Introduction To Chakra

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Chakra - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Chakra
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses, see Chakra (disambiguation)[1].
This article's introduction section[2] may not adequately summarize[3] its
contents. To comply with Wikipedia's lead section guidelines, please consider
modifying the lead to provide an accessible overview of the article's key points
in such a way that it can stand on its own as a concise version of the article.
(discuss[4]). (July 2014)
In Santana[5]/Hindu[6] and tantric[7]/yogic[8] traditions and other belief systems
chakras are energy points or knots in the subtle body[9]. Chakras are part of the subtle
body, not the physical body, and as such are the meeting points of the subtle (nonphysical) energy channels, called nadiis. Nadiis are channels in the subtle body through
which the life force (prana[10]), or vital energy[11] moves. Various scriptural texts and
teachings present a different number of chakras. There are many chakras in the subtle
human body according to the tantric texts, but there are seven chakras that are
considered to be the most important ones.
Their name derives from the Sanskrit[12] word for "wheel[13]" or "turning[14]", but in the
yogic context a better translation of the word is 'vortex or whirlpool'.1note 1
The concept of chakra features in tantric[15] and yogic[16] traditions of Hinduism[17] and
Buddhism[18].
Etymology
Written in Sanskrit[19] as
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chakra
(IAST[20]: Cakra), the word derives from the Proto-Indo1/35
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European[21] *keklos, and its cognates include Greek[22] kuklos, Lithuanian[23] kaklas,
Tocharian B[24] kokale and English "wheel," as well as "circle" and "cycle".2
Bhattacharyya[25]'s review of Tantric[26] history says that the word chakra is used to
mean several different things in the Sanskrit sources:3
1. "Circle," used in a variety of senses, symbolising endless rotation[27] of shakti[28].
2. A circle of people. In rituals there are different cakra-sdhan in which adherents
assemble and perform rites[29]. According to the Niruttaratantra[30], chakras in the
sense of assemblies are of 5 types.
3. The term chakra also is used to denote yantras[31] or mystic[32] diagrams[33],
variously known as trikoa-cakra, aakoa-cakra, etc.
4. Different "nerve plexus[34] within the body."
In Buddhist[35] literature the Sanskrit term cakra (Pali[36] cakka) is used in a different
sense of "circle," referring to a Buddhist conception of the Cycle of Rebirth[37]
consisting of six states in which beings may be reborn.4
The linguist Jorma Koivulehto[38] wrote (2001) of the annual Finnish Kekri[39]
celebration having borrowed the word from early Indo-Aryan[40].5
History
While breath channels (nis[41]) of yogic practices had already been discussed in the
classical Upanishads[42], it was not until the eighth-century Buddhist Hevajra Tantra[43]
and Carygiti, that hierarchies of chakras were introduced.67
Characteristics
The Texts and teachings present different numbers of chakras. Also different physical
structures are considered chakras. David Gordon White thus emphasizes:
"In fact, there is no "standard" system of the chakras. Every school, sometimes every
teacher within each school, has had their own chakra system."8
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The following features are common:

They form part of the body, along with the breath channels, or nadis[44], and the
winds (vayus[45]).
They are located along the central channel (sushumna/avadht).
Two side channels cross the center channel at the location of the chakras.
They possess a number of 'petals' or 'spokes'.
They are generally associated with a mantra[46] seed-syllable, and often with a
variety of colours and deities.
Use in religious traditions

Hindu Tantra
Main article: Kundalini energy[47]
[48]
Thousand Petalled Crown Chakra, Two Petalled Brow

Chakra, Sixteen Petalled Throat Chakra (Nepal, 17th
Century)
David Gordon White traces the modern popularity of
the "Hindu" seven chakra system to Arthur Avalon's[49]
The Serpent Power, which was Avalon's translation of a
late work, the Satcakranirupana.9 In actuality, there
are several models and systems present in Hindu
tantric literature, as White documents.10 Kundalini[50]
is a feature of Hindu chakra systems.
Buddhist Tantra
Vajrayana
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Main article: Vajrayana[51]

Chakras play an important role in the main surviving branch of Indian Vajrayana,
Tibetan Buddhism[52]. They play a pivotal role in completion stage[53] practices, where
an attempt is made to bring the subtle winds of the body into the central channel, to
realise the clear light of bliss and emptiness, and to attain Buddhahood[54].11
The Vajrayana system states that the central channel (avadht) begins at the point of
the third eye like of lord Shiva, curves up to the crown of the head, and then goes
straight down to the lower body. There are two side channels, the rasan and lalan,
which start at their respective nostrils and then travel down to the lower body. The
apna vyu governs the lower terminations of the three channels. The lower end of the
central channel ends in the rectum. The lower end of the lalan ends in the urinary
tract. The lower end of the rasan channel emits semen.[citation needed[55]]
The side channels run parallel to the center channel, except at locations such as the
navel, heart, throat and crown (i.e. chakras) where the two side channels twist around
the central channel. At the navel, throat and crown, there is a twofold knot caused by
each side channel twisting once around the central channel. At the heart wheel there is
a sixfold knot, where each side channel twists around three times. An important part of
completion stage practice involves loosening and undoing these knots.[citation
needed[56]]
Within the chakras exist the 'subtle drops'. The white drop exists in the crown, the red
drop exists in the navel, and at the heart exists the indestructible red and white drop,
which leaves the body at the time of death. In addition, each chakra has a number of
'spokes' or 'petals', which branch off into thousands of subtle channels running to every
part of the body, and each contains a Sanskrit syllable.[citation needed[57]]
By focusing on a specific chakra (while often holding the breath) the subtle winds enter
the central channel. The chakra at which they enter is important in order to realise
specific practices. For example, focusing on the subnavel area is important for the
practice of tummo[58], or inner fire. Meditating on the heart chakra is important for
realising clear light. Meditating on the throat chakra is important for lucid dreaming
and the practices of dream yoga. And meditating on the crown chakra is important for
consciousness projection, either to another world, or into another body.[citation
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needed[59]]
A result of energetic imbalance among the chakras is an almost continuous feeling of
dissatisfaction. When the heart chakra is agitated, people lose touch with feelings and
sensations, and that breeds the sense of dissatisfaction. That leads to looking outside
for fulfilment. When people live in their heads, feelings are secondary; they are
interpretations of mental images that are fed back to the individual. When awareness is
focused on memories of past experiences and mental verbalisations, the energy flow to
the head chakra increases and the energy flow to the heart chakra lessens. Without
nurturing feelings of the heart a subtle form of anxiety arises which results in the self
reaching out for experience. When the throat chakra settles and energy is distributed
evenly between the head and the heart chakras, one is able to truly contact one's senses
and touch real feelings.12
Chakras, according to the Himalayan[60] Bnpo[61] tradition, influence the quality of

experience, because movement of vayu[62] cannot be separated from experience. Each of
the six major chakras is linked to experiential qualities of one of the six realms[63] of
existence.11
A modern teacher, Tenzin Wangyal Rinpoche[64], uses a computer analogy: main
chakras are like hard drives. Each hard drive has many files. One of the files is always
open in each of the chakras, no matter how "closed" that particular chakra may be. What
is displayed by the file shapes experience.
The tsa lung[65] practices such as those embodied in Trul Khor[66] lineages open
channels so lung (Lung is a Tibetan term cognate[67] with vayu[68]) may move without
obstruction. Yoga[69] opens chakras and evokes positive qualities associated with a
particular chakra. In the hard drive analogy, the screen is cleared and a file is called up
that contains positive, supportive qualities. A seed syllable[70] (Sanskrit[71] bija[72]) is
used both as a password that evokes the positive quality and the armour that sustains
the quality.11
Tantric practice is said to eventually transform all experience into bliss. The practice
aims to liberate from negative conditioning and leads to control over perception and
cognition.11
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Tenzin Wangyal Rinpoche[73] teaches a version of the Six Lokas[74] sadhana[75] which
works with the chakra system.
Qigong
Qigong[76] also relies on a similar model of the human body as an energy[77] system,
except that it involves the circulation of qi[78] (ki, chi) energy.1314 The Qi energy,
equivalent to the Hindu Prana, flows through the energy channels called meridians[79],
equivalent to the nadis, but two other energies are also important: Jing, or primordial
essence, and Shen, or spirit energy.
In the principle circuit of qi, called the Microcosmic orbit[80], energy rises up a main
meridian along the spine, but also comes back down the front torso. Throughout its
cycle it enters various dantians[81] (elixir fields) which act as furnaces, where the types
of energy in the body (jing, qi and shen) are progressively refined.15 These dantians
play a very similar role to that of chakras. The number of dantians varies depending on
the system; the navel dantian is the most well-known (it is called the Hara in Japan), but
there is usually a Dantian located at the heart and between the eyebrows.16 The lower
dantian at or below the navel transforms essence, or jing, into qi energy. The middle
dantian in the middle of the chest transforms qi energy into shen, or spirit, and the
higher dantian at the level of the forehead (or at the top of the head), transforms Shen
into wuji, infinite space of void.17
Hesychasm
A completely separate contemplative movement within the Eastern Orthodox church is
Hesychasm[82], a form of Christian meditation. Comparisons have been made between
the Hesychastic centres of prayer and the position of the chakras.18 Particular emphasis
is placed upon the heart area. However, there is no talk about these centres as having
any sort of metaphysical existence. Far more than in any of the cases discussed above,
the centres are simply places to focus the concentration during prayer.
Western interpretations of Hindu Chakras

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[83]
Recent Western traditions associate colours and physiomotional functions for each of
the 7 main Chakras.
[84]
Western Adaptation of Hindu Yogic Chakras

Main article: Esotericism[85]
In Western culture, a concept similar to that of prana[86] can
be traced back as far as the 18th century's Franz Anton
Mesmer[87], who used "animal magnetism[88]" to treat
disease.
However it was only in 1927 that the shakta[89] theory of
seven main chakras, that has become most popular in the
West, was introduced, largely through the translation of two
Indian texts: the Sat-Cakra-Nirupana, and the Padaka-Pancaka, by Sir John
Woodroffe[90], alias Arthur Avalon, in a book titled The Serpent Power.19
This book is extremely detailed and complex, and later the ideas were developed into
the predominant Western view of the chakras by C. W. Leadbeater[91] in his book The
Chakras. Many of the views which directed Leadbeater's understanding of the chakras
were influenced by previous theosophist authors, in particular Johann Georg Gichtel[92],
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a disciple of Jakob Bhme[93], and his book Theosophia Practica (1696), in which Gitchtel
directly refers to inner force centres, a concept reminiscent of the chakras.20
New Age
Main article: New Age[94]
According to medical intuitive and author, Caroline Myss[95], who described chakras in
her work Anatomy of the Spirit[96] (1996), "Every thought and experience you've ever had
in your life gets filtered through these chakra databases. Each event is recorded into
your cells...", in effect your biography becomes your biology.21
The chakras are described[by whom?] as being aligned in an ascending column from the
base of the spine[97] to the top of the head. New Age[98] practices often associate each
chakra with a certain colour. In various traditions chakras are associated with multiple
physiological functions, an aspect of consciousness[99], a classical element[100], and
other distinguishing characteristics. They are visualised as lotuses/flowers with a
different number of petals in every chakra.
The chakras are thought to vitalise the physical body and to be associated with
interactions of a physical, emotional and mental nature. They are considered loci[101] of
life energy[102] or prana[103], also called shakti[104], qi[105] (Chinese; ki in Japanese),
koach-ha-guf[106]22 (Hebrew), bios (Greek) & aether[107] (Greek, English), which is
thought to flow among them along pathways called nadis[108]. The function of the
chakras is to spin and draw in this energy to keep the spiritual, mental, emotional and
physical health of the body in balance. They are said by some to reflect how the unified
consciousness of humanity (the immortal human being or the soul[109]), is divided to
manage different aspects of earthly life (body/instinct/vital energy/deeper
emotions/communication/having an overview of life/contact to God). The chakras are
placed at differing levels of spiritual subtlety, with Sahasrara[110] at the top being
concerned with pure consciousness, and Muladhara[111] at the bottom being concerned
with matter, which is seen simply as condensed, or gross consciousness.
In his book on Japa Yoga, Himalaya Press 1978, Swami Sivananda[112] states that a yogi
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that practices Japa with only the Om and is successful at Mahasamyama {oneness with
the object...in this case a Word being meditated on} becomes a direct disciple of that,
the OM, the most Holy of all words/syllables { the same as the word of creation as
recognised by the Torah, although this is not professed or quite possibly not even
recognised by those of secular authority in either Judaism or Christianity} thus the yogi
achieving this feat needs no Guru or Sat-guru* to achieve any Spiritual goal {*Archetype
/ Ascended Master i.e. A Krishna, a Rama, a Jesus, a Nanak a Buddha..et al.} and Swami
Sivananda mentions that this yogi has a path that is, in all recognisable ways and
manners, reverse of that of other Yogis or Spiritual aspirants and their paths and those
include all Christian ascetics, in that this spiritual aspirant then works through the
chakras, mastering them from the crown down. Satprem explains in page 67 of his book
"Sri Aurobindo or the Adventure of Consciousness"(ISBN 81-85137-60-9[113]), in Sri
Aurobindo[114] and the Mother's Integral Yoga[115] the practitioner experiences a
"descent" where the Grace and Light works through and enlightens the chakras from top
crown chakra downwords.
Whereas every other well known path and all major religions[citation needed[116]] start
by trying to master the chakras starting with the 'Svadhisthana Chakra' {Sex}, these
Yogis aren't expected to renounce sex or certain foods, and by virtue of this they do not
need to remove themselves from the world of temptations and become monks or
recluses. They can stay in the world of men and live what appears to be a normal life
that observes whatever local custom{s} there may be. Trevor Ravenscroft also mentions
this spiritual goal and achievement in his book, "The Cup of Destiny", and says that
these practices and achievements were known and the most highly regarded and desired
by the Templar Knights of old.
New Age[117] writers, such as Anodea Judith[118] in her book Wheels of Life, have written
about the chakras in great detail, including the reasons for their appearance and
functions.
Another interpretation of the seven chakras is presented by writer and artist Zachary
Selig[119]. In the book Kundalini Awakening, a Gentle Guide to Chakra Activation and
Spiritual Growth, he presents a unique codex titled "Relaxatia", a solar Kundalini[120]
paradigm[121] that is a codex of the human chakra system and the solar light spectrum,
designed to activate Kundalini through his colour-coded chakra paintings.23
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Some chakra system models describe one or more Transpersonal chakras[122] above the
crown chakra, and an Earth star chakra[123] below the feet. There are also held to be
many minor chakras, for example between the major chakras.
Rudolf Steiner[124] considered the chakra system to be dynamic and evolving. He
suggested that this system has become different for modern people than it was in
ancient times, and will in turn be radically different in future times.24 Steiner describes
a sequence of development that begins with the upper chakras and moves down, rather
than moving in the opposite direction. He gave suggestions on how to develop the
chakras through disciplining the thoughts, feelings, and will.25
[125]
7 Chakras
According to Florin Lowndes,26 a 'spiritual student' can further develop and deepen or
elevate thinking consciousness when taking the step from the 'ancient path' of
schooling to the 'new path' represented by Steiner's The Philosophy of Freedom[126].note
2
Endocrine system
The primary importance and level of existence of chakras is posited to be in the psyche.
However, there are those who believe that chakras have a physical manifestation as
well.27 The author Gary Osborn, for instance, has described the chakras as
metaphysical[127] counterparts to the endocrine glands[128],28 while Anodea Judith[129]
noted a marked similarity between the positions of the two and the roles described for
each.29 Stephen Sturgess also links the lower six chakras to specific nerve plexuses
along the spinal cord as well as glands.30 C.W. Leadbeater associated the Ajna chakra
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with the pineal gland[130],31 which is a part of the endocrine system. Edgar Cayce said
that the seven churches of the Book of Revelation[131] are endocrine glands[132].32
However, these associations have never been scientifically verified.
Spectrum of light
A development in Western practices dating back to the 1940s is to associate each one of
the seven chakras to a given colour and a corresponding crystal. For example, the chakra
in the forehead is associated with the colour purple, so to try and cure a headache a
person might apply a purple stone to the forehead. This idea has proven highly popular
and has been integrated by all but a few practitioners.
Mercier[133] introduces the relation of colour energy to the science of the light
spectrum[134]:
As humans, we exist within the 49th Octave of Vibration of the electromagnetic light
spectrum. Below this range are barely visible radiant heat, then invisible infrared,
television and radiowaves, sound and brain waves; above it is barely visible
ultraviolet, then the invisible frequencies of chemicals and perfumes, followed by xrays, gamma rays, radium rays and unknown cosmic rays.33
Understanding existence and physical form as an interpretation of light energy
through the physical eyes will open up greater potential to explore the energetic
boundaries of color, form and light that are perceived as immediate reality. Indian
Yogic teachings assign to the seven major chakras specific qualities, such as color of
influence (from the 7 rays of spectrum light), elements (such as earth, air, water &
ether), body sense (such as touch, taste, and smell), and relation to an endocrine
gland.34
Description of each chakra

There are seven major chakras, which are arranged vertically along the axial channel
(sushumna nadi[135]). David Gordon White traces the modern popularity of the seven
chakra system to Arthur Avalon's[136] The Serpent Power, which was Avalon's translation
of a late work, the Sat-Cakra-Nirupana.9 Below is a description of the seven chakras,
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with various associations. Each of these chakras also have its elemental deity (Vasu[137])
- demigod of its material element.
From the top down they are:
Sahasrara
Sahasrara[139] (Sanskrit[140]: , IAST[141]: Sahasrra,
English: "thousand-petaled") or crown chakra is generally
considered to be the state of pure consciousness, within which
there is neither object nor subject. When the Kundalini
energy[142] rises to this point, it unites with the male
[138]
Shiva[143] energy, and a state of liberating samadhi[144] is

attained. Symbolized by a lotus with one thousand multicoloured petals, it is located either at the crown of the head,
or above the crown of the head. Sahasrara is represented by
the colour white and it involves such issues as inner wisdom
and the death of the body.
Its role may be envisioned somewhat similarly to that of the
pituitary gland[145], which secretes hormones to
communicate to the rest of the endocrine system and also
connects to the central nervous system[146] via the
hypothalamus[147]. According to Gary Osborn, the
thalamus[148] is thought to have a key role in the physical
basis of consciousness[149] and is the 'Bridal Chamber'
mentioned in the Gnostic scriptures[150]. Sahasrara's inner
aspect deals with the release of karma[151], physical action
with meditation, mental action with universal consciousness
and unity, and emotional action with "beingness."35
In Tibetan buddhism, the point at the crown of the head is
represented by a white circle, with 33 downward pointing
petals. It is of primary importance in the performance of
phowa[152], or consciousness projection after death, in order
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to obtain rebirth in a Pure Land[153]. Within this state is

contained the White drop, or Bodhicitta[154], which is the
essence of masculine energy.
Corresponding deity for material element of this state is
Dhruva[155].
Ajna[157] (Sanskrit[158]: , IAST[159]: , English:

"command") or third-eye chakra is symbolised by a lotus
with two petals, and corresponds to the colours violet, indigo
or deep blue, though it is traditionally described as white. It is
at this point that the two side nadis Ida (yoga)[160] and
[156]
Pingala are said to terminate and merge with the central

channel Sushumna, signifying the end of duality, the
characteristic of being dual (e.g. light and dark, or male and
female). The seed syllable[161] for this chakra is the syllable
OM, and the presiding deity is Ardhanarishvara[162], who is a
half male, half female Shiva/Shakti. The Shakti goddess of
Ajna is called Hakini.
Ajna (along with Bindu[163]), is known as the third eye[164]
chakra and is linked to the pineal gland[165] which may inform
a model of its envisioning. The pineal gland is a light sensitive
gland that produces the hormone melatonin[166] which
regulates sleep and waking up, and is also postulated to be the
production site of the psychedelic dimethyltryptamine[167],
the only known hallucinogen endogenous to the human body.
Ajna's key issues involve balancing the higher and lower
selves and trusting inner guidance. Ajna's inner aspect relates
to the access of intuition. Mentally, Ajna deals with visual
consciousness. Emotionally, Ajna deals with clarity on an
intuitive level.36
Some[] believe that the pineal and pituitary glands should be
exchanged in their relationship to the crown and third-eye
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chakras, based on the description in Arthur Avalon's book on

Kundalini[168] called Serpent Power or empirical research.
In Tibetan Buddhism, this point is actually the end of the
central channel, since the central channel rises up from the
sexual organ to the crown of the head, and then curves over
the head and down to the third eye. While the central channel
finishes here, the two side channels continue down to the two
nostrils.
Corresponding deity for material element of this chakra is
Soma[169].
Vishuddha
Vishuddha[171] (Sanskrit[172]: , IAST[173]: Viuddha,
English: "especially pure"), or Vishuddhi, or throat chakra is
depicted as a silver crescent within a white circle, with 16
light or pale blue, or turquoise petals. The seed mantra is
Ham, and the residing deity is Panchavaktra shiva, with 5
[170]
heads and 4 arms, and the Shakti is Shakini.

Vishuddha may be understood as relating to communication
and growth through expression. This chakra is paralleled to
the thyroid[174], a gland that is also in the throat and which
produces thyroid hormone[175], responsible for growth and
maturation. Physically, Vishuddha governs communication,
emotionally it governs independence, mentally it governs
fluent thought, and spiritually, it governs a sense of
security.37
In Tibetan buddhism, this chakra is red, with 16 upward
pointing petals. It plays an important role in Dream Yoga, the
art of lucid dreaming[176].
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Dyaus[177].
Anahata
Anahata[179] (Sanskrit[180]: , IAST[181]: Anhata,
English: "unstruck") or heart chakra is symbolised by a
circular flower with twelve green petals called the
heartmind[182]. Within it is a yantra of two intersecting
triangles, forming a hexagram[183], symbolizing a union of the
[178]
male and female. The seed mantra is Yam, the presiding deity
is Ishana Rudra Shiva, and the Shakti is Kakini.
Anahata is related to the thymus[184], located in the chest.
The thymus is an element of the immune system[185] as well
as being part of the endocrine system. It is the site of
maturation of the T cells[186] responsible for fending off
disease and may be adversely affected by stress[187]. Anahata
is related to the colours green or pink. Key issues involving
Anahata involve complex emotions, compassion, tenderness,
unconditional love, equilibrium, rejection and well-being.
Physically Anahata governs circulation, emotionally it
governs unconditional love for the self and others, mentally it
governs passion, and spiritually it governs devotion.38
In Tibetan Buddhism, this centre is extremely important, as
being the home of the indestructible red/white drop, which
carries our consciousness to our next lives. It is described as
being white, circular, with eight downward pointing petals,
and the seed syllable Hum inside. During mantra recitation in
the lower tantras, a flame is imagined inside of the heart,
from which the mantra rings out. Within the higher tantras,
this chakra is very important for realising the Clear Light.
Vyu[188].
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Manipura
, IAST[192]: Maipra,
Manipura[190] (Sanskrit[191]:
English: "jewel city") or solar plexus/navel chakra is
symbolised by a downward pointing triangle with ten petals,
along with the color yellow. The seed syllable is Ram, and the
presiding deity is Braddha Rudra, with Lakini as the Shakti.
[189]
Manipura is related to the metabolic and digestive systems.

Manipura is believed to correspond to Islets of
Langerhans[193],39 which are groups of cells in the pancreas,
as well as the outer adrenal glands[194] and the adrenal cortex.
These play a valuable role in digestion[195], the conversion of
food matter into energy for the body. The colour that
corresponds to Manipura is yellow. Key issues governed by
Manipura are issues of personal power, fear, anxiety, opinionformation, introversion, and transition from simple or base
emotions to complex. Physically, Manipura governs digestion,
mentally it governs personal power, emotionally it governs
expansiveness, and spiritually, all matters of growth.40
Agni[196].
Svadhishthana
Svadhishthana[198] (Sanskrit[199]: , IAST[200]:
Svdhihna, English: "one's own base") or sacral chakra is
symbolized by a white lotus within which is a crescent moon,
with six vermilion, or orange petals. The seed mantra is Vam,
and the presiding deity is Brahma, with the Shakti being
Rakini (or Chakini). The animal associated is the crocodile of
[197]
Varuna[201].
This chakra is located in the sacrum[202] and is considered to
correspond to the testes or the ovaries that produce the
various sex hormones[203] involved in the reproductive
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cycle[204]. Svadhishthana is also considered to be related to,

more generally, the genitourinary system and the adrenals.
The key issues involving Svadhishthana are relationships,
violence, addictions, basic emotional needs, and pleasure.
Physically, Svadhishthana governs reproduction, mentally it
governs creativity, emotionally it governs joy, and spiritually
it governs enthusiasm.41
Indra[205] (head of Vasus) or Varuna[206].The seed syllable is
VAM.
Muladhara
, IAST[209]: Mldhra, English: "root
Muladhara[207] (Sanskrit[208]:
support") or root chakra is symbolized by a lotus with four petals and the color red.
This center is located at the base of the spine[210] in the coccygeal[211] region. It is
said to relate to the gonads[212] and the adrenal medulla[213], responsible for the
fight-or-flight response[214] when survival is under threat.42
Muladhara is related to instinct, security, survival and also to basic human
potentiality. Physically, Muladhara governs sexuality, mentally it governs stability,
emotionally it governs sensuality, and spiritually it governs a sense of security.43
Muladhara has a relation to the sense of smell.44
This chakra is where the three main nadis separate and begin their upward
movement. Dormant Kundalini[215] rests here, wrapped three and a half times around
the black Svayambhu linga, the lowest of three obstructions to her full rising (also
known as knots or granthis).45 It is the seat of the red bindu, the female drop (which
in Tibetan vajrayana is located at the navel chakra).[clarification needed[216]]
The seed syllable is Lam (pronounced lum), the deity is Ganesh[217],[citation
needed[218]] and the Shakti is Dakini.46 The associated animal is the elephant.47
The corresponding deity for material element of this chakra is Prithvi[219].
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Other chakras
There are said to be 21 minor chakras which are reflected points of the major chakras.48
These 21 are further grouped into ten bilateral minor chakras that correspond to the
foot, hand, knee, elbow, groin, clavicle, navel, shoulder and ear. The spleen may also be
listed by some authorities as a location for a minor chakra.
Secret chakras
There are said to be three chakras that are beyond the physical and the spiritual. They
are called Golata, Lalata, and Lalana and "located on the uvula[220] at the back of the
throat, above the Ajna chakra, and within the soft upper palate".49 According to Robert
Svoboda they defy description in the sense of the above seven and can only be
experienced once Kundalini has fully awakened.
Minor chakras below Muladhara

There are said to be a series of seven chakras below Muladhara going down the leg,50
corresponding the base animal instincts, and to the Hindu underworld patala[221]. From
the top down they are:
Atala Located in the hips, it governs fear and lust.
Vitala Located in the thighs, it governs anger and resentment.
Sutala Located in the knees, it governs jealousy.
Talatala Translated as "under the bottom level", it is located in the calves and
represents a state of prolonged confusion and instinctive willfulness.
Rasatala Located in the ankles, it is the centre of selfishness and pure animal nature.
Mahatala Located in the feet, this is the dark realm 'without conscience', and inner
blindness.
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Patala Located in the soles of the feet, this is the realm of malice, murder, torture
and hatred, and in Hindu mythology it borders on the realm of Naraka[222], or hell.
Popular culture
Chakra is featured in the Japanese manga[223] and anime[224] Naruto[225] and Naruto
Shippuden[226] as the very lifeblood essence of all life and magic,
In the Ben 10[227] franchise, "manna" is a fictitious version of chakra.
It is also a key concept in an episode of Avatar: The Last Airbender[228].
In the video game Digital Devil Saga: Avatar Tuner[229], the main game locations are
named after the main chakras, and are visited in order with Muladhara being the
player character's home base. However, Vishudda is never visited (it is mentioned at
one point, however).
American hip-hop duo Ces Cru[230] released their fourth studio album "Constant
Energy Struggles[231]" in 2013, which included the track "Seven Chakras". There is
also a reference to chakras in "Meditate".
See also
Notes
1. 'Jump up to: ^ cakra
[tkr
][232], pronounced [tkr][233] in Hindi; Pali[234]:
cakka , Oriya[235]: , Malayalam[236]: , Thai[237]: ,
Telugu[238]: ,
Tamil[239]:
, Kannada[240]: , Chinese: /, pinyin[241]: ln, Standard
Tibetan[242]:
, Wylie[243]: khor lo
2. Jump up ^ English translations include:
1916: The Philosophy of Freedom[244]. trans. Hoernl and Hoernl, ed. Harry
Collison. This is the only English translation of the first German edition.
1922: Philosophy of Spiritual Activity. Based on 2nd German edition, trans.
Hoernl and Hoernl.
1939: Philosophy of Spiritual Activity[245], trans. Hermann Poppelbaum, based on
Hoernl and Hoernl translation
1963: Philosophy of Spiritual Activity[246], trans. Rita Stebbing
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1964: The Philosophy of Freedom: The Basis for a Modern World Conception[247],
trans. Michael Wilson
1986: The Philosophy of Spiritual Activity: Basic Features of a Modern World
View[248], trans. William Lindeman
1995: Intuitive Thinking as a Spiritual Path: A Philosophy of Freedom, trans.
Michael Lipson, based on Wilson translation
2011: 'Rudolf Steiner's Philosophie der Freiheit as the Foundation of the Logic of
Beholding. Religion of the Thinking Will. Organon of the New Cultural Epoch',
trans. Graham B. Rickett, with commentary by G.A.Bondarev' [ISBN 978-1-10505765-6[249]]
There is a comparison tool[250] to compare most of the above translations.
References
1. Jump up ^ http://www.lightweaver.com/vortex/pdfs/Kundalini.Tantra.by.Satyananda.Saraswati.pdf[251] ..(page
16)
2. Jump up ^ Mallory, J.P. (1997). Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture. p 640
London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. ISBN 978-1-884964-98-5[252].
3. Jump up ^ Bhattacharyya, N. N. (1999). History of the Tantric Religion (Second
Revised ed.). New Delhi: Manohar. pp. 38586. ISBN[253] 81-7304-025-7[254].
4. Jump up ^ Edgerton, Franklin. Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Grammar and Dictionary.
Volume II. p. 221. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers: Delhi, 1953. Reprint edition,
Delhi, 2004, ISBN 81-208-0999-8[255]. E.g., catvri devamanuy cakri.
5. Jump up ^ Koivulehto, Jorma 2001. The earliest contacts between IndoEuropean[256] and Uralic[257] speakers in the light of lexical loans. Pp. 235263, no.
42 in: Carpelan et al. 2001.
6. Jump up ^ White, David Gordon. Yoga in Practice. Princeton University Press 2012,
page 14.
7. Jump up ^ White, David Gordon (2003). Kiss of the Yogini. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press. p. 224. ISBN[258] 0-226-89483-5[259].
8. Jump up ^ White, David Gordon (2003). Kiss of the Yogini. Chicago: Univdersity of
Chicago Press. p. 222. ISBN[260] 0-226-89483-5[261].
9. ^ Jump up to: a b White, David Gordon (2003). Kiss of the Yogini. Chicago: University
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of Chicago Press. p. 221. ISBN[262] 0-226-89483-5[263].

10. Jump up ^ White, David Gordon (2003). Kiss of the Yogini. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press. pp. 221229. ISBN[264] 0-226-89483-5[265].
11. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Geshe Gelsang Kyatos[266], Clear Light of Bliss.
12. Jump up ^ Tarthang Tulku. Tibetan Relaxation. The illustrated guide to Kum Nye
massage and movement A yoga from the Tibetan tradition. Dunkan Baird
Publishers, London, 2007, ISBN 978-1-84483-404-4[267], pp. 31, 33
13. Jump up ^ Lu K'uan Y[268], Taoist Yoga Alchemy and Immortality, Rider and
Company, London, 1970
14. Jump up ^ Mantak and Maneewan Chia[269] Awaken Healing Light of the Tao (Healing
Tao Books, 1993), ch.5
15. Jump up ^ Yang Erzeng, Philip Clart. The Story of Han Xiangzi: the alchemical
adventures of a Taoist immortal
16. Jump up ^ Mantak and Maneewan Chia[270] Awaken Healing Light of the Tao (Healing
Tao Books, 1993), ch.13
17. Jump up ^ Andy James. The Spiritual Legacy of Shaolin Temple
18. Jump up ^ Mircea Eliade. Yoga, Immortality and Freedom
19. Jump up ^ Woodroffe, The Serpent Power, Dover Publications, pp.317ff
20. Jump up ^ C. W. Leadbeater[271], Gichtel and Theosophia Practica[272], Chakra,
Adyar, 1927
21. Jump up ^ Chakras[273] Caroline Myss[274] website.
22. Jump up ^ Helena Blavatsky (1892). Theosophical Glossary. Krotona.
23. Jump up ^ Selby, Jon and Selig, Zachary. (1992) Kundalini Awakening, a Gentle
Guide to Chakra Activation and Spiritual Growth, New York: Random House, ISBN
978-0-553-35330-3[275] (0-553-35330-6)
24. Jump up ^ Rudolf Steiner, "The astral centers (Chakras)", chapter I [1][276] of
Initiation and Its Results translated by Clifford Bax (1909), early version of second
half of Steiner's Knowledge of the higher worlds and its attainment [2][277]
25. Jump up ^ Rudolf Steiner, How to Know Higher Worlds
26. Jump up ^ Florin Lowndes, 'Enlivening the Chakra of the Heart: The Fundamental
Spiritual Exercises of Rudolf Steiner' ISBN 1-85584-053-7[278], first English edition
1998 from the original German edition of 1996, comparing 'traditional' chakra
teaching, and that of C.W.Leadbeater, with that of Rudolf Steiner. But see also
comment on Lowndes in Overview of the Literature[279], G.A.Bondarev
27. Jump up ^ Saraswati, MD (19532001). Kundalini Yoga. Tehri-Garhwal, India:
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Divine Life Society, foldout chart. ISBN 81-7052-052-5[280]

28. Jump up ^ The Shining Ones, Philip Gardiner and Gary Osborn, Watkins Publishing,
2006 edition, p44-45, ISBN 1-84293-150-4[281]
29. Jump up ^ Wheels of Life, Anodea Judith
30. Jump up ^ The Yoga Book, Stephen Sturgess, Element, 1997, p19-21, ISBN 1-85230972-5[282]
31. Jump up ^ The Chakras, CW Leadbeater
32. Jump up ^ Interpretating the Revelation, John Van Auken[283]
33. Jump up ^ Patricia Mercier (2007). The Chakra Bible. Octopus Publishing Group Ltd.,
2007, p. 12. ISBN 978-1-84181-320-2[284].
34. Jump up ^ Patricia Mercier (2007). p. 28
35. Jump up ^ Patricia Mercier (2007). p. 302
36. Jump up ^ Mercier (2007). p. 267.
37. Jump up ^ Mercier (2007). p. 233.
38. Jump up ^ Patricia Mercier (2007). p. 199.
39. Jump up ^ Mercier (2007). p. 168.
40. Jump up ^ Mercier (2007). p. 167.
41. Jump up ^ Mercier (2007). p. 127.
42. Jump up ^ "Root Chakra"[285]. ASIS Massage Education. Retrieved 17 January 2014.
43. Jump up ^ Patricia Mercier (2007). p. 91.
44. Jump up ^ Mumford, John (1995). A Chakra & Kundalini Workbook (Second ed.).
Llewellyn Worldwide[286]. p. 79. ISBN[287] 1-56718-473-1[288].
45. Jump up ^ The Devi Gita: The Song of the Goddess A Translation, Annotation and
Commentary, C. Mackenzie Brown, 1998, State University of New York Press, p195
ISBN 978-0-7914-3940-1[289]
46. Jump up ^ Mumford, John (1988). Ecstasy Through Tantra (Third ed.). Llewellyn
Worldwide[290]. p. 72. ISBN[291] 0-87542-494-5[292].
47. Jump up ^ Mindell, Arnold; Sternback-Scott, Sisa; Goodman, Becky (1984).
Dreambody: the body's rle in revealing the self. Taylor & Francis[293]. p. 38.
ISBN[294] 0-7102-0250-4[295].
48. Jump up ^ Cross, J. R. Acupressure and Reflextherapy in the Treatment of Medical
Conditions. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2001, p. 12.
49. Jump up ^ Svoboda, Robert. Aghora II: Kundalini, p. 71.
50. Jump up ^ Satguru Sivaya Subramuniyaswami. Merging with Shiva: Hinduism's
contemporary metaphysics, p. 231.
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External links
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chakra_(disambiguation)
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section
3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style
4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Chakra
5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%C4%81tan%C4%AB
6. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism
7. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantra
8. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoga
9. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtle_body
10. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prana
11. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_(esotericism)
12. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit
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13. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandala
14. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dharmacakra
16. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kundalini_Yoga
17. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism
18. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vajrayana
20. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IAST
21. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language
22. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_language
23. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_language
24. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tocharian_B
25. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Nath_Bhattacharyya
27. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation
28. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakti
29. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rite
30. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Niruttaratantra&action=edit&redlink=1
31. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yantra
32. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysticism
33. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagram
34. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerve_plexus
35. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist
36. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pali
37. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebirth_(Buddhism)
38. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jorma_Koivulehto&action=edit&redlink=1
39. http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Kekri
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44. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadis
45. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vayu
46. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantra
47. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kundalini_energy
48. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Crown_Brow_Throat_Chakras,_Rajasthan_18th_Century.jpg
49. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_John_Woodroffe
51. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vajrayana
52. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism
53. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Completion_stage
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58. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tummo
60. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayas
61. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B6n
63. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_realms
64. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenzin_Wangyal_Rinpoche
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66. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trul_Khor
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74. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Lokas
75. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadhana
76. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qigong
77. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_(spirituality)
78. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qi
79. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meridian_(Chinese_medicine)
80. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcosmic_orbit
81. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dantian
82. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesychasm
83. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:7_main_chackra.svg
84. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ChakraDiag.jpg
85. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esotericism
87. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Mesmer
88. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_magnetism
89. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakta
90. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Woodroffe
91. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Webster_Leadbeater
92. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Georg_Gichtel
93. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_B%C3%B6hme
94. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Age
95. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_Myss
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99. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consciousness
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101. http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/locus
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104. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakti
105. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qi
106. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koach-ha-guf&action=edit&redlink=1
107. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aether_(classical_element)
109. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soul_(spirit)
110. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahasrara
111. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muladhara
112. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swami_Sivananda
113. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/8185137609
114. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo
115. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral_Yoga
118. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anodea_Judith
119. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Selig
121. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigm
122. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transpersonal_chakra
123. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_star_chakra
124. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Steiner
125. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:7_Chakras.JPG
126. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Philosophy_of_Freedom
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137. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasu
138. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chakra07.gif
139. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahasrara
140. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit_language
143. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiva
144. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samadhi
145. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pituitary_gland
146. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_nervous_system
147. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothalamus
148. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thalamus
149. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consciousness
150. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnostic_Gospels
151. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karma
152. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phowa
153. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pure_Land
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155. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhruva
157. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajna
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161. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%ABja
162. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardhanarishvara
163. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bindu_(symbol)
164. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_eye
165. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pineal_gland
166. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melatonin
167. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethyltryptamine
169. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soma
171. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishuddha
174. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid
175. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_hormone
176. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_dreaming
177. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyaus
179. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anahata
182. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodhicitta
183. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexagram
184. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thymus
185. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_system
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195. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestion
196. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agni
198. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svadhishthana
201. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varuna
202. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacrum
203. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_hormones
204. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproductive_cycle
205. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indra
206. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varuna
207. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muladhara
210. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebral_column
211. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coccyx
212. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonads
213. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_medulla
214. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fight-or-flight_response
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219. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prithvi
220. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatine_uvula
221. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patala
222. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naraka_(Hinduism)
223. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manga
224. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anime
225. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naruto
226. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naruto_Shippuden
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228. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avatar:_The_Last_Airbender
229. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Devil_Saga:_Avatar_Tuner
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231. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constant_Energy_Struggles
232. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_Sanskrit
233. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_Hindi_and_Urdu
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239. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_language
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Chakra - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

(IAST[20]: Cakra), the word derives from the Proto-Indo1/35

Chakra - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Chakra - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The following features are common:

Use in religious traditions

Thousand Petalled Crown Chakra, Two Petalled Brow

Chakra - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Main article: Vajrayana[51]

Chakra - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Chakras, according to the Himalayan[60] Bnpo[61] tradition, influence the quality of

Chakra - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Western interpretations of Hindu Chakras

Chakra - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Western Adaptation of Hindu Yogic Chakras

Chakra - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Chakra - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Chakra - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Chakra - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Description of each chakra

Chakra - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Shiva[143] energy, and a state of liberating samadhi[144] is

Chakra - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

to obtain rebirth in a Pure Land[153]. Within this state is

Ajna[157] (Sanskrit[158]: , IAST[159]: , English:

Pingala are said to terminate and merge with the central

Chakra - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

chakras, based on the description in Arthur Avalon's book on

heads and 4 arms, and the Shakti is Shakini.

Chakra - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Chakra - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Manipura is related to the metabolic and digestive systems.

Chakra - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

cycle[204]. Svadhishthana is also considered to be related to,

Chakra - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Minor chakras below Muladhara

Chakra - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

, Kannada[240]: , Chinese: /, pinyin[241]: ln, Standard

Chakra - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Chakra - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

of Chicago Press. p. 221. ISBN[262] 0-226-89483-5[263].

Chakra - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Divine Life Society, foldout chart. ISBN 81-7052-052-5[280]

Chakra - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Chakra - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

have been observed by Leadbeater with his third eye[319]

Chakra - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Chakra - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Chakra - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Chakra - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Chakra - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Chakra - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Chakra - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Chakra - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Chakra - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Chakra - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Chakra - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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