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Anthropologist "'
- studies about culture of mankind
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Archeologist- * ,#
- studies about the ancient civilization, rely on scientific analysis
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Evolution of Human Being
Ape-man

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Food Gatherers

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Tool Makers (Stone Age)

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Stone Age: There was no written language. People used tools and weapons that made from stone.
There are 3 periods according to Stone Age;
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- 500,000 -10,000 years before

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- Cavemen and Apemen was called in technical term, Proto Austrraloids.


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- During World War II, a Dutch archeologist named Van Heckeren found Uniface
Axe at Kwae Noi, Kanchnaburi, when the war finished, he sent it to USA to
identify. The result came out that it was an axe used by cavemen(Java).
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- After that Mr. Fritz Sarasin (American) came along Thailand and also found
uniface axe at Kwae Noi. He named it Siamian Tools. Then, the historians called it in
technical term, Fingonian.
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At Sai Yok Waterfall, Kanchanaburi, the archeologists found a complete skeleton in
a grave. There were tools and animal bones under the skeleton. Moreover, there was
red dust on the skeleton so they expected that the man may believe in reincarnation
or resurrection. He could become alive again because of the red dust. We also found
that the graves like this in France which showed the same belief.

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-Dr. Sud Saengvichien, Thai archeologist, found 50 skeletons in the graveyard at


Baankao, Kanchanaburi. It indicates that people started to live in a community.
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- We called them Baankaoians.

Baankaoians.

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We expected those people might be farmers, observed from grains, seeds and animal
bones near the skeleton.

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- Dr. Sud asked dentists to do the anatomy test with those skeletons and found that they
are similar to us. So he assumed that those skeletons might be the skeletons of Thai ancestors.
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We found cave wall paintings in E-san at Pa tam, Khong Jiem.


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Metal Age: There was some written language. People use tools and weapons that made from
metal. There are 3 periods according to Metal Age;
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3. Iron Age The end of prehistoric ages of humankind.
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The Archeologist found weapons, tools, accessories and skeletons around the Korat
Plateau (Korat, Udon Thani, Ubon Ratchathani, Nakorn Panom, Sakolnakorn, Khon
kaen). So they assumed that E-san might be fertile area before.

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Steve Young (American archeologist) found pottery at Baan Chieng, Udon Thani.
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design. And it has become the one of the world heritage.
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Asoka, Indian Buddhist King, sent missionaries to Indo-Chinese peninsula in


order to spread out Buddhism by encouraging local people got married with
missionaries, Futhermore, they used the idea of Indianization.

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Asoka '

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Indianization = turn people Buddhist, Rice cultivation, Drainage system.

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2. New comers = Mons and Khmers. They chased local people and then occupied
the land. Mons and Khmers lived together. Although Mons loved peace,
Khmers love fighting so Khmers established Khmer Empire in Indo-China

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Mons: Dvaravadi Kingdom


Location: Nakorn Pathom (capital)
Buddha images were found in the south of Burma and the central of Thailand.

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Khmers: Angkor Kingdom


Location: Buriram, Nakorn Panom, Korat
Religion: Hinduism, Brahmanism, Buddhism
Temples in Khmers style were called Prasart, Praprang

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On the mainland form Surajthani where Chaiya was the capital. There was gold
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Origins and Migrations of Thai People


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During the period of the new Stone Age, Dr. Sud Saengvichien found skeleton and
appliances at Baan Kao so he believed that Thai has no migration.

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"#. !. Dr. Sud Saengvichien


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