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Technical
Range information
of products
Technical
Content information
1. INTRODUCTION
Basic characteristics
Materials used, their properties
Fabrication tolerance, standards
Function and use
Sealing joint, material hardness
Installation instructions
9
10
10
11
12
12
13
5. DYNAMIC SEALING
Determing the dimensions rectangular groove
Roughness tolerance
PTFE O-rings
O-rings for vacuum sealing
Cords
Assembly boxes for bonding of O-rings
Dimension series of NBR O-rings
Dimension series of FPM O-rings
X-rings
14
15
16
16
17
17
18 50
51 81
82
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1. INTRODUCTION
O-rings are highly precise circular sealing elements, which are efficient and economical at the same time and can
be used for a wide range of both static and dynamic applications. O-rings are vulcanized in moulds and, due to
their symmetric shape, they can be used as single as well as double seals. The size of an O-ring is defined by its
inner diameter d1 x ring thickness d2 (figure 1). Sizes, materials, hardness and installing dimensions are defined by
the DIN 3770 or ISO 3601 standard. All dimensions are given in millimetres.
Material groups
The following table gives an overview of material groups of elastomeric substances with the option of choosing
the material hardness (table 1). The following factors influence the decision on material and hardness: size of
sealing joint, temperature, pressure, chemical exposure.
O-RINGS MATERIAL (table 1)
Code
NB, NBR
FP, FPM
SI
EP, EPDM
CR
NR
BU
CSM
PTFE
Trade name
Nitrile-butadiene-rubber
Fluorine rubber (Viton)
Silicone rubber
Ethylene-propylene rubber
Chloroprene rubber
Natural rubber
Butyl rubber
Chlorsulphonated polyethylene rubber (Hypalon)
Polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon)
Hardness Shore A
55, 60, 70, 75, 80, 90
60, 70, 75, 80, 90
50, 60, 70, 80
75, 80, 85
50, 60, 70, 90
45, 65, 80
45, 65, 80
65, 75
-
70
79
80
83
90
92
type
material
70
hardness
35
d1
NBR
5
2
2
3
2
3
4
3
3
1
1
4
3
3
130
-40
FP
5
3
3
5
4
3
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
220
-25
SI
6
4
4
3
5
6
1
1
1
5
1
5
5
5
200
-80
EPDM
5
3
3
3
3
3
2
1
1
5
4
1
2
2
150
-40
d2
CR
3
2
2
3
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
120
-30
NR
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
3
4
6
6
3
3
3
90
-50
BU
4
3
2
6
3
3
2
2
2
6
6
2
2
1
140
-40
CSM
5
3
3
4
3
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
130
-40
PTFE
1
1
3
x
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
260
-190
1 - excellent
2 - very good
3 - good
4 - applicable
5 - less applicable
6 - not applicable
X - not measured for this material type
diameter d1
Up to 3
36
6 10
10 18
18 30
30 50
50 80
80 100
100 120
120 150
150 180
180 250
250 300
300 350
350 400
400 500
500 650
650 800
Please inquire for non-standard materials such as polyurethane, KALREZ, fluorosilicone, NEOPRENE they can be delivered after the manufacturing plant is consulted.
OK
Material type
Tensile strength without support
Tensile strength with support
Elongation at break
Reverse elasticity
Constant resistance
Tensile resistance
Resistance to electrical flow
Resistance to strain ageing
Resistance to ozone
Resistance to fuel
Resistance to oil
Resistance to acid
Resistance to alkalis
Resistance to hot water
Max. temperature (C)
Min. temperature (C)
tolerance ()
0,14
0,15
0,17
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,65
0,85
1
1,2
1,4
1,8
2,1
2,5
2,8
3,4
4,3
6,5
diameter d1
Up to 1,8
1,8 2,6
2,6 3,5
3,5 5,3
5,3 7
78
8 10
10 15
tolerance ()
0,08
0,09
0,1
0,13
0,15
0,17
0,13
0,25
The following values show tolerances for Nitrilebutadiene-rubber compound with 70 Shore or
73 IRHD hardness. Even with identical moulds,
other compounds have different cross-sections
and higher tolerances. It is always possible to
manufacture special moulds according to your
specifications.
dimensions
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Technical information
O-rings standards
Sealing joint
When subjected to pressure, the O-ring is pressed into the opposite side of the groove. To prevent the O-ring
from being pressed into the sealing joint, which would result in the ring being damaged, it is advisable to choose
O-rings with the largest cross-section possible for a particular application.
ISO 3601
US Standard
(AS 568A)
(MS 295 13)
Swedish Standard
(SMS 1588)
French Standard
Under identical operating conditions and equal sealing joint width, an O-ring with a smaller cross-section is
pressed into the (identical) sealing joint relatively more than an O-ring with a larger cross-section. To prevent the
O-ring from being pressed into the sealing joint, a harder O-ring may be chosen or the O-ring can be combined
with a back-up ring (upon inquiry, we can recommend the right size).
=
=
Fig. 3
Material hardness
The suitable material hardness of O-rings depends on the width of the sealing joint and sealed pressure. The following diagrams (figure 4) show the dependence:
DIN 3770
Standard
compression
O-rings are sealing elements which, upon being subjected to pressure, function in both radial and axial directions.
After pressure is applied to a system, the O-ring generates sealing power. As the operating pressure increases, so
does the overall sealing pressure. In comparision to other sealing elements,
O-rings have a number of advantages:
- easy installation
- availability on stock
- cost effective
- wide range of use in both static and dynamic applications.
O-rings can be used in a number of industrial applications. Due to a wide range of compounds with different
properties, O-rings can be employed to seal virtually all fluids and gases.
The most important factors for determining the right O-ring hardness are the value of operating pressure and
the width of sealing joint. For high pressures and wide sealing joints, it is advisable to choose harder materials to
prevent the O-ring from being pressed into the sealing joint.
If structurally possible, using a O-ring with medium hardness together with a back-up ring is a technically better
solution as the compressive deformation is lower at 70 Sh than at 90 Sh.
type
Fig. 2
dimensions
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Installation instructions
Given the functionality and quality of O-rings, they are most suitable for static application. For dynamic applications,
there are certain restrictions which must be observed. It is important to comply with pressure and temperature
limits, medium type, surface roughness, size of sealing joint and other parameters.
It is always advisable to choose O-rings with the largest thickness (d2) possible as they have several advantages
compared to O-rings with lower d2 values:
- lower abrasion which means higher service life
- lower deformation
- larger contact surface
The following graphs show values for compression of O-rings for various applications. If these values are observed,
sufficient contact surface necessary for good sealing peformance is ensured. In dynamic applications, these values
must be lower due to higher friction.
Fig. 6
To determine the dimensions of the groove and the inner diameter of the O-ring, proceed as follows:
- choose the highest possible thickness (d2) for your construction
- dimensions of L1 and S grooves can be found in the tables for installing dimensions
- the basic groove dimension is given for the main ring types:
a) sealing on the outside da = Da - 2 x S
b) sealing on the inside Db= db + 2 x S
deformation (%)
- the inner dimension (d1) is determined according to the moulds list for the main ring types:
- sealing on the outside:
- the inner O-ring diameter should be identical or only slightly smaller than the
da groove diameter
d1 = da
< max. 6 %
- it is recommended to lightly position the ring on the groove diameter
- sealing on the inside:
- the inner O-ring diameter should be identical or only slightly smaller or larger than
the db piston rod diameter
> max. 3 %
d1 = db
< max. 6 %
- this ensures that the O-ring has the desired larger dimension on the outer diameter
thickness d2 (mm)
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The grooves in which the O-rings are positioned should have a rectangular recess. Maximum allowed wall bevel is
5%. It is important that the pressure of the medium can spread along the whole S profile. To this end, is it necessary
to determine the adequate size of the groove width L1 and the sealing joint on the pressure side. Because the
O-ring material has higher heat expansion than metals, and to account for any swelling, the inner volume of the
groove should be about 25% larger than the O-ring volume. To ensure that the O-ring does not get jammed or cut
during assembly, it is necessary to take care that the bevel values (see fig. 6) are not lower than those stated in the
following table (table 6).
min. bevel z
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,1
1,1
1,2
1,2
1,4
1,4
1,5
1,5
1,6
1,8
1,8
1,8
Thickness d2
4,0
4,5
5,0
5,3
5,33
5,7
6,7
7,0
6,99
8,0
8,4
9,0
10
12
15
min. bevel z
2,0
2,3
2,5
2,7
2,7
3,0
3,1
3,6
3,6
4,0
4,2
4,3
4,5
5,0
7,0
Fig. 7
Thickness d2
1,0
1,5
1,6
1,8
1,78
1,9
2,0
2,4
2,5
2,65
2,62
3,0
3,5
3,55
3,53
Depth S
0,8
1,15
1,2
1,35
1,35
1,45
1,5
1,8
1,9
2,0
2,0
2,3
2,7
2,75
2,75
Width L1
1,3
1,9
2,1
2,3
2,3
2,4
2,6
3,1
3,2
3,4
3,4
3,9
4,5
4,5
4,5
1,0 to 2,5
Depth S
3,15
3,6
4,0
4,3
4,3
4,65
4,96
5,85
5,85
6,75
7,15
7,7
8,65
10,6
13,5
Width L1
5,2
5,8
6,5
6,9
6,9
7,4
7,8
9,1
9,1
10,4
10,9
11,7
13,0
15,6
19,5
If retainer rings are used, the groove width value must be larger corresponding to the added width of the retainer ring.
TOLERANCE AND MATING in mm (table 9)
FILLET in mm (table 7)
Thickness d2
Thickness d2
4,0
4,5
5,0
5,3
5,33
5,7
6,0
7,0
6,99
8,0
8,4
9,0
10
12
15
2,5 to 10
Dimensions
Tolerance
Da, db
H 8/f 7
radius r1
0,1
0,25
radius r2
0,2
0,6
da
h 11
Db
H 11
up to 4
up to 6
up to 8
up to 10
+0,2/0
+0,3/0
+0,4/0
+0,5/0
Roughness Ra
1,6
Groove side
3,2
1,6
For pulsating pressure, this value must be taken from table 18 (dynamic sealing).
MAXIMUM SEALING JOINT F in mm - STATIC SEALING (table 11)
Hardness (Sh A)
70
80
90
Fig. 8
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Pressure (bar)
25
50
100
50
100
150
200
100
150
200
250
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These installing dimensions are generally not recommended as they do not allow sufficient space for possible
changes in the O-ring volume. Rectangular grooves are a more suitable alternative. Sometimes, triangular grooves
are used to seal shafts or covers. For such aplications of O-rings in triangular grooves, the following table states the
O-ring thickness (d2) values in relation to the bevel value b.
O-rings are used as static sealing elements with axial deformation, for example for sealing of shafts or covers. At
high pressures, it is important to make sure that the screws are sufficiently prestressed and that the metal parts
are fitted tightly enough. This ensures that the sealing surfaces cannot disconnect under pressure and prevents
occurance of gaps.
If optimal construction is presumed, pressures of 1000 bar and higher can be sealed. If the pressure comes from
the outside, it is necessary to choose O-rings with slightly smaller (about 1 - 2%) d1 inner diameter than the inner
groove diameter d3. If the pressure comes from the inside, it is necessary to chose O-rings with slightly larger
(about 1 - 2%) outer diameter than the groove diameter D3.
Installing dimensions see table 8
up to 4
up to 6
up to 8
up to 10
Groove depth S
+0,05/0
+0,07/0
+0,09/0
+0,1/0
Groove width L1
+0,2/0
+0,3/0
+0,4/0
+0,5/0
1
1,2
1,5
1,6
1,8
1,9
2
2,4
2,5
2,6
2,65
3
3,15
3,5
3,55
4
4,5
5
5,3
5,7
6
6,3
7
8
8,4
10
12
14
16
20
h 11
Diameter d3
Diameter D3
H 11
Radii
table 7
Roughness
table 10
3,5
5,33
5,7
6,99
8,4
10
Groove depth ST
2,8
4,15
4,4
4,8
5,95
6,85
7,25
7,8
8,7
Groove width LT
3,05
4,1
4,35
4,75
5,65
6,5
6,8
7,25
7,95
Radius rT
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,4
0,4
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
Radius RT
0,8
1,5
Inner diameter d1
see text
Angle
24
TOLERANCE in mm - TRAPEZOIDAL GROOVE (table 14)
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Groove depth ST
() 0,05
Groove width LT
() 0,05
Roughness grades
Table 10
Bevel width b
1,02
1,25
1,52
1,78
2,26
2,7
3,53
3,6
5,33
6,99
1,4
1,6
2
2,1
2,4
2,6
2,7
3,2
3,4
3,5
3,6
4,1
4,3
4,7
4,8
5,4
6,1
6,8
7,2
7,7
8,1
8,5
9,5
10,8
11,4
13,5
16,2
19
21,6
Radius R
+0,1
0,2
+0,1
0,3
+0,1
0,4
+0,15
0,6
+0,15
0,9
+0,15
1,2
+0,2
1,5
s+0,2
+0,25
2,5
+0,25
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5. DYNAMIC SEALING
Hydraulic devices
O-rings are not an entirely suitable sealing element for dynamic applications as the sliding movement at growing
pressure makes necessary lubrication more difficult. This quickly leads to increased abrasion. Most of all, the service
life depends on the following factors: presence of lubricating layer, pressure values, temperature, size of sealing
joint, speed of sliding movement, medium type as well as the quality of surface areas of metal parts. Limits of 100
bar and 0,3 m/s should not be exceeded. If the sealing joint is rather larger in size, back-up rings should always be
used on both sides of the O-ring. In most cases, more suitable sealing elements can be found for dynamic sealing.
Dimensions
Tolerance
Da, db
H 8/f 7
da
h9
H9
Db
Ring diameter d2
up to 4
up to 6
up to 8
up to 10
Groove width L1
+0,2/0
+0,3/0
+0,4/0
+0,5/0
Pneumatic devices
RECOMMENDED ROUGHNESS R MAX. in m (table 18)
Area
Roughness Ra
1,6
Groove side L1
3,2
max. 0,4
Rotational movements
MAXIMUM SEALING JOINT F in mm - DYNAMIC SEALING (table 19)
Width L1
Depth - hydr. S
1,0
1,5
1,6
1,8
1,78
1,9
2,0
2,4
2,5
2,65
2,62
3,0
3,5
3,55
1,3
1,9
2,0
2,3
2,3
2,4
2,4
2,9
30
3,1
3,1
3,6
4,2
4,2
0,9
1,3
1,4
1,5
1,5
1,7
1,7
2,1
2,2
2,3
2,3
2,6
3,1
3,1
Depth pneum. S
0,95
1,35
1,45
1,55
1,55
1,7
1,8
2,15
2,25
2,35
2,35
2,75
3,25
3,25
Thickness d2
Width L1
Depth - hydr. S
Depth pneum. S
3,53
4,0
4,5
5,0
5,3
5,33
5,7
6
7,0
6,99
8,0
8,4
9,0
10
4,2
4,8
5,4
6,0
6,4
6,4
6,9
7,2
8,4
8,4
9,6
10,1
10,8
12,0
3,1
3,5
4,0
4,45
4,7
4,7
5,1
5,4
6,3
6,3
7,2
7,6
8,2
9,1
3,25
3,7
4,2
4,65
4,95
4,95
5,35
5,65
6,6
6,6
7,5
7,9
8,5
9,5
Hardness (Sh A)
70
80
90
Pressure (bar)
10
25
50
25
50
75
50
75
100
If back-up rings are used, the groove width value must be larger corresponding to the added width of the back-up ring.
L1 dimension tolerance - see table 17.
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PTFE O-rings
PTFE O-rings can be used in the temperature range from -200C to +260C. Moreover, they are resistant to most of
all chemical substances. Due to limited elasticity which also means greater prestressing force, PTFE O-rings should
be only used for static sealing in axial groove constructions. However, they can also be placed in grooves which
were originally designed for elastomeric O-rings. In such cases, it is necessary to take care that the PTFE O-ring is
not stretched or packed too tightly during installation. For special cases which require the chemical properties
of PTFE combined with the elastic properties of elastomeric substances, we can deliver PTFE enveloped O-rings
made of Viton or silicone.
Depth S
7,0
6,99
5,11 5,18
Width L1
2,1 2,24
7,75 7,87
Thickness d2
Radius r1, r2
3,0 3,12
3,99 4,14
5,99 6,12
Table 7
FPM 70 Sh
tolerance
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,35
0,35
0,35
0,35
0,4
0,4
0,4
0,4
0,4
0,4
0,55
0,55
0,55
0,55
0,55
0,55
0,55
0,55
0,55
0,55
0,65
0,65
0,65
0,65
0,65
0,65
0,85
0,85
0,85
1
1
diameter d2
2
2,4
2,5
2,62
3
3,5
5,53
4
4,5
4,75
5
5,33
5,5
5,7
6
6,35
6,5
6,99
7
7,5
8
8,4
8,5
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
20
22
25
30
diameter d2
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,25
0,25
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,4
0,4
0,4
0,4
0,4
0,4
0,4
0,4
0,4
0,4
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
1
1
1
1
1,3
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Technical information
Technical information
X-rings were primarily developed to limit the twisting of rings in the groove. The base is the square-shaped crosssection with ring grooves. The width and thickness of these rings correspond with the dimensions of the classical
O-rings. Therefore, both types are exchangeable. The ring has a small touch surface for pressure up to 40 bars as
well as less friction than the O-ring.
The X-ring cannot roll away and therefore it will also not twist. An advantage of the X-ring over the O-ring is only
the fact that it is more advantageous for radial movement if it is not possible to use shaft seals. The life cycle is
dependent upon the quality of the surface of the friction surfaces.
TECHNICAL PARAMETERS
Pressure
Speed
0.5 m/s
Temperature
-50 up to +200 C
1,78
2,62
3,53
5,33
7,00
Cross-section
W
If you have any special requirements for X-rings, please contact our technical department.
We will make recommendations based on your needs:
- Material of sliding surfaces
- Surface treatments
- Ways of greasing
- Shapes of grooves
- Tolerance of grooves
- The suitable dimension with the recommended tolerance
- The complete technical and design documentation
1,02
1,27
1,52
1,78
2,62
3,53
5,33
7,00
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Depth of Groove
Groove dimensions
Width of Groove
Radius
Maximum
radius joint
Dynamic
t1 +0,05
Static
t/h +0,05
b1, b4 +0,2
b2 +0,2
b3 +0,2
r1
0,80
0,75
1,20
0,10
0,03
1,00
0,90
1,40
0,10
0,03
1,25
1,15
1,70
0,22
0,04
1,50
1,40
2,00
3,40
4,80
0,22
0,05
2,30
2,25
3,00
4,40
5,8
0,30
0,08
3,20
3,10
4,00
5,40
6,80
0,40
0,08
4,90
4,75
6,00
7,70
9,40
0,40
0,10
6,40
6,20
8,00
10,50
13,00
0,60
0,10
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