hugh Jass
and many others
File:Flag_of_Pakistan.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: The drawing and the colors were based from agspot.net. Original artist: User:Zscout370
File:Flag_of_Russia.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Original
artist: ?
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CC0 Contributors: the actual ag Original artist: Unknown
File:Flag_of_Singapore.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg License: Public domain Contributors: The drawing was based from http://app.www.sg/who/42/National-Flag.aspx. Colors from the book: (2001). The
National Symbols Kit. Singapore: Ministry of Information, Communications and the Arts. pp. 5. ISBN 8880968010 Pantone 032 shade from
http://www.pantone.com/pages/pantone/colorfinder.aspx?c_id=13050 Original artist: Various
File:Flag_of_South_Africa.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Per specications in the Constitution of South Africa, Schedule 1 - National ag Original artist: Flag design by
Frederick Brownell, image by Wikimedia Commons users
File:Flag_of_South_Korea.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Ordinance Act of the Law concerning the National Flag of the Republic of Korea, Construction and color guidelines
(Russian/English) This site is not exist now.(2012.06.05) Original artist: Various
File:Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg License: Public domain Contributors: SLS 693 - National ag of Sri Lanka Original artist: Zscout370
File:Flag_of_Thailand.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: Own work Original artist: Zscout370
File:Flag_of_Turkey.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: Turkish Flag Law (Trk Bayra Kanunu), Law nr. 2893 of 22 September 1983. Text (in Turkish) at the website of the
Turkish Historical Society (Trk Tarih Kurumu) Original artist: David Benbennick (original author)
File:Flag_of_Vietnam.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg License: Public domain Contributors: http://vbqppl.moj.gov.vn/law/vi/1951_to_1960/1955/195511/195511300001 http://vbqppl.moj.gov.vn/vbpq/Lists/
Vn%20bn%20php%20lut/View_Detail.aspx?ItemID=820 Original artist: Lu Ly v li theo ngun trn
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