quantity

acceleration due to gravity

age of Universe
atomic mass unit, unified
astronomical unit
Avogadro constant
Bohr magneton
Bohr radius
Boltzmann constant
cosmic background energy density
cosmic background number density
cosmic background temperature
critical density of Universe
day, mean sidereal
deuteron (2H) mass
Earth mass
Earth radius (equatorial)
electron charge magnitude
electron mass
electron radius, classical
electron Compton wavelength
entropy density/Boltzmann constant
fine structure constant
gravitational constant
Hubble constant
Hubble constant, normalized
jansky
light year (deprecated)
Naperian (natural) logarithm base
nuclear magneton
parsec (au/arcsec)
permeability of free space

symbol
g
t0

value
2

9.806 65 m/s
15(5) Gy
931.494 32(28) MeV/c2 =
u
1.660 540 2(10) x 10-27 kg
au
1.495 978 706 6(2) x 1011 m
NA
6.022 136 7(36) x 1023 mol-1
muB
5.788 382 63(52) x 10-11 MeV/T
aoo
0.529 177 249(24) x 10-10 m
1.380 658(12) x 10-23 J/K =
k
8.617 385(73) x 10-5 eV/K
4.647 7 x 10-34 (T/2.726 K)4 g/cm3 =
rhogamma
0.260 71 (T/2.726 K)4 eV/cm3
ngamma
410.89 (T/2.726 K)3 cm-3
T0
2.726 +- 0.005 K
2.775 366 27 x 1011 h02 MS Mpc-3 =
rhoc
1.878 82(24) x 10-29 h02 g/cm3 =
1.053 94(13) x 10-5 h02 GeV/cm3
dsidereal
23h 56m 04s.090 53
md
1875.613 39(57) MeV/c2
ME
5.973 70(76) x 1024 kg
RE
6.378 140 x 106 m
1.602 177 33(49) x 10-19 C =
e
4.803 206 8(15) x 10-10 esu
0.510 999 06(15) MeV/c2 =
me
9.109 389 7(54) x 10-31 kg
re
2.817 940 92(38) x 10-15 m
lambdabare 3.861 593 23(35) x 10-13 m
s/k
2.892 4 (T/2.726 K)3 cm-3
alpha
1/137.035 989 5(61)
6.672 59(85) x 10-11 m3/(kg s2) =
GN
6.707 11(86) x 10-39 h c/(GeV/c2)2
100 h0 km/(s Mpc) =
H0
h0/9.778 13 Gy
h0
0.5 < h0 < 0.85
Jy
10-26 W/(m2 Hz)
0.306 6... pc =
ly
0.946 1... x 1016 m
e
2.718 281 828 459 045 235
muN
3.152 451 66(28) x 10-14 MeV/T
3.085 677 580 7(4) x 1016 m =
pc
3.262... ly
mu0
4 pi x 10-7 N/A2 =

12.566 370 614... x 10-7 N/A2

permittivity of free space
epsilon0
8.854 187 817... x 10-12 F/m
pi
pi
3.141 592 653 589 793 238
Planck constant
h
6.626 075 5(40) x 10-34 J s
1.054 572 66(63) x 10-34 J s =
Planck constant, reduced
hbar
6.582 122 0(20) x 10-22 MeV s
1.221 047(79) x 1019 GeV/c2 =
Planck mass
mP
2.176 71(14) x 10-8 kg
938.272 31(28) MeV/c2 =
1.672 623 1(10) x 10-27 kg =
proton (1H) mass
mp
1.007 276 470(12) u =
1836.152 701(37) me
Rydberg energy
h c Roo
13.605 698 1(40) eV
2
Schwarzschild radius of Sun
2 GN MS/c 2.953 250 08 km
speed of light in vacuum
c
299 792 458 m/s
Stefan-Boltzmann constant
sigma
5.670 51(19) x 10-8 W/(m2 K4)
strong coupling constant
alphas
0.118(3)
Sun distance from Core
Ro
8.0(5) kpc
Sun luminosity
LS
3.846 x 1026 W
Sun mass
MS
1.988 92(25) x 1030 kg
Sun radius (equatorial)
RS
6.96 x 108 m
Sun speed around Core
Thetao
220(20) km/s
Sun speed to cosmic background
369.5 +- 3.0 km/s
Thompson cross section
sigmaT
0.665 246 16(18) barn
+W boson mass
mW
80.33(15) GeV/c2
Wien displacement law constant
b
2.897 756(24) x 19) x 10-3 m K
year, sidereal (fixed star to fixed star, 1994) ysidereal
31 558 149.8 s
year, tropical (equinox to equinox, 1994)
y
31 556 925.2 s
0
Z boson mass
mZ
91.187(7) GeV/c2

Table of universal constants[edit]

Quantity

Relative Standard

Value[7][8]

Symbol

Uncertainty

T
E

speed of light in vacuum

299 792 458 ms1

Newtonian constant of

6.67384(80)1011 m3kg1s2 1.2 104

gravitation

defined

Planck constant

6.626 069 57(29) 1034 Js

reduced Planck

1.054 571 726(47) 1034 Js 4.4 108

constant

4.4 108

Table of electromagnetic constants[edit]

Quantity

Relative
Symbol

Value

[7][8]

(SI units)

Standard
Uncertainty

T
E

magnetic
constant (vacuum
permeability)

4 107 NA2 = 1.256 637

061... 106 NA2

defined

electric constant (vacuum

8.854 187 817...

permittivity)

1012 Fm1

defined

376.730 313 461...

defined

characteristic impedance of
vacuum
Coulomb's constant
elementary charge
Bohr magneton
conductance quantum
inverse conductance
quantum
Josephson constant

8.987 551 787...

109 Nm2C2

defined

1.602 176 565(35) 1019 C 2.2 108

9.274 009 68(20)
1024 JT1

2.2 108

7.748 091 7346(25) 105 S 3.2 1010

12 906.403 7217(42)

3.2 1010

4.835 978 70(11)

2.2 108

10

14

HzV

2.067 833 758(46)

magnetic flux quantum

1015 Wb
5.050 783 53(11)

nuclear magneton

2.2 108

1027 JT1
25 812.807 4434(84)

von Klitzing constant

2.2 108

3.2 1010

Table of atomic and nuclear constants[edit]

Quantity

Relative
Symbol

Value

[7][8]

(SI units)

Standard
Uncertainty

T
E

Bohr radius

5.291 772 1092(17)

1011 m

classical electron

2.817 940 3267(27)

radius

1015 m

electron mass
Fermi coupling

9.109 382 91(40)

1031 kg
1.166 364(5)
5

constant

10

fine-structure

7.297 352 5698(24)

constant
Hartree energy

proton mass

10

GeV

4.359 744 34(19)

1018 J
1.672 621 777(74)
1027 kg

quantum of

3.636 947 5520(24)

circulation

104 m2 s1

Rydberg

10 973 731.568
1

constant

539(55) m

Thomson cross

6.652 458 734(13)

section

1029 m2

weak mixing
angle
Efimov factor

0.2223(21)
22.7

3.2 109
9.7 1010
4.4 108
4.3 106
3.2 1010
4.4 108
4.4 108
6.5 1010
5.0 1012
1.9 109
9.5 103

Table of physico-chemical constants[edit]

Quantity

Relative
Symbol

Value

[7][8]

(SI units)

Standard
Uncertainty

T
E

Atomic mass
constant

1.660 538 921(73)

10

Avogadro's number

Boltzmann constant

Faraday constant

27

kg

6.022 141 29(27)

1023 mol1
1.380 6488(13)
1023 JK1
96
485.3365(21)Cmol1
3.741 771 53(17)
10

first
radiation

for

constant

spectral
radiance

16

Wm

1.191 042 869(53)

10

16

Wm sr

4.4 108
4.4 108
9.1 107
2.2 108
4.4 108

4.4 108

at
Loschmidt
constant

=273.15
K and
=101.325

2.686 7805(24)
1025 m3

9.1 107

kPa
gas constant
molar Planck
constant

8.314 4621(75)
JK1mol1
3.990 312 7176(28)
10

10

Jsmol

9.1 107
7.0 1010

at
=273.15
K and
molar

2.271 0953(21)
10

m mol

9.1 107

=100 kPa

volume of
an ideal
gas

at
=273.15
K and
=101.325
kPa

2.241 3968(20)
102 m3mol1

9.1 107

at

=1 K
1.151 7078(23)

2.0 106

1.164 8708(23)

1.9 106

second radiation

1.438 7770(13)

constant

102 mK

9.1 107

StefanBoltzmann

5.670 373(21)

constant

108 Wm2K4

and
Sackur-

=100 kPa

Tetrode

at =1 K
constant and
=101.325
kPa

Wien displacement

2.897 7721(26)
4.965 114 231...

law constant

10

mK

3.6 106
9.1 107

Table of adopted values[edit]

Relative
Quantity

Symbol

Value (SI units)

Standard
Uncertainty

conventional value

4.835 979
[9]

of Josephson constant

conventional value of von

Klitzing constant[10]

constant

1014 HzV1

defined

25 812.807

defined

1
103 kgmol1

defined

molar mass
of carbon-12

1.2
102 kgmol1

defined

9.806 65 ms2

defined

standard acceleration
of gravity (gee, free-fall on
Earth)

standard atmosphere

101 325 Pa

defined

Natural units[edit]
Main article: Natural units
Using dimensional analysis, it is possible to combine dimensional universal physical constants to
define a system of units of measurement that has no reference to any human construct.
Depending on the choice and arrangement of constants used, the resulting natural units may
have useful physical meaning. For example, Planck units, shown below, use c, G, , 0 and kB in
such a manner to derive units relevant to unified theories such as quantum gravity.

Base Planck units

Name

Dimension

V
T
E

Expression

Value[11] (SI units)

1.616199(97)

Planck length

Length (L)

Planck mass

Mass (M)

2.17651(13) 108 kg[13]

Planck time

Time (T)

5.39106(32) 1044 s[14]

Electric

1.875545956(41)

charge (Q)

1018 C[15][16][17]

Temperature ()

1.416833(85) 1032 K[18]

Planck charge

Planck
temperature

1035 m[12]