ლქიმიის ფსიქიკური ბუნება

karl gustav iungi
1875 - 1961
Sveicarieli karl gustav iungi daibada Raribi
mRvdlis ojaxSi, magram naTesavebis daxmarebiT man SeZlo
eswavla bazelis saukeTeso gimnaziaSi. bavSvobidanve
gulCaTxrobil iungs arasodes hyolia megobrebi, gare
samyaros Znelad egueboda da sakuTari azrebis samyaroSi
cxovrobda. igi Tavad iyo klasikuri magaliTi im tipisa,
rasac mogvianebiT ìntroverti~ uwoda.
1890 wels, ciurixis klinikaSi muSaobisas, iungi froidis ideebis mimdevari
da misi Teoriis propagandisti gaxda. ver vityviT, rom iungisa da froidis
urTierToba yovelTvis megobruli iyo. miuxedavad imisa, rom igi aRiarebda
froidis avtoritets da Tavis maswavlebladac Tvlida, mainc bevr sakiTxSi
ar eTanxnmeboda da 1913 wels maTi urTierToba sabolood dasrulda.
Tavad iungi froids aRiqvamda, rogorc tragikulsa da amave dros diad
pirovnebas. iungi ganxeTqilebis mizezad miiCnevda Tavis namuSevars `libidos
saxecvlilebebi da simboloebi~. iq, sadac froidi xedavda mxolod seqsualur
motivebsa da Zaladobisadmi ltolvas, iungi aRmoaCenda qaluri da mamakacuri
sawyisis Serwymas, agreTve individualuri da koleqtiuri faqtorebis ga
dajaWvas. am cnebaTa sistemad gaerTianebis saqmeSi iungs daexmara sakuTari
kvlevebi kulturisa da religiis istoriaSi, aseve misi umdidresi fsiqo
Terapiuli praqtika.
iungis mixedviT arsebobs azrovnebis ori tipi _ logikuri da intuiciu
ri. logikuri azrovnebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia mimarTeba gare samyarosTan.
igi gansjiTa da gaazrebiT mimdinareobs, rac did Zalisxmevasa da nebisyofas
saWiroebs. pirvel rigSi masTan dakavSirebulia mecniereba, teqnika, in
dustria, rac realobis kontrolis iaraRia. mxatvruli SemoqmedebisTvis,
miTologiisa da religiisTvis ki aucilebelia adamianisTvis sruliad bu
nebrivi warmosaxvis unari. aseTi azrovneba araxelsayrelia gare samyaros
Tan SeguebisTvis, radgan igi scildeba realobas da gadadis fantaziisa da
ocnebis samyaroSi.
adamianis fsiqika aracnobieri da cnobieri procesebis erTobliobaa,
romlis elementebs Soris mudmivad xdeba energiis gacvla. Zvelad adamianebi
avtoris Sesaxeb
sizmars, halucinacias RvTis madlad miiCnevdnen, radgan am dros pirdapir

kontaqtSi SevdivarT koleqtiur aracnobierTan.
307
karl gustav iungi

iungi Tvlida, rom adamianis mier gancdili fsiqikuri gamocdileba uk
valod ki ar qreba, aramed rCeba da vlindeba arqetipis saxiT, romliTac
motivirebulia adamianis qceva. arqetipebi erTgvari miTiuri saxeebia, rom
lebic saerToa mTeli kacobriobisTvis. es arc Cveni mogonili saxelebia
da arc filosofiuri cnebebi. es sicocxlis nawilebia, xatebi, romlebic ga
dajaWvulia emociebTan da cocxal adamianebTan.
iungma iseTi terminebi SemoiRo, rogoricaa ìntroverti da èqst
raverti~. eqstravertebs axasiaTebs gaxsniloba gare samyarosTan, xolo
introvertebs piriqiT _ koncentrireba sakuTar Tavze es ukanasknelni ar
arian damokidebulni obieqtze. eqstravertebi da introvertebi _ mxolod
adamianTa ori tipia. isini xSirad gvxvdebian. maTi aRmoCena sakmaod iolia. Tum
ca iungis mier SemoRebuli terminebi fsiqologiuri tipebis aRwerisaTvis ar
aris dogmaturi. magaliTad, mahaTma gandi iyo asketi (introverti), amave dros
politikosic (eqstraverti).
sicocxlis bolo aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi iungis gankargulebaSi
iyo unikaluri darbazi Ria cis qveS lago maJoris maxloblad, sadac yo
velwliurad Tavs iyridnen mecnierebi mTeli msofliodan mravalferovani
moxsenebebiTa da diskusiebis gasamarTavad, romlebic exmianeboda iungis
mosazrebebs. sicocxlis bolo wlebTan dakavSirebuli umniSvnelovanesi
Sromebi pirvelad swored am Sekrebebze warmoadgina samecniero sazogadoe
bis winaSe.
iungi gardaicvala 1961 wlis 6 ivniss xanmokle avadmyofobis Semdeg.
avtoris Sesaxeb
308
alqimiis fsiqikuri buneba

fsiqikuri Sinaarsis proeqcia
alqimiuri opus-i ara marto qimiur eqsperimentebs ganixilavs, aramed fsevdoqi
miuri eniT im movlenebsac aRwers, romlebic fsiqikur procesebs gvaxsenebs1. Zveli
alqimikosebi ase Tu ise erkveodnen qimiur procesebSi, amitom, albaT, isic unda scod
nodaT, rom maTi saqmianoba, Cveulebriv, qimiasTan ar iyo dakavSirebuli. am gansx
vavebis Sesaxeb codna kargad Cans pirveli saukuniT daTariRebuli fsevdodemokrites
traqtatis saTaurSi: (`fizikuri da filosofiuri). bolos da
bolos uamravi mtkicebuleba dagrovda imis Sesaxeb, rom alqimiaSi arsebobs, Cveni
mosazrebiT, ori heterogenuli mimdinareoba, romlebic erTmaneTis paralelurad
viTardeboda. alqimiuri tam ethice quam physice (`rogorc moraluri, anu fsiqo
logiuri, aseve fizikuri~) Cveni logikiT Zneli asaxsnelia. Tu alqimikosi qimiur
process simbolurad iyenebs, maSin risTvis sWirdeba retortebi da tigelebi? da
Tu is gvarwmunebs, rom qimiur procesebs aRwers, ratomRa amaxinjebs mas alqimiuri
simboloebiT?
es winaaRmdegobani did Tavsatexs uCenda mraval keTilsindisier mowafes. erTi
mxriv, alqimikosi acxadebs, rom sibrZnes gamiznulad malavs, raTa suleli da boroti
ar daeuflos oqros da ubedureba ar daatexos Tavs kacTa modgmas; Tumca igive av
tori, meore mxriv, iqve imaSic gvarwmunebs, rom sasurveli oqro Cveulebrivi oqro
(aurum vulgi) ki ar aris, rogorc es briyvebs hgoniaT, aramed filosofiuri anda sulac
saswaulmoqmedi qva lapis invisibilitatis (uxilavi2), an lapis aethereus (eTerulis msgavsi3),
an Znelad warmosadgeni, hermafrodituli Rebis (nax. 125). isini acxadeben, rom yvela
recepti siZulvils imsaxurebda.4 fsiqologiuri poziciidan nakleb savaraudoa,
rom maT kacobriobaze zrunvis gamo miemarTaT mistifikaciisa da gasaidumloebis
meTodisTvis. sinamdvileSi, rogorc ki realurad raimes aRmoaCendnen, mTeli qveynis
gasagebad gahyvirodnen xolme. erTi ram faqtia: alqimikosebs qimiur meTodebze cota
ram Tu SeeZloT gaendoT CvenTvis, miT ufro oqros damzadebis Sesaxeb.
mistifikacia wminda wylis blefia da aSkarad gulubryviloTa eqspluatacias
isaxavs miznad. is, rom saboloo jamSi alqimia SesaZloa mxolod am poziciidan
aixsnas, Cemi azriT, im faqts ewinaaRmdegeba, romlis Tanaxmadac mravali anonimuri
309
karl gustav iungi

avtoris mier saguldagulod da detalurad damuSavebul traqtatebs sargebloba
aravisTvis moutania. amgvari traqtatebis garda arsebobs aseve uamravi TaRliTTa
da SarlatanTa avtorobiT gamocemuli Txzulebac.
nax. 124. alqimikosebi muSaobis procesSi.

Mutus liber (1702)
mistifikacias SesaZloa sxva mizezebic gaaCndes. namdvil saidumlos gasaidu

mloeba ar sWirdeba. is saidumlo enas iyenebs da mravalnairi suraT-xatebiT mis
arsze mianiSnebs. Cemi naTqvami vinmes pirad saidumlos ki ar gulisxmobs, roca
misi Sinaarsi mxolod saidumlos mflobelisTvis aris cnobili, aramed imgvar mis
tifikacias, romlis sagani Tu sakiTxi saidumloa, mxolod qaragmuli naTqvamebiT
xdeba cnobili, sinamdvileSi ki absoluturad ucnobia. masalis namdvili buneba
alqimikosebisTvisac ucnobi iyo da mis Sesaxeb mxolod orazrovani warmodgenebi
hqondaT. sakvlevi masalis bundovan aspeqtSi, misi gaSuqebis mizniT, igi sakuTari
aracnobieris proecirebas axdenda; ase rom, masalis saidumlos gamosaaSkaraveblad
meore saidumlos, anu ucnobi fsiqikuri fonis, proecireba xdeboda: obscurum per
obscurius, ignotum per ignotius!* cxadia, es gamiznuli meTodi ki ar iyo, aramed sruliad
uneblie qmedeba.
proeqcia ar keTdeba, is TavisTavad xdeba. gare movlenebis bundovan aspeqtSi
adamiani sakuTar sulier an fsiqikur nawils aRmoaCens ise, rom TviTonac ver
acnobierebs. ase rom, Cemi azriT, mcdari iqneboda gamonaTqvamis tam ethice quam physice
Sesabamisobis TeoriiT axsna; me vityodi, es Teoria ufro proeqciis gancdis racio
nalizacias warmoadgens. sakuTar saqmianobas alqimikosi imitom ki ar asrulebda,
rom Sesabamisobis Teoriis swamda, is ubralod darwmunebuli iyo, rom idea fizikur
materiaSi arsebobda. Cemi azriT, alqimiis WeSmariti fesvebi ufro calkeul mkvleva
rTa personalur proeqciaSia saZebneli da ara filosofiur doqtrinebSi. amiT imis
310
Tqma mindoda, rom laborants qimiuri eqsperimentis Catarebisas raRac fsiqikuri

gancda eufleboda, rac mas qimiuri procesis gansakuTrebul qcevad miaCnda. es
gancda rom TavisTavad masalasTan, rogorc aseTTan, ar iyo dakavSirebuli, cxadia,
amas is ver acnobierebda swored im mizezis gamo, rom es mxolod mis proeqcias
warmoadgenda. sakuTar proeqcias is masalis Tvisebad miiCnevda; sinamdvileSi ki
alqimikosi sakuTar aracnobiers ikvlevda da am gziT bunebis Semecnebis istorias
imeorebda. cnobilia, rom mecniereba varskvlavebze dakvirvebiT daiwyo. adamianma
swored varskvlavebSi aRmoaCina sakuTari aracnobieris dominanti, e. w. RmerTebi
da zodiaqos ucnauri fsiqologiuri Tvisebani proecirebuli Teoria xasiaTis
Sesaxeb. alqimiis msgavsad, astrologiac proeqciis uZvelesi gamocdilebaa. msgav
si proeqciebi yovelTvis meordeba iq, sadac adamiani cariel wyvdiads ikvlevs da
uneblieT sicarielis cocxali formebiT Sevsebas cdilobs.
nax. 125. (mrgval) qaosze mdgomi merkuri rogorc

hermafroditi mze da mTvare (Rebis).
Mylius, Philosophia reformata (1622)
davinteresdi, Tavad alqimikosebi rogor aRweren muSaobis procesSi gancdils.

mdidari masalis moZiebis imedi rom ar unda mqonoda, kargad vicodi: saqme xom
aracnobiergancdasTan mqonda, ris gamoc misi zusti aRnusxva SeuZlebelia. Tumca
literaturaSi mainc arsebobs TiTo-orola araorazrovani teqsti. sagulisxmoa, rom
gviandeli xanis teqstebi adrindelTan SedarebiT ufro detaluri da konkretulia.
311
karl gustav iungi

yvelaze ufro gviandeli germanuli traqtati Abtala Jurain5 1732 wliTaa daTari
Rebuli, sadac vkiTxulobT:
nax. 126. samyaros Seqmnis eqvsi dRe,romelic meSvide dRiT gvirgvindeba..

Hildegard von Bingen, Scivias (me-12 s.)
aiRe didi raodenobiT Cveulebrivi wvimis wyali, ara umcires aTi

kvartisa* da kargad Seinaxe Tavdaxurul minis WurWelSi ara umcires
aTi dRisa. wyali daileqeba. wminda wyali gadaasxi burTiviT mrgval xis
WurWelSi. burTi gadaWeri; aavse WurWlis mesamedi imave wyliT, Semdeg
gadgi SuadRis mzeze saidumlo an ganmartoebul adgilas.
amis Semdeg aiRe erTi wveTi nakurTxi wiTeli Rvino da Caasxi wyalSi.
dainaxav, rom wylis zedapirze xSiri nisli gaCndeba, rogorc samyaros
Seqmnis pirvel dRes. Semdeg ori wveTi daamate da Sen ixilav sinaTles
wyvdiadidan. Semdeg da Semdeg, yovel TxuTmet wuTSi Caasxi 3, 4, 5 da bolos
6 wveTi da geyofa! sakuTari TvaliT dainaxav wylis zedapirze erTmane
Tis miyolebiT sxvadasxva figurebs, ise rogorc samyaros Seqmnisas (nax.
126), da rogorc ki es yovelive moxdeba, Sen eziarebi saidumlos, eniT
gamouTqmels! am operaciis Sesrulebamde muxli moidrike. dae, Senma
Tvalebma ixilon samyaros Seqmna. Semdeg daacade naxevari saaTi da yve
laferi gaqreba.
312
nax. 127. merkuris gardasaxva cecxlSi.

Barchusen, Elementa chemicae (1718)
Sen Seicnob uflis saidumlos, damaluls Sengan, viTarca bavSvisgan,

gaigeb, ras werda mose samyaros Seqmnaze, ixilav adams da evas cdunebamde
da cdunebis Semdeg, gvels, xes, saidanac igemes maT nayofi misi, Seityob, sad
aris da ra aris samoTxe, romel sxeulSi aRdgebian mkvdreTiT wmindanni, ara
iseTSi, adamisgan rom gvergo, aramed im sxeuliT, suliwmidiT rom mogveca
uflisagan Cvenisa zeciT boZebuli.
aiReT metalis Svidi naWeri. TiToeuli maTgani im planetis Sesabamisi
unda iyos, romlis saxelsac is atarebs. maTze gamosaxeT planetaTa simbo
loebi. metalis naWrebs rosnobelis6 sisqe da sidide unda hqondes. merkuri
ki oTxi uncia* unda iyos da Tanac simbolos gareSe. Semdeg moaTavseT isini
sadnob tigelSi im TanmimdevrobiT, rogorc caSi arian ganlagebulni. Cara
zeT yvela fanjara, raTa sibnelem daisadguros. Sua oTaxSi gaadneT isini da
daamateT kurTxeuli qvis Svidi wveTi. sadnobi tigelidan maSinve cecxlis
ali amovardeba (nax. 127) da mTel oTaxs moedeba (safrTxe nu SegaSinebs).
oTaxi ganaTdeba da misi naTeba mzisas da mTvarisas gadaaWarbebs. Tqvens
Tavze gadaiWimeba cis TaRi, varskvlavebiT moWedili cis msgavsad. planete
bi orbitis garSemo daiwyeben brunvas. Semdeg yvelaferi TavisTavad Sewyde
ba da TxuTmeti wuTis Semdeg TiToeuli Tavis adgils daubrundeba.
313
karl gustav iungi

Semdegi nawyveti mogvyavs Teobald de hogelandes (me-16 s.) traqtatidan:
amboben, qvas sxvadasxva saxeli figuraTa im uCveulo mravalferovne
bis gamo daerqva, romelic muSaobis ganmavlobaSi Cndeba. xSirad maTTan
erTad ferebic gamoanaTebs, TiTqos RrublebSi an cecxlSi cxovelTa, rep
tiliebisa Tu xeebis ucnaur figurebs vxedavdeT. msgavsi ram im wignSic
Semxvedria, moses rom miaweren. iq vkiTxulobT: roca sxeuli iSleba, xan
ori toti Cndeba, xan sami anda metic, xan ki reptiliebis figurebi. isec
momxdara, TiTqos es figura adamiani yofiliyos, kaTedraze mjdomi.7
nax. 128. hermes trismegistosi.

Senior, De chemia (1566)
314
zemoT citirebuli teqstebi mowmobs, rom muSaobis process halucinaciebi da

xilvebi axlda, rac sxva araferia, Tu ara aracnobieri Sinaarsis proeqcia. hogelandes
mohyavs aseve senioris citata, sadac vkiTxulobT, nawerze ufro metad mniSvnelovani
hermetuli WurWlis xilvaao8 (gaugebaria, ras gulisxmobs igi scriptura-Si, iqneb
magistrTa traqtatebSi WurWlis tradiciul aRwerilobas?). avtorebi sulier
Wvretasac axseneben, Tumca bundovania, ras gulisxmoben, xilvas, am sityvis pir
dapiri Tu metaforuli mniSvnelobiT? ai, ras vkiTxulobT Novum lumen-Si:9
gaxadon xiluli CrdilSi mimaluli sagnebi da moacilon maT Crdili,
bunebis ZaliT (per naturam) brZen filosofosT Tu ZaluZT. yvela es sagani
warmoiqmneba, Tumca Cveulebrivi adamianis Tvali maT ver xedavs. gonebis
Tvali (intellectus) da warmosaxvis Zala ki maT WeSmariti rwmeniT ganWvrets
(visu).
raimund luliusi wers:
Cemo sayvarelo Svilo! unda icode, rom buneba cvalebadia. ase rom,
uzenaes ZalTa gamoxmobisa (mag. familiaris-is) da sulieri egzaltaciis gareSe
SeZleb haerSi dainaxo urCxulebis, cxovelebisa da adamianTa aTasgvari
formebi, RrubelTa msgavsad xan saiT da xan saiT rom miizlaznebian10
(nax. 129).
dornTanac imaves vkiTxulobT:11
Sinagani mzeriT (oculis mentalibus) igi SeZlebs ixilos uTvalavi naperwkali,
dRiTidRe ufro da ufro moelvare, kaSkaSa Suqad rom gardaiqmneba.
fsiqologs ar eucxoeba, rom zogjer metafora halucinaciad gadaiqceva. ho
gelande (1594) Tavis biografiul CanawerebSi aRwers, rogor daifara decoctio-s
(duRilis) mesame dRes substanciis zedapiri ferebiT: mwvaniT, wiTliT, nacrisfriT
da cisartyelas molivlive ferebiT. im dRis gaxsenebisas mudam vergiliusidan
mohyavda xolme citata: Ut vidi, ut perii, ut me malus abstulit error (`rogorc ki davinaxe,
daviRupe, myis borotma Secodebam Semipyro~). misi TqmiT, es cdomileba Tu optikuri
iluzia misi Semdgomi tanjva-wvalebis mizezad iqca, radgan egona, rom cotac da
nigredo-s Secnobas SeZlebda. ramdenime dReSi ki RamiT cecxli Caqra da msgavsi feno
meni aRarasdros ganmeorebula.12 gamdnari metalis zedapirze cisartyelas moliv
live ferebs halucinaciad ver miviCnevT, Tumca ki teqstSi aSkaraa avtoris ganwyo
ba, msgavsi ram gvafiqrebinos.
315
karl gustav iungi
nax.129. gavarvarebuli prima materia-dan personificirebuli spiritus-i aqroldeba.

Tractatus qui dicitur Thomae Aquinatis de alchimia (1520)
Tractatus Aristotelis-Si13 alqimiis fsiqologiis ukeT gasagebad Zalze sayuradRebo

adgili gvxvdeba:
gveli yvela cxovelze cbieria; misi tyavis mSvenierebis qveS gvelis
uwyinari saxe imaleba da iluziis Sedegad, roca is wyalSi iZireba, TandaTan
materia hypostatica-d gardaqmnis Tavs. igi iq miwis Zalebs ikrebs da es misi
sxeulia. is uzomod svams, radgan mwyurvalia, da simTvrale ekideba. is
bunebiT iJRinTeba da uerTdeba mas, raTa gaqres (decipere)14.
gveli merkuria da, rogorc ZiriTadi substancia (hypostatica), wyalSi warmoiqm
nis Tavs, STanTqavs bunebas, uerTdeba ra mas (nax. 130); (mze, romelic merkuris
SadrevanSi Caesveneba; lomi, romelic mzes ylapavs (nax. 169); beia, romelic Tavis
sxeulSi gabrikuss ganazavebs). materias iluzia warmoqmnis, radgan alqimikosis
aracnobiers ase sWirdeba. es iluzia SesaZloa vera imaginatio (`WeSmaritebis mauwyebe
li gamosaxuleba~) yofiliyo, romelic maformirebel Zalebs flobda.
xilvebi alqimiur saqmianobasTan aris dakavSirebuli da albaT am faqtiT unda
aixsnas is, rom sizmrebi da sizmriseuli xilvebi xSirad mniSvnelovan intermecod
da gamocxadebis wyarod saxeldeba. ase magaliTad, nazari transmutaciis Sesaxeb
moZRvrebas sami sizmris formiT mosavs _ Poliphile-s15 aSkara analogiiT. klasikur
Visio Arislei16-sac msgavsi sizmris forma aqvs. ostanesic sizmarSi gamocxadebis for
miT gvacnobs Tavis moZRvrebas.17 Tu am teqstebSi (rogorc seniorTan da kratesTan)
sizmars da xilvas ZiriTadad literaturuli forma aqvs, zosimesTan sizmriseuli
xilva ufro avTentikuri xasiaTisaa18. literaturaSi xazi esmeboda im faqts, rom
sanukvari aqua permanens-is Secnoba sizmarSi gamocxadebiT miiRweva.19 prima materia-c
da Tavad qvac, aseve misi damzadebis saidumloc laborants RmerTis mier gamocxade
316
bis meoxebiT eZleo da. ai, ras ambobs lorenco ventura 20: codna am meTodis Sesaxeb
RvTiT boZeb uli saCuq ari an gamocdili ostatis miTiTebebia, yovelive es ki ufl is
nebaa. kunratis21 mosaz reb is Tanaxmad, Chaos Naturae-is (=prima materia-s) damzadeba
sul ubralod da sruly ofil ad SeuZlia TiToeul Cvengans RvTaebrivi xilvisa
da gamocxadebis ZaliT, misi mizezebis kvlevisa da gansjis gareSe22. RvTaebrivi
gabrwyinebis aucil ebl obas hogelande imiT asabuTebs, rom qvis damzadeba ada
mianuri gonebis SesaZleblobebs aRemateba23 da mxolod zebunebriv RvTaebr iv
codnas ZaluZs gansazRvros qvis warmoSobis dro24, radgan prima materia-s mxolod
ufali flobs25. parac elsusis Semdgomi epoqa gasxivosnebis wyarod lumen naturae-s
(bunebriv sinaTl es) miiCnevs:
Suqi ese aris bunebis WeSmariti Suqi, romelic naTels hfens RvTismoSiS
filosofosT, movlenilT ama soflad. qveyana ese ars mSvenieri da uflis
mosvlamde _ im bolo did dRemde _ unda gavufrTxildeT. yovelives aRe
mateba filosofosTa qva, magram sofelman ara uwyis ra mis Sesaxeb26.
nax.130. merkuris gveli wyalSi, Sesabamisad, cecxlSi

sakuTar Tavs STanTqavs.
317
karl gustav iungi

mentaluri damokidebuleba OPUS-Tan
fsiqes alqimiur saqmianobasTan damokidebulebis ramdenadme gansxvavebul
aspeqts warmoaCens Semdegi citata anonimuri avtoris teqstidan27: Cemi Txovnaa,
sulierebis TvaliT yuradRebiT Sexedo xorblis TavTavs, raTa Tavad SeZlo fi
losofosTa xis dargva da a. S.28 (nax. 131; aseve 135, 188, 189, 221 da sxv.). rogorc Cans,
es aris aqtiuri imaginaciis arsi, rasac sakuTriv procesi mohyavs moqmedebaSi.
nax.131. merkuris isriT gangmiruli adami _ prima materia,

saidanac arbor philosophica amoizrdeba.
Miscellanea dalchimia (me-15 s.)
318
ai, ras wers dorneusi Tavis Philosophia meditativa-Si29: meorisgan erTs verasdros
Seqmni, Tu Tavad Sengan ar Seqmeni erTi. rasac alqimikosi erTSi gulisxmobs30,
es yovelTvis ostatia, romlis erTobac opus-is dasrulebis aucilebel pirobad
aris miCneuli da, udavod, mis fsiqologiur pirobas gulisxmobs, rasac gadamwyveti
mniSvneloba eniWeba.
Rosarium philllosophorum-Si31 vkiTxulobT:
vinc marils da mis gamxsnels icnobs, is Zvel brZenTa saidumlosac
flobs. mimarTe gonebis Tvali marilisken, radgan mecniereba mxolod
masSia da Zvel filosofosTa keTilSobili saidumlo codnac masSia dama
rxuli.32
vinmes aq SesaZloa ormagi beWdviTi Secdoma evarauda, radgan saidumlo da mari
li gverdigverd aris moxseniebuli. sxvaTa Soris, goneba da marili monaTesave
cnebebia (cum grano salis)33. ase magaliTad, kunratTan marili ara mxolod dedamiwis
fizikuri centria, aramed sal sapientiae-c34 (sibrZnis marili). amis Sesaxeb is wers kidec:
suli, grZnoba, goneba da azri mxolod marilisken mimarTe35. Rosarium-is anonimuri
avtori meore adgilas wers, rom opus-i unda Sesruldes WeSmariti warmosaxviT da
ara fantastikuri warmodgenebiT36 da iqve imasac dasZens: roca maZiebels Zieba
tvirTad daawveba, qvasac maSin ipovis.37 albaT, es remarka imas unda niSnavdes, rom
fsiqologiuri piroba saswaulebrivi qvis aRmoCenisTvis gardauvalia.
orive miTiTeba gvavaraudebinebs, rom, avtoris TvalsazrisiT, saidumlo adamianis
gonebaSia, anu Tu Tanamedrove eniT aRvwerT aracnobierSi (nax. 132).
alqimkosebi namdvilad xvdebodnen, rom maTi saqme raRac saxiT adamianis fsi
qesTan da mis funqciebTan iyo dakavSirebuli. amitom saTuod aRarc is meCveneba,
rom zemoT citirebuli nawyveti Rosarium-idan beWdviTi Secdoma ar aris, Tanac is
sxva avtorTa mosazrebebsac emTxveva. isini daJinebiT moiTxoven wignebis sagul
dagulo Seswavlasa da meditacias. movusminoT, ras wers rikardus ingliseli38 Tavis
Correctorium fatuorum-Si:
visac am xelovnebis madlTan ziareba ganuzraxavs, bejiTad unda
ganiswavlos da Seisrutos WeSmariteba wignebidan da ara gamogonili
igavebidan an fuW saqmeTagan, radgan ar arsebobs sxva ram gza xelovnebis
dauflebisa (Tumca mravalia iluzia), Tu ara swavlis dasruleba da fi
losofosTa sityvis Semecneba da a. S.39
319
karl gustav iungi
nax.132. alqimiuri saqmis saidumlo (anu aracnobieri) Sinaarsis

gamosaxuleba. centrSi qalis da zRvis mbrZaneblis (neptunis) kavSiri.
qvemoT marcxniv meTevze qalis figura moCans, marjvniv _ meTevzis saxiT
gamosaxuli ostati, romelic meluzinas iWers.
Multis liber (1702)
bernadus trevisanusi mogviTxrobs, Tu ra amaod iRvwoda wlebis manZilze manam,

sanam parmenides sermo-m Turba-Si swor gzaze ar daayena.40
hogelande41 wers:
man unda Seagrovos sxvadasxva avtorTa wignebi, radgan maTi sxvagvarad
gageba SeuZlebelia; erTxel, orjer an samjer wakiTxuli wignebi ki ar
320
unda gadayaros, romc ver gaigos, aramed aTjer, ocjer, ormocdaaTjer

da metjerac waikiTxos. bolos igi dainaxavs, umTavresad ra sakiTxSi
eTanxmebian avtorebi erTmaneTs da dafaruli WeSmaritebac es aris da a. S.
igive avtori imowmebs luliuss da gveubneba, rom umecrebis gamo adamiani ver
ganaxorcielebs saqmes, Tu ar Seiswavla universaluri filosofia, rac mas sxvaTagan
dafarul codnas gaumxels radgan Cveni qva Cveulebrivi ram ar aris, is Cveni, filoso
fosTa, gulisgulia42. dionisius zaqariusi mogviTxrobs, rogor urCia vinme religiosus
Doctor excellentissimus-ma (RvTismosavma doqtorma), Tavi Seekavebina sophisticationibus
diabolicis-Si (satanur sofistikaSi) usargeblo varjiSebisgan da vera materia-s
gasacnobad Tavi mTlianad Zvel filosofosTa wignebis SeswavlisTvis mieZRvna. mZime

sasowarkveTilebis Semdeg igi Turme suliwmidis wyalobiT welSi gaimarTa, seriozuli
literaturis Seswavlas Seudga da fulis gamolevamde meditaciaSi aTen-aRamebda.
amis Semdeg laborat or iaSi muSaobisas sami feri ixila, erTi wlis Semdeg ki
aRdgoma dRes saswaulic moxda vidi perfectionem* kerZod: vercxlis wyali mis
Tvalwin sufTa oqrod iqca: conversum in purum aurum prae meis oculis (rogorc amboben,
es ambavi 1550 wels moxda43).
es sruliad araorazrovnad miuTiTebs, rom alqimiuri saqme da misi mizani al
qimikosis mentalur mdgomareobazea damokidebuli. rikardus ingliseli uaryofs
yvela im sibinZures, riTac alqimikoss uxdeba samuSaos Sesruleba: kvercxis naWuWebs,
Tmebs, JRalTmiani kacis sisxls, basiliskos, matlebs, balaxeulobas da adamianis
ganavals. rasac dasTes, imas moimki. dasTes sibinZures, moimki sibinZures.44
Zmebo, nu SeaqcevT zurgs WeSmaritebas, romlis Sesaxebac araferi uwyiT; Tqvenive
sakeTildReod girCevT, SeiswavleT da iRvaweT filosofosTa sityvebisaTvis da mas
WeSmaritebas dastyuebT.45
gansjisa da gonierebis mniSvnelovnebasa da mis gardauval aucileblobas
ase daJinebiT ara marto im mizeziT esmeba xazi, rom aseTi rTuli samuSaos Sesru
leba Cveulebrivze met gonierebas moiTxovs, aramed imitomac, rom adamianis go
nebisTvis rogorc maSin miaCndaT niSandoblivia iseTi magiuri Zala, rasac ma
teriis gardaqmnac ki ZaluZs. dorni, romelmac am problemas, anu adamiansa da
alqimiur saqmes Soris damokidebulebas (nax. 133), araerTi saintereso traqtati46
miuZRvna, wers: forma, radac adamianis goneba gvevlineba, aris dasabami, Suaguli
da dasasruli procesisa. es forma yviTeli feriT ganimarteba da mianiSnebs, rom
adamiani spagiruli* opus-is uZiriTadesi da yvelaze didi formaa47. dorni pirdapir
paralels avlebs alqimiur saqmesa da adamianis moralur-inteleqtualur
gar
daqmnas Soris.
321
platonuri tetralogiis traqtatSi, romlis laTinuri saxelwodeba ase JRers:

Liber Platonis quartorum48, winaswar aris ganWvretili es azri. avtori aq mkvlevaris da
saxmareblad oTxi wignis Sesabamis oTx mwkrivs adgens:49
nax. 133. alqimikosebi muSaobis procesSi. procesis sxvadasxva safexuri.

qvemoT _ mze, romelic oqros yvavils badebs.
Mutus liber (1702)
322

I.
II.53
III.
IV.
1. De opere naturalium
(bunebriv saganTa
Seqmnis Sesaxeb).
1. Elementum aquae
(wylis stiqia).
1. Naturaecompositae
(Sedgenili buneba).
1. Sensus
(grZnoba).
2. Exaltatio divisionis na-
2. Elementum terrae
(miwis stiqia).
2. Discretio intellectualis
(gonismieri gans xva-
veba).
(bunebis nawilTa
sidiade).50
3. Elementum aris
(haeris stiqia).
2. Naturae discretae
(sxvadasxvagvari
buneba).
3. Simplicia
(martivi sagnebi).
3. Exaltatio animae
(samSvinvelis
sidiade).51
4. Elementum ignis
(cecxlis stiqia).
3. Ratio54
(goneba).
4. Aetheris simplicioris
(ufro martivi sagnebi).
4. Res quam concludunt

hi effectus praecedentes
turae
4. Exaltatio intellectus
(gonebis sidiade).52
(saqme, romelic misgan

gamomdinare moqmede
bas moicavs).55
oTxi mwkrivi opus-is oTx aspeqts gamoxatavs. pirveli horizontaluri mwkrivi

bunebrivi nivTierebebiT iwyeba. prima materia warmodgenilia wylis saxiT. es Sedgenili,
anu Sereuli nivTierebebia. meoTxe vertikalur mwkrivSi mas grZnobadi aRqma Se
esabameba.
meore horizontaluri mwkrivi procesis ufro maRal safexurze miuTiTebs: pir

vel vertikalur mwkrivSi Sedgenili nivTierebebi sawyis elementebad iSleba. meoreSi
miwa wyals gamoeyofa. mesame mwkrivSi aRwerilia kategoriebad dayofa, meoTxeSi ki mi
TiTebulia dayofis fsiqologiuri aqti.
mesame horizontalur mwkrivSi progresi meti sicxadiT aris aRwerili: pirvel
vertikalur mwkrivSi suli gamoeyofa sagnebs; meoreSi eTerul sivrceSi maTi
amaRlebaa aRwerili; mesameSi procesi martiv nivTierebebs aRwevs da isini imis
wyalobiT, rom wminda saxiT arian warmodgenilni, maradiul, platonur ideebs
uaxlovdebian; meoTxeSi mocemulia finaluri zeasvla mens-idan ratio-mde, anima
rationalis-amde, anu sulis umaRles formamde.
meoTxe horizontalur mwkrivSi naCvenebia oTxive vertikaluri mwkrivis das

ruleba.
pirveli vertikaluri mwkrivi: Tanamedrove terminologiiT es mwkrivi feno
menologiuri bunebisaa. bunebriv movlenaTa jams fsiqikuri elementebi gamoeyofa
da exaltatio intellectus-Si umaRles ganviTarebas aRweven. intellectus SeiZleba ganvixiloT,
rogorc cnobierebis umaRlesi mdgomareoba, riTac teqsts uxeSad ar davarRvevT.
meore vertikaluri mwkrivi: Zveli alqimiuri mosazrebis Tanaxmad, Tavda
pirveli wylis qaosidan _ massa confusa-dan dedamiwa amoizrdeba; mis Tavze haeria
_ dedamiwis zed apiridan zemoT amavali mfrinavi elementi. sul maRla cecxlia56,
323
karl gustav iungi

yvelaze faqizi subs tanc ia, anu cecxlovani pnevma57, romelic RmerTebis sauf
lomde aRwevs58 (nax. 134; aseve 166, 178 da 200).
mesame vertikaluri mwkrivi: es mwkrivi cnebiTi, ideuri bunebisaa da amitom

inteleqtualur gansjas Seicavs. Sedgenili nivTierebebi Semadgenel komponentebad
iSleba da martiv substanciebad gardaiqmneba, saidanac sabolood kvintesencia
martivi, pirveladi ideebi gamomdinareobs. eTeri kvintesenciaa.59
meoTxe vertikaluri mwkrivi: es mwkrivi calsaxad fsiqologiuri bunebisaa.
grZnoba ganapirobebs aRqmas; discretio intellectualis apercefcias Seesabameba. es moqmedeba
ratio-s, anima rationalis-s eqvemdebareba, rogorc umaRles, adamianisTvis RvTis mier
boZebul unars. anima rationalis-s mxolod sagani aRemateba yvela winare moqmedebaTa
rezultati. Liber quartorum-Si sagani ganmartebulia, rogorc uxilavi, uZravi
RmerTi60. misma nebam Seqmna goneba da gonebidan (is unda gavigoT, rogorc <intellectus>)
warmoiSoba martivi samSvinveli61, romlisganac Sedgenili, rTuli buneba iqmneba. es
ki miuTiTebs, rom sagani mxolod masze aRmatebuliT Seimecneba. samSvinveli bunebas
aRemateba da mas Seimecnebs. goneba samSvinvelze maRla mdgomia da misi Semecnebac
mxolod gonebas xelewifeba, TviTon goneba ki masze ufro didiT Seimecneba, imiT, rac
uSualod RmerTs uaxlovdeba, xolo misi arsigonebis ZalisTvis miuwvdomelia*62.
ai, ras vkiTxulobT originalSi:
scias quod scientia antiquorum quibus appraeparatae sunt scientiae et virtutes, est quod res
ex qua sunt res est Deus invisibilis, et immobilis, cuius voluntate intelligentia condita est, et voluntate
et intelligentia63 est anima simplex, per animam sunt naturae discretae, ex quibus generatae sunt
compositae, et indicant quod res non cognoscitur, nisi per suum superius. Anima vero est super
naturam, et per eam cognoscitur natura, sed intelligentia est superior anima et per eam cognoscitur
anima, et intelligentia(m)64 noscit, qui65 superior ea est, et circundat eam Deus unus, cuius qualitas
apprehendi non potest.
avtori teqsts urTavs citatas, romlis warmomavlobac, cxadia, CemTvis ucnobia:
dialogebis wignSi avtori ambobs: <moviare sami zeca _ rTul bunebaTa, gansx
vavebul bunebaTa da sulis zeca. roca gonebis zecis Semovla ganvizraxe, sulma
miTxra: <es ar aris Seni gza. Semdeg bunebam macduna da mec vcdundi>. es sityvebi filo
sofosma warmoTqva ara imis gamo, rom mecniereba ganemarta, mas bunebis qmnilebaTa
ganmaTavisuflebeli Zalis cxadad warmoCena surda da imedovnebda, rom procesis
sawyis stadiaTa Semecneba umaRlesi stadiiT gaxdeboda SesaZlebeli*. originalSi
vkiTxulobT:
Et dixit philosophus in libro Dialogorum: Circuivi tres coelos, scilicet coelum naturae
compositae, coelum naturae discretae et coelum animae. Cum autem volui circumire coelum
324
intelligentiae, dixit mihi anima, non habes illuc iter, et attraxit me natura, et attractus sum. Hoc
autem dictum principale non posuit philosophus ad significandam hanc scientiam, sed quia voluit
ut sermones sui non vacarent manifestatione virtutis liberantis creaturam, et voluit per eos in hac
specie operis, ut cognoscatur praeparatio deterior per praeperationem superiorem.
nax. 134. saturni, anu merkuri auzSi ganibaneba manam,

sanam suli TeTr mtreds (pneuma-s) ar moavlens.
Trismosin, Splendor solis
325
karl gustav iungi
am marTlacda Zvel teqstSi, romelic me-10 saukuneze adrindeli unda iyos, Tu

misi arabuli formiT vimsjelebT, xolo calkeuli adgilebi ufro adrindel periods
unda ganekuTvnebodes, gvxvdeba opus alchemicum-sa da mis paralelurad mimdinare filo
sofiur-fsiqologiur procesebs Soris arsebul kavSirTa sistemuri klasifikacia.
teqsti ganmartavs, Tu ra Sesabamisobaa qimiur-materialur procesebsa da misi
Semmecneblis sulier-fsiqikur faqtorebs Soris. maT Soris arsebuli kavSiri imdenad
Rrmaa, rom masalidan miRebuli produqti cogitatio-d, azrovnebad iwodeboda.66 es
ucnauri mosazreba, albaT, imiT SeiZleba aixsnas, rom Zvel filosofosebs bundovani,
magram mainc garkveuli warmodgena hqondaT materiaSi fsiqikuri Sinaarsis proeqciis
Sesaxeb. adamiansa da masalis saidumlos Soris Rrma kavSiris gamo dornic da ufro
adrindeli periodis Liber quartorum-ic moiTxovdnen, operatori Sesasrulebeli
amocanis simaRleze mdgariyo, anu sakuTar TavSi igive procesi ganexorcielebina,
rasac materiisgan moiTxovda, radgan sagnebis srulyofa misive msgavsiT aris
SesaZlebeli. operators Tavad unda ganexorcielebina procesi (oportet operatorem
interesse operi). Tu mkvlevari Sesasrulebel saqmes ar hgavs, verc im simaRles miaRwevs,
rac ukve aRgiwereT da verc miznisken mimaval gzas daadgeba67.

proeqciis Sedegad alqimikosis fsiqe saidumlo Tu gardasaqmneli nivTierebis,
anu materiaSi gamomwyvdeuli sulis, identuri xdeba. Liber quartorum gvirCevs, trans
formaciisaTvis WurWlad occiput (anu adamianis Tavis qalis ukana nawili) (ix. nax. 75)
gamoviyenoT68, radgan iq goneba da inteleqtia69 (nax. 135). tvini, rogorc RvTaebrivi
nawilis (partis divinae) adgilsamyofeli, alqimikoss proceduris Casatareblad
sWirdeba. droTa ganmavlobaSi sagnebi inteleqtad gardaiqmneba, radgan maTi nawilebi
SemadgenlobiT da formiT erTmaneTs emsgavseba. tvini anima rationalis-Tan siaxlovis
gamo Senarevs emsgavseba, anima rationalis-i ki sufTa da Senarevebis gareSea, rogorc ukve
mogaxseneT.70
azrTa amgvar msvlelobas safuZvlad analogiis mizezobrivi Sedegi udevs. sxvag
varad rom vTqvaT, pirveladi wyali sabolood iseve badebs cecxls, anu eTerul
substancias, rogorc fsiqeSi grZnobadi aRqmis simravle ideis erTianobasa da si
sadaves. dorni wers: adamianis sxeulSi farulad arsebobs metafizikuri nivTie
reba da bevrisTvis is ucnobia. is aranair wamals ar saWiroebs, vinaidan Tavad uman
ko wamalia. es wamali sammagi bunebisaa: metafizikuri, fizikuri da moraluri
(moralurs Tanamedrove eniT fsiqologiurs vuwodebT). dorni ganagrZobs: yu
radRebiani mkiTxveli daaskvnis, rom adamiani filosofiuri moqmedebiT metafizi
kuri mdgomareobidan fizikurSi gadainacvlebs.71 es wamali saidumloebiT moculi
substanciaa da sxvagan dorni mas veritas-sac (WeSmaritebas) uwodebs:
326
nax. 135. Tavis qala evas `mortificatio~-s simbolo, romelic `prima materia~s qalur aspeqts ganasaxierebs. àrbor~-i adamis falosis Sesatyvisia (ix. nax.
131), aq ki xe avas Tavidan amoizrdeba.
Miscellanea dalchimia (me-15 s.)
bunebis sagnebSi raRac WeSmaritebaa, fizikuri TvalisTvis uxilavi

da mxolod gonebisTvis (sola mente) aRqmadi. filosofosebma Seicnes igi da
daadgines, rom mis Zalas saocrebaTa moxdena ZaluZs.72 am WeSmaritebaSia
sulis borkilebisgan gaTavisuflebis xelovneba, iseve, rogorc gonebisa
(mens) sxeulisgan73. es Zala materiaSi iseTive saswauls axdens, rogorsac
rwmena adamianSi. WeSmariteba uzenaesi Zala da auRebeli cixesimagrea, sadac
filosofosTa qva inaxeba.74
filosofiis SeswavliT adamiani am qvis mopovebis ostatobas eufleba da piriqiT:
Tavad es qvaa adamiani. dorni mogviwodebs: gardaiqmeni mkvdari qvidan cocxal
327
karl gustav iungi

filosofiur qvad,75 riTac aSkarad miuTiTebs adamiansa da materiaSi im raRac
arsebulis identurobaze.
beroald vervileli Tavis Recueil stganographique-Si76 wers:
Tu vinme fisis wveTis gamowurviT cremliviT gamWvirvale wveTis
miRebas moindomebs, am saqmes didi sifrTxiliT unda moekidos da maleve
ixilavs, rogor gamoeyofa alqimiur masalas cecxlis zemoqmedebiT msgavsi
substancia. rogorc ki substancias iisferi siSave gamoeyofa, is yvavilad,
alad, margalitad an Zvirfasi qvis msgavs ramed gardaisaxeba. es procesi
gagrZeldeba manam, sanam siTeTre ar warmoiqmneba, siTeTre, romelic
umSvenieres lalTa, anu maradiul qvaTa, keTilSobilebiT daifareba. sulis
WeSmariti cecxli da filosofosTa sinaTlec swored es gaxlavT.
zemoT citirebuli teqstidan sakmarisi sicxadiT Cans, rom alqimia uZvelesi
droidan orsaxovania: erTi mxriv, laboratoriaSi Casatarebeli praqtikuli qimiuri
samuSao, meore mxriv ki fsiqologiuri procesi _ nawilobriv fsiqikuri, nawilob
riv ki aracnobieri, proecirebuli masalis transformaciul procesebSi.
samuSaos dawyeba did Zalisxmevas ar saWiroebda. teqstSi vkiTxulobT: samuSaos
Tavisufali, sufTa gonebiT unda SevudgeT.77 aucilebelia kidev erTi mniSvnelovani
wesis dacva: gonebasa (mens) da Sesasrulebel saqmes Soris sruli harmoniuli
Tanxvedra.78 sxva teqstSi vkiTxulobT: oqros gasagebad (aurea apprehensio) sulisa da
gonebis Tvali farTod unda gavaxiloT da im Sinagani SuqiT davakvirdeT da Sevimec
noT, RmerTma imTaviTve Cvens gulebsa da bunebaSi rom aanTo.79
radgan mkvlevaris fsiqe saqmesTan ase Rrmad iyo dakavSirebuli _ ara rogorc
saSualeba, aramed rogorc misi warmomSobi mizezi da aTvlis wertili, _ ioli gasage
bi xdeba, ratom eqceoda esoden didi mniSvneloba laborantis fsiqikur mdgomareo
basa da mis mentalur pozicias. alfidiusi wers:80 icode, mecnierebas ver daeuflebi,
Tu ar ganiwmindebi da RvTis winaSe marTali ar wardgebi, gulidan ki ukeTurebas ar
aRmoifxvri. hermetuli sibrZnis saganZuri, Aurora consurgens-is Tanaxmad, ToTxmeti
ZiriTadi saTnoebis safuZvelze dgas, esenia: janmrTeloba, Tviniereba, siwminde,
umankoeba, Zala81, gamarjveba, rwmena, imedi, siyvaruli (caritas), siqvele (benignitas), moT
mineba, zomiereba, sulieri disciplina 82 da morCileba.
fsevdoTomas dasaxelebul traqtatSi mohyavs citata, sadac vkiTxulobT: gan
devne wyvdiadi gonebidan83 da iqve Zveli alqimikosis senioris im frazas ixsenebs,
sadac is nigredo-sa da dealbatio-ze saubrobs.84 aq Cveni gonebis sibnele nigredo-s, Sa
328
vis identuria (nax. 34, 48, 115 da 137), anu alqimiuri procesis sawyis stadias avtori
sakuTar fsiqologiur mdgomareobad aRiqvams.
Rosarium-i gvamcnobs, rom wina epoqis didi avtoriteti geberi Tavis Liber perfecti
magisterii85-Si ostatisgan Semdeg fsiqologiur da zneobriv Tvisebebs moiTxovs: is unda
iyos sazriani da metalebisa Tu mineralebis Sesabamis codnas flobdes, moqnili da ara

tlanqi, arc Zunwi unda iyos, an xarbi da gaubedavi, meryevi xasiaTis, arc sulswrafi
da arc avyia. is unda iyos mtkice, Seupovari, WirTamTmeni, rbili da keTilgonieri.
Rosarium-is avtori gvaZlevs im TvisebaTa CamonaTvals, romelic mas am mecnie
rebebisa da xelovnebis dauflebis gzaze gardauval pirobad miaCnia. ostati unda
iyos: Tavmdabali, RvTismosavi, gulmarTali, ganswavluli, kacTmoyvare, mxiaruli
znisa da sasiamovno gamometyvelebiT. Semdeg avtori wers: sayvarelo Svilo, iyavi
RvTismoSiSi da Sen miiReb misgan wyalobas86.
gansakuTrebiT yuradsaRebia morienusis xelovnebis Sesavali, sadac igi kalids 87
ganumartavs:
rasac Sen eZeb, arc ZaliT moipoveba, arc vnebiTa da JiniT, aramed
moTminebiT, rudunebiT, wrfeli da namdvili siyvaruliT. morwmuneT da
RvTismsaxurT ufali aziarebs RvTaebriv da wminda mecnierebas88 (Semdegi
nawili am codnis mowafeTaTvis gadacemis meTodebs exeba). uflis rCeulni
eZieben mecnierebas, kacTaTvis dafaruls. es mecniereba ganaridebs ostats
ama qveynis tanjvisagan da momavali bednierebisken waruZRveba89~ (nax. 136).
roca mefem morienuss hkiTxa, ratom cxovrobda mTebsa da udabnoSi da
ara monasterSi, man miugo: darwmunebuli var, rom monastrebSi da berebTan
simSvides vpoveb, mTebsa da udabnoSi damqancvel samuSaos, magram Tu ar
dasTes, verc moimki. viwroa myudroebisken mimavali gza, es gza ki sulieri
tanjviT moipoveba.90
ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom morienusi RvTaebriv xelovnebasa da Tavis saqmes
gulisxmobs. imaves gulisxmobs miqael maieri: qimiaSi arsebobs raRac keTilSobilu
ri sxeuli, romelic dasawyisSi ZmarTan gansacdelSi vardeba, bolos ki sixaruli da
mxiaruleba moicavs. vfiqrob, mec ase melis: jer siZnele, dardi da daRliloba, Semdeg
ki sixaruli da simsubuqe.91
igive avtori irwmuneba, rom qimia ostatSi zeciuri madlis Sesaxeb fiqrs aRZ
ravs92 da uflis mier misteriebSi xeldasxmulT fuWi sadardeblisgan saWmelze,
tansacmelze zrunvisgan _ aTavisuflebs. isinic, TiTqos meored daibadneno, ise
grZnoben Tavs.93
329
karl gustav iungi

siZnele, dardi da varami, romelsac ostati dasawyisSi awydeba, nigredo-s
Cveni gonebis SemaZrwunebeli wyvdiadis identuria, romlis Sesaxebac Aurora
consurgens-i gvamcnobs; es ki igivea, rac morienusis sulieri tanjva afflictio
animae. termini, riTac is adeptTa pozicias axasiaTebs amor perfectissimus (srul

yofili siyvaruli), muSaobisas arnaxul erTgulebas gamoxatavs. Tu seria meditatio
(seriozuli koncentracia) ubralo monaWori ar aris amgvari varaudisTvis ki
araviTari safuZveli ar gagvaCnia, maSin unda warmovidginoT adepti, romelic
uCveulo gulisyuriTa da WeSmariti religiuri gznebiT aRasrulebs Tavis saqmes
(ix. qvemoT). saqmisadmi aseT uangaro morCilebas sakvlev obieqtSi RirebulebaTa
da azrTa proecireba mohyveba da mas im formebiTa da figurebiT Seavsebs, romlis
saTavec umTavresad mkvlevaris aracnobierisken migviTiTebs.
nax.136. RmerTi Suqs hfens ostats.

330
meditacia da warmosaxva
zemoT gamoTqmuli mosazreba alqimiur terminTa _ medidatio-sa da imaginatios _ TaviseburebiT mtkicdeba. 1612 wliT daTariRebuli rulandis Lexicon Alchemiae
Semdegnairad gansazRvravs meditatio-s:94 sityva meditatio maSin gamoiyeneba, roca ada
miani Sinagan dialogs marTavs vinmesTan, vinc uxilavia: RmerTTan, sakuTar TavTan an
mfarvel angelozTan (nax. 137). Sinagani dialogi fsiqologisTvis kargad nacnobi
Temaa.95
rulandiseuli ganmarteba Semdegnairad unda gavigoT: roca alqimikosi
meditari-ze saubrobs, is sakuTar TavSi mopasuxe viRac sxvis xmasTan, anu aracnobier
Tan cocxal damokidebulebas gulisxmobs da ara ubralod gansjas. termini medita
cia hermetul dictum-Si: yovelive warmodgeba erTisgan, erTis meditaciiT, alqimiur
enaze im Sinagan dialogs gulisxmobs, romlis meoxebiTac xdeba saganTa manifes
nax.137. alqimikosi meditaciis, anu nigredo-s mdgomareobaSi.

Jamsthaler, Viatorium spagyricum (1625)
331
karl gustav iungi

tacia, anu maTi aracnobieri mdgomareobidan aqtiur mdgomareobaSi gadasvla. ai, ras
vkiTxulobT filaletes traqtatSi:96 Cveni qva ukve srulqmnili, ukve mza srul
qmnili tinqturis dasamzadeblad, sakuTar Tavs nebiT daimdablebs da manipulacia
Ta miuxedavad, axali aqroladobisTvis meditacias mimarTavs. es saocreba ki
yovelives aRemateba.97 traqtatis Semdegi nawilidan vigebT, rac aqrolado
bisTvismeditaciaSi igulisxmeba: igi nebayofilobiT gadneba uflis nebiT ki suliT
aRivseba, zeafrindeba da qvasac Tan waiyoliebs.98 meditacia aqac RmerTTan Sina
gan dialogs gulisxmobs, romlis SemweobiTac qva suliT ganimsWvaleba, anu metad
gasulierdeba, aqroldeba an sublimirdeba (nax. 178). imaves wers kunratic:
`Seiswavle, mimarTe meditacias, iRvawe, imuSave, moxarSe samyaros Zis
gulidan gadmomdinare ganmkurnebeli nakadiT ganibanebi. wyali, diadi
samyaros Zis sxeulidan da gulidan gadmomdinare, aris WeSmariteba da Aqua
Vitae99
aseve, zemoT naxsenebi meditatio caelestium bonorum-ic (meditacia zeciuri wyalobis

Sesaxeb) unda gavigoT, rogorc aracnobieris dominantTan cocxali, dialeqtikuri
kavSiri. XVII-XVIII saukuneebis frangi alqimikosis traqtatSi gvxvdeba mtkicebuleba
imisa, rac ukve mogaxseneT.100 avtori wers:
ra xSirad mixilavs isini (sacerdotes Aegyptiorum)*, Cemi gonebis sixarulis
momgvrelni. rarig alersiani amboriT masaCuqrebdnen, raTa Semecno
WeSmariteba orazrovani da absurduli moZRvrebisa. xSirad matkbobdnen
gardasul droTa sibrZniT, mSvenieri aRmoCenebiT, Cemi TvalebisTvis da
xelebisTvis ki hermetuli WurWeli salamandra ugrZnobinebiaT (nax. 138;
aseve 129, 130), savse mTvare da amomavali mze unaxvebiaT.
miuxedavad imisa, rom es traqtati alqimiis renesansul epoqas aRwers da ara
pirad gamocdilebas, mainc saucxood gviCvenebs im damokidebulebas, rac alqimikoss
sakuTari opus-is fsiqologiur struqturasTan gaaCnda. Magisterium-is namdvil saidum
los fsiqes uxilav ZalebTan kavSiri warmoadgenda. am saidumlos gamosaxatavad
ki Zveli ostatebi alegoriul enas mimarTavdnen. am tipis uZvelesi teqstia Visio
Arislei101, romelmac Semdgomi xanis literaturazec udidesi gavlena iqonia. Tavisi
xasiaTiT traqtati did msgavsebas avlens aracnobieris CvenTvis kargad nacnob sizm
rebis seriasTan (ix. qvemoT).
332
nax.138. merkuris suli, rogorc prima materia, cecxlSi moTamaSe salamandras saxiT.
Maier, Scrutinium chymicum (1687)
ukve mogaxseneT alqimiur opus-Si meditatio-sa da imagination-s gansakuTrebuli

mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb. Rosarium-is im yuradsaReb adgilebsac gavecaniT, saidanac
SevityveT, rom alqimiuri saqme WeSmariti imaginatio-Ti unda Sesruldes; isic Se
vityveT, rogor SeiZleba gaizardos filosofiuri xe WvretiTa da azris ZaliT (nax.
131, 135). modiT, rCevisTvis kvlav rulandis leqsikons mivmarToT da vnaxoT, rogor
warmoedginaT alqimikosebs imaginatio.
rulandi wers: warmosaxva aris Tanavarskvlavedi adamianSi102, zeciuri an ze
zeciuri sxeuli mis wiaRSi. es ucnauri ganmarteba Tavisebur Suqs hfens opus-Tan
dakavSirebul fantastikur procesebs. es procesebi unda ganvixiloT ara rogorc
mkvdari, aramaterialuri sqema, rogoradac fantaziis suraT-xatebi warmogvid
genia, aramed rogorc sanaxevrod sulieri, sxeulebriv-materialuri, faqizi
corpus-i (nax. 139). im epoqaSi, roca empiriuli fsiqologia jer kidev ar arsebobda,
amgvari konkretika ar unda gvakvirvebdes. materiaSi proecirdeba gaaqtiurebuli
aracnobieri, anu is adamians garedan uaxlovdeba. es aris orbunebovani, nawilobriv
sulieri, nawilobriv ki fizikuri fenomeni, erTgvari konkretizacia, iseTi, rogo
333
karl gustav iungi
nax.139. hermesi gamoixmobs frTosan suls.

saflavSi aRmoCenili zeTis Sesanaxi antikuri WurWeli (lekiTosi)
ric primitivebis fsiqologias axasiaTebs. maSasadame, imaginatio, anu warmosaxva aris

fizikuri aqtivoba, romelic iwvevs materialur cvlilebas, zemoqmedebs masze an
ganicdis mis zemoqmedebas. amgvarad, alqimikoss ara marto sakuTar aracnobierTan
hqonda kavSiri, aramed uSualod materiasTan, romlis gardaqmnasac igi warmosaxvis
ZaliT eswrafvoda. ucnauri gamoTqma astrum (Tanavarskvlavedi) paracelsusis
terminia da am konteqstSi raRac kvintesenciis msgavss unda niSnavdes103. ase rom:
imaginatio warmoadgens sasicocxlo fizikur da sulier ZalTa koncentracias. aqedan
gamomdinare, absoluturad gasagebi xdeba moTxovna alqimikosis janmrTeli fizi
kuri konstituciis Sesaxeb: is xom sakuTar kvintesenciasTan erTad da misi meoxebiT
muSaobda da Tavisive eqsperimentis gardauval pirobas warmoadgenda. fizikur da
fsiqikur fenomenTa Serevis gamo mudam bundovani rCeboda, ra ufro did gavlenas
axdenda alqimiuri procesis saboloo transformaciaze: materialuri Tu sulieri.
ise ki, sakiTxis amgvari dasma TavisTavad arasworia, radgan im epoqaSi an-an ar ar
334
sebobda. arsebobda mxolod Sualeduri sivrce masalasa da gonebas Soris, kerZod:

faqiz sxeulTa fsiqikuri sivrce104, romlis Tvisebebic SesaZloa mentaluradac
gamovleniliyo da materialuradac. es aris erTaderTi, rac alqimiur absurds azrs
sZens. cxadia, Sualeduri sivrce maSinve qreba, rogorc ki yovelgvari proeqciis
gareSe sakuTriv masalis kvlevas viwyebT, faqiz sxeulTa Sualeduri sivrce ki manam
ar arsebobs, sanam gvjera, TiTqos materiisa da fsiqes Sesaxeb raime gagvegeba. rogorc
ki fizika xeluxlebel, miukarebel sferos Seexeba, fsiqologia ki iZulebulia,
nax.140. ostati soror mystica-sTan erTad, romelsac xelSi alqimiuri

saqmis gasaRebi uWiravs. igi ganasaxierebs mzes da mTvares.
Tractatus qui dicitur Thomae Aquinatis de alchimia (1520)
335
karl gustav iungi

pirovnuli aracnobieris sxva fizikuri formebic aRiaros, anu gauval wyvdiads
awydeba, Sualeduri sivrce Tavidan cocxldeba da fizikuri da fsiqikuri ganuyofel
erTianobad mTliandeba. dRes swored am gadamwyvet moments mivuaxlovdiT. am da
msgavs mosazrebebs ver gaveqceviT, Tu metad Tavisebur alqimiur terminologiaSi
garkveva gangvizraxavs. warsulSi alqimiis cdomilebaze saubari dRes ukve
moZvelebuli formaa, radgan misi fsiqologiuri aspeqti mecnierebas axal amocanebs
usaxavs. alqimiaSi metad Tanamedrove problemebi arsebobs, gadaWris gzebi ki sul
sxva sferoSia saZiebeli da ara qimiaSi.
imaginatio-s cneba erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesia opus-is arsis wvdomisTvis. traq
tat De sulphure-s105 anonimuri avtori mogviTxrobs sulis warmosaxviTi unaris Sesaxeb
da cdilobs, gangvimartos xelovnebis saidumlo, anu is, rac alqimikosebma ver SeZles.
igi wers, rom suli RmerTis adgilas imyofeba (sui locum tenens seu vice Rex est) da wminda
sisxlSi, sasicocxlo sulSi binadrobs. igi warmarTavs gonebas106, es ukanaskneli ki _
sxeuls. suli sxeulSi moqmedebs (operatur); magram misi funqciis (operatio) didi nawili ara
sxeulSia, aramed mis gareT (me ki davumatebdi proeqciaSi). es Tviseba RvTaebrivia,
radgan RvTaebrivi sibrZne samyaros sxeulSi mxolod nawilobriv imyofeba, udidesi
nawili ki mis gareT Zevs. warmoidgine ufro maRali ierarqiis sagnebi, vidre maT
Semecnebas (concipere) samyaros sxeuli SeZlebda. yovelive es bunebis miRmaa RvTis
saidumloa. sulic amis magaliTia. sxeulis gareT mas uRrmes saganTa (profundissima)
warmosaxvis unari Seswevs. cxadia, mxolod gonebaSi107 xdeba is, risi warmosaxvac suls
ZaluZs, uflis mier warmosaxuli ki realobaSi gansxeuldeba. suli absolutur da
damoukidebel Zalas flobs (absolutam et separatam potestatem) saimisod, rom sxvagvarad
moiqces (alia facere), vidre es sxeuls SeuZlia aRiqvas. Tu sulma ineba, sxeulze did
Zalas iqoniebs (potestatem in corpus). sxvagvarad Cveni filosofosebis Zalisxmeva amao
iqneboda. Sen SeZleb didebul saganTa SegrZnebas, radgan Cven karibWe gagiReT.
336
analizuri fsiqologiis safuZvlebi

meore leqcia
Zvirfaso qalbatonebo da batonebo, guSin Cveni cnobierebis furclebi mi

movixileT. dRes minda bolomde miviyvano fsiqikis struqturis problemis ganxil
va. adamianis fsiqikis Sesaxeb msjeloba sruli ar iqneboda, aracnobieri procese
bis arseboba rom mxedvelobidan gamogvrCenoda. neba miboZeT mokled SegaxsenoT,
razedac guSin saRamos vsaubrobdiT.
aracnobier procesebs uSualod ver mivudgebiT, _ maTze xeli ar migviwvdeba.
maTi uSualo aRqma SeuZlebelia, isini mxolod TavinT SedegebSi vlindebian da, am
SedegTa specifikuri Taviseburebebidan gamomdinare, vaskvniT, rom maT miRma unda
iyos raRac, saidanac isini saTaves iReben. am bnel sferos Cven aracnobier fsiqikas
vuwodebT.
cnobierebis eqstofsiqikuri Sinaarsebi, pirvel rigSi, garemos zegavlenebiT,
fizikur SegrZnebiTi aRqmebis monacemebiT sazrdooben. magram arsebobs iseTi
Sinaarsebic, romlebic sxva wyaroebidan iReben dasabams, rogoricaa, magaliTad, mex
siereba da gansjis unari. eseni endofsiqikur sferos ganekuTvnebian. cnobierebis
Sinaarsebis mesame wyaro ki fsiqikis bneli samyaroa, aracnobieri. aq Cven endofsiqikuri
funqciebis Taviseburebebs vawydebiT. isini im mediums warmoadgenen, romlis
meSveobiTac aracnobieri Sinaarsebi cnobierebis zedapirs aRweven.
ase rom, aracnobier procesebs pirdapir ver davakvirdebiT. maTi is produqtebi
ki, romelnic cnobierebis zRurbls gadalaxaven, or kategoriad SegviZlia davyoT.
pirveli kategoria im masalas moicavs, romelic Seicnoba rogorc ueWvelad pirov
nuli warmoSobisa; es Sinaarsebia pirovnuli monapovrebi anda instiqtur movlenaTa
produqtebi, romlebic mTliani pirovnebis sakuTrebaa. Semdgom, aqve Sedis daviwyebuli
Tu gandevnili, aseve SemoqmedebiTi Sinaarsebi. yovelive amaSi gansakuTrebuli
da saocari araferia. zogs SeiZleba eseni gacnobierebuli hqondes, sxvebTan ki
aracnobierSia CaZiruli. zogma iseTi ram icis, rac sxvebisTvis ucnobia. SinaarsTan
am kategorias me qvecnobier fsiqikas anu pirovnul aracnobiers vuwodeb, radganac
is, ramdenadac SegviZlia ganvsajoT, mxolod da mxolod pirovnuli elementebisgan
337
karl gustav iungi

unda iyos Sedgenili, elementebisgan, romlebic mTlianobaSi adamianis pirovnebas
(Persoenlichkeit) qmnian.
Semdgom, arsebobs aSkarad gaurkveveli warmomavlobis Sinaarsebi, yovel SemTx
vevaSi, iseTi warmoSobisa, pirovnul monapovrad rom ver CaiTvleba. am Sinaarsebs erTi
TvalSisacemiTavisebureba aqvT _ miTologiuri xasiaTisani arian. maT Semyures iseTi
StabeWdileba gvrCeba, TiTqos isini calkeuli pirovnebis ki ara, aramed ufro mTeli
kacobriobis kuTvnilebas warmoadgenen. rodesac pirvelad wavawydi amgvar Sinaarsebs,
gunebaSi vifiqre, memkvidreobiTobas xom ar efuZnebian-meTqi, da azrad momivida, rom
maTi axsna nacionaluri an rasobrivi memkvidreobiT iqneboda SesaZlebeli. am sakiT
xis naTelsayofad amerikaSi gavemgzavre, wminda sisxlis zangTa sizmrebi Seviswavle
da davadgine, rom es xatebi arc e.w. sisxliT, anda rasobriv memkvidreobasTanaa rame
kavSirSi da arc calkeul adamianTa pirovnuli monapovaria. isini mTeli kacobriobis
kuTvnilebaa, da amitom koleqtiuri bunebisani arian.
am ZiriTadad koleqtiur nimuSebs me arqeTipebi vuwode, avgustineseuli gamo
Tqmis mixedviT. arqetipi warmoadgens typo-s (gamokveTils rasme), arqauli xasiaTis
mkacrad SemosazRvrul struqturas, romelic rogorc formiT, ise mniSvnelobiT
miTologiuri motivebis Semcvelia. wminda saxiT miTologiuri motivebi zRaprebSi,
miTebSi, legendebsa da folklorSi gvxvdeba. yvelaze cnobil motivTagan SegviZlia
davasaxeloT: gmiri, mxsneli, drakoni
(romelic yovelTvis dakavSirebulia mis
mZlevel gmirTan), gveleSapi anda devi, romelic gmirs nTqavs. gmirisa da drakonis
saxecvlili variantia katabazisi, jojoxeTSi Casvla, nekiia. (albaT gexsomebaT òdi
sea~ dan is adgili, roca odisevsi adinferos Cadis, raTa tirezia, naTelm xil
veli, gamohkiTxos). nekiias es motivi yovel nabijze gvxvdeba antikur samyaroSi
da faqtiurad mTel msoflioSi. is aracnobieri fsiqikis Rrma fenebis cnobiere
bis introversiis fsiq ologiur movlenas gamoxatavs. am fenebidan upirovno,
miTologiuri xasiaTis Sinaarsebi amodian, anu, sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, arq e
tipebi, da amitomac vuwodeb me maT upirovno anu koleqtiur aracnobiers.
cxadia, aq koleqtiuri aracnobieris am calke problemis mxolod konturebs Tu
movxazavT, isic _ gakvriT. magram mogiyvanT magaliTs koleqtiuri aracnobieris
simbolikisa da masTan Cemi midgomis TaviseburebaTa Sesaxeb, raTa SeZloT misi
gansxvaveba pirovnuli aracnobierisagan. amerikaSi rom mivdiodi zangebis arac
nobieris sarkvlevad, TavSi es kiTxva mitrialebda: ZiriTadi koleqtiuri nimuSebi
rasobrivi memkvidreobaa Tu `warmosaxvis aprioruli kategoriebi~- meTqi, rogorc
maT orma frangma, iuberma da mosma, Cemi gamokvlevebisagan damoukideblad uwoda.
da ai, iq erTi zangi miyveba sizmars, romelSic borbalze gakruli kaci figurirebs.
mTel sizmars ar mogiyvebiT _ araa amJamad amis aucilebloba. mas, raRa Tqma unda,
338
pirovnuli mniSvnelobac hqonda da upirovno warmodgenebis daRic aCnda, magram

amjerad mxolod am ukanasknel motivs gamovyof. Zalze umecari samxreTeli zangi
gaxldaT; arc inteleqtiT gamoirCeoda da arc araferi. zangTa ganTqmul religi
ur xasiaTs Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, jvarze gakruli kaci rom dasizmreboda, _ kidev
ho, moulodneli ar iqneboda, jvars pirovnuli gamocdilebis monapovrad CavTvli
diT, borbalze gakruls Tu ixilavda, vin ifiqrebda! es Zalze uCveulo xatebaa. ra
Tqma unda, ver dagimtkicebT, rom am zangs SemTxveviT aseTi suraTi ar enaxa an rom
Tavis dReSi msgavsi araferi smenoda, da rom es ar Cahyva ZilSi. magram Tuki mas am
warmodgenis nimuSi ar gaaCnda, maSin saqme arqetipul xatebasTan gvqonia, _ borbalze
gakvra xom miTologiuri motivia. es swored is, ZvelTaZveli mzis borbalia, da
jvarcma mzis RmerTis gulis mosalbobad Sewiruli msxverpli gaxldaT, iseve ro
gorc adre miwis nayofierebis gasazrdelad adamianebsa da cxovelebs swiravdnen
xolme. mzis borbali gansakuTrebiT arqauli da, iqneb, saerTod uZvelesi religiuri
warmodgenac kia. rodeziuli qandakebebis Seswavlisas misma kvalma mezoliTur da
paleoliTur xanamdec ki SeiZleba migviyvanos. magram namdvili borblebi mxolod
brinjaos xanaSi arsebobda; paleoliTSi borbali jer kidev ar iyo gamogonili. Cans,
rodeziuli mzis borbali imave epoqidanaa warmomdgari, romelsac cxovelTa zogi
Zalze natiralisturi gamosaxuleba ganekuTvneba, rogoricaa, magaliTad, ganTqmuli
tkipebiani martorqa, dakvirvebulobis Sedevri. ase rom rodeziuli mzis borbali
pirvandel xilvas warmoadgens; albaT, is mzis arqetopuli xatebaa. magram is ar aris
naturalisturi xasiaTisa, radganac oTx an rva segmentadaa xolme dayofili (sur. 3).
danawqevrebuli wris xateba simboloa, romelsac kacobriobis mTel istoriaSi, aseve
sur. 3. mzis borbali
rogorc Tanamedrove adamianTa sizmrebSi, vawydebiT. sruliad SesaZlebelia, namdvi

li borblis gamogoneba am xilvas emyarebodes. mravali Cveni aRmoCena miTologiur
anticipaciebsa da uZveles warmodgenebs efuZneba. ase, magaliTad, alqimiis xelovneba
Tanamedrove qimiis dedaa. Cveni cnobieri, mecnieruli suli aracnobierSi yalibdeba.
339
karl gustav iungi

im zangis sizmarSi borbalze gakruli kaci gameorebaa berZnuli miTologiuri
motivisa iqsionis Sesaxeb, romelic RmerTTa da kacTa SeurawyofisaTvis zevsis
mier marad mbrunav borbalze iqna gakruli. miTologiuri motivis es magaliTi, ub
ralod, imisTvis mogiyvaneT, rom koleqtiuri aracnibieris idea gadmomeca. erTi
calke aRebuli magaliTi, cxadia bevrs arafers niSnavs. magram isic xom SeuZlebelia
davuSvaT, rom im zangs berZnuli miTologia hqonda Seswavlili, da Zalian saeWvoa,
rom mas odesme berZnuli miTologiuri figurebis gamosaxuleba enaxa. Tanac, sxva
TaSoris, iqsionis gamosaxulebebi sakmaod iSviaTia.
SemeZlo axla saocari erTmniSvnelovani sabuTebi momeyvana aracnobierSi aseTi
ZiriTadi miTologiuri nimuSebis arsebobis Taobaze. magram amisTvis sul cota ori
kviris ganmavlobaSi mainc momiwevda leqciebis kiTxva. jer sizmrebis da sizmarTa
seriebis azri unda gadmomeca da mere mimeTiTebina yvela istoriul paralelsa
da maT mniSvmnelobaze. am xatebaTa da warmodgenaTa simbolikas xom skolebsa da
universtetebSi ar aswavlian, da specialistebsac ki iSviaTad Tu gaegebaT rame amis
Sesaxeb. me iZulebuli viyavi wlebis ganmavlobaSi mekvlia es xatebebi da Tavad meZebna
masala, ase rom rac unda ganaTlebuli unda iyos Cemi publika, mainc ar moveli,
amgvari CaxlarTuli ambebi au courant rom icodes. sizmris analizis teqnikis jeri rom
mova, mainc momixdeba amgvar miTologiur masalaze SeCereba, da maSin warmodgena
SegeqmnebaT imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor tardeba praqtikulad es muSaoba _ aracnobieris
produqtebisaTvis paralelTa monaxva; jerjerobiT ki iZulebuli var imis aRniSvniT
davkmayofilde, rom aracnobieris es fena ZiriTadad miTologiur nimuSebs Seicavs da
iseT Sinaarsebs warmoSobs, romelTac individuums ver mivawerT; ase gasinjeT, isini
SeiZleba ewinaaRmdegebodes kidec sizmris mnaxvelis pirovnul fsiqologias. ase,
magaliTad, Cvenda gansacvifreblad, sruliad gaunaTlebel pirovnebasTan SeiZleba
iseT sizmars gadaveyaroT, romelic mas marTlac ar vunda dasizmreboda, radgan
yovlad sakvirvel rameebs Seicavs. bavSvebis sizmrebma ki zogjer SeiZleba iseTi
Tavsatexi gagviCinos, rom mere gonze mosasvlelad Svebulebis aReba dagvCirdes, _
maTi simboloebi imdenad Rrmaazrovania, rom saSvels ar gvaZlevs kiTxva: ki magram,
rogor SeiZleba bavSvs aseTi ram dasizmreboda?
sinamdvileSi ki es sul advili asaxsnelia. Cvens suls, iseve rogorc sxeuls, Tavisi
istoria aqvs. amaze gakvirveba igivea, rom, davuSvaT, imas gaveocebineT, adamians
rom brmanawlavi aqvs. gana man icis, rom aseTi ram unda gaaCndes? ara, ubralod, Tan
dahyva. milionobiT adamianma ar icis, rom Timusis jirkvali aqvs, magram amiT araferi
icvleba, _ mainc xom aqvT. maT ar ician, rom TavianTi anatomiis garkveuli nawilebis
mixedviT isini TevzTa saxeobas ganekuTvnebian, magram ician Tu ara _ es mainc asea.
Cveni aracnobieri, aseve rogorc Cveni sxeuli, warsulis danaSTTa da mogonebaTa
340
samyofelia. aracnobieri koleqtiuri fsiqikis struqturis Seswavla, albaT, iseTive

aRmoCenebs moitanda, rogorsac SedarebiTi anatomia. mistikuri aq araferia, magram
rakiRa koleqtiur arcnobiers vaxseneb, mecnierebisa da progresis mtrad var ga
mocxadebuli. koleqtiur aracnobiers mistikasTan ra kavSiri aqvs! es, ubralod,
mecnierebis axali ganStoebaa. aracnobieri koleqtiuri procesebis arsebobis aRia
reba namdvilad marTebs saR gansjas, _ marTalia, bavSvs cnobiereba dabadebidanve
Tan ar dahyveba, magram misi Sinagani samyaro mainc araa tabuli rasa. bavSvi savsebiT
gansazRvruli tviniT ibadeba, da ingliseli bavSvis tvini ise ki ar imuSavebs, rogorc
avstralieli aborigenisa, aramed ise, rogorc Tanamedrove ingliselisa. tvini mza
struqturiTve Cndeba, Tanamedrove yaidaze muSaobs, magram Tavisi istoria gaaCnia.
is milionobiT wlis ganmavlobaSi viTardeboda, im istorias asaxavs, romlis nayofic
TviTonaa, da imaze bunebrivi raa, rom is iseve rogorc sxeuli, Tavis TavSi atarebdes
am ganviTarebis nakvalevs. ase rom, rodesac admianis Sinagani struqturis wiaRSi
viWrebiT, ra gasaocaria is, rom arqauli sulis naSTebs mivagnoT.
koleqtiuri aracnobieris warmodgena marTlac martivia. ase rom ar yofiliyo,
saswaulze iqneboda axla laparaki, me ki aq zRaprebs rodi vyvebi. me mxolod gamoc
dilebas veyrdnobi. TqvenTvis rom es gamocdileba gameziarebina, Tqvenc zustad imave
daskvnebs gamoitandiT arqauli motivebis Sesaxeb. me rogorRac SemTzveviT gamovkari
xeli miTologias da am sferoSi, SeiZleba, Tqvenze meti wigni mqondes wakiTxuli,
Torem miTologiiT yovelTvis ki ar viyavi gatacebuli. erT mSvenier dRes, roca
kidev klinikaSi vmuSaobdi, erT SizofreniiT daavadebul pacients SEvxvdi, romelsac
ucnauri xilva hqonda, da miyveboda; ginda Tu ara, Senc unda daganaxoo, _ Camacivda,
magram me verafers vxedavdi. vifiqre, es kaci giJia, me _ normaluri, da misi es
xilvaa Tu raRaca, raSi unda menaRvlebodes-meTqi. magram mainc mosveneba damekarga,
sagonebelSi Cavvardi, ras unda niSnavdes-meTqi es xilva. im daskvnis moSvelieba, es kaci
SeSlilia-meTqi, ar mawynarebda. da ai, gamoxda xani da wavawydi wigns, sadac germanel
swavlul a.diterixts raRac magiuri papirusis nawilebi hqonda gamoqveynebuli. me
didi interesiT Sevudeqi mis Seswavlas, da me-7 gverdze sityvasityviT ar aRmovaCine
Cemi pacientis xilva?! elda meca. ai, Tavsatexi: ranairad gauCnda im kacs is xilva?!
saqme erT xatebas ki ar exeboda, aramed xatebaTa mTel wyebas sityvieri damTxvevi
TurT. aRar minda detalebs Sevyve, radgan es Zalze Sors wagviyvans. ise ki, Zalian
saintereso SemTxvevaa, _ sxvaTa Soris, gamoqveynebulic maqvs.
am saocarma paralelma metad amaforiaqa. Tqven, albaT, ar geqnebaT wakiTxuli
swavlul profesor diterixis wigni. rom wagekiTxaT da Tqveni TvaliT genaxaT aseTi
SemTxvevebi, Tqvenc mixvidodiT koleqtiuri aracnobieris warmodgenamde.
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karl gustav iungi
sur. 4: sulier-mSvinvier sferos diagrama
uRrmesi fena, romelzedac aracnobieris kvlevisas xeli migviwvdeba, isaa, sadac

adamiani calkeuli, SezRuduli arseba ki aRaraa, aramed ganivrcoba da kacobriobis
arss erwymis _ cnobierebiT ki ara, aramed Tavisi aracnobieriT, e.i. imiT, rac CvenTvis
yvelasaTvis saerToa. iseve, rogorc yvelas, principSi, erTnairi sxeuli gvaqvs _
ori Tvali, ori yuri, erTi guli da a. S., mciredi individualuri gansxvavebebiT,
Sinaganadac swored aseTive principul igiveobas aqvs adgili. koleqtiur sferoSi
calkeiul, individualur arsebebs aRar warmovadgenT: yvelani erTi varT. amis gage
ba kidev ufro ukeT SeiZleba, Tu primitivTa fsiqologias moviSveliebT. primitiuli
msoflmxedvelobiT umniSvnelovanesi damaxasiaTebeli niSania individTaSorisi ga
nurCevloba, subieqtisa da obieqtis erTianiba, participation mystique, rogorc mas levibriuli uwodebs. primitiul msoflmxedvelobaSi aisaxeba adamianis sulis safuZv
lad mdebare struqtura, e.i. is fsiqologiuri Sre, romelsac CvenTvis koleqtiuri
aracnobieri warmoadgens, _ saZirkveli, romelic yvela adamianSi erTi da igivea.
vinaidan es Zireuli struqtura yovel CvenganSi moqmedebs, amitom SeuZlebelia
am sferoSi erTmaneTisagan ganvsxvavdebodeT. vin uwyis, Sens Tavs xdeba aq rame Tu
Cems Tavs. yovelgvari cnobierebis sayrden am koleqtiur sferoSi yvela Cvenganis
cxovreba erTad iseT mTlianobas Seadgens, romlis danawevrebac SeuZlebelia. kaci
rom daufiqrdes, Tu raze metyvelebs participaciis faqti, _ rom arsebiTad Cven
yvelani yvelasTan da yvelaferTan identurni varT, _ gansacvifrebel Teoriul
daskvnamde SeiZleba mivides. magram zedmetad Sors nu SevtopavT, Torem vai Cveni
342
brali! Tumca zogierTi am daskvnaTagan ufro dawvrilebiT rom gangvexila, ar

gvawyenda, _ vinZlo Suqi mohfenoda zog saocrebas, rac admianebs gadaxdebaT
xolme.
neba miboZeT Tavi movuyaro yovelives, rac iTqva. ai, diagrama maqvs wamoRebuli
(sur. 4). cota rTuli ki Cans, magram sinamdvileSi sul martivia. warmoidgineT, rom
Cveni sulier-mSvinvieri samyaro ganaTebuli birTvia. zedapiri, saidanac sinaTle
airekleba, is funqciaa, romlis meSveobiTac ZiriTadad xorcieldeba Segueba. ise
Ti adamianis SemTxvevaSi, romelic umTavresad azrovnebis SemTxvevaSi, romelic
umTavresad azrovnebis saSualebiT axdens Seguebas, upirveles yovllisa, moazrovne
adamianis suraTi warmogvidgeba Tvalwin. is yvelafers azrovnebiT aRWurvili udgeba,
da swored azrovnebaa is, riTac mas Tavi moaqvs da risi imedic aqvs, rom sxvebis winaSe
ar Searcxvens. anlogiurad, igive SeiZleba iTqvas, roca romelime sxva funqciaa
wamyvani.
diagramaze periferiul funqciad SegrZnebaa warmodgenili. is gare samyaros
obieqtTa Sesaxeb gvawvdis informacias. meore wreSi, azrovnebaSi, iTvisebs imas,
rac mas SegrZnebebma gadasces; aq nivTebis saxeldeba da daxasiaTeba xdeba. Semdeg
grZnobis jeri modis; grZnobiT Rirebuleba Tan axlavs yovelgvar Wvretas; da bolos,
warmoiSveba xolme erTgvari codna imis Sesaxeb, Tu saidan gaCnda raRac, saiT miemar
Teba da ra SeuZlia moimoqmedos. es intuiciia, romlis meoxebiTac adamiani sakuTari
Tvalsawieris miRma xedavs. es oTxi funqcia Seadgens eqstofsiqikur sistemas.
diagramis Semdegi nawili gamosaxavs cnobier `me-kompleqss, romelsac es funq
ciebi ukavSirdeba. endofsiqikur sistemaSi, pirvel rigSi, gamovyofT mexsierebas,
nebelobisadmi daqvemdebarebul funqcias. is `me-kompleqsis zedamxedvelobis
qveSaa. Semdeg modis funqciaTa subieqturi komponentebi. Tumca nebeloba maTTan
bevrs verafers gaxdeba, magram garkveul farglebSi mainc SeuZlia maTi CaxSoba, ga
moTiSva Tu gaZliereba. am komponentTa meTvalyureoba ase ioli aRaraa, rogorc
mexsierebisa, Tumca, mogexsenebaT, arc TviT mexsierebaa mTlad `wminda wylisa.
Semdeg afeqtebsa da SeWrebs mivadgebiT, romelTa damorCileba mxolod iZulebiTi
xerxebiT Tu SeiZleba. erTaderTi _ SegiZlia ar gamoamJRavno, Torem mets verafers
uzam. muStebi unda Sekra, rom ar afeTqde, radgan es Zalebi, advili SesaZlebelia,
`me~-kompleqsze ufro Zlierebi RmoCndnen.
rasakvirvelia, fsiqikuri sistema aseTi diagramis meSveobiT sruliad ar gamo
isaxeba. es suraTi ufro Sefasebis skalaa, romelic gviCvenebs, Tu rogor klebulobs
TandaTanobiT energia anu intensivoba `me~_ kompleqsisa (romelsac nebeloba war
momadgenlobs), ramdenadac im bnel regions vuaxlovdebiT, mTel am struqturas
qvakuTxedad rom dasdebia _ aracnobiers. aq, pirvel rigSi, varCevT pirovnul
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karl gustav iungi

aracnobiers. fsiqikis es nawili yovelive imas Seicavs, rac igive warmatebiT cno
bieric SeiZleba yofiliyo. mogexsenebaT, aracnobiers bevr rames vuwodebT, magram
es mxolod SedarebiT. am sferoSi araferia iseTi, rac aucileblad yvelasaTvis
aracnobieri unda iyos. arsebobs xalxi, romlisTvisac TiTqmis yvelaferi cnobieria,
risi gacnobierebac ki SEesaZlebelia saerTod adamianisTvis. rasakvirvelia, Cvens
civilizaciaSi araCveulebrivad bevri ramaa aracnobieri, magram sxva xalxs Tu ew
veviT, vTqvaT, indoeTs anda CineTs, daadgenT rom iqaurebisaTvis iseTi raRaceebia
cnobieri, romelTa gamosaqeqad Cveni fsiqoanalitikosebi TveobiT wvaloben xolme.
mere kidev, bunebriv pirobebSi mcxovrebma ubralo adamianebma raRac saswauliT
SEiZleba iseTi raRaceebis codna gamoamJRavnon, qalaqels rom arc daesizmreba, da
Tu daesizmra, isic _ analizis gavleniT. es jer kidev skolaSi davadgine. yrmobis
wlebi sofelSi maqvs gatarebuli, glexebsa da pirutyvTa Soris, da me auarebeli
iseTi ram vicodi, sxva biWebi azrze rom ar iyvnen da bedniereba mqonda yalbi war
modgenebisagan Tavisufali vyofiliyavi. nevrotul Tu normalur adamianTa sizm
rebs, simptomebisa da fantaziebis analizisas aracnobierSi viWrebiT da SesaZleb
loba gveZleba es xelovnuri zRude gadavlaxoT. pirovnuli aracnobieri metad
fardobiTi ramaa. misma sferom SeiZleba reduqcia ganicados da bolos da bolos ise
Semcirdes, nuls miuaxlovdes. sulac araa warmoudgeneli, vinmem Tavisi cnobiereba
imdenad ganaviTaros, rom SeeZlos Tqma: Nihil humanum a me alienum puto.
da bolos, mivaRwieT ukanasknel birTvs, romelsac saerTod ver gavacnobierebT, _
arqetipTa sauflos. is, rasac, albaT, es sfero moicavs, xatebaTa (Bild) formiT iCens
Tavs, romelTa gageba mxolod maSin SgveZleba, Tuki istoriul paralelebs movuZebniT
maT. zogi am amotivtivebul masalaTagani istoriulad Tu ar vcaniT da paralelebi
Tu ar davinaxeT, am SinaarsTa cnobierebasTan SekavSireba SeuZlebeli iqneba, ise rom,
proecirebuli darCebian. koleqtiuri aracnobieris Sinaarsebi nebelobis mier ar
imarTebian da saerTodac ar eqvemdebarebian mas, da iseTi STabeWdileba gveqmneba,
TiTqos CvenTvis ucxo iyos aseTi ram, _ sxvaze vamCnevT, sakuTar Tavze _ vera.
roca koleqtiuri aracnobieris Sinaarsebi aqtiurdeba, sxvebSi raRac-raRaceebs
SevniSnavT xolme; magaliTad, darwmunebulni varT, rom boroti abisinielebi Tvs
esxmian italias. magram xom gaxsovT anatol francis cnobili moTxroba: ori glexi
didi xnis ganmavlobaSi samkvdro-sasicocxlod ayo gadakidebuli. viRac dainteresda
maTi SuRlis mizeziT da erTs hkiTxa, ki magram, ratom gZuls Seni mezobeli, agre
ras erCio. man ki miugo; `Mais il est de lautre cote de la reviere!~ swored aseve mtroben erTi
meores safrangeTi da germania. Cven, Sveicarelebs, sabednierod, msoflio omis dros
SesaZlebloba gvqonda gazeTebi gvekiTxa da am sakvirvel meqanizms davkvirvebodiT,
kacs did qvemexebad rom warmoudgeboda, romlidanac rainis erTi napiridan isrodnen,
344
da meore napiridanac zustad igives imeorebdnen. amasTn, cxadze ucxadesi xdeboda,

rom es adamianebi mezoblebSi amCnevdnen yvelafer imas, rasac sakuTar magaliTze
vera da ver xedavdnen.
uzogadesad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom amas koleqtiur sigiJemde mivyavarT, suliermSvinvier epidemiamde, romelmac SeiZleba revolucia, omi anda raRac amdagvari
gamoiwvios, Tuki mozrdil socialur jgufebSi iCina Tavi koleqtiuri aracnobieris
viTarebam. aseTi moZraobebi wuTSi moedeba mTel qveyanas, TiTqmis moZaladoebrivad
gadamdebia isini, _ koleqtiuri aracnobieri Tu gaaqtiurda, kaci sakuTar Tavs
aRar ekuTvnis. is aramarto monawileobs am moZraobaSi, aramed Tavad aris es
moZraoba. germaniaSi rom icxovroT anda Tu ndac mcire xani dahyoT iq, rogorc wesi,
winaaRmdegobis gawevis mcdeloba fuWad CagivliT, _ Zvalsa da rbilSi gagijdebaT
iqauri ambebi. rac ar unda iyos, mainc kaci xar da, sadac ar unda cxovrobde,
TviTdamkvidrebas mxolod imiT SeiZleba miaRwio, rom cnobiereba SEzRudo da rac
SeiZleba gamocarielde, mSvinvierad gamoifito. magram am gziT samSvinvels dakargav,
_ raRa darCeba Sengan: cnobierebis patara marcvali, cxovrebis zRvaze rom tivtivebs
da masSi araviTar monawileobas ar iRebs. xolo Tu imadve ginda darCe, rac xar, maSin
koleqtiur atmosferos versad gaeqcevi. SeuZlebelia afrikaSi an romelime sxva
msgavs mxareSi icxovro da es mxare Zvalsa da rbilSi ar gagijdes. yviTel kanianebTan
Tu cxovrob, kanqveSgayviTldebi, _ es ar agcdeba, radganac sadRac Senc iseTi xar,
rogoric zangia Tu Cineli, anda vinc unda iyos, visTan erTadac cxovrob; iseTive
xar, rogorc yvela sxvaa _ adamianuri. koleqtiuri aracnobieris mixedviT sxva
rasebis warmomadgenlebisgan ar gansxvavdebi; igive arqetipebi gaqvs, rac maT, iseve
rogorc Tvalebi, guli da sxv. gaqvs igivenairi. mere da ra, rom maTi kani Savia. Tumca,
garkveuli mniSvneloba amasac aqvs _ erTi istoriuli fena maT albaT Cvenze ufro
naklebi eqnebaT. Tu erebi erTmaneTisagan sulieri SreebiT gansxvavdebian, es maTi
ganviTarebis istorias Seesatyviseba.
vinc CemsaviT Seiswavlis rasebsa da xalxebs, bevr rasme Zalze sainteresos SeiZleba
gadaawydes. magaliTad, Crdilo amerikelebs Tu SeviswavliT, SegviZlia davrwmundeT,
rom amerikeli Tavis TavSi indiels atarebs, _ is xom dapyrobil miwaze cxovrobs.
indieli (mTeli Tavisi dRe da moswreba erTi maTganisaTvisac rom ar moekras Tvali)
da zangi (miuxedavad imisa, rom mas devnian da tramvai TeTrebisTvisaa gankuTvnili)
amerikels sisxlSi da xorcSi aqvs gamjdari, da igrZnoba, rom is nawilobriv
feradkanian nacias ganekuTvneba. aseTi raRaceebi sruliad aracnobierad xdeba, da
amaze laparaki mxolod Zalze Tavisuflad moazrovne adamianebTan SeiZleba. es iseve
Znelia, rogorc is, germanels an frangs rom esaubro imaze, Tu ratom eqiSpebian ase
erTmaneTs.
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karl gustav iungi

am cota xnis win parizSi SesaniSnavi saRamo gavatare. Zalze ganaTlebul xalxTan
viyavi miwveuli; saamod vbaasobdiT. maT mkiTxes Cemi azri erovnul gansxvavebaTa
Sesaxeb. erTi ki vifiqre, gamiWirdeba amis axsna-meTqi, da ase mivuge: rac TqvenSi
didad fasobs, esaa la clarte latine, la clarte de lesprit latin, da es imitom, romTqveni azrovneba
arasrulfasovania; laTinuri qveynis moazrovne germanelTan SedarebiT moikoWlebsmeTqi. maT yuri cqvites, me ki ganvagrZe: `samagierod, Tqvens grZnobas badali ar
moepoveba, is absoluturad diferencirebulia~. eg rogoro, mkiTxes. me mivuge: `wadiT
romelime kafeSi an kabareSi, an sadme, sadac Sansoniebs da sketCebs dgamen, da pirdapir
saswaulis momswre gaxdebiT. jer auarebel groteskul da cinikur raRaceebs naxavT
da gaigonebT, rasac uecrad raRac sentimentaluri mohyveba, _ deda bavSvs kargavs,
siyvaruli ubedurad mTavrdeba, raRac saocrad patrioruli iCens saidanRac Tavs da...
xalxi tiris. Tqven Saqrisa da marilis Sezaveba giyvarT. germanels ki SeuZlia mTeli
saRamo marto Saqarze gaZlos. frangs Sig cotaodeni marilic unda rom erios. vinmes
rom ecnobiT, xom eubnebiT: Ènchante de faire votre connaissance~. sulac ara xarT enchante de
faire sa connaissance; gunebaSi fiqrobT: èSmaksac wauRixar!~ magram es Seusabamoba
arc Tqven gawuxebT didad da arc imas, visac ecnobiT; magram germanels nurasodes
etyviT, Enchante de faire votre connaissance-o, Torem is marTla dagijerebT.
germaneli wyvil wvivsakravs rom mogyidiT, marto imas ki ar elis, rom fass gadauxdiT,
_ rac bunebrivi iqneboda, _ aramed moelis, rom Tqven igi amisaTvis geyvarebaT.
germanelebi imiT SeiZleba davaxasiaTod, rom maTi grZnobiTi funqcia arasrul
fasovania, e.i. aradiferencirebulia. magram es rom germanels uTxraT, ewyineba. mec
mewyineboda. misTvis sanukvaria is, rasac TviTon saamo familiarobas eZaxis: boliT
gavsebuli oTaxi, yvelas yvela uyvars, _ am siamovnebis CaSxameba rogor iqneba! ab
soluturi erTmniSvneloba unda iyos gamefebuli, arsebobdes erTi, miRebuli toni
da araviTari sxva. es gaxlavT la clarte germanique du sentiment, da is arasrulfasovania.
Tavis mxriv, frangi sastikad gaginawyendebaT, rame paradoqsuli rom akadroT, _
misTvis xom is gaugebari iqneba. erT inglisel filosofoss uTqvams, aRmatebuli
goni arasodes aris savsebiT dawmendilio. es marTalia, da daxvewili grZnobac, aseve,
mTlad martivi arasodesaa. grZnobas marTla mxolod maSin vatanT gemos, roca igi
cota saWoWmanocaa, xolo azri, romelic erT farul winaaRmdegobasac ar Seicavs,
damarwmunebeli ar aris.
amieridan Cveni ZiriTadi Tema Semdegi sakiTxi iqneba: rogor SegviZlia mivudgeT
adamianis bneliT mocul mxares? rogorc ukve vaxseneT adre, amisaTvis samgvari
analizuri meTodi arsebobs: asociaciis eqsperimenti, sizmris analizi da aqtiuri
warmosaxva. jer minda mcireodeni ram asociaciis eqsperimentis Sesaxeb mogiTxroT.
mraval Tqvengans es iqneb moZveleburadac ki eCvenos, magram ramdenadac asocia
ciis eqsperimenti jerac tardeba, valdebuli var ganvixilo. CendaTavad me mas pa
cientebTan ar viyeneb, samagierod, kriminalur SemTxvevebSi _ ki.
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eqsperimentisaTvis saWiroa (me imas vimeoreb, rac Tqvenc mSvenivrad mogexsene

baT) sia, Semdgari, davuaSvaT asi sityvisgan. cdis pirs eubnebian, rac SeiZleba swrafad
Tqvas pirvelive sityva, romelic TavSi mouva, rogorc ki sityva-gamRizianebels
gaigonebs da gaigebs. rodesac davrwmundebiT, rom cdis pirma zustad gaigo, rac
moeTxoveba, SegviZlia saqmes SevudgeT. reaqciis dro wamzomiT aRiricxeba. asi sity
va rom CaTavdeba, Semdegi nabijis jeri dgeba: sityva-gamRizianeblebs vimeorebT da
cdis pirma Tavisi adrindeli pasuxebi unda gaimeoros. zogjer mexsiereba Ralatobs,
da ganmeoreba mtkice ar aris anda mcdaria. aseTi Secdomebi mniSvnelovania.
es eqsperimenti Tavdapirvelad sul sxva miznebisTvis iqna danergili; misi
saSualebiT ideaTa asociaciebi unda SeeswavlaT. ra Tqma unda, es wminda wylis
utopia iyo. amgvari primitiuli saSualebebi aseTi ramis sakvlevad ras gamodgeba.
samagierod, sxva ramis SeswavlaSi SegviZlia gamoviyenoT, da Tanac swored maSin,
roca eqsperimenti `gvimtyunebs~. e.i. rodesac cdis pirebi Secdomebs uSveben. ase,
magaliTad, miawvdi sul ubralo sityvas, romelzedac bavSvsac ar gauWirdeba pasuxis
gacema, maRalinteleqtualuri pirovneba ki ver pasuxobs. ratom? _ es sityva Seexo
imas, rasac me kompleqs vuwodeb, _ fsiqikuri Sinaarsebis grovas, romlebic uCveulo,
ufro, albaT, mtanjveli grZnobiTi RirebulebiTaa datvirTuli, raRac iseTiT, rac
normalur pirobebSi Tvals mofarebulia. TiTqos pirovnebis sqeli fena saar
tilerio yumbaram bnel Sremde Seangriao, ise moxvdeba gulze, visac, vTqvaT, fulis
kompleqsi aqvs, sityvebi: `yidva~, `gadaxda~, an `fuli~. reaqciebi aq darRveuli
iqneba.
sur. 5: asociaciis eqsperimenti
347
karl gustav iungi

aseTi darRvevebis Tormeti Tu meti saxe arsebobs, da zogierT maTgans ga
gacnobT, raTa maTi praqtikuli mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb warmodgena SegeqmnaT. jer
erTi, reaqciis drois gazrdas aqvs udidesi praqtikuli mniSvneloba. imis da
sadgenaT, Tu romel sityva-gamRizianeblebze iyo reqciis dro metismetad didi,
TiToeuli cdis piris reaqciis saSualo dones angariSoben. sxva damaxasiaTebeli
darRvevebia: erTze met sityviani reaqciebi (miuxedavad instruqciisa); Secdomebi
pasuxebis ganmeorebisasa; reaqciebi Secvlili saxis gamometyvelebiT, siciliT,
sxeulis moZraobiT, xel-fexis qneviT, xvelebiT, enis dabmiT da sxva amdagvariT;
aradamakmayofilebeli reqciebi, rogoricaa: `ki~ an àra~; reaqciebi, romlebic
sityva-gamRizianeblis WeSmarit azrs gverds uvlian; erTi da imave pasuxis
ganmeorebiTi xmareba; ucxo enebis gamoyeneba, rac inglisSi, raRa Tqma unda, iseTi
araferia, magram CvenSi SeiZleba didi usiamovnebac mohyves; Secdoma gameorebisas
_ roca mexsiereba Ralatobs; araviTari reaqcia.
yvela es reaqcia unebliea. Tu vinme daTanxmda cdis piris movaleobaTa Ses
rulebaze, mTlianad eqsperimentatoris xelSi aRmoCndeba, da Tu ar daTnxmda _ mainc
igivea, radgan cxadia, ratomaa, rom TvalSi ar mosdis es eqsperimenti. damnaSaves
SeuZlia eqsperimentis Catarebaze uari ganacxados, magram misTvisve uaresia, _
dResaviT naTeli iqneba, ratomac jiutobs; daTanxmdeba da _ TviTonve gahyofs
Tavs yulfSi. ciurixSi mZime SemTxvevebis dros sasmarTlo miwvevs xolme; ai, maSin
ki ukanaskneli xavsis rolSi gamovdivar.
asociaciis eqsperimentis Sedegebi martiv diagramaze SeiZleba warmovadginoT
(sur. 5.) svetebis simaRle cdis piris reaqciis efeqtur dros gamoxatavs. wyvetili
horizontali reaqciis saSualo drois maCvenebelia. gauferadebeli svetebi is
reaqciebia, romlebic darRvevis niSnebs ar amJRavneben; gamuqebuli svetebi darR
veul reaqciebs aRniSnaven. mag., me-7, me-8, me-9 da me-10 reaqciebze darRvevaTa mTel
serias vawydebiT: me-7 sityva-gamRizianebeli kritikuli iyo, da cdis pirs arc
ki SeumCnevia, ise gadidda Semdgomi sami reaqcis dro, radganac aq adgili hqonda
sityva-gamRizianebelze mocemuli reaqciis perseveracias. cdis pirs saerTd ar
gaucnobierebia, rom aq emocia hqonda. me-13 reaqcia izolirebuli darRvevaa, me16 _ 20-ze ki kvlav darRvevaTa mTeli seria aRmocenda. uZlieresi darRvevebi
me-18-sa da me-19-zea. am gansakuTrebul SemTxvevaSi saqme gvaqvs e.w. sensibilobis
(mgrZnobiarobis) gaZlierebasTan, e.i. aracnobieri emociis masensibilizebeli gav
lenis SedegTan: Tu kritikulma sityva-gamRizianebelma perseverirebadi emociuri
reaqcia gamoiwvia da Semdegi kritikuli sityva-gamRizianebeli SemTxveviT am
perseveraciis sferoSi moxvda, savaraudoa, rom is ufro Zlierad imoqmedebs, vidre
maSin, indiferentul asociaciaTa seriaSi rom gamoreuliyo. amas perseverirebadi
emociis masensibilizebel gavlenas uwodeben.
348
kriminaluri SemTxvevebis dros masensibilizebeli moqmedeba SeiZleba Segne

bulad gamoviyenoT: kritikuli sityva-gamRizianeblebi ise unda CavurToT xolme,
rom rogorme perseveraciis savaraudo sferoSi moxvdnen, raTa kritikul sityvagamRizianebelTa moqmedeba gaZlierdes. sasamarTlo saqmis garCevisas iseTi kri
tikuli sityva-gamRizianeblebi unda SevarCioT, romelic pirdapir kavSirSi iqnebian
mocemul danaSaulTan.
sur. 5-ze: cdis piri ase, 35 wlisa iqneboda, wesieri kaci, erT-erTi Cemi normaluri
cdis pirTagani. rasakvirvelia, mraval normalurze momixda eqsperimentis Catareba,
sanam paTologiuri masalidan daskvnebis gamotanis SesaZlebloba momecemoda. Tu
gsurT gaigoT, ra aCuxebda am kacs, amisaTvis saWiroa waikiTxoT, ra sityvebma ga
moiwvies darRvevebi, daakavSiroT es sityvebi, da mTeli es historia Tqvens xelT
iqneba. axlave mogiyvebiT:
Tavdapirvelad sityva dana iyo, oTxi darRveuli reaqcia rom gamoiwvia. Semdeg
laxvarze iyo darRveva, dartymaze, wvetianze, da boTlze. yvela isini 50 sityvagamRizianeblisagan Semdgar mokle seriaSi gamovlinda, rac sakmarisi aRmoCnda
CemTvis, am kacisTvis maSinve meTqva, raSic iyo saqme. da ai, veubnebi: marTali giTxraT,
ar vicodi, Tu aseTi usiamovneba SegemTxvaT~. is momaCerda da momigo, ar mesmis, razea
laparakio. nasvami yofilxarT da viRacisTvis sxeulSi dana gagiyriaT-meTqi. saidan
iciTo, erTi ki mkiTxa da mere mTeli es ambavi aRiara. kargi ojaxiSvili gaxldaT,
_ misianebi ubralo, magram rigiani xalxi iyo. sazRvargareT wasula, erTxelac
damTvrala da Cxubi mosvlia, hoda Turme dana iZro da viRaca daWra, risTvisac erTi
wliT cixeSi Casves. amas sastik saidumlod inaxavda, sityvac aravisTan dascdeia, _ es
xom mis cxovrebas Crdils miayenebda. qalaqSi, axlobelTa Soris aravisTvis araferi
gaumxelia da me ki ai, ase SemTxveviT gamovCxrike es ambavi.
Cems seminarze ciurixSi asociaciis eqsperimentsac vatareb xolme. visac àR
sarebis Tqma~ surs, _ raRa Tqma unda, rogor davuSli, magram sul imas viTxov, iseTi
xalxi masala momitanon, romelTac Cemi studentebi icnoben, me ki _ ara, da vuCveneb,
Tu rogoraa SesaZlebeli ama Tu im piris warsulis amokiTxva. es marTlacda saintereso
samuSaoa. xandaxan iseTi rameebi irkveva, Tvalebi Sublze agivaT.
kidev ramdenime magaliTs mogiyvanT. mravali wlis winaT, rodesac jer kidev
axalgazrda eqimi viyavi, kriminologiis erTma moxucma profesorma am eqsperimentis
Sesaxeb gamomkiTxa da ganmicxada, magisi araferi mjerao. ase mivmarTe: àra, batono
profesoro? iqneb erTxel mainc gamogecadaT?~ Sin mimipatiJa, da saqmes SevudeqiT. 10
sityvis mere daiRala da miTxra: àba aman ra unda mogceT?! araferic ar gamodis!~ me
vuTxari, 10-12 sityvaSi ras unda elode, asi rom Sesruldeba, maSin vnaxoT-meTqi. am aTI
sityviT veras gaawyobTo? _ mkiTxa. me mivuge: `friad mcires, magram raRac-raRaceebis
349
karl gustav iungi

Tqmas mainc SevZleb. cota xnis winaT SeEwuxebuli yofilxarT, radgan fuli ar gyofniT.
Semdeg... Turme geSiniaT, gulis avadmyofobiT ar gardaicvaloT. Tqven, albaT, saf
rangeTSi swavlobdiT da iq raRac sasiyvarulo ambavi gadagxdeniaT, romelic axla
isev gaxsendebaT, _ sikvdilze fiqrisas xom Zvelma, sayvarelma mogonebebma ician
xolme warsulis wiaRidan amotivtiveba~. saidan gaigeTo, mkiTxa. amis mixvedras ra
undoda! igi 72 wlisa gaxldaT da sityva gulze asociacia tkivili hqonda; aqedan
_ SiSi, gulis SeteviT ar momkvdariyo. sikvdilze misi asociacia gardacvaleba iyo
_ bunebrivi reaqcia, xolo fulze ki _ Zalian cota, _ Zalze uCveulo reaqcia. Sem
deg ki saqme uCveulod warimarTa. gadaxdaze reaqciis dro didi iyo; Semdeg Tqva: La
Semeuse, TumcaRa Cven germanulad vsaubrobdiT. es frangul monetebze gamosaxuli
cnobili figuraa. yvelaferi kargi, magram am moxucs raRa maincdamainc La Semeuse
moagonda?sityva kocnaze reaqciis dro didi hqonda, Semdeg ki Tvalebi gaubrwyinda
da warmoTqva: `lamazi:~. maSin ki yvelaferi naTeli gaxda. frangulad laparaks
arasdidebiT ar daiwyebda, es ena rom misTvis raRac gansakuTrebul grZnobasTan ar
yofiliyo dakavSirebuli, magram rasTan _ es gamocanas warmoadgenda. iqneb zarali
naxa frangul frankTan dakavSirebiT? magram im dros inflaciisa da deflaciis
Sesaxeb aravin laparakobda. ase rom, es arafer SuaSi iqneboda. me vyoymanobdi, veRar
gamego, fulSi iyo saqme Tu siyvarulSi, magram kocnaze rom lamazi Tqva, mivxvdi,
rom siyvaruli iqneboda. is imis kaci ar iyo, am sibereSi rom parizs wasuliyo, magram
adre iurisprudencias Seiswavlida parizSi, mgoni, sorbonaSi. mTeli am ambis Sekav
Sireba araviTar siZneles ar warmoadgens.
xandaxan namdvil tragediebs vawydebiT. sur. 6-ze ase, ocdaaTiode wlis qa
lis SemTxvevaa warmodgenili. is klinikaSi imyofeboda, da diagnozad dasmuli
hqonda depresiuli Sizofrenia. prognozi, Sesabamisad, cudi iyo. avadmyofi Cems
ganyofilebaSi iwva, da iciT, saocari grZnoba gamiCnda. avismomaswavebel prognos
ase ubralod ver Sevurigdebodi, radgan ukve Tavad Sizofrenia CemTvis fardobi
Ti ramaa; Cems Tavs veubnebodi, met-naklebad vin ar urevs-meTqi; magram es qali raRac
sxvanairad urevda, da amitom diagnozs wavuyrue. im droisaTvis jer kidev friad
mcire ram iyo cnobili. raRa Tqma unda, anamnezi Sevkribe, magram iseTi veraferi vnaxe,
rac mis avad gaxdomas axsnida. amitom asociaciis eqsperimenti Cavutare da ucnauri
ram gamovlinda. pirveli darRveva sityva angelozze aRmoCnda, sityvaze Tavneba
ki reaqcia saerTod ar moucia. amas mohyva darRvevebi Semdeg sityvebze: boroti,
mdidari, fuli, suleli, siyvaruli da qorwineba. es qali kargi Tanamdebobis mqone,
SeZlebuli kacis meuRle gaxldaT, aSkarad rom kmayofili iyo Tavisi cxovrebiT.
davkiTxe, magram manac, iseve rogorc colma, mxolod imis Tqma SeZlo, rom depresiam
maTi ufrosi Svilis, oTxi wlis gogonas gardacvalebidan daaxloebiT ori Tvis
350
Semdeg iCina Tavi. avadmyofobis mizezis Sesaxeb sxva veraferi gairkva. asociaciis
eqsperimentma uaRresad Tavgzaambnevi seria gamoavlina reaqciebisa, romelTac
ver vakavSirebdi. aseTi viTareba xSiria, metadre, Tu jer ar xar gawafuli. aseT
SemTxvevebSi umjobesia cdis pirs jer im reaqciebis Sesaxeb SevekiTxoT, romlebic
pirdapir mTavars ar umizneben. Tavidanve uZlieres darRvevebze Tu vkiTxeT, yalb
pasuxebs miviRebT. amitom SedarebiT uwyinari sityvebiT unda daviwyoT xolme da
mSin ufro gulwrfel pasuxebs miviRebT. ase rom, SevekiTxe: `ras ityviT angelozis
Sesaxeb? TqvenTvis es sityva rames niSnavs?~ man mipasuxa: `raRa Tqma unda, _ es
Cemi Svilia, romelic davkarge~, da cremlTa niaRvari waskda. rodesac qariSxali
Cawynarda, vkiTxe: `ras niSnavs TqvenTvis Tavneba?~ man momigo, es sityva arafers
meubnebao. me Cemi ar daviSale, _ am sityvaze Zlieri darRveva aRmocenda, rac imaze
metyvelebs, rom masTan raRac aris dakavSirebuli-meTqi, magram Zala aRar davatane.
Semdeg sityva borotis rigi dadga, _ aqac veraferi davacdenine. Zlieri uaryofiTi
reaqcia hqonda, rac imaze metyvelebda, rom pasuxis gacema ar surda. jeri lurjze
rom midga, ganmicxada, es Cemi gardacvlili bavSvis Tvalebiao. vkiTxe, ra STambeWda
vi Tvalebi hqonda-meTqi? man momigo: `ra Tqma unda. es laJvardisferi Tvalebi, bavSvi
rom daibada...~ SevniSne, rom saxis gamometyveleba Seecvala da ratom aReldiTmeTqi, vkiTxe. man momageba: ìciT, mas Cemi qmris Tvalebi ar hqonda~. bolos da bolos
gamoirkva, rom bavSvs misi adrindeli satrfos Tvalebi gamohyoloda. vkiTxe, im
kacTan dakavSirebiT ra gawuxebT-meTqi da, rogorc iqna, Cemi gavitane da es istoria
amovqaCe:
patara qalaqSi, sadac is izrdeboda, erTi mdidari axalgazrda cxovrobda Turme.
TviTon es gogona SeZlebuli, magram didad arafriT gamorCeuli ojaxidan iyo.
ymawvili kaci ki mdidar zedafenas ganekuTvneboda, patara qalaqis gmiri gaxldaT da
yvela qaliSvili masze ocnebobda. es gogona lamazi iyo da egona, raRac Sansi maqvso.
Semdeg darwmunda, rom sul tyuilad imedovnebda, da ojaxSi urCies: `ras gadayevi
magaze fiqrs?! eg mdidaria da Sen raSi enaRvlebi! ager, esa da es kaci ra simpaTiuria!
viTom ra giSlis, magas rom misTxovde?~ am kacs gahyva kidevac colad da Tavs savsebiT
bednierad grZnobda qorwinebis mexuTe wlamde, rodesac mSobliuri qalaqidan Zvelma
megobarma moinaxula. qmari oTaxidan rom gavida, stumarma uTxra, erT vinmes (igi im
`gmirs~ gulisxmobda) guli didad daumZimeo. `rao? me davumZime?~ _ Seicxada qalma.
megobarma ki ganagrZo: `gana ar icodi, rom Sen uyvardi?! kinaRam gagiJda, Sen rom
viRac sxvas gahyevi!~ axla ki ifeTqa mis gulSi gamZvinvarebulma cecxlis alma, magram
rogorRac CaaxSo. amis mere, ToTxmeti dRis Semdeg is Tavis ori wlis biWs da oTxi
wlis gogonas abanavebda. wyali qalaqSi (es ambavi SveicariaSi ar xdeboda) mTlad
sando ar iyo, saxeldobr, tifis bacilebiT iyo inficirebuli. dedam SeamCnia,
351
sur. 6 asociaciis eqsperimenti
karl gustav iungi
352
rom gogona sabanao Rrubel wovda, magram ar dauSlia, da rodesac biWunamac Tqva,
wyali mindao, masac es saeWvo wyali miawoda. gogonas tifi daemarTa da daiRupa,
biWi ki gadarCa. ase rom, qalma miaRwia imas, rac surda (Tu rac masSi myof eSmaks
surda) _ qorwinebis gauqmebas, raTa sxvaze gaTxovebis ufleba hqonoda. am mizniT
man mkvleloba Caidina. TviTon araferi icoda amis Sesaxeb, _ mxolod da mxolod
faqtebs miyveboda; is daskvna ar gamoutania, rom Tavad ekisreboda sakuTari bavSvis
sikvdilze pasuxismgebloba: man xom icoda, rom wyali inficirebuli iyo da sifrTxile
marTebda. Cems winaSe aseTi sakiTxi dadga: meTqva, rom mkvleli iyo Tu enaze kbi
li dameWira (saqme mxolod misTvis Tqmas exeboda, es xom sasamarTlo procesi ar
yofila). bunebrivia, mosalodneli iyo, rom misi mdgomareoba Zlier gauaresdebo
da, Tuki vetyodi. magram prognozi mainc, isedac kargs arafers uqadda, da meore
mxriv, principSi, safuZvels moklebuli ar iyo is varaudi, rom raki WeSmariti vi
Tarebis danaxva saqmeSi gaarkvevda, SeiZleba kidec gamojanmrTelebuliyo. amrigad,
gadavwyvite pirSi meTqva: `Tqven mokaliT Tqveni Svili~. Tavidan sastikad aRelda,
magram mere faqtebs miubrunda. sami kviris Semdeg gavwereT, da mas mere aRar dab
runebula. mis mdgomareobas kidev 15 wlis ganmavlobaSi vadevnebdi Tvalyurs, _
mdgomareoba aRar gameorebula. is depresia fsiqologiurad Seesityveboda mis
situacias: igi mkvleli iyo, da sxvagvar garemoebebSi sikvdiliT dasjas imsaxurebda;
katorRis nacvlad ki fsiqiatriul saavadmyofoSi mokvda. sulieri avadmyofobis
sasjelisagan me imiT vixseni, rom mis sindiss autaneli simZime avkide: rodesac Sens
codvebs sakuTar kiserze iReb, maTTan erTad cxovreba kidev asatania, _ gaiZleba,
magram Tuki maT Tvals ver usworeb, maSin garduval Sedegebs versad gaeqcevi.
353
karl gustav iungi

1 evola (La Tradizione ermetica, p. 28 f.) ambobs: wina kulturuli ciklebis adamianis sulieri wyoba
imgvari iyo, rom mis yovel fizikur aRqmas Tan fizikuri komponentic axlda, romelic mas
asulierebda. ubralo suraT-xats adamiani damatebiT mniSvnelobasa da gansakuTrebul,
Zlier emociur tons aniWebda. amgvarad, antikuri epoqis fizika erTdroulad Teologiac
iyo da transcendentaluri fsiqologiac, bunebismetyveleba ki idumalTmetyvelebac,
ase rom, simboloTa mniSvnelobebi erTiani codnis sxvadasxva aspeqts moicavda.
2 Rosarium: Art. aurif. II, p. 231: Et ille dicitur lapis invisibilitatis, lapis sanctus, res benedicta [`da igi
iwodeba uxilav qvad, wminda qvad da kurTxeul sagnad~].
3 Maier, Symbola aureae mensae, p. 386: non parvis sumptibus illam / Invenere artem, qua non ars dignior
ulla est, / Fingendi Lapidem Aetherium [`didi Sromis Sedegad Cawvdnen isini eTeruli qvis
Seqmnis xelovnebas, romelic xelovnebaTa Soris yvelaze Rirseulia~] (eyrdnoba marcelus
palingeniusis poeta et sacerdos-s).
4 omnes receptae spernendae sunt in arte, rogorc Rosarium (Art. aurif. II, p. 223) ambobs.
* bnelis ufro bneliT, ucnobis ufro ucnobiT axsna (laT.).
5 Abtala Jurain Filii Jacob Juran, Hyle und Coahyl. eTiopiuridan laTinurad da laTinuridan
germanulad Targmna doqtorma iohan elias miulerma. teqsti, aSkarad, ar aris Zveli.
yvela niSnis mixedviT igi me-18 saukuneSi unda Seqmniliyo. madlobas vuxdi prof.
raixStains (bazeli) am patar wignis mowodebisTvis. Die Schpfung, Kp. VIII, p. 52 ff da Die
Himmel, Kp. IX, p. 54 ff.

* kvarti [laT. quarte (pars) meoTxedi (nawili)]. fxvieri da Txevadi nivTierebis sawyao,
gansxvavebuli sididisa sxvadasxva qveyanaSi. Cveulebriv, litrze cota meti (mTargmn.).
6 rosnobli XV-XVI saukuneebis inglisuri oqros moneta.
* uncia wonis erTeuli Zvel romSi da Semdeg evropis sxva saxelmwifoebSi metruli sistemis
SemoRebamde. daaxloebiT 30 gramia (mTargmn.).
7 De Alchemiae difficultabibus: Theatr. chem. (1602) I, p. 164 ff. aseve Philalethes,Introitus apertus:
Mus. herm.), p. 687: Terra enim germinandi avida aliquid semper fabricat, interdum aves aut bestias
reptiliaque te in vitro conspicere imaginabere[`miwa, ganayofierebisTvis mudam mwyurvali,
yovelTvis raimes badebs; xandaxan geCveneba, rom minis WurWelSi frinvelebs, cxovelebs
da reptiliebs xedav~]. kaTedrasTan mdgomi kaci, udavod, hermesis xilvaa, rogorc amas
senioris traqtatidan vigebT. seniori me-10 saukunis arabi avtoria. brZenis aq aRwerili
figura, romelsac muxlebze saidumloebaTa gadaSlili wigni udevs, polifiles
Tavfurclidan aris nasesxebi (nax. 4). am tipis uZvelesi xilva, savaraudod, kratesis
wignidan unda iyos. Cvenamde kratesis wignis arabulma Targmanma moaRwia, romelic me-9
saukunes unda ekuTvnodes. wignis umetesi nawili berZnuli warmoSobisaa da, amdenad, ufro
Zvelia. berTelos TargmanSi vkiTxulobT: `Semdeg vixile moxuci brZeni, adamianTa Soris
umSvenieresi pirisaxiT, TeTr samosSi gamowyobili, wigniT xelSi da kaTedraze mjdomi.
roca vikiTxe, vin iyo es brZeni, mipasuxes: es aris hermes trismegistosi. wignSi, romelic
xelSi uWiravs, im saidumloebaTa ganmartebebia, romelTac igi adamianebs umalavs (Chimie
au moyen ge III, p. 46 ff.).

8 De alch. diff., l. c., p. 199.
354

9
10
11
12
13
14
Mus. herm., p. 574 [Sendivogius].

Compendium: Bibl. chem. I, p. 875.
Speculativa philosophia: Theatr. chem. (1602) I, p. 275.
Hoghelande, De alch. diff.: Theatr. chem. (1602) I, p. 150.
Theatr. chem. (1622) V, p. 884.
Sesabamisi nawyvetis teqsti: quasi Materia Hypostatica fingit se in aquam demersum per
illusionem iluzias SeiZlebademergere-sTan an fingere-sTan hqondes kavSiri. radgan
pirvelidan azri ar gamomdinareobs, amitom meores virCev.
15 Della Tramutazione metallica sogni tre. Somnia credentur vix; non tamen omnia falsa, Quae tali fuerint
praemeditata viro [`Znelia endo sizmrebs, Tumca yvela sizmari rodi tyuis, gansakuTrebiT
maSin, roca aseT adamians esizmreba~].
16 Art. aurif. I, p. 146 ff.
17 Berthelot, Chimie au moyen ge III, p. 319 f.
18 ix. Cemi Die Visionen des Zosimos.
19 Sendivogius, Parabola: Bibl. chem. II, p. 474 f. kunrati (Hyleal. Chaos, p. 42) wers: kabalisturi
habitaculum Materiae Lapidis Sesaxeb pirvelad RvTaebrivi gamocxadebiT SevityveT (igi
erTdroulad Seqmnilicaa da xelTuqmnelic) ZilSic, RviZilSic da fantaziaSic.
20 De ratione conficiendi lapidis: Theatr. chem. (1602) II, p. 256.
21 l. c., p. 184 f.
22 aseTive mosazrebas vxvdebiT hogelandesTan: De alch. diff.: Theatr. chem. (1602) I, p. 154; asevea
ruskas mier gamocemul Turba-Sic, p. 155, 8; Mus. herm., pp. 8, 55, 75 da 212; dorni, Physica
Trismegisti: Theatr. chem. (1602) I, p. 413.
23 hogelande eyrdnoba Turba-s, XXXIX (gamomc. ruska), gv. 147, 2: maius est, quam quod ratione
percipiatur <nisi> divina inspiratione [`metismetad didia imisTvis, rom gonebiT wvdoma SevZloT,
Tu ara RvTaebrivi STagonebiT~].
24 l. c., p. 205.
25 Sendivogius, Novum lumen: Mus herm., p. 577: materia prima, quam solus Deus scit.
26 khunrath, l. c., p. 71 f. yuradReba miaqcieT logosze nagulisxmev miTiTebas (ioane, 1, 9-11).
27 Instructio de arbore: Theatr. chem. VI, p. 168.
28 Quaeso, oculis mentis hanc grani triticei arbusculam secundum omnes suas circumstantias aspice, ut arborem
Philosophorum, eodem modo plantare queas.

29 Theatr. chem. (1602) I, p. 472: Ex alijs nunquam unum facies quod quaeris, nisi prius ex teipso fiat unum.
30 eyrdnoba, albaT, Tabula Smargdina-s (gamomc. ruska, p. 2): Et sicut omnes res fuerunt ab uno, meditatione
unius: sic omnes res natae [`yvelaferi Cndeba ise, rogorc yovelive warmodgeba erTidan,
erTze meditaciiT~]. amasve ukavSirdeba moTxovna, romlis Tanaxmadac alqimikoss raime
seriozuli fizikuri nakli an xinji ar unda hqonoda. ix. gebersis Summa perfectionis, lib. I, p.
24: Si vero fuerit artificis corpus debile et aegrotum, sicut febrientium, vel leprosorum corpora, quibus membra
cadunt, et in extremis vitae laborantium, et iam aetatis decrepitae senum, ad artis complementum non perveniet.
His igitur naturalibus corporis impotentijs impeditur artifex in intentione sua [`Tu ostati kidurebmompali
keTrovaniviT sneulia an susti janmrTeloba aqvs, an dauZlurebuli moxuciviT itanjeba,
355
karl gustav iungi

an im adamianiviT, visac sikvdili moaxloebia, saqmes ver daasrulebs. sxeulis bunebrivi
uunarobis gamo igi SezRudulia Tavis qmedebebSi~]. meore Zveli teqsti Septem tractatus seu
capitula Hermetis Trismegisti, aurei, Ars chem.-Si, Kp. I, p. 11 imave rCevas gvaZlevs: Ecce vobis exposui,
quod celatum fuerat, quoniam opus vobiscum, et apud vos est, quod intus arripiens et permanens in terra vel
in mari habere potes [`me gangimarteT is, rac dafarulia; da Tu mas daeuflebiT, SegiZliaT
zRvazec da xmeleTzec Tan iqonioT~].
31 Art. Aurif. II, p. 244 f. ruska (Turba, p. 342) Rosarium-s me-15 saukunis Sua periods miakuTvnebs.
32 Pone ergo mentem tuam super salem, nec cogites de alijs. Nam in ipsa sola occultatur scientia et arcanum
praecipuum et secretissimum omnium antiquorum Philosophorum. mangetusis (Bibl. chem. II, p. 95)
versia Seicavs ipsa sola-s; aseve Rosarium-is pirveli da 1593 wlis gamocemebic. samwuxarod,
xelnaweri ver movipove.
33 ix. sal sapientiae, romelsac naTlobis Zveli ritualis mixedviT naTluls aZleven.
34 l. c., pp. 257, 260 da 262.
35 l. c., p. 258.
36 Art. Aurif. II, p. 214 f.: et vide secundum naturam, de qua regenerantur corpora in visceribus terrae. Et hoc
imaginare per veram imaginationem et non phantasticam.
37 l. c., p. 243: Et invenitur in omni loco, et in quolibet tempore, et apud omnem rem, cum inquisitio aggravat
inquirentem.
38 sasuliero piri londonis wminda pavles taZarSi, pap gregorIX-is piradi eqimi (1252)
(Ferguson, Bibliotheca chemica II, p. 270 f.).
39 Theatr. chem. (1602), II, p. 444.
40 `Parmenides...qui me primum retraxit ab erroribus, et in rectam viam direxit~, Liber de alchemiae: theatr. chem
(1602), I, p. 795.
41 Dealch. diff.: Theatr. chem., 1 c., p. 213 f.
42 1 c., p., 206.

* `me vixile srulyofileba~ (laT).
43 Opusculum philosophiae naturalis: Theatr: chem. (1602) I, pp. 813 da 815 f. [`me vixile dasasruli _ GEm
Tvalwin baJaRlo oqrod qceuli~]
44 Correctorium alchymiae: Theatr. chem. (1602), II, p. 451.
45 l. c., p. 459.
46 Theatr. chem. (1602), I.

* spagiriki wamlis damzadebis alqimiuri meTodi (laT. spagiricus alqimikosi; fr.
spagirie qimia) (mTargmn.).
47 Philosophia chemica: Theatr. chem. (1602), I, p. 485: Verum forma quae hominis est intellectus, initium est, medium
et finis in praeparationibus: et ista denotatur a croceo colore, quo quidem indicatur hominem esse maiorem formam
et principalem in orepe spagirico. Forma moqmedebs informatio-s meSveobiT, romelsac fermentatiosac uwodeben. Forma ideis identuria. oqro, vercxli da a. S. materiis formebia, amitom is,
vinc gamoWedavs oqros formas

informis massa-dan an qaosidan, oqros damzadebasac SeZlebs.
48 Theatr. chem. V, p. 114 ff.
356

49 l. c., p. 137.
50 es wigni ganmartavs quid separetur et praeparetur-s.separatio, anu solutio, niSnavs pirveladi
materiis elementebad daSlas.
51 teqstSi vkiTxulobT: liber in exaltatione animae, cum sit separatio naturae, et ingenium in conversione
sua a materia sua. Anima Tavis sxeuls scildeba (separatio). is, rogorc ingenium-i, sxeulis
da sulis damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebaa, romlis materialuri bunebac unda gardaiqmnas.
52 Est sicut praeparatio totius, et conversio naturae ad simplex et necesse est in eo elevari ab animalitate, plus
quam natura, ut assimuletur praeparation(e) ipsis intelligentiis, altissimis veris. mTavari saqme inteleqtis
xvedria; es aris sublimacia umaRles safexuramde, sadac buneba martiv elementebad
gardaiqmneba da Tavisi bunebiT sulebs, angelozebsa da maradiul ideebs enaTesaveba. am
safexurs meore mwkrivis cecxli Seesabameba, qui est super omnia elementa, et agit in eis [`romelic
aRemateba yvela elements da maTSi moqmedebs~], mesame mwkrivSi mas gardaqmnili bunebis
eTeruli (umaRlesi) forma Seesabameba, meoTxeSi ki mTeli proceduris mizani.
53 am mwkrivs win darTuli aqvs Semdegi SeniSvna: Vel si vis potes illas <scl. exaltationes> comparare
elementis [`Tu ginda, es amaRleba elementebs Seudare~].
54 Rationi vere dirigenti ad veritatem [`goneba, romelic marTlac WeSmaritebisken migviZRvis~].
55 effectus gardaqmnis procesis wina safexurze miuTiTebs.
56 . (Diogenes Laertius, Das Leben grosser Philosophen, VII, 1: Zeno-s Sesaxeb,
137).
57 stoikuri moZRvreba.
58 laktanciusTanac (Institutiones, VII, 12) samSvinvels manaTobeli, cecxlovani buneba aqvs.
59 Aristoteles, De coelo, I, 3 da Meteorologica, I, 3.
60 aristotelesTan (Meteor., XII, 7) RmerTi aris [`maradiuli da
ucvleli~].
61 aseTive mosazreba gvxvdeba fexnerTanac (Elemente der Psychophysik II, p. 526): is, rac
fsiqologiurad martivi da erTgvarovania, fizikurad mravalferovans uerTdeba,
fizikurad mravalferovani ki fsiqikur simartivemde, erTgvarovnebamde ikumSeba.
62 Liber quartorum: Theatr. chem. V, pp. 145 da 144.

* laTinuridan Targmna lali koWlamazaSvilma.
63 nacvlad intelligentiae-si.
64 nacvlad intelligentia-si.
65 nacvlad et quid-isa.

* laTinuridan Targmna lali koWlamazaSvilma.
66 l. c., p. 144: Sedentes super flumina Eufrates, sunt Caldaei priores, qui adinvenerumt exstrahere cogitationem
[`mdinare evfratis sanapiroebze mcxovrebi qaldevelebi iyvnen pirvelebi, vinc
azrovnebis arsi Seicno~].
67 l. c., p. 137.
68 Si utaris opere exteriori, non utaris nisi occipitio capitis, et invenies [`Tu Sen operaciis fizikur mxares
iyeneb, maSin Occiput-i unda ixmaro da mizansac maSin miaRwev~] (l. c., p. 124).
69 Os capitis est mundum et est minus os, quod sit in (h)omine <Text: nomine>, et vas mansionis cogitationis et
intellectus [`Tavis qala wmindaa da Tanac adamianis SedarebiT patara Zvalia. is gonebisa da
357
karl gustav iungi

azrovnebis WurWelia~] (l. c., p. 124).
70 Res convertuntur per tempus ad intellectum per certitudinem, quantum partes assimulantur in compositione et in
forma. Cerebrum vero propter vicinitatem, cum anima rationali [`kavSiri et aq SeiZleba gamovtovoT~]
permixtioni oportuit assimulari, et anima rationalis est simplext sicut diximus.
71 Speculativa philosophia: Theatr. chem. (1602) I, p. 265.
72 l. c., p. 298.
73 l. c., p. 264.
74 l. c., p. 266.
75 l. c., p. 267: Transmutemini de lapidibus mortuis in vivos lapides philosophicos.
76 Le Tableau des riches inventions.
77 Ioannes a Mehung (Jean De Menuh, daibada 1250-1280 wlebSi), Demonstatio naturae: Mus. herm. liberi
vacuique animi (p. 157).
78 Thoma Nortonus Anglus, Tractatus chymicus, Kp. VI: Mus. herm. Nam mens ejus cum opere consentiat (p.
519).
79 Aquarium sapientum: Mus. herm., p. 107.
80 Aurora I, Kp. X, mexuTe igavi, pp. 90 da 92: De domo thesauraria: Et Alphidius: Scito, quod hanc scientiam habere
non poteris, nisi mentem tuam Deo purifices, hoc est in corde omnem corruptionem deleas.
81 teqstSi: virtus, de qua dicitur, virtus ornat animam, et Hermes, et recipit virtutem superiorum et inferiorum
Planetarum, et sua virtute penetrat omnem rem solidam [`Zala, romlis Sesaxebac amboben, rom
samSvinvels da hermess amkobs: samSvinveli zeda da qveda planetebis Zalebs ikrebs da
yvela myar sxeuls ganmsWvalavs~] (l. c., p. 190); Sdr. ruska, Tabula smaragdina (p. 2): et recipit
vim superiorum et inferiorum.
82 teqstSi citirebulia efes. 4, 23 f.: renovamini [autem] spiritu mentis vestrae, et induite novum
hominem[`da ganaxldebodeT Tquen suliTa miT gonebisa TquenisaTa da SeimoseT axali
igi kaci~]; iqve damatebulia: hoc est intellectum subtilem.
83 1. c., I, Kp. IX, meoTxe igavi (p. 76): de corpore, de quo canitur: Horridas nostrae mentis purge tenebras.
84 l. c.: Senior: et facit omne nigrum album
85 -is mixedviT: Art. aurif II. p. 228. teqsti Summa perfectionis ufro detaluria. V Tavi mTlianad mas
eTmoba. am Tavis saTauria De impedimentis ex parte animae arificis. ix. Darmstaedter, Die Alchemie des
Geber, p. 20 ff.
86 Rosarium: Art. aurif. II, p. 227: Deum timere, in quo dispositionis tuae visus est, et adiuvatio cuiuslibet sequestrati.
citata amoRebulia Tractatus aureus-is savaraudod pirveli gamocemidan da Semdeg grZeldeba
II Tavidan, sadac me-14 gverdze vkiTxulobT: Fili mi, ante omnia moneo te Deum timere, in quo est
nisus tuae dispositionis et adunatio cuiuslibet sequestrati [`Svilo Cemo, pativi miage ufalsa Sensa da
gulisyuri misken miapyar, radgan igia saukeTeso Tanamgzavri martosulTa gzaze~].
87 Morieni Romani quondam eremitae Hierosolymitani, De re metallica da a. S., ix. Reitzenstein, Alchemistische
Lehrschriften und Mrchen bei der Arabern. morienusi (morienesi an marianusi) gadmocemis Tanaxmad
princ kalid ibn iazid ibn muavias (635-704) maswavlebeli unda yofiliyo. ix. Lippmann,
Entstehung und Ausbreitung der Alchemie, p. 357. igive nawyveti gvxvdeba Morieni Romani eremitae
Hierosolymitani sermo-Si: Art. aurif. II, p. 22 f.
88 Quibus eam a primaeva rerum natura conferre disposuit (p. 22).
358

89
90
91
92
93
94
animos suos etiam ipsi regere non possunt diutius nisi usque ad terminumda a. S. (p. 23).
l. c., p. 18: nisi per animae afflictionem.
Symbola, p. 568.
l. c., p. 144.
l. c., p. 143.
Meditatio dicitur, quoties cum aliquo alio colloquium habetur internum, qui tamen non videtur. Ut cum Deo ipsum
invocando, vel cum seipso, vel proprio angelo bono. es mosazreba ignatius fon loiolas colloquiums Seesabameba. avtorebi xazs usvamen meditaciis gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas. magaliTebis
moyvana zedmetad mimaCnia.
95 ix. Cemi naSromi Die Beziehungen [par. 341 ff.].
96 Intriotus apertusMus. herm-Si.
97 novamque volatilitatem citra ullam manuum impositionem meditabitur.
98 amasTan dakavSirebiT ixileT mahmadianuri legenda omaris meCeTSi (ierusalimSi) qvis
Sesaxeb, romelic muhameds cad amaRlebisas Tan unda gahyoloda.
99 Hyleal. Chaos, p. 274.
100 teqsti citirebulia xelnaweridan Figurarum aegyptiorum secretarum: Ab omni aevo aegyptiorum
sacerdotes [p. 1]. Colophon: laus jesu in saecula. am xelnaweris suraTebi me-18 saukunis #973
xelnaweris identuria. orive xelnaweri amoRebulia nikolas flamelis Pratique-dan. Cems
xelT arsebuli xelnaweris laTinuri teqstis warmomavloba jerjerobiT cnobili ar aris
(ix. sur. 23, 148, 157 da 164).

* egvipteli qurumebi.
101 Art. aurif. I, p. 146 ff. ix. ruskas Targmani Historische Studien und Skizzen zur Natur- und Heilwissenschaft,
p. 22 ff. xilvebis ufro Zveli seriebi aRwera zosimem -Si da kratesma (Berthelot, Chemie
au moyen ge III, p. 44 ff.)
102 astrum in homine, coeleste sive supracoeleste corpus. radgan rulandis teqsti paracelsusis
teqsts Seesabameba, mkiTxvels Cems naSroms Paracelsus als geistige Erscheinung-s davusaxelebdi.
103 [`sagnebze Zalauflebis mosapoveblad saWiroa momzadeba~]; amiT aixsneba extractum-i, anu
quinta essentia.
104 figulusi wers (Rosarium novum, gv. 109): Anima faqizi uxilavi kvamliviTaa.
105 Mus. herm.,p. 601 ff.
106 Illa gubernat mentem (1. c., p. 617)
107 exequitur nisi in mente (1. c., p. 617)
108 AVALON, The serpent Power.
359

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karl gustav iungi

sizmars, halucinacias RvTis madlad miiCnevdnen, radgan am dros pirdapir

karl gustav iungi

alqimiis fsiqikuri buneba

karl gustav iungi

nax. 124. alqimikosebi muSaobis procesSi.

mistifikacias SesaZloa sxva mizezebic gaaCndes. namdvil saidumlos gasaidu

alqimiis fsiqikuri buneba

Tqma mindoda, rom laborants qimiuri eqsperimentis Catarebisas raRac fsiqikuri

nax. 125. (mrgval) qaosze mdgomi merkuri rogorc

davinteresdi, Tavad alqimikosebi rogor aRweren muSaobis procesSi gancdils.

karl gustav iungi

nax. 126. samyaros Seqmnis eqvsi dRe,romelic meSvide dRiT gvirgvindeba..

aiRe didi raodenobiT Cveulebrivi wvimis wyali, ara umcires aTi

alqimiis fsiqikuri buneba

nax. 127. merkuris gardasaxva cecxlSi.

Sen Seicnob uflis saidumlos, damaluls Sengan, viTarca bavSvisgan,

karl gustav iungi

nax. 128. hermes trismegistosi.

alqimiis fsiqikuri buneba

zemoT citirebuli teqstebi mowmobs, rom muSaobis process halucinaciebi da

karl gustav iungi

nax.129. gavarvarebuli prima materia-dan personificirebuli spiritus-i aqroldeba.

Tractatus Aristotelis-Si13 alqimiis fsiqologiis ukeT gasagebad Zalze sayuradRebo

alqimiis fsiqikuri buneba

nax.130. merkuris gveli wyalSi, Sesabamisad, cecxlSi

karl gustav iungi

nax.131. merkuris isriT gangmiruli adami _ prima materia,

alqimiis fsiqikuri buneba

karl gustav iungi

nax.132. alqimiuri saqmis saidumlo (anu aracnobieri) Sinaarsis

bernadus trevisanusi mogviTxrobs, Tu ra amaod iRvwoda wlebis manZilze manam,

alqimiis fsiqikuri buneba

unda gadayaros, romc ver gaigos, aramed aTjer, ocjer, ormocdaaTjer

gasacnobad Tavi mTlianad Zvel filosofosTa wignebis SeswavlisTvis mieZRvna. mZime

platonuri tetralogiis traqtatSi, romlis laTinuri saxelwodeba ase JRers:

nax. 133. alqimikosebi muSaobis procesSi. procesis sxvadasxva safexuri.

alqimiis fsiqikuri buneba

2. Exaltatio divisionis na-

4. Res quam concludunt

(saqme, romelic misgan

oTxi mwkrivi opus-is oTx aspeqts gamoxatavs. pirveli horizontaluri mwkrivi

meore horizontaluri mwkrivi procesis ufro maRal safexurze miuTiTebs: pir

meoTxe horizontalur mwkrivSi naCvenebia oTxive vertikaluri mwkrivis das

karl gustav iungi

mesame vertikaluri mwkrivi: es mwkrivi cnebiTi, ideuri bunebisaa da amitom

alqimiis fsiqikuri buneba

nax. 134. saturni, anu merkuri auzSi ganibaneba manam,

karl gustav iungi

am marTlacda Zvel teqstSi, romelic me-10 saukuneze adrindeli unda iyos, Tu

rac ukve aRgiwereT da verc miznisken mimaval gzas daadgeba67.

alqimiis fsiqikuri buneba

bunebis sagnebSi raRac WeSmaritebaa, fizikuri TvalisTvis uxilavi

karl gustav iungi

alqimiis fsiqikuri buneba

iyos sazriani da metalebisa Tu mineralebis Sesabamis codnas flobdes, moqnili da ara

karl gustav iungi

animae. termini, riTac is adeptTa pozicias axasiaTebs amor perfectissimus (srul

nax.136. RmerTi Suqs hfens ostats.

alqimiis fsiqikuri buneba

rulandiseuli ganmarteba Semdegnairad unda gavigoT: roca alqimikosi

nax.137. alqimikosi meditaciis, anu nigredo-s mdgomareobaSi.

karl gustav iungi

aseve, zemoT naxsenebi meditatio caelestium bonorum-ic (meditacia zeciuri wyalobis